chscp-20260228

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q


☑	Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
	For the quarterly period ended	February 28, 2026
or
☐	Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-36079

CHS Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Minnesota

41-0251095

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

5500 Cenex Drive

Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota 55077

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(651) 355-6000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
8% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock	CHSCP	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 1	CHSCO	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 2	CHSCN	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 3	CHSCM	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 4	CHSCL	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☑ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

The issuer has no common stock outstanding.

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	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page No.
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28 , 202 6 , and August 31, 2025	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended February 28 , 202 6 and 202 5	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended February 28 , 202 6 and 202 5	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended February 28 , 202 6 and 202 5	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	41
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	42
	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	42
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	42
Item 5.	Other Information	42
Item 6.	Exhibits	42
Signatures		43

Unless the context otherwise requires, for purposes of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the words "CHS," "we," "us" and "our" refer to CHS Inc., a Minnesota cooperative corporation, and its subsidiaries as of February 28, 2026.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains, and our other CHS Inc. publicly available documents contain, and our officers, directors and representatives may from time to time make "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "goal," "seek," "believe," "project," "estimate," "expect," "strategy," "future," "likely," "may," "should," "will" and similar references to future periods. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our businesses, financial condition and results of operations, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward- looking statements. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward- looking statements are discussed or identified in our filings made with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including in the "Risk Factors" discussion in Item 1A of CHS Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025. These factors may include changes in commodity prices; political, economic, legal and other risks of doing business globally; ongoing wars and global conflicts; global and regional factors impacting the supply of or demand for our products; the impact of government policies, mandates, regulations and trade agreements, including the imposition of tariffs and retaliatory tariffs; the impact of inflation; the impact of competitive business markets; any loss of members who choose to do business with other companies instead of us; the impact of market acceptance of alternatives to refined petroleum products; consolidation among our suppliers and customers; nonperformance or nonpayment by contractual counterparties; deterioration in credit quality of third parties who owe us money; the effectiveness of our risk management strategies; actual or perceived quality, safety or health risks associated with our products; business interruptions, casualty losses and supply chain issues; the impact of epidemics, pandemics, outbreaks of disease and other adverse public health developments; the impact of workforce factors; technological improvements and sustainability initiatives that decrease demand for our products; technical, legal and opportunistic-related risks from advancements in artificial intelligence; security breaches or other disruptions in our information technology systems or assets; increased scrutiny and changing expectations with respect to environmental, social and governance practices; failures or delays in achieving strategies or expectations related to climate change or other environmental matters; our ability to complete, integrate and benefit from acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures, divestitures and other nonordinary course-of-business events; changes in federal income tax laws or our tax status; the impact and costs of compliance or noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations; the costs of compliance with environmental and energy laws and regulations; the impact of environmental liabilities and litigation; the impact of seasonality; the impairment of long-lived assets; our funding needs and financing sources; financial institutions’ and other capital sources’ policies concerning energy-related businesses; limits on our ability to access equity capital due to our cooperative structure; and other factors affecting our businesses generally. Any forward-looking statements made by us in this document are based only on information currently available to us and speak only as of the date on which the statement is made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise except as required by applicable law.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)


	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	248,472	$	327,826
Receivables	3,603,449		3,686,585
Inventories	4,886,738		3,270,350
Other current assets	1,517,293		801,590
Total current assets	10,255,952		8,086,351
Investments	3,767,436		3,846,062
Property, plant and equipment, net	5,431,747		5,501,294
Other assets	1,453,399		1,430,142
Total assets	$	20,908,534	$	18,863,849
LIABILITIES AND EQUITIES
Current liabilities:
Notes payable	$	1,995,108	$	1,152,457
Current portion of long-term debt	149,064		90,447
Accounts payable	2,890,513		2,717,648
Accrued expenses	603,720		695,965
Other current liabilities	1,443,038		625,969
Total current liabilities	7,081,443		5,282,486
Long-term debt	1,983,616		1,745,386
Other liabilities	783,180		755,803
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Equities:
Preferred stock	2,264,038		2,264,038
Equity certificates	6,084,911		6,103,605
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(274,638)		(306,372)
Capital reserves	2,982,635		3,015,424
Total CHS Inc. equities	11,056,946		11,076,695
Noncontrolling interests	3,349		3,479
Total equities	11,060,295		11,080,174
Total liabilities and equities	$	20,908,534	$	18,863,849

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	8,353,791	$	7,796,191	$	17,217,895	$	17,090,303
Cost of goods sold	8,327,973		7,719,876		16,802,725		16,613,312
Gross profit	25,818		76,315		415,170		476,991
Marketing, general and administrative expenses	267,609		248,268		535,729		511,118
Operating loss	(241,791)		(171,953)		(120,559)		(34,127)

Interest expense	43,757		25,205		81,108		52,853
Other income	(34,957)		(20,376)		(69,813)		(46,740)
Equity income from investments	(85,614)		(92,070)		(239,065)		(214,365)
(Loss) income before income taxes	(164,977)		(84,712)		107,211		174,125
Income tax (benefit) expense	(17,787)		(8,709)		(6,056)		4,535
Net (loss) income	(147,190)		(76,003)		113,267		169,590
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(138)		(249)		(164)		554
Net (loss) income attributable to CHS Inc.	$	(147,052)	$	(75,754)	$	113,431	$	169,036

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Net (loss) income	$	(147,190)	$	(76,003)	$	113,267	$	169,590
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Pension and other postretirement benefits	3,464		2,461		5,760		4,579

Cash flow hedges	(280)		258		(1,540)		1,739
Foreign currency translation adjustment	12,535		(269)		27,514		(12,128)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	15,719		2,450		31,734		(5,810)
Comprehensive (loss) income	(131,471)		(73,553)		145,001		163,780
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(138)		(249)		(164)		554
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to CHS Inc.	$	(131,333)	$	(73,304)	$	145,165	$	163,226

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended February 28,
	2026		2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	113,267	$	169,590
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of deferred major maintenance	343,464		302,712
Equity income from investments, net of distributions received	64,899		12,087
Provision for current expected credit losses	1,308		(3,461)
Deferred taxes	(4,487)		(10,985)
Other, net	(23,611)		(4,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables	(388,563)		(13,951)
Inventories	(1,359,051)		(1,358,021)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	96,228		(565,901)
Other, net	249,715		140,106
Net cash used in operating activities	(906,831)		(1,331,824)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment	(220,959)		(357,570)
Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment	5,554		8,181
Expenditures for major maintenance	(10,934)		(45,732)
Purchases of short-term investments	(156,968)		—
Proceeds from sale and maturity of short-term and other investments	47,104		508,415
Changes in CHS Capital notes receivable, net	139,631		88,682


Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—		(236,461)
Other investing activities, net	(8,696)		(11,398)
Net cash used in investing activities	(205,268)		(45,883)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from notes payable and long-term debt	8,672,119		7,571,556
Payments on notes payable, long-term debt and finance lease obligations	(7,504,199)		(6,207,861)
Preferred stock dividends paid	(84,334)		(84,334)
Redemptions of equities	(27,866)		(16,327)
Cash patronage dividends paid	(19,076)		(229,470)
Other financing activities, net	(382)		(1,385)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,036,262		1,032,179
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	243		(600)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(75,594)		(346,128)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	399,260		873,862
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	323,666	$	527,734

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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CHS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1 Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results of operations and cash flows for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for a full fiscal year because of the seasonal nature of our businesses, among other things. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes are presented as permitted by the requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended August 31, 2025, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

Effective September 1, 2025, we changed our segment reporting to align with our new product-line operating model, as further described in Note 10, Segment Reporting.

Prior period amounts have been recast to conform to current period classification.

Significant Accounting Policies

No significant accounting policies were updated or changed since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2025.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which provides additional transparency for income tax disclosures. This ASU is effective for our annual reporting for fiscal year 2026 on a prospective basis with an option for retrospective application and for interim reporting periods beginning in fiscal year 2027. While the adoption of this ASU will not impact the recognition or measurement of income taxes, it will result in expanded and enhanced income tax disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which requires additional disclosure about certain costs and expenses in the notes to financial statements. This ASU is effective for our annual reporting for fiscal year 2028 on either a prospective or retrospective basis and for interim reporting periods beginning in fiscal year 2029. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. This ASU amends the criteria for recognizing and capitalizing costs related to internal-use software by replacing the previous project stage model with a principles-based framework. Under this ASU, costs are capitalized when management has authorized and committed to funding a software project and it is probable the project will be completed and the software used as intended. This ASU is effective for our annual reporting for fiscal year 2029 on either a prospective, retrospective or modified prospective transition method. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants: Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities. This ASU provides recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements for government grants. Under the new guidance, proceeds from government grants must be recognized in earnings during the same period the underlying costs associated with grant eligibility are incurred. However, grant income must not be recognized unless it is probable the grant will be received and the entity will comply with the conditions attached to the grant. This ASU is effective for our interim reporting beginning in fiscal year 2030. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting: Narrow-Scope Improvements. This ASU improves clarity for interim financial reporting requirements under existing guidance within Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 270, Interim Reporting, by creating a comprehensive list of interim disclosure requirements, clarifying scope

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and applicability, and adding a principle to disclose all material events that have occurred since the most recently filed Form 10-K. This ASU is effective for our interim reporting beginning in fiscal year 2029. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 Revenues

The following table presents revenues recognized under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC Topic 606"), disaggregated by operating segment, as well as the amount of revenues recognized under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC Topic 815"), and other applicable accounting guidance for the three and six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025. Other applicable accounting guidance primarily includes revenues recognized under ASC Topic 470, Debt, and ASC Topic 842, Leases, that fall outside the scope of ASC Topic 606.


	ASC Topic 606		ASC Topic 815		Other Guidance		Total Revenues
Three Months Ended February 28, 2026	(Dollars in thousands)
Energy	$	1,838,603	$	252,966	$	—	$	2,091,569
Grains	430,139		4,744,203		2,746		5,177,088
Agronomy	1,032,073		—		—		1,032,073
Corporate and Services	36,989		—		16,072		53,061
Total revenues	$	3,337,804	$	4,997,169	$	18,818	$	8,353,791

Three Months Ended February 28, 2025*
Energy	$	1,656,759	$	158,083	$	—	$	1,814,842
Grains	509,441		4,465,401		1,143		4,975,985
Agronomy	945,109		—		—		945,109
Corporate and Services	46,287		—		13,968		60,255
Total revenues	$	3,157,596	$	4,623,484	$	15,111	$	7,796,191

	ASC Topic 606		ASC Topic 815		Other Guidance		Total Revenues
Six Months Ended February 28, 2026	(Dollars in thousands)
Energy	$	4,004,742	$	451,704	$	—	$	4,456,446
Grains	940,374		9,447,883		4,185		10,392,442
Agronomy	2,270,078		—		—		2,270,078
Corporate and Services	67,453		—		31,476		98,929
Total revenues	$	7,282,647	$	9,899,587	$	35,661	$	17,217,895

Six Months Ended February 28, 2025*
Energy	$	3,693,591	$	417,721	$	—	$	4,111,312
Grains	1,049,407		9,603,008		2,742		10,655,157
Agronomy	2,209,143		—		—		2,209,143
Corporate and Services	85,906		—		28,785		114,691
Total revenues	$	7,038,047	$	10,020,729	$	31,527	$	17,090,303

*Prior period amounts have been recast to align with our new product-line operating model.

Less than 1% of revenues accounted for under ASC Topic 606 included within the tables above are recorded over time and relate primarily to service contracts.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract assets relate to unbilled amounts arising from goods that have already been transferred to customers where the right to payment is not conditional on the passage of time. This results in recognition of an asset as the amount of revenue recognized at a certain point in time exceeds the amount billed to customers. Contract assets are recorded in receivables within our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and were $34.0 million and $11.8 million as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, respectively.

Contract liabilities relate to advance payments received from customers for goods and services that we have yet to provide. Contract liabilities of $731.7 million and $179.6 million as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, respectively, are recorded within other current liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, we recognized revenues of $33.1 million and $38.7 million related to contract liabilities, respectively. For the six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, we recognized revenues of $109.6 million and $166.3

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million related to contract liabilities, respectively. These amounts were included in the other current liabilities balance at the beginning of the respective period.

Note 3 Receivables


	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Trade accounts receivable	$	2,713,491	$	2,122,697
CHS Capital short-term notes receivable	853,216		1,053,413
Other	118,708		592,187
Gross receivables	3,685,415		3,768,297
Less: allowances and reserves	81,966		81,712
Total receivables	$	3,603,449	$	3,686,585

Receivables are composed of trade accounts receivable, short-term notes receivable in our wholly-owned subsidiary, CHS Capital, LLC ("CHS Capital"), and other receivables, less an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance for expected credit losses is based on our best estimate of expected credit losses in existing receivable balances and is determined using historical write-off experience, adjusted for various industry and regional data and current expectations of future credit losses.

Notes receivable from commercial borrowers are collateralized by various combinations of mortgages, personal property, accounts and notes receivable, inventories and assignments of certain regional cooperatives' capital stock. These loans are primarily originated in the states of Minnesota, Illinois, North Dakota and Montana. CHS Capital also has loans receivable from producer borrowers that are collateralized by various combinations of growing crops, livestock, inventories, accounts receivable, personal property and supplemental mortgages and are primarily originated in the same states as the commercial notes, as well as in South Dakota.

In addition to the short-term balances included in the table above, CHS Capital had long-term notes receivable, with durations of generally not more than 10 years, totaling $152.7 million and $123.8 million as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, respectively. The long-term notes receivable are included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, commercial notes represented 41% and 24%, respectively, and producer notes represented 59% and 76%, respectively, of total CHS Capital notes receivable.

CHS Capital has commitments to extend credit to customers if there are no violations of contractually established conditions. As of February 28, 2026, CHS Capital customers had additional available credit of $1.3 billion. No significant troubled debt restructuring activity occurred, and no third-party customer or borrower accounted for more than 10% of the total receivables balance as of February 28, 2026, or August 31, 2025.

Note 4 Inventories


	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Grain and oilseed	$	1,790,114	$	957,894
Energy	738,164		694,655
Agronomy	1,888,789		1,202,326
Processed grain and oilseed	128,738		134,498
Other	340,933		280,977
Total inventories	$	4,886,738	$	3,270,350

As of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, we valued approximately 14% and 18%, respectively, of inventories, primarily crude oil and refined fuels within our Energy segment, using the lower of cost, determined on the last in, first out ("LIFO") method, or net realizable value. If the first in, first out ("FIFO") method of accounting had been used, inventories would have been higher than the reported amount by $348.1 million and $361.1 million as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, respectively. Actual valuation of inventory under the LIFO method can be made only at the end of each year based on inventory levels and costs at that time. Interim LIFO calculations are based on management's estimates of expected year-end inventory levels and values and are subject to final year-end LIFO inventory valuation.

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Note 5 Investments


	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Equity method investments:
CF Industries Nitrogen, LLC	$	2,495,778	$	2,535,119
Ventura Foods, LLC	515,383		527,227
Ardent Mills, LLC	236,312		237,052


Other equity method investments	375,579		407,678
Other investments	144,384		138,986
Total investments	$	3,767,436	$	3,846,062

Joint ventures and other investments in which we have significant ownership and influence, but not control, are accounted for in our condensed consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. Our significant equity method investments during the six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, consist of CF Industries Nitrogen, LLC ("CF Nitrogen") and Ventura Foods, LLC ("Ventura Foods"), which are summarized below. In addition to the recognition of our share of income from equity method investments, our equity method investments are evaluated for indicators of other-than-temporary impairment on an ongoing basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). Other investments consist primarily of investments in cooperatives without readily determinable fair values and are generally recorded at cost, unless an impairment or other observable market price change occurs that requires an adjustment. We had approximately $623.0 million in cumulative undistributed earnings from our equity method investees included in the investments balance as of February 28, 2026.

CF Nitrogen

We have a $2.5 billion investment in CF Nitrogen, a strategic venture with CF Industries Holdings, Inc. ("CF Industries"). The investment consists of an approximate 8.38% membership interest (based on product tons) in CF Nitrogen. We account for this investment using the hypothetical liquidation at book value method, recognizing our share of the earnings and losses of CF Nitrogen as equity income from investments in our Agronomy segment based on our contractual claims on the entity's net assets pursuant to the liquidation provisions of CF Nitrogen's Limited Liability Company Agreement, adjusted for semiannual cash distributions.

The following table provides summarized unaudited financial information for our equity method investment in CF Nitrogen for the six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025.


	Six Months Ended February 28,
	2026		2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Net sales	$	2,209,565	$	1,702,088
Gross profit	810,452		462,475
Net earnings	753,714		431,053
Earnings attributable to CHS Inc.	161,741		111,779

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Ventura Foods

We have a 50% interest in Ventura Foods, a joint venture with Mitsui & Co., Ltd., that produces and distributes edible oil-based products. We account for Ventura Foods as an equity method investment, and our share of the results of this equity method investment is included in Corporate and Services.

The following table provides summarized unaudited financial information for our equity method investment in Ventura Foods for the six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025.


	Six Months Ended February 28,
	2026		2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Net sales	$	1,608,653	$	1,543,284
Gross profit	228,091		224,751
Net earnings	27,670		67,605
Earnings attributable to CHS Inc.	13,835		33,803

Producer Ag

On October 10, 2025, we announced our mutual intent with Mid-Kansas Cooperative ("MKC") to start the process of ending our joint venture in Producer Ag. On December 31, 2025, we finalized an agreement for CHS to exit the joint venture. As a part of this agreement, CHS received consideration in the form of working capital, primarily inventory and cash, in exchange for our equity interest, which represented approximately 57% of the net assets, and amounts previously owed to CHS.

As of February 28, 2026, following the final settlement, CHS had no remaining investment balance in Producer Ag, and the settlement had no impact on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Note 6 Notes Payable and Long-Term Debt

Our notes payable and long-term debt are subject to various restrictive requirements for maintenance of minimum consolidated net worth and other financial ratios. We were in compliance with all debt covenants as of February 28, 2026. Notes payable as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, consisted of the following:


	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Notes payable	$	852,514	$	584,226
CHS Capital notes payable	1,142,594		568,231
Total notes payable	$	1,995,108	$	1,152,457

Our primary line of credit is a five-year unsecured revolving credit facility with a syndicate of domestic and international banks. The credit facility provides a committed amount of $2.8 billion that expires on April 21, 2028. There were $250.0 million and $180.0 million in borrowings outstanding on this facility as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025. We also maintain certain uncommitted bilateral facilities to support our working capital needs.

We have a receivables and loans securitization facility ("Securitization Facility") with certain unaffiliated financial institutions ("Purchasers"). Under the Securitization Facility, we and certain of our subsidiaries ("Originators") sell trade accounts and notes receivable ("Receivables") to Cofina Funding, LLC ("Cofina"), a wholly-owned, bankruptcy-remote, indirect subsidiary of CHS. Cofina in turn transfers the Receivables to the Purchasers, and this arrangement is accounted for as secured financing. We use the proceeds from the sale of Receivables under the Securitization Facility for general corporate purposes, and settlements are made on a monthly basis. The amount available under the Securitization Facility fluctuates over time based on the total amount of eligible Receivables generated during the normal course of business. The Securitization Facility consists of a committed portion with a maximum availability of $850.0 million and an uncommitted portion with a maximum availability of $250.0 million. As of February 28, 2026, total availability under the Securitization Facility was $954.3 million, of which $850.0 million was utilized. As of August 31, 2025, total availability under the Securitization Facility was $802.6 million, of which $296.0 million was utilized.

We also have a repurchase facility ("Repurchase Facility"). Under the Repurchase Facility, we can obtain repurchase agreement financing up to $250.0 million for certain eligible receivables and notes receivables of the Originators. As of

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February 28, 2026, we fully utilized the amount available to us under the Repurchase Facility totaling $206.8 million. As of August 31, 2025, $159.7 million was utilized.

During the period ended February 28, 2026, we drew $300.0 million on our revolving term loan facility (the "Facility") for long-term capital planning purposes and utilized the proceeds to reduce short-term amounts outstanding. Our intent is to allow the balance outstanding to revert to a nonrevolving term loan that is payable on October 29, 2029. As of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, there were $300.0 million and no amounts outstanding under this Facility, respectively.

The following table presents summarized long-term debt (including the current portion) as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025.


	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Private placement debt	$	1,783,000	$	1,783,000
Term loan	300,000		—
Finance lease liabilities	51,975		55,198
Deferred financing costs	(3,751)		(3,894)
Other	1,456		1,529
Total long-term debt	2,132,680		1,835,833
Less current portion	149,064		90,447
Long-term portion	$	1,983,616	$	1,745,386

Interest expense for the three months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, was $43.8 million and $25.2 million, respectively, net of capitalized interest of $7.0 million and $7.1 million, respectively. Interest expense for the six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, was $81.1 million and $52.9 million, respectively, net of capitalized interest of $14.4 million and $14.6 million, respectively.

Note 7 Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended February 28, 2026, was (10.8)%, compared to (10.3)% for the three months ended February 28, 2025. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended February 28, 2026, was (5.6)%, compared to 2.6% for the six months ended February 28, 2025. Our income tax expense reflects the mix of full-year earnings projected across business units and current equity assumptions. Income taxes and effective tax rates vary each year based on profitability, changes in tax law, income tax credits and patronage business activity.

Our uncertain tax positions are affected by the tax years that are under audit or remain subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities. Reserves are recorded against unrecognized tax benefits when we believe certain fully supportable tax return positions are likely to be challenged, and we may not prevail. If we were to prevail on all positions taken in relation to uncertain tax positions, $103.4 million and $96.5 million of the unrecognized tax benefits would benefit our effective tax rate as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, respectively. It is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits could change significantly in the next 12 months.

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Note 8 Equities

Changes in Equities

Changes in equities for the three months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, are as follows:


	Equity Certificates								Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
	Capital Equity Certificates		Nonpatronage Equity Certificates		Nonqualified Equity Certificates		Preferred Stock				Capital Reserves		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equities
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balances, November 30, 2025	$	3,717,911	$	26,316	$	2,322,450	$	2,264,038	$	(290,357)	$	3,162,987	$	3,477	$	11,206,822
Reversal of prior fiscal year patronage and redemption estimates	(40,926)		—		(144,101)		—		—		218,210		—		33,183
Distribution of 2025 patronage refunds	54,230		—		144,097		—		—		(217,403)		—		(19,076)
Redemptions of equities	(9,977)		(48)		(4,082)		—		—		—		—		(14,107)
Preferred stock dividends	—		—		—		—		—		(42,167)		—		(42,167)
Other, net	(105)		—		(6)		—		—		179		10		78
Net loss	—		—		—		—		—		(147,052)		(138)		(147,190)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		—		15,719		—		—		15,719
Estimated 2026 cash patronage refunds	—		—		—		—		—		7,881		—		7,881
Estimated 2026 equity redemptions	19,152		—		—		—		—		—		—		19,152
Balances, February 28, 2026	$	3,740,285	$	26,268	$	2,318,358	$	2,264,038	$	(274,638)	$	2,982,635	$	3,349	$	11,060,295


	Equity Certificates								Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
	Capital Equity Certificates		Nonpatronage Equity Certificates		Nonqualified Equity Certificates		Preferred Stock				Capital Reserves		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equities
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balances, November 30, 2024	$	3,707,020	$	27,105	$	2,199,228	$	2,264,038	$	(304,802)	$	2,919,830	$	5,969	$	10,818,388
Reversal of prior fiscal year patronage and redemption estimates	(70,765)		—		(282,431)		—		—		589,196		—		236,000
Distribution of 2024 patronage refunds	75,884		—		283,766		—		—		(589,120)		—		(229,470)
Redemptions of equities	(5,007)		(54)		(1,435)		—		—		—		—		(6,496)
Preferred stock dividends	—		—		—		—		—		(42,167)		—		(42,167)
Other, net	(3)		(16)		(15)		—		—		(6,086)		(515)		(6,635)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		—		(75,754)		(249)		(76,003)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		—		2,450		—		—		2,450
Estimated 2025 cash patronage refunds	—		—		—		—		—		36,859		—		36,859
Estimated 2025 equity redemptions	(18,798)		—		—		—		—		—		—		(18,798)
Balances, February 28, 2025	$	3,688,331	$	27,035	$	2,199,113	$	2,264,038	$	(302,352)	$	2,832,758	$	5,205	$	10,714,128

Changes in equities for the six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, are as follows:


	Equity Certificates								Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
	Capital Equity Certificates		Nonpatronage Equity Certificates		Nonqualified Equity Certificates		Preferred Stock				Capital Reserves		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equities
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balances, August 31, 2025	$	3,743,060	$	26,888	$	2,333,657	$	2,264,038	$	(306,372)	$	3,015,424	$	3,479	$	11,080,174
Reversal of prior fiscal year patronage and redemption estimates	(27,167)		—		(144,101)		—		—		218,210		—		46,942
Distribution of 2025 patronage refunds	54,230		—		144,097		—		—		(217,403)		—		(19,076)
Redemptions of equities	(19,957)		(122)		(7,787)		—		—		—		—		(27,866)
Preferred stock dividends	—		—		—		—		—		(126,501)		—		(126,501)
Other, net	8,087		(498)		(7,508)		—		—		(16,034)		34		(15,919)
Net income (loss)	—		—		—		—		—		113,431		(164)		113,267
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		—		31,734		—		—		31,734
Estimated 2026 cash patronage refunds	—		—		—		—		—		(4,492)		—		(4,492)
Estimated 2026 equity redemptions	(17,968)		—		—		—		—		—		—		(17,968)
Balances, February 28, 2026	$	3,740,285	$	26,268	$	2,318,358	$	2,264,038	$	(274,638)	$	2,982,635	$	3,349	$	11,060,295

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	Equity Certificates								Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
	Capital Equity Certificates		Nonpatronage Equity Certificates		Nonqualified Equity Certificates		Preferred Stock				Capital Reserves		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equities
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balances, August 31, 2024	$	3,753,343	$	27,261	$	2,201,765	$	2,264,038	$	(296,542)	$	2,805,526	$	6,533	$	10,761,924
Reversal of prior fiscal year patronage and redemption estimates	(60,934)		—		(282,431)		—		—		589,196		—		245,831
Distribution of 2024 patronage refunds	75,884		—		283,766		—		—		(589,120)		—		(229,470)
Redemptions of equities	(12,145)		(210)		(3,972)		—		—		—		—		(16,327)
Preferred stock dividends	—		—		—		—		—		(126,501)		—		(126,501)
Other, net	(8)		(16)		(15)		—		—		(3,227)		(1,882)		(5,148)
Net income	—		—		—		—		—		169,036		554		169,590
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		—		(5,810)		—		—		(5,810)
Estimated 2025 cash patronage refunds	—		—		—		—		—		(12,152)		—		(12,152)
Estimated 2025 equity redemptions	(67,809)		—		—		—		—		—		—		(67,809)
Balances, February 28, 2025	$	3,688,331	$	27,035	$	2,199,113	$	2,264,038	$	(302,352)	$	2,832,758	$	5,205	$	10,714,128

Preferred Stock Dividends

The following table presents a summary of dividends declared per share by series of preferred stock for the three and six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025.


		Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
	Nasdaq symbol	2026		2025		2026		2025
Series of preferred stock:		(Dollars per share)
8% Cumulative Redeemable	CHSCP	$	0.50	$	0.50	$	1.50	$	1.50
Class B Cumulative Redeemable, Series 1	CHSCO	$	0.49	$	0.49	$	1.48	$	1.48
Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable, Series 2	CHSCN	$	0.44	$	0.44	$	1.33	$	1.33
Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable, Series 3	CHSCM	$	0.42	$	0.42	$	1.27	$	1.27
Class B Cumulative Redeemable, Series 4	CHSCL	$	0.47	$	0.47	$	1.41	$	1.41

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the three months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, are as follows:


	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits		Cash Flow Hedges		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance as of November 30, 2025, net of tax	$	(197,282)	$	1,503	$	(94,578)	$	(290,357)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	—		125		12,707		12,832
Amounts reclassified	4,574		(495)		—		4,079
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	4,574		(370)		12,707		16,911
Tax effect	(1,110)		90		(172)		(1,192)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	3,464		(280)		12,535		15,719
Balance as of February 28, 2026, net of tax	$	(193,818)	$	1,223	$	(82,043)	$	(274,638)

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	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits		Cash Flow Hedges		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance as of November 30, 2024, net of tax	$	(193,855)	$	3,258	$	(114,205)	$	(304,802)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	—		3,619		(504)		3,115
Amounts reclassified	3,260		(3,277)		—		(17)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	3,260		342		(504)		3,098
Tax effect	(799)		(84)		235		(648)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	2,461		258		(269)		2,450
Balance as of February 28, 2025, net of tax	$	(191,394)	$	3,516	$	(114,474)	$	(302,352)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, are as follows:


	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits		Cash Flow Hedges		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance as of August 31, 2025, net of tax	$	(199,578)	$	2,763	$	(109,557)	$	(306,372)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	—		1,365		27,623		28,988
Amounts reclassified	7,606		(3,399)		—		4,207
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	7,606		(2,034)		27,623		33,195
Tax effect	(1,846)		494		(109)		(1,461)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	5,760		(1,540)		27,514		31,734
Balance as of February 28, 2026, net of tax	$	(193,818)	$	1,223	$	(82,043)	$	(274,638)


	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits		Cash Flow Hedges		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance as of August 31, 2024, net of tax	$	(195,973)	$	1,777	$	(102,346)	$	(296,542)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Amounts before reclassifications	—		9,819		(12,417)		(2,598)
Amounts reclassified	6,065		(7,515)		—		(1,450)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	6,065		2,304		(12,417)		(4,048)
Tax effect	(1,486)		(565)		289		(1,762)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	4,579		1,739		(12,128)		(5,810)
Balance as of February 28, 2025, net of tax	$	(191,394)	$	3,516	$	(114,474)	$	(302,352)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were related to pension and other postretirement benefits, cash flow hedges and foreign currency translation adjustments. Pension and other postretirement reclassifications include amortization of net actuarial loss, prior service credit and transition amounts and are recorded as cost of goods sold and marketing, general and administrative expenses (see Note 9, Benefit Plans, for further information). As described in Note 11, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for cash flow hedges are recorded in cost of goods sold. Gains or losses on foreign currency translation reclassifications are recorded in other income.

Note 9 Benefit Plans

We have various pension and other defined benefit and defined contribution plans, in which substantially all employees may participate. We also have nonqualified supplemental executive and Board of Directors retirement plans.

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Components of net periodic benefit costs for the three months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, are as follows:


	Three Months Ended February 28,
	Qualified Pension Benefits				Nonqualified Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	2026		2025		2026		2025		2026		2025
Components of net periodic benefit costs:	(Dollars in thousands)
Service cost	$	11,348	$	10,932	$	831	$	757	$	210	$	211
Interest cost	9,027		8,725		335		289		281		285
Expected return on assets	(12,579)		(11,744)		—		—		—		—
Prior service (credit) cost amortization	(149)		50		(8)		(12)		(111)		(111)
Actuarial loss (gain) amortization	4,125		3,204		246		200		(299)		(309)

Net periodic benefit cost	$	11,772	$	11,167	$	1,404	$	1,234	$	81	$	76

	Six Months Ended February 28,
	Qualified Pension Benefits				Nonqualified Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	2026		2025		2026		2025		2026		2025
Components of net periodic benefit costs:	(Dollars in thousands)
Service cost	$	22,695	$	21,864	$	1,663	$	1,514	$	420	$	422
Interest cost	18,053		17,449		670		577		563		570
Expected return on assets	(25,158)		(23,488)		—		—		—		—
Prior service (credit) cost amortization	(298)		100		(15)		(24)		(223)		(223)
Actuarial loss (gain) amortization	8,249		6,408		491		400		(599)		(617)

Net periodic benefit cost	$	23,541	$	22,333	$	2,809	$	2,467	$	161	$	152

Employer Contributions

Contributions depend primarily on market returns on the pension plan assets and minimum funding level requirements. No contributions were made to the pension plans during the six months ended February 28, 2026, and we do not anticipate being required to make contributions to our pension plans in fiscal 2026, although we may voluntarily elect to do so.

Note 10 Segment Reporting

We are an integrated agricultural cooperative, providing grain, food, agronomy and energy resources to businesses and consumers on a global basis. We provide a wide variety of products and services, from initial agricultural inputs such as fuels, farm supplies, crop nutrients and crop protection products, to agricultural outputs that include grain and oilseed, processed grain and oilseed, renewable fuels and food products.

Effective September 1, 2025, we implemented a new product-line operating model, which changed the manner in which our chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), our Chief Executive Officer, evaluates performance and allocates resources in managing the business. As a result of this change, all prior period segment information has been recast to conform to the current year presentation. We define our operating segments in accordance with ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, and have three reportable segments: Energy, Grains and Agronomy. The primary measure of segment profit or loss used by our CODM to regularly evaluate financial performance, make key operating decisions and determine resource allocation of and among each operating segment is income before income taxes ("IBIT"). Our CODM regularly reviews discrete financial information, including IBIT, that compares actual results to the prior period, current period budget and current period forecast by each reportable segment. We have identified our significant segment expenses as cost of goods sold ("COGS") and marketing, general and administrative expenses. Total assets is not a measure by which the CODM assesses our performance or allocates resources, and asset information is therefore not included within our segment reporting disclosures.

•The Energy segment consists of our wholesale and retail activities within the refined fuels, propane and lubricants product lines. The refined fuels product line includes petroleum refining, pipelines and terminals and markets gasoline, diesel fuel and renewable fuels under the Cenex® brand to member cooperatives and other independent retailers. The lubricants product line includes the blending, sale and distribution of primarily Cenex® brand lubricants, and the propane product line markets propane and other natural gas liquids through wholesale and retail market channels. Previously, this segment included our transportation services business, which is now reported under Corporate and Services.

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•The Grains segment comprises our global grain marketing and processing activities as part of the feed grains, oilseeds, wheat, specialty grains and animal nutrition product lines. The Grains segment connects producers to domestic and global grain markets through a broad origination and distribution network. It markets commodities such as wheat, corn, ethanol, soybeans, oilseeds and specialty grains. The segment operates grain facilities and trading offices across five continents, serving processors, food manufacturers and renewable fuel producers. Further, the Grains segment produces ethanol and is one of the nation's largest suppliers of ethanol inputs into gasoline products, while also specializing in soybean and canola processing. These results had been included within the former Ag segment.

•The Agronomy segment consists of our wholesale and retail agronomy activities within the crop nutrients and crop protection product lines. The Agronomy segment provides crop inputs and agronomy services to farmers, member cooperatives and retailers. It offers crop nutrients, crop protection products and seed, including both proprietary and third-party brands. The Agronomy segment also includes our Nitrogen Production business consisting of our equity method investment in CF Nitrogen. Our supply agreement with CF Nitrogen requires us to purchase a specified quantity of granular urea and urea ammonium nitrate annually from CF Nitrogen. These results had been included within the former Ag and Nitrogen Production segments.

•Our ag retail business, which was included in our former Ag segment, is now incorporated into the Energy, Grains and Agronomy segments based on the specific products sold and their relevant product lines.

The Company's remaining operations are not reportable segments, as defined by the applicable accounting standard, and are classified within Corporate and Services. Corporate and Services primarily represents our financing and hedging businesses, which provide services to our members and consist of a financial services business and a U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission-regulated futures commission merchant ("FCM") for agricultural commodities hedging. Our nonconsolidated investments in Ventura Foods, LLC, and Ardent Mills, LLC ("Ardent Mills"), are also included in our Corporate and Services category. All other nonconsolidated investments are included in our Energy, Grains and Agronomy segments.

Corporate administrative expenses and interest are allocated to each reportable segment and Corporate and Services, based on direct use of services, such as information technology and legal, and other factors or considerations relevant to the costs incurred.

Many of our business activities are highly seasonal and our operating results vary throughout the year. Our revenues and IBIT generally trend lower during the second fiscal quarter and increase in the third fiscal quarter. Our retail business, which offers products and services across the Energy, Grains and Agronomy segments, primarily experiences higher volumes and revenues during the fall harvest and spring planting seasons, which generally correspond to our first and third fiscal quarters, respectively, and our global grain and processing operations within Grains are subject to fluctuations in volume and revenues based on producer harvests, world grain prices, demand and international trade relationships. Additionally, our Agronomy segment generally experiences higher volumes and revenues during the spring planting season. Our Energy segment typically experiences higher volumes and revenues in certain operating areas, such as refined fuel products, in the spring, summer and early fall when gasoline and diesel fuel use by agricultural producers is highest and is subject to global supply and demand forces. Other energy products, such as propane, generally experience higher volumes and revenues during the winter heating and fall crop-drying seasons.

Our revenues, assets and cash flows can be significantly affected by global market prices for commodities such as petroleum products, natural gas, grain, oilseed, crop nutrients, edible oils and flour. Changes in market prices for commodities that we purchase without a corresponding change in the selling prices of those products can affect revenues and operating earnings. Commodity prices are affected by a wide range of factors beyond our control, including weather; crop damage due to plant disease or insects; drought; availability and adequacy of supply; demand variability; availability of reliable rail, river, truck and ocean transportation networks; outbreaks of disease; government regulations and policies; global trade disputes; global competition; wars and civil unrest; and general political and economic conditions.

While our revenues and operating results are derived primarily from businesses and operations that are wholly owned or subsidiaries and limited liability companies in which we have a controlling interest, a portion of our business operations are conducted through companies in which we do not have a controlling interest or do not control the operations. We account for these investments primarily using the equity method of accounting, wherein we record our proportionate share of income or loss reported by the entity as equity income from investments, without consolidating the revenues and expenses of the entity in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. In our Agronomy segment, this primarily consists of our approximate 8.38% membership interest (based on product tons) in CF Nitrogen. In Corporate and Services, this principally includes our 50% ownership in Ventura Foods and our 12% ownership in Ardent Mills. See Note 5, Investments, for more information related to our equity method investments.

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Reconciling amounts represent the elimination of revenues between segments. Such transactions are executed at market prices to more accurately evaluate the profitability of the individual business segments.

Segment information for the three and six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, is presented in the tables below.


	Energy		Grains		Agronomy		Total Reportable Segments		Corporate and Services		Reconciling Amounts		Total
Three Months Ended February 28, 2026	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues, including intersegment revenues	$	2,110,316	$	5,179,956	$	1,043,541	$	8,333,813	$	96,381	$	(76,403)	$	8,353,791
Intersegment revenues	(18,747)		(2,868)		(11,468)		(33,083)		(43,320)		76,403		—
Revenues, net of intersegment revenues	$	2,091,569	$	5,177,088	$	1,032,073	$	8,300,730	$	53,061	$	—	$	8,353,791
Cost of goods sold (a)	2,142,197		5,144,078		1,014,296		8,300,571		27,402		—		8,327,973
Marketing, general and administrative expenses	85,957		86,581		74,581		247,119		20,490		—		267,609
Interest expense	1,016		10,092		32,055		43,163		5,642		(5,048)		43,757
Other losses (income)	243		(21,739)		(14,521)		(36,017)		(3,988)		5,048		(34,957)
Equity (income) losses from investments	(4,202)		(23,988)		(62,846)		(91,036)		5,422		—		(85,614)
Loss before income taxes	$	(133,642)	$	(17,936)	$	(11,492)	$	(163,070)	$	(1,907)	$	—	$	(164,977)

Capital expenditures (b)	$	46,300	$	41,509	$	13,335	$	101,144	$	10,767	$	—	$	111,911
Depreciation and amortization	$	103,838	$	45,989	$	19,282	$	169,109	$	3,519	$	—	$	172,628

	Energy		Grains		Agronomy		Total Reportable Segments		Corporate and Services		Reconciling Amounts		Total
Three Months Ended February 28, 2025	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues, including intersegment revenues	$	1,917,397	$	4,975,366	$	945,335	$	7,838,098	$	89,020	$	(130,927)	$	7,796,191
Intersegment revenues	(102,555)		619		(226)		(102,162)		(28,765)		130,927		—
Revenues, net of intersegment revenues	$	1,814,842	$	4,975,985	$	945,109	$	7,735,936	$	60,255	$	—	$	7,796,191
Cost of goods sold (a)	1,818,633		4,937,014		923,205		7,678,852		41,024		—		7,719,876
Marketing, general and administrative expenses	78,979		85,964		66,718		231,661		16,607		—		248,268
Interest expense	(1,467)		8,777		22,357		29,667		2,958		(7,420)		25,205
Other losses (income)	312		(33,421)		(3,964)		(37,073)		9,277		7,420		(20,376)
Equity income from investments	(2,149)		(13,956)		(51,849)		(67,954)		(24,116)		—		(92,070)
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(79,466)	$	(8,393)	$	(11,358)	$	(99,217)	$	14,505	$	—	$	(84,712)

Capital expenditures (b)	$	84,128	$	92,084	$	21,957	$	198,169	$	1,400	$	—	$	199,569
Depreciation and amortization	$	86,664	$	51,992	$	14,589	$	153,245	$	1,784	$	—	$	155,029

(a) Cost of goods sold is presented net of intersegment cost of goods sold.

(b) Includes amounts related to acquisition of property, plant and equipment and expenditures for major maintenance.

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	Energy		Grains		Agronomy		Total Reportable Segments		Corporate and Services		Reconciling Amounts		Total
Six Months Ended February 28, 2026	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues, including intersegment revenues	$	4,478,104	$	10,398,857	$	2,288,052	$	17,165,013	$	176,773	$	(123,891)	$	17,217,895
Intersegment revenues	(21,658)		(6,415)		(17,974)		(46,047)		(77,844)		123,891		—
Revenues, net of intersegment revenues	$	4,456,446	$	10,392,442	$	2,270,078	$	17,118,966	$	98,929	$	—	$	17,217,895
Cost of goods sold (a)	4,270,737		10,271,920		2,212,143		16,754,800		47,925		—		16,802,725
Marketing, general and administrative expenses	167,455		178,726		151,061		497,242		38,487		—		535,729
Interest expense	295		35,307		55,397		90,999		6,140		(16,031)		81,108
Other losses (income)	354		(60,096)		(16,790)		(76,532)		(9,312)		16,031		(69,813)
Equity income from investments	(1,100)		(51,721)		(157,045)		(209,866)		(29,199)		—		(239,065)
Income before income taxes	$	18,705	$	18,306	$	25,312	$	62,323	$	44,888	$	—	$	107,211

Capital expenditures (b)	$	69,264	$	111,102	$	22,386	$	202,752	$	29,141	$	—	$	231,893
Depreciation and amortization	$	205,417	$	91,810	$	39,261	$	336,488	$	6,976	$	—	$	343,464

	Energy		Grains		Agronomy		Total Reportable Segments		Corporate and Services		Reconciling Amounts		Total
Six Months Ended February 28, 2025	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues, including intersegment revenues	$	4,217,802	$	10,655,225	$	2,209,538	$	17,082,565	$	181,215	$	(173,477)	$	17,090,303
Intersegment revenues	(106,490)		(68)		(395)		(106,953)		(66,524)		173,477		—
Revenues, net of intersegment revenues	$	4,111,312	$	10,655,157	$	2,209,143	$	16,975,612	$	114,691	$	—	$	17,090,303
Cost of goods sold (a)	4,022,338		10,391,265		2,131,258		16,544,861		68,451		—		16,613,312
Marketing, general and administrative expenses	161,928		179,073		133,451		474,452		36,666		—		511,118
Interest expense	(3,533)		18,798		46,965		62,230		3,802		(13,179)		52,853
Other (income) losses	(4,215)		(44,616)		(12,857)		(61,688)		1,769		13,179		(46,740)
Equity income from investments	(1,464)		(47,970)		(106,423)		(155,857)		(58,508)		—		(214,365)
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(63,742)	$	158,607	$	16,749	$	111,614	$	62,511	$	—	$	174,125

Capital expenditures (b)	$	171,732	$	187,562	$	39,847	$	399,141	$	4,161	$	—	$	403,302
Depreciation and amortization	$	173,249	$	98,210	$	27,786	$	299,245	$	3,467	$	—	$	302,712

(a) Cost of goods sold is presented net of intersegment cost of goods sold.

(b) Includes amounts related to acquisition of property, plant and equipment and expenditures for major maintenance.

Note 11 Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

We enter into various derivative instruments to manage our exposure to movements primarily associated with agricultural and energy commodity prices and, to a lesser degree, foreign currency exchange rates. Except for certain cash-settled swaps related to future crude oil purchases and refined product sales, which are accounted for as cash flow hedges, our derivative instruments represent economic hedges of price risk for which hedge accounting under ASC Topic 815 is not applied. Rather, the derivative instruments are recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value being recorded directly to earnings, primarily within cost of goods sold in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 12, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information. The majority of our exchange-traded agricultural commodity futures are settled daily through CHS Hedging, LLC, our wholly-owned FCM.

Derivative assets and liabilities with maturities of less than 12 months are recorded in other current assets and other current liabilities, respectively, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of current derivative assets recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, was $267.7 million and $177.2 million, respectively. The amount of current derivative liabilities recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance

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Sheets as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, was $367.4 million and $178.0 million, respectively. Derivative assets and liabilities with maturities greater than 12 months are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of long-term derivative assets recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, was $5.4 million and $2.0 million, respectively. The amount of long-term derivative liabilities recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, was $1.3 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The following tables present the gross fair values of derivative assets, derivative liabilities and related margin deposits (cash collateral) recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, along with related amounts permitted to be offset in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Although we have certain netting arrangements for our exchange-traded futures and options contracts and certain over-the-counter ("OTC") contracts, we have elected to report our derivative instruments on a gross basis on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets under ASC Topic 210-20, Balance Sheet-Offsetting.


	February 28, 2026
			Amounts Not Offset on Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet but Eligible for Offsetting
	Gross Amount Recognized		Cash Collateral		Derivative Instruments		Net Amount
Derivative assets	(Dollars in thousands)

Commodity derivatives	$	191,894	$	—	$	47,775	$	144,119
Foreign exchange derivatives	79,046		—		7,068		71,978

Total	$	270,940	$	—	$	54,843	$	216,097
Derivative liabilities
Commodity derivatives	$	333,249	$	528	$	48,327	$	284,394
Foreign exchange derivatives	34,608		—		7,068		27,540

Total	$	367,857	$	528	$	55,395	$	311,934


	August 31, 2025
			Amounts Not Offset on Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet but Eligible for Offsetting
	Gross Amount Recognized		Cash Collateral		Derivative Instruments		Net Amount
Derivative assets	(Dollars in thousands)

Commodity derivatives	$	130,491	$	—	$	10,715	$	119,776
Foreign exchange derivatives	43,527		—		9,379		34,148

Total	$	174,018	$	—	$	20,094	$	153,924
Derivative liabilities
Commodity derivatives	$	166,122	$	232	$	10,715	$	155,175
Foreign exchange derivatives	11,771		—		9,379		2,392
Total	$	177,893	$	232	$	20,094	$	157,567

The following table sets forth the pretax gains (losses) on derivatives not accounted for as hedging instruments that have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025.


		Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
	Location of Gain (Loss)	2026		2025		2026		2025
		(Dollars in thousands)
Commodity derivatives	Cost of goods sold	$	(105,783)	$	(22,912)	$	(118,619)	$	49,544
Foreign exchange derivatives	Cost of goods sold	16,490		12,851		10,486		4,010
Foreign exchange derivatives	Marketing, general and administrative expenses	724		2,191		956		(68)

Total		$	(88,569)	$	(7,870)	$	(107,177)	$	53,486

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Commodity Contracts

As of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, we had outstanding commodity futures and options contracts that were used as economic hedges, as well as fixed-price forward contracts related to physical purchases and sales of commodities. The table below presents the notional volumes for all outstanding commodity contracts.


	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025
	Long	Short	Long	Short
	(Units in thousands)
Grain and oilseed (bushels)	550,655	935,048	468,345	702,025
Energy products (barrels)	15,056	14,538	10,059	6,687
Processed grain and oilseed (tons)	1,229	2,714	1,168	2,429
Crop nutrients (tons)	9	37	29	32

Natural gas (metric million Btu)	420	—	180	—

Foreign Exchange Contracts

We conduct a substantial portion of our business in U.S. dollars, but we are exposed to risks relating to foreign currency fluctuations, primarily due to global grain marketing transactions in South America, the Asia Pacific region and Europe and purchases of products from Canada. We use foreign currency derivative instruments to mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations. Although CHS has some risk exposure relating to foreign currency transactions, a larger impact with exchange rate fluctuations is the ability of foreign buyers to purchase U.S. agricultural products and the competitiveness of U.S. agricultural products compared to the same products offered by alternative sources of world supply. The notional amount of our foreign exchange derivative contracts was $1.8 billion and $1.7 billion as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, respectively.

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

Certain pay-fixed, receive-variable, cash-settled swaps are designated as cash flow hedges of future crude oil purchases in our Energy segment. We also designate certain pay-variable, receive-fixed, cash-settled swaps as cash flow hedges of future refined energy product sales. These hedging instruments and the related hedged items are exposed to significant market price risk and potential volatility. As part of our risk management strategy, we look to hedge a portion of our expected future crude oil needs and the resulting refined product output based on prevailing futures prices, management's expectations about future commodity price changes and our risk appetite. We may also elect to dedesignate certain derivative instruments previously designated as cash flow hedges as part of our risk management strategy. Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income for these dedesignated derivative instruments remain in other comprehensive income and are recognized in earnings in the period in which the underlying transactions affect earnings. The aggregate notional amounts of cash flow hedges were 6.0 million and 5.1 million barrels as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, respectively.

The following table presents the fair value of our commodity derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges and the locations on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in which they are recorded.


	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
Balance Sheet Location	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025		Balance Sheet Location	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025
	(Dollars in thousands)					(Dollars in thousands)
Other current assets	$	2,138	$	5,197	Other current liabilities	$	846	$	1,786

The following table presents the pretax gains (losses) recorded in other comprehensive income relating to cash flow hedges for the three and six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025.


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commodity derivatives	$	(537)	$	6	$	(2,119)	$	1,829

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The following table presents the pretax gains relating to our existing cash flow hedges that were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025.


		Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
	Location of Gain	2026		2025		2026		2025
		(Dollars in thousands)
Commodity derivatives	Cost of goods sold	$	700	$	3,568	$	3,895	$	8,097

Note 12 Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, defines fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction among the market participants on the measurement date.

We determine fair values of derivative instruments and certain other assets based on the fair value hierarchy established in ASC Topic 820, which requires an entity to maximize use of observable inputs and minimize use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. ASC Topic 820 describes three levels within its hierarchy that may be used to measure fair value. Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity for the assets or liabilities. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input significant to the fair value measurement.

Recurring fair value measurements as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, are as follows:


	February 28, 2026
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets	(Dollars in thousands)

Commodity derivatives	$	853	$	193,179	$	—	$	194,032
Foreign exchange derivatives	—		79,046		—		79,046




Segregated investments and marketable securities	33,028		125,610		—		158,638
Time deposits	—		148,211		—		148,211
Money market funds	108,190		—		—		108,190
Other assets	34,874		—		—		34,874
Total	$	176,945	$	546,046	$	—	$	722,991
Liabilities
Commodity derivatives	$	1,186	$	332,909	$	—	$	334,095
Foreign exchange derivatives	—		34,608		—		34,608

Total	$	1,186	$	367,517	$	—	$	368,703

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	August 31, 2025
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets	(Dollars in thousands)

Commodity derivatives	$	3,153	$	132,535	$	—	$	135,688
Foreign exchange derivatives	—		43,527		—		43,527




Segregated investments and marketable securities	34,303		135,675		—		169,978
Money market funds	78,393		—		—		78,393
Other assets	32,139		—		—		32,139
Total	$	147,988	$	311,737	$	—	$	459,725
Liabilities
Commodity derivatives	$	1,110	$	166,798	$	—	$	167,908
Foreign exchange derivatives	—		11,771		—		11,771

Total	$	1,110	$	178,569	$	—	$	179,679

Commodity and foreign exchange derivatives. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified within Level 1. Our forward commodity purchase and sales contracts with fixed-price components, select ocean freight contracts and other OTC derivatives are determined using inputs that are generally based on exchange-traded prices and/or recent market bids and offers, including location-specific adjustments, and are classified within Level 2. Location-specific inputs are driven by local market supply and demand and are generally based on broker or dealer quotations or market transactions in either listed or OTC markets. Changes in the fair values of these contracts are recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of cost of goods sold.

Segregated investments and marketable securities. Our segregated investments and marketable securities primarily include investments in U.S. Treasury securities, common stock and various government agency obligations.

Time deposits, money market funds and other assets. Our time deposits, money market funds and other assets primarily include investments in foreign time deposits with original maturities greater than 90 days, money market sweep accounts and rabbi trust assets.

U.S. Treasury securities, common stock, money market sweep accounts and rabbi trust assets are valued using quoted market prices and classified within Level 1. Investments in time deposits and various government agency obligations are valued using quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets and classified within Level 2.

Note 13 Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental

We are required to comply with various environmental laws and regulations applicable to our normal business operations. To meet our compliance requirements, we establish reserves for future costs of remediation associated with identified issues that are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Estimates of environmental costs are based on current available facts, existing technology, undiscounted site-specific costs and currently enacted laws and regulations and are included in cost of goods sold and marketing, general and administrative expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Recoveries, if any, are recorded in the period in which recovery is received. Liabilities are monitored and adjusted as new facts or changes in laws or technology occur. The resolution of any such matters may affect consolidated net income for any fiscal period; however, we currently believe any resulting liabilities, individually or in aggregate, will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows for any fiscal year.

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Other Litigation and Claims

We are involved as a defendant in various lawsuits, claims and disputes, which are in the normal course of our business. The resolution of any such matters may affect consolidated net income for any fiscal period; however, we currently believe any resulting liabilities, individually or in aggregate, will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows for any fiscal year.

Guarantees

We are a guarantor for lines of credit and performance obligations of related, nonconsolidated companies. Our bank covenants allow maximum guarantees of $1.1 billion, of which $178.8 million were outstanding on February 28, 2026. We have collateral for a portion of these contingent obligations. We have not recorded a liability related to the contingent obligations as we do not expect to pay out any cash related to them, and the fair values are considered immaterial. The underlying loans to the counterparties for which we provide these guarantees were current as of February 28, 2026.

Note 14 Supplemental Balance Sheet

Other current assets; property, plant, and equipment, net; and other current liabilities as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, are as follows:


	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025
Other current assets	(Dollars in thousands)

Derivative assets (Note 11)	$	267,685	$	177,231
Margin and related deposits	205,775		183,817
Prepaid expenses	201,326		204,826
Supplier advance payments	559,751		104,866
Restricted cash	75,194		71,434
Other	207,562		59,416
Total other current assets	$	1,517,293	$	801,590

Property, plant, and equipment
Property, plant, and equipment	$	12,336,813	$	12,170,231
Accumulated depreciation	(6,905,066)		(6,668,937)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	5,431,747	$	5,501,294

Other current liabilities
Customer margin deposits and credit balances	$	103,591	$	94,148
Customer advance payments	853,934		233,804
Derivative liabilities (Note 11)	367,433		178,017
Dividends and equity payable	118,080		120,000
Total other current liabilities	$	1,443,038	$	625,969

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management regarding our financial condition and results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Our MD&A is presented in the following sections:

•Overview

•Business Strategy

•Fiscal 2026 Second Quarter Highlights

•Fiscal 2026 Trends Update

•Operating Metrics

•Results of Operations

•Liquidity and Capital Resources

•Critical Accounting Policies

•Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2025 (including the information presented therein under Risk Factors), as well as the condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

CHS Inc. is a diversified company that provides grain, food, agronomy and energy resources to businesses and consumers on a global scale. As a cooperative, we are owned by farmers, ranchers and member cooperatives across the United States. We also have preferred shareholders who own our five series of preferred stock, all of which are listed and traded on the Global Select Market of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq").

Effective September 1, 2025, we changed the internal financial information reviewed by our chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), our Chief Executive Officer, to evaluate performance and allocate resources to our operating segments. As a result of this change, all prior period segment information has been recast to conform to the current year presentation. We have three reportable segments: Energy, Grains and Agronomy.

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The Company's remaining operations are not reportable segments, as defined by the applicable accounting standard, and are classified within Corporate and Services. Corporate and Services primarily represents our financing and hedging businesses, which provide services to our members and consist of a financial services business and a U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission-regulated futures commission merchant ("FCM") for agricultural commodities hedging. Our nonconsolidated investments in Ventura Foods, LLC ("Ventura Foods"), and Ardent Mills, LLC ("Ardent Mills"), are also included in our Corporate and Services category. All other nonconsolidated investments are included in our Energy, Grains and Agronomy segments.

Management's Focus. When evaluating our operating performance, management focuses on gross profit and income before income taxes ("IBIT"). As a company that operates heavily in global commodities, there is significant unpredictability and volatility in pricing, costs and global trade volumes. Consequently, we focus on managing the margin we can earn and the resulting IBIT. We also focus on ensuring balance sheet strength through appropriate management of financial liquidity, leverage, capital allocation and cash flow optimization.

Seasonality. Many of our business activities are highly seasonal and our operating results vary throughout the year. Our revenues and IBIT generally trend lower during the second fiscal quarter and increase in the third fiscal quarter. For example, in our Grains segment, our retail business generally experiences higher volumes and revenues during the fall harvest and spring planting seasons, which generally correspond to our first and third fiscal quarters, respectively, and our global grain and processing operations within Grains are subject to fluctuations in volumes and revenues based on producer harvests, world grain prices, global demand and international trade relationships. Our Agronomy segment generally experiences higher volumes and revenues during the spring planting season. Our Energy segment generally experiences higher volumes and revenues in certain operating areas, such as refined fuel products, in the spring, summer and early fall when gasoline and diesel fuel use by agricultural producers is highest and is subject to global supply and demand forces. Other energy products, such as propane, generally experience higher volumes and revenues during the winter heating and fall crop-drying seasons. The tables below demonstrate the historical trend of seasonality inherent in our businesses.


Quarterly revenues as a percentage of annual total	Fiscal Year 2025		Fiscal Year 2024		Fiscal Year 2023		3-Year Average
Q1	26	%	29	%	28	%	28	%
Q2	22	%	23	%	25	%	23	%
Q3	28	%	25	%	26	%	26	%
Q4	24	%	23	%	21	%	23	%


Quarterly IBIT as a percentage of annual total	Fiscal Year 2025		Fiscal Year 2024		Fiscal Year 2023		3-Year Average
Q1	42	%	47	%	41	%	43	%
Q2	(14)	%	17	%	16	%	6	%
Q3	42	%	28	%	28	%	33	%
Q4	30	%	8	%	15	%	18	%

Pricing and Volumes. Our revenues, assets and cash flows can be significantly affected by global market prices and sales volumes of commodities such as petroleum products, natural gas, grain, oilseed products and agronomy products. Changes in market prices for commodities we purchase without a corresponding change in the selling prices of those products can affect revenues and operating earnings. Similarly, increased or decreased sales volumes without a corresponding change in the purchase and selling prices of those products can affect revenues and operating earnings. Commodity prices and sales volumes are affected by a wide range of factors beyond our control, including weather; crop damage due to plant disease or insects; drought; availability/adequacy of supply of a commodity; availability of reliable rail, river, truck and ocean transportation networks; disease outbreaks; government regulations and policies; global trade disputes; global competition; wars and civil unrest; and general political and/or economic conditions.

Business Strategy

Our business strategies focus on an enterprisewide effort to create an experience that empowers customers to make CHS their first choice, expand market access to add value for our owners and transform and evolve our core businesses by capitalizing on changing market dynamics. To execute these strategies, we are focused on implementing agile, efficient and sustainable technology platforms; building robust and efficient supply chains; hiring, developing and retaining high-performing, diverse and passionate teams; achieving operational excellence and continuous improvement; and maintaining a strong balance sheet.

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Fiscal 2026 Second Quarter Highlights

•In our Energy segment, significantly higher renewable energy credits expenses and unfavorable hedging results offset strong operational execution and improved crack spreads.

•Continued headwinds in Grains, including weaker soy and canola crush margins, were partially offset by stronger feed grains export volumes and retail margins.

•Decreased sales volumes in crop nutrients and crop protection product lines, due to a weaker U.S. farm economy, were partially offset by continued strong performance from our CF Nitrogen joint venture in our Agronomy segment.

Fiscal 2026 Trends Update

Our segments operate in cyclical environments in which market conditions can change rapidly with significant positive or negative impacts on our results. We anticipate various macroeconomic factors will continue to drive uncertainty and instability in global energy and agricultural commodity markets, as well as global financial markets, which could have a significant impact on each of our segments during fiscal 2026. These factors include, among others, the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine and conflict in the Middle East, including Iran, and other regions; shifts in global trade flows for commodities, including global economic impacts from supply disruptions associated with the conflict with Iran and access to the Strait of Hormuz; global competitiveness giving rise to a weak export market for U.S.-sourced agricultural products; potential changes in U.S. trade policy, including increased or fluctuating tariffs; a changing interest rate environment; and continued pricing pressures impacting costs of labor, freight and materials. These factors, or any form of them, could cause significant margin pressure and lower profitability. However, to mitigate these impacts, we evaluate the economic environment and adjust our operations and business strategies appropriately to help improve our position in the market. In addition to these broad macroeconomic factors, other factors could impact demand and pricing for agricultural inputs and outputs, as well as our ability to supply those inputs and outputs while remaining profitable. These include the cost of renewable energy credits, the prices of which have been volatile in recent years and could positively or negatively impact our profitability. For example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") issued a renewable volume obligation ("RVO") in March 2026, which, as discussed in the MD&A Operating Metrics section, creates price uncertainty and volatility, while also potentially significantly increasing the cost of our compliance with the program. Given the nature of our business, market dynamics and other mechanisms, it is possible the potential RVO compliance costs may be partially or wholly offset by certain other opportunities in both our Energy and Grains businesses, but it is unknown if those opportunities will materialize in the future. Additional factors that could impact demand and pricing of agricultural inputs and outputs include a weaker farm economy and regional factors, such as unpredictable weather conditions, including those due to climate change. We currently expect global economic factors impacting energy and agricultural commodities to be volatile and have the potential to be headwinds or tailwinds dependent on future global market conditions as they evolve throughout the remainder of fiscal 2026. Further, in light of uncertainty in the markets we serve, we are unable to predict how long the current environment will last or the significance of the financial and operational impacts to us; however, we currently expect the trend of volatile energy and agricultural commodities to persist throughout fiscal 2026. Refer to Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2025, for additional considerations these and other risks may have on our business operations and financial performance.

We will continue to execute our enterprise priorities for fiscal 2026, including maximizing our segments through our integrated supply chains and capitalizing on domestic and global opportunities, as we navigate uncertain market conditions for energy and agricultural commodities.

Operating Metrics

Energy

Our Energy segment operations primarily include our refineries in Laurel, Montana, and McPherson, Kansas, which process crude oil to produce refined products, including gasoline, distillates and other products. To ensure the reliability of our refineries, we perform major maintenance activities every two to five years, which require a temporary shutdown of operations. These planned shutdowns allow us to extend the life, increase the capacity and improve the safety and efficiency of our refinery processing assets. They also minimize unplanned business interruptions and are essential to the long-term reliability and profitability of our Energy segment.

During periods of maintenance, utilization rates, throughput volumes and refined fuel yields are lower, and we may purchase refined petroleum products from third parties to meet the needs of our customers. These third-party purchases may result in lower margins than for products produced by our refineries, which reduces our profitability.

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The following table provides information about our consolidated refinery operations.


	Three Months Ended February 28,		Six Months Ended February 28,
	2026	2025	2026	2025
Refinery throughput volumes	(Barrels per day)
Heavy, high-sulfur crude oil	111,345	106,692	112,043	108,521
All other crude oil	71,090	67,369	71,630	68,346
Other feedstocks and blendstocks	17,811	14,095	18,715	16,292
Total refinery throughput volumes	200,246	188,156	202,388	193,159
Refined fuel yields
Gasolines	92,712	87,303	94,681	90,638
Distillates	89,107	83,054	89,187	84,796

We are subject to the Renewable Fuel Standard that requires refiners to blend renewable fuels (e.g., ethanol and biodiesel) into their finished transportation fuels or purchase renewable energy credits, known as renewable identification numbers ("RINs"), in lieu of blending. The EPA generally establishes new annual renewable fuel percentage standards for each compliance year in the preceding year. In March 2026, the EPA issued a final RVO for calendar years 2026 and 2027 that increased the renewable fuel percentage standards compared with the previous RVO. The new RVO represents the highest blending obligation ever issued by the EPA.

We generate RINs through our blending activities, but we cannot generate enough RINs to meet the needs of our refining capacity; therefore, RINs must be purchased on the open market. The price of RINs can be volatile, with prices for D6 ethanol RINs and D4 biodiesel RINs both increasing by approximately 72% during the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the same period during the prior fiscal year. The final RVO has impacted the demand for RINs, and we expect continued price volatility with the potential for further RINs price increases in fiscal 2026 and beyond. Estimates of our RINs expenses are calculated using an average of RINs prices each month.

In addition to our internal operational reliability, the profitability of our Energy segment is largely driven by crack spreads (i.e., the price differential between refined products and crude oil inputs) and Western Canadian Select ("WCS") crude oil discounts (i.e., the price discount for WCS crude oil relative to West Texas Intermediate ("WTI") crude oil), which are driven by supply and demand of refined products. Supply and demand in the global and North American refined product markets resulted in increased crack spreads during both the three and six months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the same periods of the prior year. The table below provides information about average market reference prices and differentials that impacted our Energy segment.


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
Market indicators
WTI crude oil (dollars per barrel)	$	60.81	$	72.00	$	60.93	$	71.06
WTI - WCS crude oil discount (dollars per barrel)	$	12.88	$	12.11	$	12.12	$	12.58
Group 3 2:1:1 crack spread (dollars per barrel)*	$	17.04	$	14.31	$	21.82	$	15.59
Group 3 5:3:2 crack spread (dollars per barrel)*	$	15.09	$	13.44	$	19.79	$	14.79
D6 ethanol RIN (dollars per RIN)	$	1.2076	$	0.7025	$	1.1031	$	0.6828
D4 biodiesel RIN (dollars per RIN)	$	1.2536	$	0.7276	$	1.1363	$	0.6954

*Group 3 refers to the oil refining and distribution system serving Midwest markets from the Gulf Coast through the Plains states.

Grains

Our Grains segment is primarily composed of our global grain marketing, processing and retail grains activities for our feed grains, oilseeds, wheat, specialty grains and animal nutrition product lines. The Grains segment connects producers to domestic and global grain markets through a broad origination and distribution network and markets commodities such as wheat, corn, soybeans, oilseeds and specialty grains. We operate grain facilities and trading offices across five continents, serving processors, food manufacturers and renewable fuel producers. Profitability in our Grains segment is largely driven by throughput and production volumes, as well as commodity price spreads; however, revenues and cost of goods sold ("COGS") are largely affected by market-driven commodity prices and weather-related conditions outside our control.

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The table below provides information about average market prices for agricultural commodities, as well as sales and throughput volumes that impacted our Grains segment.


		Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
	Market Source*	2026		2025		2026		2025
Commodity prices
Corn (dollars per bushel)	Chicago Board of Trade	$	4.36	$	4.65	$	4.32	$	4.42
Soybeans (dollars per bushel)	Chicago Board of Trade	$	10.84	$	10.17	$	10.82	$	10.13
Wheat (dollars per bushel)	Chicago Board of Trade	$	5.45	$	5.49	$	5.35	$	5.56
Ethanol (dollars per gallon)	Chicago Platts	$	1.66	$	1.68	$	1.77	$	1.66

Volumes
Grain and oilseed (thousands of bushels)		623,484		573,766		1,296,764		1,201,791
North American grain and oilseed port throughput (thousands of bushels)		265,709		184,162		519,426		385,631
Ethanol (thousands of gallons)		159,609		143,265		324,730		280,012

*Market source information represents the average week-end or month-end price during the period.

Agronomy

Our Agronomy segment is primarily composed of our wholesale and retail agronomy activities within our crop nutrients and crop protection product lines. This segment provides innovative agriculture solutions to farmers and retailers. Dedicated to supporting farmer success with effective agronomy practices, we offer crop nutrients, crop protection products and seed, including both proprietary and third-party brands. Our Agronomy segment includes our Nitrogen Production business consisting of our equity method investment in CF Nitrogen. Products in the Agronomy segment are supported by wholesale and retail channels from investment in domestic manufacturing and strategic relationships with suppliers around the world. Profitability in our Agronomy segment is largely driven by the relationship between global and regional supply and demand for the underlying products and raw materials, costs of inputs used in the fertilizer manufacturing process and strength of the agricultural industry throughout the trade territories in which we operate. The table below provides information about average market prices for agricultural commodities, as well as sales and throughput volumes for our Agronomy segment.


		Three Months Ended February 28,				Six Months Ended February 28,
	Market Source*	2026		2025		2026		2025
Commodity prices
Urea (dollars per ton)	Green Markets NOLA	$	406.50	$	358.58	$	393.40	$	337.63
Urea ammonium nitrate (dollars per ton)	Green Markets NOLA	$	313.28	$	256.00	$	320.32	$	235.32

Volumes
Wholesale crop nutrients (thousands of tons)		1,638		1,656		3,195		3,486

*Market source information represents the average week-end or month-end price during the period.

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Results of Operations

Three Months Ended February 28, 2026 and 2025


	Three Months Ended February 28,
	2026		% of Revenues*		2025		% of Revenues*
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	8,353,791	100.0	%	$	7,796,191	100.0	%
Cost of goods sold	8,327,973		99.7		7,719,876		99.0
Gross profit	25,818		0.3		76,315		1.0
Marketing, general and administrative expenses	267,609		3.2		248,268		3.2
Operating loss	(241,791)		(2.9)		(171,953)		(2.2)

Interest expense	43,757		0.5		25,205		0.3
Other income	(34,957)		(0.4)		(20,376)		(0.3)
Equity income from investments	(85,614)		(1.0)		(92,070)		(1.2)
(Loss) income before income taxes	(164,977)		(2.0)		(84,712)		(1.1)
Income tax benefit	(17,787)		(0.2)		(8,709)		(0.1)
Net loss	(147,190)		(1.8)		(76,003)		(1.0)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(138)		—		(249)		—
Net loss attributable to CHS Inc.	$	(147,052)	(1.8	%)	$	(75,754)	(1.0	%)

*Amounts less than 0.1% are shown as zero percent. Percentage totals may differ due to rounding.

The table below details revenues, net of intersegment revenues, and IBIT by segment for the three months ended February 28, 2026.


	Energy		Grains		Agronomy		Corporate and Services		Total
Three Months Ended February 28, 2026	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	2,091,569	$	5,177,088	$	1,032,073	$	53,061	$	8,353,791
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(133,642)	$	(17,936)	$	(11,492)	$	(1,907)	$	(164,977)

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Operating Segments

Energy


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	2,091,569	$	1,814,842	$	276,727	15.2	%
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(133,642)	$	(79,466)	$	(54,176)	(68.2	%)

The following commentary presents the changes in our Energy segment for the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the three months ended February 28, 2025.


	Revenues		IBIT
For the three months ended Feb 28, 2026:	(Dollars in thousands)
Volume	$	483,007	$	(4,507)
Price impact on revenues and margin impact on IBIT	(206,280)		(42,330)
Other IBIT	—		(7,339)
Total change	$	276,727	$	(54,176)

Total Energy segment revenues increased $276.7 million, or 15.2%, during the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the three months ended February 28, 2025, primarily due to the following:

•Higher bulk sales volumes drove revenues growth.

•This benefit was partially offset by lower commodity selling prices for refined fuels and propane products.

Energy segment IBIT decreased $54.2 million, or 68.2%, during the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the three months ended February 28, 2025, primarily due to the following:

•Increased RINs expenses, unrealized hedging losses and higher amortization expense, resulting from the 2025 turnaround at our McPherson refinery, contributed to a decrease in IBIT.

•These headwinds were partially offset by higher crack spreads and improved sales mix of higher-margin, produced refined fuels products.

Grains


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	5,177,088	$	4,975,985	$	201,103	4.0	%
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(17,936)	$	(8,393)	$	(9,543)	(113.7	%)

The following commentary presents the changes in our Grains segment for the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the three months ended February 28, 2025.


	Revenues		IBIT
For the three months ended Feb 28, 2026:	(Dollars in thousands)
Volume	$	339,671	$	748
Price impact on revenues and margin impact on IBIT	(138,568)		(6,709)
Other IBIT	—		(3,582)
Total change	$	201,103	$	(9,543)

Total Grains segment revenues increased $201.1 million, or 4.0%, during the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the three months ended February 28, 2025, primarily as a result of the following:

•Higher volumes increased Grains segment revenues, driven by strong feed grains exports and wheat performance, partially offset by lower oilseed exports.

•Lower selling prices for feed grains and wheat commodities contributed to a decrease in Grains segment price, partially offset by a benefit from higher oilseed commodity selling prices.

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Grains segment IBIT decreased $9.5 million, or 113.7%, during the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the three months ended February 28, 2025, primarily as a result of the following:

•Lower oilseed crush margins, primarily from soy and canola, decreased IBIT.

•These impacts were partially offset by higher volumes of feed grains exports, strong retail margins and the timing impact of mark-to-market adjustments associated with commodity derivatives.

Agronomy


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	1,032,073	$	945,109	$	86,964	9.2	%
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(11,492)	$	(11,358)	$	(134)	(1.2	%)

The following commentary presents the changes in our Agronomy segment for the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the three months ended February 28, 2025.


	Revenues		IBIT
For the three months ended Feb 28, 2026:	(Dollars in thousands)
Volume	$	(10,756)	$	(1,289)
Price impact on revenues and margin impact on IBIT	97,720		(2,838)
Other IBIT	—		3,993
Total change	$	86,964	$	(134)

Total Agronomy segment revenues increased $87.0 million, or 9.2%, during the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the three months ended February 28, 2025, primarily due to the following:

•Higher crop nutrients per-ton prices, due to tight market supply, increased revenues.

•This was partially offset by lower sales volumes, driven primarily by deferred demand from a weaker U.S. farm economy, which decreased revenues.

Total Agronomy segment IBIT decreased $0.1 million, or 1.2%, during the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the three months ended February 28, 2025, primarily due to the following:

•Decreased wholesale and retail crop nutrients margins lowered IBIT.

•This decrease was partially offset by continued strong performance from our investment in CF Nitrogen, driven by higher urea and UAN prices.

Other Business Activities


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Corporate and Services revenues	$	53,061	$	60,255	$	(7,194)	(11.9	%)
Corporate and Services IBIT	$	(1,907)	$	14,505	$	(16,412)	(113.1	%)

During the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to same period in the prior fiscal year, lower transportation volumes negatively impacted Corporate and Services revenues, while IBIT decreased due to performance from our equity method investments in Ventura Foods and Ardent Mills.

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Cost of Goods Sold


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Cost of goods sold	$	8,327,973	$	7,719,876	$	608,097	7.9	%

Consolidated cost of goods sold increased $608.1 million, or 7.9%, during the three months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the three months ended February 28, 2025, primarily due to the following:

•Increased bulk sales volumes of refined fuels and propane products, increased RINs expenses and unrealized hedging losses increased COGS in our Energy segment.

•Higher sales volumes of feed grains in our Grains segment contributed to increased COGS.

•Higher crop nutrients per-ton prices increased COGS in our Agronomy segment.

Marketing, General and Administrative Expenses


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Marketing, general and administrative expenses	$	267,609	$	248,268	$	19,341	7.8	%

Marketing, general and administrative expenses increased during the three months ended February 28, 2026, driven primarily by compensation and benefit expenses and amortization related to our enterprise resource planning system.

Interest Expense


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest expense	$	43,757	$	25,205	$	18,552	73.6	%

Interest expense increased during the three months ended February 28, 2026, as a result of higher short-term notes payable and long-term debt balances compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.

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Other Income


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Other income	$	34,957	$	20,376	$	14,581	71.6	%

Other income increased during the three months ended February 28, 2026, primarily due to increased gains on investments and interest income compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.

Equity Income from Investments


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Equity income from investments*	$	85,614	$	92,070	$	(6,456)	(7.0	%)

*For additional information, see Note 5, Investments, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements that are included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Equity income from investments decreased during the three months ended February 28, 2026, as compared to the same period during the prior fiscal year, primarily due to results from our investment in Ventura Foods and lower income from our investment in Ardent Mills compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.

Income Tax Benefit


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Income tax benefit	$	(17,787)	$	(8,709)	$	(9,078)	(104.2	%)

Increased income tax benefit during the three months ended February 28, 2026, reflects the mix of full-year earnings projected across business units relative to the prior year and current equity assumptions, along with the benefits associated with certain tax credits. Effective tax rates for the three months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, were (10.8)% and (10.3)%, respectively. Federal and state statutory rates of 24.2% and 24.5% were applied to nonpatronage business activity for the three months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Income tax expense and effective tax rates vary each year based on profitability, changes in tax law, income tax credits and patronage business activity.

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Results of Operations

Six Months Ended February 28, 2026 and 2025


	Six Months Ended February 28,
	2026		% of Revenues*		2025		% of Revenues*
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	17,217,895	100.0	%	$	17,090,303	100.0	%
Cost of goods sold	16,802,725		97.6		16,613,312		97.2
Gross profit	415,170		2.4		476,991		2.8
Marketing, general and administrative expenses	535,729		3.1		511,118		3.0
Operating loss	(120,559)		(0.7)		(34,127)		(0.2)

Interest expense	81,108		0.5		52,853		0.3
Other income	(69,813)		(0.4)		(46,740)		(0.3)
Equity income from investments	(239,065)		(1.4)		(214,365)		(1.3)
Income before income taxes	107,211		0.6		174,125		1.0
Income tax (benefit) expense	(6,056)		—		4,535		—
Net income	113,267		0.7		169,590		1.0
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(164)		—		554		—
Net income attributable to CHS Inc.	$	113,431	0.7	%	$	169,036	1.0	%

*Amounts less than 0.1% are shown as zero percent. Percentage totals may differ due to rounding.

The table below details revenues, net of intersegment revenues, and IBIT by segment for the six months ended February 28, 2026.


	Energy		Grains		Agronomy		Corporate and Services		Total
Six Months Ended February 28, 2026	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	4,456,446	$	10,392,442	$	2,270,078	$	98,929	$	17,217,895
Income before income taxes	$	18,705	$	18,306	$	25,312	$	44,888	$	107,211

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Operating Segments

Energy


	Six Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	4,456,446	$	4,111,312	$	345,134	8.4	%
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	18,705	$	(63,742)	$	82,447	129.3	%

The following commentary presents the changes in our Energy segment for the six months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the six months ended February 28, 2025.


	Revenues		IBIT
For the six months ended Feb 28, 2026:	(Dollars in thousands)
Volume	$	658,251	$	323
Price impact on revenues and margin impact on IBIT	(313,117)		96,412
Other IBIT	—		(14,288)
Total change	$	345,134	$	82,447

Total Energy segment revenues increased $345.1 million, or 8.4%, during the six months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the six months ended February 28, 2025, primarily due to the following:

•Strong sales volumes were reflective of refined fuels and propane products, driven by heavy fall harvest activity and higher bulk sales volumes.

•This benefit was partially offset by lower commodity selling prices for refined fuels and propane products.

Energy segment IBIT increased $82.4 million, or 129.3%, during the six months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the six months ended February 28, 2025, primarily due to the following:

•Higher crack spreads and improved sales mix of higher-margin, produced refined fuels products contributed to an increase in IBIT.

•These benefits were partially offset by increased RINs expenses and unrealized hedging losses.

Grains


	Six Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	10,392,442	$	10,655,157	$	(262,715)	(2.5	%)
Income before income taxes	$	18,306	$	158,607	$	(140,301)	(88.5	%)

The following commentary presents the changes in our Grains segment for the six months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the six months ended February 28, 2025.


	Revenues		IBIT
For the six months ended Feb 28, 2026:	(Dollars in thousands)
Volume	$	233,909	$	495
Price impact on revenues and margin impact on IBIT	(496,624)		(143,865)
Other IBIT	—		3,069
Total change	$	(262,715)	$	(140,301)

Total Grains segment revenues decreased $262.7 million, or 2.5%, during the six months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the six months ended February 28, 2025, primarily as a result of the following:

•Lower selling prices for oilseed and wheat commodities, stemming from continued headwinds due to global trade factors and challenged U.S. soybean markets, contributed to the Grains segment price decrease.

•These were partially offset by strong feed grains exports and improved winter and white wheat sales volumes.

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Grains segment IBIT decreased $140.3 million, or 88.5%, during the six months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the six months ended February 28, 2025, primarily as a result of the following:

•IBIT was negatively impacted by lower oilseeds export volumes, lower oilseed crush margins, weaker retail and wholesale wheat margins and timing of mark-to-market adjustments associated with commodity derivatives.

Agronomy


	Six Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	2,270,078	$	2,209,143	$	60,935	2.8	%
Income before income taxes	$	25,312	$	16,749	$	8,563	51.1	%

The following commentary presents the changes in our Agronomy segment for the six months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the six months ended February 28, 2025.


	Revenues		IBIT
For the six months ended Feb 28, 2026:	(Dollars in thousands)
Volume	$	(135,796)	$	(3,434)
Price impact on revenues and margin impact on IBIT	196,731		(16,516)
Other IBIT	—		28,513
Total change	$	60,935	$	8,563

Total Agronomy segment revenues increased $60.9 million, or 2.8%, during the six months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the six months ended February 28, 2025, primarily due to the following:

•Crop nutrients and crop protection pricing increased revenues, driven primarily by higher crop nutrients per-ton prices.

•This increase was partially offset by lower crop nutrients sales volumes, reflecting a weaker U.S. farm economy.

Total Agronomy segment IBIT increased $8.6 million, or 51.1%, during the six months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the six months ended February 28, 2025, primarily due to the following:

•Strong performance from our investment in CF Nitrogen, driven by higher urea and UAN prices, increased IBIT.

•This increase was partially offset by declines in margin and volumes across crop nutrients and crop protection products, due largely to deferred demand and higher product costs.

Other Business Activities


	Six Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Corporate and Services revenues	$	98,929	$	114,691	$	(15,762)	(13.7	%)
Corporate and Services IBIT	$	44,888	$	62,511	$	(17,623)	(28.2	%)

During the six months ended February 28, 2026, as compared to same period in the prior fiscal year, lower transportation volumes negatively impacted Corporate and Services revenues, while IBIT decreased due to performance from our equity method investments in Ventura Foods and Ardent Mills.

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Cost of Goods Sold


	Six Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Cost of goods sold	$	16,802,725	$	16,613,312	$	189,413	1.1	%

Consolidated cost of goods sold increased $189.4 million, or 1.1%, during the six months ended February 28, 2026, compared to the six months ended February 28, 2025, primarily due to the following:

•Increased bulk sales volumes of refined fuels and propane products and increased RINs expenses increased COGS, although they were partially offset by favorable crack spreads and lower propane product costs in our Energy segment.

•Decreased wheat product costs and oilseed sales volumes reduced COGS in our Grains segment but were partially offset by increased feed grains and wheat sales volumes.

•Higher crop nutrients per-ton prices increased COGS in our Agronomy segment.

Marketing, General and Administrative Expenses


	Six Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Marketing, general and administrative expenses	$	535,729	$	511,118	$	24,611	4.8	%

Marketing, general and administrative expenses increased during the six months ended February 28, 2026, driven primarily by compensation and benefit expenses and amortization related to our enterprise resource planning system.

Interest Expense


	Six Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest expense	$	81,108	$	52,853	$	28,255	53.5	%

Interest expense increased during the six months ended February 28, 2026, as a result of higher short-term notes payable and long-term debt balances compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.

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Other Income


	Six Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Other income	$	69,813	$	46,740	$	23,073	49.4	%

Other income increased during the six months ended February 28, 2026, primarily due to increased gains on investments and interest income compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.

Equity Income from Investments


	Six Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Equity income from investments*	$	239,065	$	214,365	$	24,700	11.5	%

*For additional information, see Note 5, Investments, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements that are included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Equity income from investments increased during the six months ended February 28, 2026, as compared to the same period during the prior fiscal year, primarily due to higher equity income from our investment in CF Nitrogen as a result of higher urea and UAN prices, partially offset by natural gas costs.

Income Tax (Benefit) Expense


	Six Months Ended February 28,				Change
	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	(6,056)	$	4,535	$	(10,591)	(233.5	%)

Decreased income tax expense during the six months ended February 28, 2026, reflects the mix of full-year earnings projected across business units relative to the prior year and current equity assumptions, along with the benefit associated with certain tax credits. Effective tax rates for the six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, were (5.6)% and 2.6%, respectively. Federal and state statutory rates of 24.2% and 24.5% were applied to nonpatronage business activity for the six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Income tax expense and effective tax rates vary each year based on profitability, changes in tax law, income tax credits and patronage business activity.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

In assessing our financial condition, we consider factors such as working capital, internal benchmarking related to our applicable covenants and other financial information. The following financial information is used when assessing our liquidity and capital resources to meet our capital allocation priorities, which include maintaining the safety and compliance of our operations, meeting debt maturity obligations, paying interest on debt and preferred stock dividends, returning cash to our member-owners in the form of cash patronage and equity redemptions and taking advantage of strategic opportunities that benefit our member-owners.


	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025
	(Dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	248,472	$	327,826
Notes payable	1,995,108		1,152,457
Long-term debt including current maturities	2,132,680		1,835,833
Total equities	11,060,295		11,080,174
Working capital	3,174,509		2,803,865
Current ratio*	1.4		1.5

*Current ratio is defined as current assets divided by current liabilities.

Summary of Our Major Sources of Cash and Cash Equivalents

We fund our current operations primarily through our cash flows from operations and with short-term borrowings through our committed and uncommitted revolving credit facilities, including our securitization facility with certain unaffiliated financial institutions and our repurchase facility. We fund certain of our long-term capital needs, primarily those related to acquisitions of property, plant and equipment, with cash flows from operations and by issuing long-term debt. See Note 6, Notes Payable and Long-Term Debt, of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements that are included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on our short-term borrowings and long-term debt. We will continue to consider opportunities to further diversify and enhance our sources and amounts of liquidity.

Summary of Our Major Uses of Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following is a summary of our primary cash requirements for fiscal 2026:

•Capital expenditures. We expect total capital expenditures for fiscal 2026 to be approximately $522.0 million, compared to capital expenditures of $728.6 million in fiscal 2025, as we continue to invest in capital expenditures for projects to meet the evolving needs of our owners and customers and enhance value for the cooperative system during fiscal 2026. During the six months ended February 28, 2026, we acquired $221.0 million of property, plant and equipment.

•Major maintenance. We expect total major maintenance for fiscal 2026 to be approximately $76.3 million, compared to major maintenance of $271.4 million in fiscal 2025. Decreased major maintenance for fiscal 2026 is due to significantly reduced turnaround activities at our refineries compared to the turnaround at our McPherson refinery during fiscal 2025. During the six months ended February 28, 2026, we had $10.9 million in major maintenance.

•Debt and interest. We expect to repay approximately $91.8 million of long-term debt and finance lease obligations and incur interest payments related to long-term debt of approximately $102.7 million during fiscal 2026. During the six months ended February 28, 2026, we repaid $4.7 million of scheduled long-term debt maturities and finance lease obligations.

•Preferred stock dividends. We had approximately $2.3 billion of preferred stock outstanding as of February 28, 2026. We expect to pay dividends on our preferred stock of approximately $168.7 million during fiscal 2026. Dividends paid on our preferred stock during the six months ended February 28, 2026, were $84.3 million.

•Patronage. Our Board of Directors authorized approximately $30.0 million of our fiscal 2025 patronage-sourced earnings to be paid to our member-owners during fiscal 2026. During the six months ended February 28, 2026, we distributed $19.1 million of cash patronage related to the year ended August 31, 2025, with the remaining amount expected to be distributed in the third quarter of fiscal 2026.

•Equity redemptions. Our Board of Directors authorized approximately $90.0 million of equity redemptions to be distributed in fiscal 2026 in the form of redemptions of qualified and nonqualified equity owned by individual producer-members and association members. During the six months ended February 28, 2026, we redeemed $27.9 million of member equity.

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We believe cash generated by operating and investing activities, along with available borrowing capacity under our credit facilities, will be sufficient to support our short-term (the next 12 months) and long-term (beyond 12 months) operations. Our notes payable and long-term debt are subject to various restrictive requirements for maintenance of minimum consolidated net worth and other financial ratios. We were in compliance with all debt covenants and restrictions as of February 28, 2026. Based on our current fiscal 2026 projections, we expect continued covenant compliance.

Working Capital

We measure working capital as current assets less current liabilities as each amount appears on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We believe this information is meaningful to investors as a measure of operational efficiency and short-term financial health. Working capital is not defined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and may not be computed the same as similarly titled measures used by other companies. Working capital as of February 28, 2026, and August 31, 2025, was as follows:


	February 28, 2026		August 31, 2025		Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Current assets	$	10,255,952	$	8,086,351	$	2,169,601
Less current liabilities	7,081,443		5,282,486		1,798,957
Working capital	$	3,174,509	$	2,803,865	$	370,644

As of February 28, 2026, working capital increased by $370.6 million compared to August 31, 2025. Current asset balance changes increased working capital by $2.2 billion, primarily due to increases in inventories, which were driven by seasonality in our business. Current liability balance changes decreased working capital by $1.8 billion, primarily due to increases in notes payable, which were also driven by seasonality in our business.

We finance our working capital needs through committed and uncommitted lines of credit with domestic and international banks. We believe our current cash balances and available capacity on our committed and uncommitted lines of credit will provide adequate liquidity to meet our working capital needs.

Contractual Obligations

For information regarding our estimated contractual obligations, see the MD&A discussion included in Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2025. No material changes occurred during the six months ended February 28, 2026.

Cash Flows

The following table presents summarized cash flow data for the six months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025:


	Six Months Ended February 28,
	2026		2025		Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(906,831)	$	(1,331,824)	$	424,993
Net cash used in investing activities	(205,268)		(45,883)		(159,385)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,036,262		1,032,179		4,083
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	243		(600)		843
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(75,594)	$	(346,128)	$	270,534

Cash flows from operating activities can fluctuate significantly from period to period as a result of various factors, including seasonality and timing differences associated with purchases, sales, taxes and other business decisions. The $425.0 million year-over-year decrease in cash used in operating activities primarily reflects increased accounts payable and accrued expenses, which was partially offset by changes in accounts receivable, during the first six months of fiscal 2026 as compared to the same period during fiscal 2025.

The $159.4 million increase in cash used in investing activities primarily reflects purchases of investments in the current period, along with decreased proceeds from the sale of short-term investments, decreased business acquisitions and decreased acquisitions of property, plant and equipment during the first six months of fiscal 2026 compared to the same period during fiscal 2025.

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The $4.1 million increase in cash provided by financing activities primarily reflects net cash inflows associated with our notes payable and short-term funding needs for working capital, along with cash patronage.

Preferred Stock

The following is a summary of our outstanding preferred stock as of February 28, 2026, all shares of which are listed on the Global Select Market of Nasdaq.


	Nasdaq Symbol	Issuance Date	Shares Outstanding	Redemption Value		Net Proceeds (a)		Dividend Rate (b) (c)		Dividend Payment Frequency	Redeemable Beginning (d)
				(Dollars in millions)
8% Cumulative Redeemable	CHSCP	(e)	12,272,003	$	306.8	$	311.2	8.00	%	Quarterly	7/18/2023
Class B Cumulative Redeemable, Series 1	CHSCO	(f)	21,459,066	$	536.5	$	569.3	7.875	%	Quarterly	9/26/2023
Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable, Series 2	CHSCN	3/11/2014	16,800,000	$	420.0	$	406.2	7.10	%	Quarterly	3/31/2024
Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable, Series 3	CHSCM	9/15/2014	19,700,000	$	492.5	$	476.7	6.75	%	Quarterly	9/30/2024
Class B Cumulative Redeemable, Series 4	CHSCL	1/21/2015	20,700,000	$	517.5	$	501.0	7.50	%	Quarterly	1/21/2025

(a) Includes patron equities redeemed with preferred stock.

(b) Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 2 accumulated dividends at a rate of 7.10% per year until March 31, 2024, and subsequently fixed at a rate of 7.10% based on the terms of the contract and application of the Adjustable Rate (LIBOR) Act.

(c) Class B Reset Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 3 accumulated dividends at a rate of 6.75% per year until September 30, 2024, and subsequently fixed at a rate of 6.75% based on the terms of the contract and application of the Adjustable Rate (LIBOR) Act.

(d) All series of preferred stock are redeemable for cash at our option, in whole or in part, at a per share price equal to the per share liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus all dividends accumulated and unpaid on that share to and including the date of redemption, beginning on the dates set forth in this column.

(e) The 8% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock was issued at various times from 2002 through 2010.

(f) Shares of Class B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series 1 were issued on September 26, 2013; August 25, 2014; March 31, 2016; and March 30, 2017.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our critical accounting policies as presented in the MD&A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2025, have not materially changed during the six months ended February 28, 2026.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of applicable standards issued and not yet adopted.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We did not experience material changes in market risk exposures for the period ended February 28, 2026, that would affect the quantitative and qualitative disclosures presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2025.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of February 28, 2026. Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of that date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the second quarter of fiscal 2026, we implemented a new enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system in our Energy segment. This ERP system replaced an existing core financial system used in that segment. Our processes, procedures and controls have been refined as appropriate.

There were no other changes in internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended February 28, 2026, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, please see Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies, of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements that are included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2025.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

During the three months ended February 28, 2026, no director or officer of the company adopted, modified or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) or Regulation S-K.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit			Description
31.1			Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2			Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1			Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2			Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS			XBRL Instance Document (The Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

CHS Inc.

(Registrant)

Date:

April 8, 2026

By:

/s/ Olivia Nelligan

Olivia Nelligan

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Strategy Officer

ATTACHMENTS / EXHIBITS

ATTACHMENTS / EXHIBITS

EX-31.1

EX-31.2