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    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c2" id="ixv-270">&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;In United States dollars or
the equivalent thereof in foreign currency or currency units. An indeterminate
aggregate initial offering price and number or amount of the securities of each
identified class is being registered as may from time to time be sold at
indeterminate prices. Separate consideration may or may not be received for
securities that are issuable upon conversion of, or in exchange for, or upon
exercise of, convertible or exchangeable securities.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;&#160; &lt;/span&gt;The registrant is deferring payment of the
registration fee pursuant to Rule 456(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
&#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;) and is omitting this information in reliance on Rule 456(b)
and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act. Any registration fees will be determined
and paid subsequently on a pay-as-you-go basis in accordance with Rule 457(r) based
on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;	Also includes such
indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock or amount of
debt securities as may be issued upon conversion or exercise of, or exchange
for, any convertible debt securities, convertible preferred stock, or warrants.
The number and amount of such securities also include securities issued in
connection with share purchase contracts and share purchase units. Separate
consideration may or may not be received for the preferred stock or common
stock or debt securities issuable upon conversion of or in exchange for debt
securities or preferred stock. Also includes such indeterminate number of
shares of common stock and preferred stock or amount of debt securities as may
be required for delivery upon exercise of warrants, or conversion of any
convertible debt securities or convertible preferred stock, as a result of
anti-dilution provisions thereof. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c3" id="ixv-271">&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;In United States dollars or
the equivalent thereof in foreign currency or currency units. An indeterminate
aggregate initial offering price and number or amount of the securities of each
identified class is being registered as may from time to time be sold at
indeterminate prices. Separate consideration may or may not be received for
securities that are issuable upon conversion of, or in exchange for, or upon
exercise of, convertible or exchangeable securities.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;&#160; &lt;/span&gt;The registrant is deferring payment of the
registration fee pursuant to Rule 456(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
&#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;) and is omitting this information in reliance on Rule 456(b)
and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act. Any registration fees will be determined
and paid subsequently on a pay-as-you-go basis in accordance with Rule 457(r) based
on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;	Also includes such
indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock or amount of
debt securities as may be issued upon conversion or exercise of, or exchange
for, any convertible debt securities, convertible preferred stock, or warrants.
The number and amount of such securities also include securities issued in
connection with share purchase contracts and share purchase units. Separate
consideration may or may not be received for the preferred stock or common
stock or debt securities issuable upon conversion of or in exchange for debt
securities or preferred stock. Also includes such indeterminate number of
shares of common stock and preferred stock or amount of debt securities as may
be required for delivery upon exercise of warrants, or conversion of any
convertible debt securities or convertible preferred stock, as a result of
anti-dilution provisions thereof. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c4" id="ixv-272">&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;In United States dollars or
the equivalent thereof in foreign currency or currency units. An indeterminate
aggregate initial offering price and number or amount of the securities of each
identified class is being registered as may from time to time be sold at
indeterminate prices. Separate consideration may or may not be received for
securities that are issuable upon conversion of, or in exchange for, or upon
exercise of, convertible or exchangeable securities.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;&#160; &lt;/span&gt;The registrant is deferring payment of the
registration fee pursuant to Rule 456(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
&#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;) and is omitting this information in reliance on Rule 456(b)
and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act. Any registration fees will be determined
and paid subsequently on a pay-as-you-go basis in accordance with Rule 457(r) based
on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;	Also includes such
indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock or amount of
debt securities as may be issued upon conversion or exercise of, or exchange
for, any convertible debt securities, convertible preferred stock, or warrants.
The number and amount of such securities also include securities issued in
connection with share purchase contracts and share purchase units. Separate
consideration may or may not be received for the preferred stock or common
stock or debt securities issuable upon conversion of or in exchange for debt
securities or preferred stock. Also includes such indeterminate number of
shares of common stock and preferred stock or amount of debt securities as may
be required for delivery upon exercise of warrants, or conversion of any
convertible debt securities or convertible preferred stock, as a result of
anti-dilution provisions thereof. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt;
   &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;
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     &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt;
      &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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    &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt;
     &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt;
      &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Represents an indeterminate
number of warrants as may be issued at indeterminate prices, representing
rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock and debt securities, or any
combination thereof. Such warrants may be issued independently or together with
debt securities, preferred stock or common stock, and the warrants may be sold
at the same or different time as those offered securities. &lt;/span&gt;
     &lt;/div&gt;
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    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c5" id="ixv-273">&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;In United States dollars or
the equivalent thereof in foreign currency or currency units. An indeterminate
aggregate initial offering price and number or amount of the securities of each
identified class is being registered as may from time to time be sold at
indeterminate prices. Separate consideration may or may not be received for
securities that are issuable upon conversion of, or in exchange for, or upon
exercise of, convertible or exchangeable securities.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;&#160; &lt;/span&gt;The registrant is deferring payment of the
registration fee pursuant to Rule 456(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
&#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;) and is omitting this information in reliance on Rule 456(b)
and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act. Any registration fees will be determined
and paid subsequently on a pay-as-you-go basis in accordance with Rule 457(r) based
on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Represents an indeterminate
number of share purchase contracts as may be issued at indeterminate prices,
representing obligations to purchase common stock and preferred stock. Such
share purchase contracts may be issued separately or as part of share purchase
units. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c6" id="ixv-274">&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;In United States dollars or
the equivalent thereof in foreign currency or currency units. An indeterminate
aggregate initial offering price and number or amount of the securities of each
identified class is being registered as may from time to time be sold at
indeterminate prices. Separate consideration may or may not be received for
securities that are issuable upon conversion of, or in exchange for, or upon
exercise of, convertible or exchangeable securities.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;&#160; &lt;/span&gt;The registrant is deferring payment of the
registration fee pursuant to Rule 456(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
&#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;) and is omitting this information in reliance on Rule 456(b)
and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act. Any registration fees will be determined
and paid subsequently on a pay-as-you-go basis in accordance with Rule 457(r) based
on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;6.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;Represents an indeterminate
amount and number of share purchase units, consisting of share purchase
contracts together with debt securities, common stock, preferred stock,
warrants or debt obligations of third parties securing the holders&#x2019; obligations
to purchase common stock or preferred stock under the share purchase contracts. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="c1" id="ixv-275">&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;In United States dollars or
the equivalent thereof in foreign currency or currency units. An indeterminate
aggregate initial offering price and number or amount of the securities of each
identified class is being registered as may from time to time be sold at
indeterminate prices. Separate consideration may or may not be received for
securities that are issuable upon conversion of, or in exchange for, or upon
exercise of, convertible or exchangeable securities.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;&#160; &lt;/span&gt;The registrant is deferring payment of the
registration fee pursuant to Rule 456(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the
&#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;) and is omitting this information in reliance on Rule 456(b)
and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act. Any registration fees will be determined
and paid subsequently on a pay-as-you-go basis in accordance with Rule 457(r) based
on the fee payment rate in effect on the date of such fee payment.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt;
   &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt;
     &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt;
      &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt;
     &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt;
      &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;	Includes convertible debt
securities, non-convertible debt securities and medium term notes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="font-size: 12pt; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"&gt; &lt;tr style="height: 0px; font-size: 0px;"&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 99%;"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top;"&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 0pt;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="padding: 0px 5.4pt; text-align: left;"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 4pt;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"&gt;	Also includes such
indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock or amount of
debt securities as may be issued upon conversion or exercise of, or exchange
for, any convertible debt securities, convertible preferred stock, or warrants.
The number and amount of such securities also include securities issued in
connection with share purchase contracts and share purchase units. Separate
consideration may or may not be received for the preferred stock or common
stock or debt securities issuable upon conversion of or in exchange for debt
securities or preferred stock. Also includes such indeterminate number of
shares of common stock and preferred stock or amount of debt securities as may
be required for delivery upon exercise of warrants, or conversion of any
convertible debt securities or convertible preferred stock, as a result of
anti-dilution provisions thereof. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/table&gt;</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa contextRef="c0" id="ixv-392">N/A</ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey contextRef="c0" id="ixv-393">0000032604</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <ffd:FeeExhibitTp contextRef="c0" id="ixv-394">EX-FILING FEES</ffd:FeeExhibitTp>
    <ffd:OffsetTableNa contextRef="c0" id="ixv-395">N/A</ffd:OffsetTableNa>
    <ffd:SubmissnTp contextRef="c0" id="ixv-396">S-3ASR</ffd:SubmissnTp>
</xbrl>
