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Uses of estimates and assumptions

In preparing the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods presented. These estimates are based on information as of the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The estimates required to be made by management include, but are not limited to, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, the incremental borrowing rate used in operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, the valuation of accounts receivable, the recoverability of long-lived assets, deferred tax assets, goodwill and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents represent demand deposits placed with banks and cash on hand, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have original maturities of three months or less and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash. The Group maintains the majority of its bank accounts in the PRC. Cash balances in bank accounts in the PRC are protected under Deposit Protection Scheme in accordance with the Deposit Protection Scheme Ordinance. The maximum protection is up to RMB500,000 per depositor per Scheme member, including both principal and interest. As of December 31, 2025 and June 30, 2026, cash and cash equivalents balance were RMB19,773,580 and RMB51,837,277 (US$7,639,869), respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC Topic 825-10, Financial instruments – overall: Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities (“ASC 825-10”) requires certain disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

Unless otherwise disclosed, the fair value of the Group’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, deferred revenue, other payables, bank loans, and amounts due to related parties, approximates their recorded values due to their short-term maturities.

The Group determined that the carrying value of the lease liabilities approximated their fair value as the interest rates used to discount the contracts approximate market rates. The Group noted no transfers between levels during any of the periods presented. The Group did not have any instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and June 30, 2026.

Accounts receivable and allowance for credit loss

The Group maintains an allowance for credit losses and records the allowance for credit losses as an offset to accounts receivable and the estimated credit losses charged to the allowance is classified as “General and administrative expenses” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Group’s estimation of allowance for credit losses considers factors such as historical credit loss experience, age of receivable balances, current market conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, as well as an assessment of receivables due from specific identifiable counterparties to determine whether these receivables are considered at risk or uncollectible. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, the expected credit loss amounted to RMB1,550,481 and RMB1,430,109 (US$210,772), respectively.

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue represents the upfront payments received upon the signing of a contract for one-stop comprehensive education supporting services with adult education institutions and the upfront payments received from personnel for safety technology training services. The deferred revenue is subsequently released into revenue once the customers receive and consume benefits of such services and is released using straight-line method based on the contract term. As of December 31, 2025 and June 30, 2026, the deferred revenue amounted to RMB40,942 and RMB625,320 (US$92,161), respectively.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Group is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Group recognizes a liability for such contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss has occurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Group may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided in the amounts sufficient to depreciate the cost of the related assets over their useful lives using the straight- line method, as follows:

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Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expenses as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized in the unaudited consolidated statements of operation and other comprehensive loss as other income or expenses.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the acquired entity as a result of the Group’s acquisitions of interests in its consolidated subsidiaries.

Goodwill is not depreciated or amortized but is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis, and between annual tests when an event or circumstances change occurs that indicate the asset might be impaired. Under ASC 350-20-35 – Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Subsequent Measurement, the Group has the option to choose whether it will apply the qualitative assessment first and then the quantitative assessment, if necessary, or to apply the quantitative assessment directly.

Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill

The Group evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of its asset may not be fully recoverable. When these events occur, the Group measures impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over their fair value. Fair value is generally determined by discounting the cash flows expected to be generated by the asset, when the market prices are not readily available. The adjusted carrying amount of the asset is the new cost basis and is depreciated over the asset’s remaining useful life. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, no impairment of long-lived assets was recognized.

Leases

The Group leases offices in the PRC under operating leases. The Group determines whether an arrangement constitutes a lease at inception and records lease liabilities and right-of-use assets on its consolidated balance sheets at the lease commencement. The Group measures its lease liabilities based on the present value of the total lease payments not yet paid discounted based on its incremental borrowing rate, as the rates implicit in its leases are not determinable. The Group measures right-of-use assets based on the corresponding lease liability adjusted for payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, and initial direct costs it incurs under the lease. The Group begins recognizing rent expenses when the lessor makes the underlying asset available to the Group.

For short-term leases, the Group records operating lease expenses in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Group adopted ASC Topic 842, Lease (“ASC 842”) on January 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective method. Leases are classified as operating or finance leases in accordance with the recognition criteria in ASC 842-20-25. The Group’s leases do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

As the lessee, the Group recognizes in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, the Group makes an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities and recognizes lease expenses for such lease generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, the Group incurred lease expenses with a term of 12 months or less of nil and RMB51,574 (US$7,601), respectively.

Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets consist primarily of software purchased and copyrights purchased. Software purchased and under development for internal use, including fees paid to third parties for services provided to develop the software, are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment, if any. Generally, software is amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life, which is typically 5 to 10 years. Copyrights represent the copyright certificate applied for vocational education and are initially stated at cost and amortized over their estimated useful lives. However, if the copyrights are not expected to generate future economic benefits at the time of recognition, amortization is deferred until such time as economic benefits are anticipated to begin.

Amortization is provided in the amounts sufficient to depreciate the cost of the related assets over their useful lives using the straight-line method, as follows:

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Revenue recognition

The Group adopted ASC 606 for all periods presented. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is the transaction price the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for the promised services in a contract in the ordinary course of the Group’s activities and is recorded net of value-added tax (“VAT”). To achieve that core principle, the Group applies the following steps:

1. Identify the contract(s) with a customer;

2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract;

3. Determine the transaction price;

4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

5. Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

One-stop comprehensive education supporting services

The Group enters into service contracts with adult education institutions to provide one-stop comprehensive education supporting services. It is within the scope of the revenue recognition standard that the essence of such contractual arrangements involves the Group providing one-stop comprehensive education supporting services to adult education institutions, and those services or activities are considered part of the Group’s ordinary business operations and are exchanged for compensation. Accordingly, the Group identifies its customers as the adult education institutions to which it provides services. One-stop comprehensive education supporting services encompass exam administration services and teaching support services throughout the entire teaching cycle from pre-enrollment to post-graduation. The Group determined the transaction price based on customer demand, effect of competitors on the Group’s services, the number of students to be served and other market factors. The transaction price does not change, once the Group has verified the number of students to be served with adult education institutions. The Group currently does not have any modification to the contract and the contracts currently do not have any variable consideration.

Value added tax (“VAT”)

Revenue represents the invoiced value of service, net of VAT. The VAT is based on gross sales price and VAT rates of 6%. Entities that are VAT general taxpayers are allowed to offset qualified input VAT paid to suppliers against their output VAT liabilities. Net VAT balance between input VAT and output VAT is recorded in tax payables. All of the VAT returns filed by the Group’s subsidiaries in the PRC remain subject to examination by the tax authorities for five years from the date of filing.

Income taxes

The Group follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). The Group accounts for current income taxes in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities. Deferred income taxes are recognized when temporary differences exist between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period including the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Employee defined contribution plan

Full-time employees of the Group in the PRC participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require that the Group make contributions to the government for these benefits based on government prescribed percentage of the employee’s salaries. The Group has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the contributions. The total amount was expensed as incurred. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, employee welfare contribution expenses amounted to RMB481,920 and RMB465,232 (US$68,567), respectively.

Stock-based compensation

The Group accounts for share-based compensation awards issued to employees and non-employees in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). For unrestricted stock awards granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans that are fully vested and immediately exercisable upon grant with no service, performance or other vesting conditions, the fair value of each award is measured at the grant-date fair value, based on the closing market price of the Company’s ordinary shares on the grant date, and is recognized as compensation expense in full on the grant date in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. These awards are classified as equity-settled and are not remeasured subsequent to the grant date. Compensation expense is not reversed unless the awards are forfeited due to non-compliance with applicable laws or plan terms, in which case the previously recognized expense is reversed in the period of forfeiture.

Related parties

The Group adopted ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures, for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions. Parties are considered related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered related if they are subject to common control or significant influence, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.

Segment reporting

ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Group’s internal organizational structure, as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major customers in the consolidated financial statements for detailing the Group’s business segments.

The Group’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews the financial information of each separate operating segment when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing the performance of the segment. The Group has determined that it has three and four reporting segments for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, respectively, for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Group generates substantially all of its revenue from clients in China. Accordingly, no geographical segments are presented. Substantially majority of the Group’s long-lived assets are located in China.

Earnings per Share

The Group computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. ASC 260 requires companies to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net income divided by the weighted average common share outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per-share basis of the potential ordinary shares (such as convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential ordinary shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (such as those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, there were no dilutive shares. On March 23 and June 1, 2026, the Company effected a share consolidation on the basis of one ordinary share for every 25 and 10 ordinary shares previously outstanding, respectively. The weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share, together with the corresponding per-share amounts, has been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the share consolidation for all periods presented.

Foreign currency translation

The Group’s reporting currency is Renminbi (“RMB”). The functional currency of the Company and the Company’s entities incorporated in the Cayman Islands and Hong Kong is the United States Dollar (“US$”). The functional currency of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries is the RMB.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are measured and recorded in the functional currency at the exchange rate prevailing on the transaction date. Translation gains and losses are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive loss.

The Group’s reporting currency is RMB. For entities within the Group that have a functional currency other than the reporting currency, assets and liabilities are translated from each entity’s functional currency to the reporting currency at the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Equity amounts are translated at historical exchange rates. Revenue, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rates for the period. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a component of other comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and the condensed consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity.

Convenience Translation into United States Dollars

Translations of balances in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows from RMB into US$ are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00 = 6.7851 on June 30, 2026. The translation is not intended to imply that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on June 30, 2026, or at any other rate.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel costs, depreciation and the cost of services used for the development of the Group’s services management system. Other than software disclosed in intangible assets, all costs associated with R&D are expensed as incurred. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, research and development expenses were RMB873,959 and RMB1,547,422 (US$228,062), respectively.

The following is a schedule, by fiscal years, of amortization amount of intangible assets as of June 30, 2026:

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