| Income taxes |
Income taxes a.Composition of deferred tax income and social contribution | | | | | | | | | | | | | September 30, 2026 | | December 31, 2025 | | Deferred income tax assets | 699,386 | | | 547,014 | | | Deferred income tax liabilities | (1,201,395) | | | (1,169,300) | | | (502,009) | | | (622,286) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Balance at January 1, 2026 | | Income statement | | Exchange variation | | Other adjustments (1) | | Balance at September 30, 2026 | | Tax loss and negative social contribution base | 684,003 | | | 44,819 | | | 28,742 | | | (4,109) | | | 753,455 | | | Expected credit losses on trade accounts receivable | 40,098 | | | (13,201) | | | 987 | | | — | | | 27,884 | | | Provision for contingencies | 81,251 | | | (10,121) | | | 4,293 | | | — | | | 75,423 | | | Fair value adjustment | (171,114) | | | 89,853 | | | (4,009) | | | — | | | (85,270) | | | Tax credits - Foreign subsidiaries | 4,062 | | | 150 | | | (31) | | | — | | | 4,181 | | | Share-based payment | — | | | (329) | | | 329 | | | — | | | — | | | Provision for work accident insurance - Foreign subsidiaries | 12,805 | | | 5,203 | | | — | | | — | | | 18,008 | | | Pension plan - Foreign subsidiaries | 2,451 | | | (493) | | | (14) | | | (152) | | | 1,792 | | | Trade accounts payable accrual | 273,051 | | | 14,869 | | | 3,104 | | | — | | | 291,024 | | | Interest portion to be deductible | 320,200 | | | 120,828 | | | — | | | — | | | 441,028 | | | Right of use assets | 31,567 | | | 6,581 | | | 1,297 | | | — | | | 39,445 | | | Goodwill amortization | (847,103) | | | 2,080 | | | (47,206) | | | — | | | (892,229) | | | Business combinations | (491,382) | | | 16,996 | | | (1,456) | | | (549) | | | (476,391) | | | Inventory valuation | (53,021) | | | (73,568) | | | 4,207 | | | — | | | (122,382) | | | Hedge operations | 41,705 | | | (18,814) | | | 2,390 | | | 547 | | | 25,828 | | | Realization of other reserves | (96,535) | | | 2,202 | | | (6,003) | | | — | | | (100,336) | | | Accelerated depreciation and amortization | (528,502) | | | (57,020) | | | (4) | | | — | | | (585,526) | | | Cut off adjustments (sales) | 16,891 | | | 20,299 | | | 1,135 | | | — | | | 38,325 | | | Other temporary differences | 57,287 | | | (19,790) | | | 6,235 | | | — | | | 43,732 | | | Deferred taxes, net | (622,286) | | | 130,544 | | | (6,004) | | | (4,263) | | | (502,009) | |
(1) The adjustments relate primarily to the assignment of tax losses and negative tax bases from the indirect subsidiary Seara Alimentos to JBS S.A., utilized to settle tax assessments levied for third-party social security contributions on profit-sharing payments made by the company to its executives between 2012 and 2016, as well as deferred taxes on Cash flow hedge transactions recognized in other comprehensive income by the subsidiary Seara Alimentos and the pension plan in the United States of America. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Balance at January 1, 2025 | | Income statement | | Exchange variation | | Other adjustments | | Balance at September 30, 2025 | | Tax loss and negative social contribution base | 679,275 | | | 74,199 | | | 61,927 | | | (191,303) | | | 624,098 | | | Expected credit losses on trade accounts receivable | 42,304 | | | (9,833) | | | 3,970 | | | — | | | 36,441 | | | Provisions for contingencies | 94,487 | | | (6,265) | | | 11,143 | | | — | | | 99,365 | | | Fair value adjustment | (105,836) | | | (14,833) | | | (9,281) | | | — | | | (129,950) | | | Tax credits - Foreign subsidiaries | 8,798 | | | (88) | | | (79) | | | — | | | 8,631 | | | Provision for work accident insurance - Foreign subsidiaries | 8,964 | | | (4,446) | | | — | | | — | | | 4,518 | | | Pension plan - Foreign subsidiaries | 3,209 | | | 4,740 | | | (80) | | | (3,224) | | | 4,645 | | | Trade accounts payable accrual | 249,853 | | | 37,794 | | | 7,270 | | | — | | | 294,917 | | | Non-deductible interests portion - U.S. tax reform | 279,572 | | | 84,158 | | | 1 | | | — | | | 363,731 | | | Right of use assets | 25,967 | | | 1,036 | | | 3,092 | | | — | | | 30,095 | | | Goodwill amortization | (727,377) | | | (29,175) | | | (103,271) | | | — | | | (859,823) | | | Business combination | (465,917) | | | (15,989) | | | (5,640) | | | (912) | | | (488,458) | | | Inventory valuation | (83,507) | | | (13,298) | | | 9,897 | | | — | | | (86,908) | | | Hedge operations | 45,961 | | | (6,648) | | | 6,704 | | | 19 | | | 46,036 | | | Realization of other reserves | (88,113) | | | 1,922 | | | (14,356) | | | — | | | (100,547) | | | Accelerated depreciation and amortization | (479,922) | | | (4,985) | | | (2) | | | — | | | (484,909) | | | Cut-off adjustment (sales) | 15,274 | | | 1,433 | | | 2,644 | | | — | | | 19,351 | | | Other temporary differences | 52,895 | | | 25,506 | | | (21,268) | | | — | | | 57,133 | | | Deferred taxes, net | (444,113) | | | 125,228 | | | (47,329) | | | (195,420) | | | (561,634) | |
b. Reconciliation of income tax and social contribution expense: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nine-month period ended September 30, | | Three-month period ended September 30, | | 2026 | | 2025 | | 2026 | | 2025 | | Profit (loss) before taxes | 282,748 | | | 2,245,943 | | | 196,139 | | | 815,341 | | | Brazilian statutory corporate tax rate | (34) | % | | (34) | % | | (34) | % | | (34) | % | | Expected tax expense (benefit) | (96,134) | | | (763,621) | | | (66,687) | | | (277,216) | | | | | | | | | | | Adjustments to reconcile taxable income tax expense (benefit): | | | | | | | | | Share of profit of equity-accounted investees | 1,137 | | | 5,103 | | | (3,893) | | | 1,520 | | | Non-taxable tax benefits | 186,829 | | | 165,056 | | | 65,996 | | | 58,032 | | | Difference of tax rates on taxable income from foreign subsidiaries | (1,141) | | | 96,902 | | | 19,364 | | | 49,938 | | | Profits taxed by-foreign jurisdictions | (11,657) | | | (37,591) | | | 3,068 | | | 44,406 | | | Current year deferred taxes not recognized and deferred taxes recognized from prior years | (31,088) | | | 86,093 | | | (16,141) | | | 10,026 | | | Dividends paid abroad | — | | | (10,809) | | | — | | | (10,809) | | | Non-taxable interest - Foreign subsidiaries | 9,813 | | | 9,414 | | | 3,232 | | | 3,151 | | | Donations and social programs | (1,816) | | | — | | | 11 | | | — | | | SELIC interest on tax credits | 4,291 | | | 33,946 | | | 2,985 | | | 2,631 | | | | | | | | | | | Brazilian tax incentive law - Lei do Bem | — | | | 1,397 | | | — | | | — | | | Other permanent differences | (8,709) | | | (37,060) | | | (15,216) | | | (52,896) | | | Current and deferred income tax benefit (expense) | 51,525 | | | (451,170) | | | (7,281) | | | (171,217) | | | | | | | | | | | Current income tax | (79,019) | | | (576,398) | | | (27,148) | | | (185,942) | | | Deferred income tax | 130,544 | | | 125,228 | | | 19,867 | | | 14,725 | | | 51,525 | | | (451,170) | | | (7,281) | | | (171,217) | | | Effective income tax rate | 18.22 | % | | (20.09) | % | | (3.71) | % | | (21.00) | % |
Global Minimum Tax: As disclosed in the Group’s annual consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2025, the Group monitors the Pillar Two global minimum tax rules applicable in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Based on the assessments performed to date, no significant tax exposure has been identified for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2026.
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