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    <link:label id="lab_dei_Security12bTitle_01a0d40a-e63e-7842-a177-409b8d036a0a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_Security12bTitle_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Table]</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnNonrecurringBasisTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6ec-75a4-b405-01041b99aa23_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnNonrecurringBasisTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Fair Value Hierarchy</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnNonrecurringBasisTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnNonrecurringBasisTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnNonrecurringBasisTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnNonrecurringBasisTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NetProceedsFromTheExerciseOfStockBasedAwards_01a0d40a-e6ec-73bf-9158-2c5eb8f5b0cd_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NetProceedsFromTheExerciseOfStockBasedAwards" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net proceeds from the exercise of stock-based awards, net of tax withholding</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NetProceedsFromTheExerciseOfStockBasedAwards_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NetProceedsFromTheExerciseOfStockBasedAwards" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net Proceeds From The Exercise Of Stock-Based Awards</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NetProceedsFromTheExerciseOfStockBasedAwards_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NetProceedsFromTheExerciseOfStockBasedAwards" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net Proceeds From The Exercise Of Stock-Based Awards</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AdjToCompAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Compensation, Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AdjToCompAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Compensation Amount</link:label>
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    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Financial Instrument [Axis]</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedRollForward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting [Abstract]</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Plan [Axis]</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SerumMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-73ac-a895-7e952a635681_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SerumMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Serum</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SerumMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SerumMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Serum [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SerumMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SerumMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Serum</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_SerumMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_SerumMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_SerumMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_SerumMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63f-7c6d-990c-8650cf6f6da1_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Long Term Debt</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDebtInstrumentsTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditMember_01a0d40a-e6ec-7682-b231-8a6c63144532_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement Determination Date</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement Determination Date</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:to="lab_ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherRevenue_01a0d40a-e6eb-7500-ace9-26ee8827ec36_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherRevenue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total licensing, royalties, and other revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherRevenue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherRevenue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing, Royalties, And Other Revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherRevenue_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherRevenue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing, Royalties, And Other Revenue</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherRevenue" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherRevenue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherRevenue" xlink:to="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherRevenue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_01a0d40a-e6ec-7778-91d0-cc2532d6a3e8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Provision for excess and obsolete inventory</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory Write-down</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InventoryWriteDown" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuance_01a0d40a-e6eb-7314-89d1-4f39c4c78c65_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuance" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares available for issuance (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuance_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuance" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available For Issuance</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuance_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuance" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available For Issuance</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuance" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuance"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuance" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForIssuance" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GrantsReceivable_01a0d40a-e63f-72a5-b84b-a9af7d09acdd_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GrantsReceivable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Grants receivable</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GrantsReceivable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GrantsReceivable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Grants Receivable</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GrantsReceivable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_GrantsReceivable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_GrantsReceivable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_GrantsReceivable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_01a0d40a-e63f-7354-9098-2368dc5727c0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for credit losses</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag_01a0d40a-e6ec-7f35-932b-7ff98774f64d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-74ad-9f03-64f31141326d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Current liabilities:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Current [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_01a0d40a-e6ec-7045-825b-a54325c357f2_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeasePrincipalPayments_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d73-8b9a-8d20d527561a_negatedTerseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeasePrincipalPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Finance lease payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeasePrincipalPayments_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeasePrincipalPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Finance Lease, Principal Payments</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FinanceLeasePrincipalPayments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FinanceLeasePrincipalPayments"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FinanceLeasePrincipalPayments" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeasePrincipalPayments" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TransitionServicesMember_01a0d40a-e63e-7475-a133-99ac4e793e66_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TransitionServicesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Transition Services</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TransitionServicesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TransitionServicesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Transition Services [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TransitionServicesMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TransitionServicesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Transition Services</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_TransitionServicesMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_TransitionServicesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_TransitionServicesMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_TransitionServicesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidSalesMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-73cd-a8ec-41a1dd23072b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidSalesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Nuvaxovid sales</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidSalesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidSalesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Nuvaxovid Sales [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidSalesMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidSalesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Nuvaxovid Sales</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_NuvaxovidSalesMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_NuvaxovidSalesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_NuvaxovidSalesMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidSalesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_01a0d40a-e63f-7e74-8863-809cc6c2e0df_negatedLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Gross Unrealized Losses</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-75a3-b93b-a6e1ab0cb859_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Investments Classified as Available-for-sale</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAmortizationMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-76e3-a7d7-340ec3511061_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAmortizationMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront fee amortization</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAmortizationMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAmortizationMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront Fee Amortization [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAmortizationMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAmortizationMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront Fee Amortization</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_UpfrontFeeAmortizationMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_UpfrontFeeAmortizationMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_UpfrontFeeAmortizationMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAmortizationMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage_01a0d40a-e63f-794c-9964-4406374f973b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment penalty percentage</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Prepayment Penalty Percentage</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Prepayment Penalty Percentage</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage" xlink:to="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_01a0d40a-e6ec-77b6-9739-92c104e898c7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Granted (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_01a0d40a-e63f-7185-be76-3cc5c2919ca0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation adjustment</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_01a0d40a-e63f-7c6b-bc6d-426e8e58671d_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation adjustment</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Total Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Total Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_01a0d40a-e6eb-70eb-b0b8-29e2b04fe946_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, par value per share (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract_01a0d40a-e6ec-7b93-836e-e0b7a86fe1ef_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Assets</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_01a0d40a-e63f-7bc4-830e-672355823cc9_periodStartLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding and Unvested, beginning balance (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_01a0d40a-e63f-72c1-93a0-bdb3d9aa4173_periodEndLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding and Unvested, ending balance (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_01a0d40a-e63e-70c4-b60b-b28235854ac3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Basic (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_01a0d40a-e63e-710d-b1ed-9bf720fe4567_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">&#8203;Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ArrangementsAndNonarrangementTransactionsMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7422-a44d-41c6c8806bcc_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ArrangementsAndNonarrangementTransactionsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Arrangements and Non-arrangement Transactions [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ArrangementsAndNonarrangementTransactionsMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ArrangementsAndNonarrangementTransactionsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ArrangementsAndNonarrangementTransactionsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ArrangementsAndNonarrangementTransactionsMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ArrangementsAndNonarrangementTransactionsMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ArrangementsAndNonarrangementTransactionsMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_01a0d40a-e6eb-7ab5-bdff-8d98702730c9_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Number of reportable segments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Reportable Segments</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-7331-90af-30572772b63a_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total current liabilities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AustraliaRevenueAgencyMemberMember_01a0d40a-e63f-74c2-b368-ca64ffbe64af_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AustraliaRevenueAgencyMemberMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Australia Revenue Agency Member</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AustraliaRevenueAgencyMemberMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AustraliaRevenueAgencyMemberMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Australia Revenue Agency Member [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AustraliaRevenueAgencyMemberMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AustraliaRevenueAgencyMemberMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Australia Revenue Agency Member</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_AustraliaRevenueAgencyMemberMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_AustraliaRevenueAgencyMemberMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_AustraliaRevenueAgencyMemberMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_AustraliaRevenueAgencyMemberMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue_01a0d40a-e6eb-785c-8a6b-e1e597ee1e46_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Deferred Revenue</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDeferredRevenue"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f97-8bac-7c893570a08e_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Amortized Cost&#8203;</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Excluding Accrued Interest, before Allowance for Credit Loss</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-78b2-8b7c-359d9987389d_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive income (loss):</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_01a0d40a-e6eb-70b7-907e-6642097e2d06_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_01a0d40a-e6eb-7e5a-9423-7c5a8c4e8d45_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted stock units granted (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_RemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_01a0d40a-e6ec-7a4a-b15e-7a54e13bdb1f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_RemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of transaction price not yet satisfied</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_RemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_RemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_RemainingPerformanceObligationAmount_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_RemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_RemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_RemainingPerformanceObligationAmount"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_RemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" xlink:to="lab_nvax_RemainingPerformanceObligationAmount" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_01a0d40a-e6eb-732f-915d-791866a1d97b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-Based Compensation</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-74e8-b9c5-9532b33edc39_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing MNPI Disclosure</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing MNPI Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_01a0d40a-e6ec-7317-a9f7-d3be76c80869_negatedLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted stock units vested (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-755a-8e0d-2afc32766f16_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6ec-72aa-83b6-5fea8daa2a87_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Basis of Presentation</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProductMember_01a0d40a-e6ec-7750-b96b-495bfbe091bc_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProductMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Product sales</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProductMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProductMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Product [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProductMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProductMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProductMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ProductMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DeferredFinanceCostsGross_01a0d40a-e6ec-72a3-af5b-a4be2e768bac_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DeferredFinanceCostsGross" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt issuance costs</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DeferredFinanceCostsGross_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DeferredFinanceCostsGross" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Issuance Costs, Gross</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DeferredFinanceCostsGross" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredFinanceCostsGross"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DeferredFinanceCostsGross" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DeferredFinanceCostsGross" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateAtPeriodEnd_01a0d40a-e63e-7abd-b6e6-73f1bbb6cb2c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateAtPeriodEnd" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest rate</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateAtPeriodEnd_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateAtPeriodEnd" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate at Period End</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateAtPeriodEnd" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateAtPeriodEnd"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateAtPeriodEnd" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityInterestRateAtPeriodEnd" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_01a0d40a-e6eb-7754-a8e8-f50e5168547c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net income (loss), basic</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Basic</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfAnnualIncrease_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d80-b26a-b0b492863a61_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfAnnualIncrease" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Percentage increase of shares each anniversary</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfAnnualIncrease_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfAnnualIncrease" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Percentage of Annual Increase</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfAnnualIncrease_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfAnnualIncrease" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Percentage of Annual Increase</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfAnnualIncrease" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfAnnualIncrease"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfAnnualIncrease" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardPercentageOfAnnualIncrease" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_01a0d40a-e63e-7f38-9cbe-41380cc5a641_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Level 2</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-7c53-900a-156aba966499_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other income (expense):</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpenseAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche4Member_01a0d40a-e63f-774e-ba18-f8c23c338919_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche4Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 4</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche4Member_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche4Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 4 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche4Member_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche4Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 4</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_Tranche4Member" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_Tranche4Member"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_01a0d40a-e63e-7ae0-a34b-6f553616666d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:to="lab_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsTable_01a0d40a-e6eb-7146-a689-d444047b607b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfCollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsTable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_country_US_01a0d40a-e6eb-7618-9d2e-c22db8370b14_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_country_US" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">United States</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_country_US_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_country_US" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">UNITED STATES</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_country_US" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2026/country-2026.xsd#country_US"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_country_US" xlink:to="lab_country_US" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-7709-9f5e-82d6b89929a5_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsCapitalizedAmount_01a0d40a-e6eb-768d-9085-01bc894ac00f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsCapitalizedAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation capitalized</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsCapitalizedAmount_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsCapitalizedAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Amount Capitalized</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsCapitalizedAmount" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsCapitalizedAmount"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsCapitalizedAmount" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsCapitalizedAmount" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable_01a0d40a-e6eb-72d9-ad40-b49a108cce36_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeSaleOfStockBySubsidiaryOrEquityInvesteeTable_01a0d40a-e6eb-759d-872d-515d3df836e4_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeSaleOfStockBySubsidiaryOrEquityInvesteeTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsidiary or Equity Method Investee, Sale of Stock by Subsidiary or Equity Investee [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeSaleOfStockBySubsidiaryOrEquityInvesteeTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeSaleOfStockBySubsidiaryOrEquityInvesteeTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsidiary or Equity Method Investee, Sale of Stock, Type [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeSaleOfStockBySubsidiaryOrEquityInvesteeTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeSaleOfStockBySubsidiaryOrEquityInvesteeTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeSaleOfStockBySubsidiaryOrEquityInvesteeTable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiaryOrEquityMethodInvesteeSaleOfStockBySubsidiaryOrEquityInvesteeTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-7192-97a0-d7dc7066476b_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid_01a0d40a-e63f-79b6-9c95-cfad857086e3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued expenses</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Capital Expenditures Incurred but Not yet Paid</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63e-7648-baa3-1b567dcab8ba_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_01a0d40a-e6eb-73f6-8892-02b0e8218ddf_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Use of Estimates</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_UseOfEstimates"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf_01a0d40a-e6eb-7071-bd52-a9b1302f8468_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Impairment of assets held for sale</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsToBeDisposedOf" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_UnsecuredDebtMember_01a0d40a-e63e-71ea-85c0-86d1d118f938_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_UnsecuredDebtMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Unsecured Debt</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_UnsecuredDebtMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_UnsecuredDebtMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Unsecured Debt [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_UnsecuredDebtMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_UnsecuredDebtMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_UnsecuredDebtMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_UnsecuredDebtMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_GrantsUSGovernmentContractAndJointVentureAbstract_01a0d40a-e6ec-7cdf-bea2-40d53986c64b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_GrantsUSGovernmentContractAndJointVentureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Grants, U.S. Government Contract and Joint Venture [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_GrantsUSGovernmentContractAndJointVentureAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_GrantsUSGovernmentContractAndJointVentureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Grants, U.S. Government Contract and Joint Venture [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_GrantsUSGovernmentContractAndJointVentureAbstract_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_GrantsUSGovernmentContractAndJointVentureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Grants, U.S. Government Contract and Joint Venture</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_01a0d40a-e6eb-7da2-82e0-5a83036f97e3_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive income (loss)</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CICAndInfluenzaVaccinesMember_01a0d40a-e63f-7e1c-8bab-c854e822931e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CICAndInfluenzaVaccinesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Direct CIC and influenza vaccines</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CICAndInfluenzaVaccinesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CICAndInfluenzaVaccinesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">CIC And Influenza Vaccines [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CICAndInfluenzaVaccinesMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CICAndInfluenzaVaccinesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">CIC And Influenza Vaccines</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_PrepaymentYearAxis_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_PrepaymentYearAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment Year</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_PrepaymentYearAxis" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_PrepaymentYearAxis"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram_01a0d40a-e6eb-7213-86fc-b3d512acf27d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued under incentive programs</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation stock issued under incentive program</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Value of stock issued issued under incentive programs.</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebt_01a0d40a-e6eb-71dc-9a0a-417da4a1d52d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Long-term debt</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebt_01a0d40a-e6eb-7c20-9fa8-1b21efff5f43_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total long-term debt</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Debt</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityPotentiallyRefundable_01a0d40a-e6ec-78b0-a46f-3fa4c38684fa_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityPotentiallyRefundable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue refund</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityPotentiallyRefundable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityPotentiallyRefundable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract With Customer, Liability, Potentially Refundable</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityPotentiallyRefundable_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityPotentiallyRefundable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract With Customer, Liability, Potentially Refundable</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityPotentiallyRefundable" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityPotentiallyRefundable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityPotentiallyRefundable" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityPotentiallyRefundable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d35-bb4d-37df79d03452_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="lab_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-7a6f-93bd-9169e5e672a1_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Reconcile Net Income to Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activity, Increase (Decrease) in Operating Capital [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_01a0d40a-e6eb-7df3-8536-b8f49f8b5968_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activity, Including Discontinued Operation</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Awards Adjustments, Excluding Value Reported in Compensation Table</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Awards Adjustments, Excluding Value Reported in the Compensation Table [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-74b1-a79c-d284f22bb8aa_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities held for sale</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Liabilities, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_01a0d40a-e6ec-7965-8e41-8b32adcde78d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract_01a0d40a-e6ec-7fef-85c3-c2835f86dac8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net income (loss) per share:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share, Basic [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63e-7131-b28e-ddf465768eef_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stockholders' Deficit</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-7256-8a4d-afdce9949d3d_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Expenses:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Costs and Expenses [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName_01a0d40a-e6ec-7b33-af03-bc69acc25d3d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_01a0d40a-e6eb-7c54-9e57-ff7338d7ec5b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt instrument, contractual term</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Term</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentTerm" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue_01a0d40a-e63e-7881-8591-7c4ea6ddfdfb_negatedLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock, cost basis, 3,360,118 shares at September&#160;30, 2026 and 2,393,836 shares at December&#160;31, 2025</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock, Common, Value</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_01a0d40a-e6eb-777d-8cd6-36144d4939aa_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt instrument, interest rate, effective percentage</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Effective Percentage</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToParentDiluted_01a0d40a-e6eb-76dc-a11e-f6622b1e3ce7_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToParentDiluted" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net income (loss), dilutive</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToParentDiluted_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToParentDiluted" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent, Diluted</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToParentDiluted" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToParentDiluted"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToParentDiluted" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToParentDiluted" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_01a0d40a-e6eb-7708-8f0a-51f80da905e8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Granted (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_01a0d40a-e6eb-77a0-be11-bb877395e492_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityShellCompany_01a0d40a-e6eb-769a-a819-557f472e3405_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityShellCompany_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_01a0d40a-e6ec-78b3-98d0-a0e9605937cf_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Authorized (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_BilledContractReceivables_01a0d40a-e63e-75b4-8208-61e69804238a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_BilledContractReceivables" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Billed contracts receivable</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_BilledContractReceivables_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_BilledContractReceivables" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Billed Contracts Receivable</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_BilledContractReceivables" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_BilledContractReceivables"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_BilledContractReceivables" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_BilledContractReceivables" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-79d5-a1f1-4693929b4033_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeAndComprehensiveIncomeAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6ec-7c64-8b72-92b806c95472_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings per Share</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Recovery, Individual Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="lab_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_UnbilledContractsReceivable_01a0d40a-e6ec-705b-8707-34a67db1a9f1_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_UnbilledContractsReceivable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Unbilled contracts receivable</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_UnbilledContractsReceivable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_UnbilledContractsReceivable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Unbilled Contracts Receivable</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_UnbilledContractsReceivable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_UnbilledContractsReceivable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_UnbilledContractsReceivable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_UnbilledContractsReceivable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-7b5a-ada8-a7196d55edb3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net income (loss) per share:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing, How MNPI Considered</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing, How MNPI Considered [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_01a0d40a-e63e-7d9d-b026-8f8fc48c3a8b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="lab_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Peer Group Issuers, Footnote</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Peer Group Issuers, Footnote [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TakedaMember_01a0d40a-e6ec-7990-b271-162c7403987c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TakedaMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Takeda</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TakedaMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TakedaMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Takeda [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TakedaMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TakedaMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Takeda</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_TakedaMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_TakedaMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_TakedaMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_TakedaMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63e-7e78-afa3-5e19584df07c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Product Sales</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting, Entity-Wide Information Not Provided as Part of Reportable Segment, Product and Service, Revenue [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Liabilities_01a0d40a-e6eb-77fe-aab6-b4cc2390be32_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total liabilities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Liabilities_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_TradingSymbol_01a0d40a-e6ec-7b35-a73f-7a81b4ea7a9f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_TradingSymbol_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="lab_dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_01a0d40a-e6eb-7845-b25d-6df95fc27144_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair&#160;Value&#8203;</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_01a0d40a-e6eb-72e2-98b0-fe8fc6a45a7f_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_01a0d40a-e6ec-7722-bbd0-926b3194cc0d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd#srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:to="lab_srt_SegmentGeographicalDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Prior Year End Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Any Prior Year that Fail to Meet Applicable Vesting Conditions During Covered Year</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Prior Year End Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Any Prior Year that Fail to Meet Applicable Vesting Conditions During Covered Year [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPaymentReceivableAnnualAmount_01a0d40a-e6eb-7976-8e14-64f6a4d7c794_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPaymentReceivableAnnualAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative agreement, upfront payment amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPaymentReceivableAnnualAmount_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPaymentReceivableAnnualAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Agreement, Upfront Payment Receivable, Annual Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPaymentReceivableAnnualAmount_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPaymentReceivableAnnualAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Agreement, Upfront Payment Receivable, Annual Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPaymentReceivableAnnualAmount" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPaymentReceivableAnnualAmount"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPaymentReceivableAnnualAmount" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CollaborativeAgreementUpfrontPaymentReceivableAnnualAmount" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pension Adjustments Prior Service Cost</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pension Adjustments Prior Service Cost [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-7a33-b6b4-b1a884d1a142_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">&#8203;Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-7982-a6ca-5b4378a57a49_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Denominator:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Company Selected Measure Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Company Selected Measure Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:to="lab_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain_01a0d40a-e6eb-7914-9eca-661f0b986a9a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock, Name of Transaction [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNameOfTransactionDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt_01a0d40a-e63f-740b-b775-20d053ade230_negatedTerseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Purchases of marketable securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Acquire Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63f-7317-aa83-fea73a545fcb_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts_01a0d40a-e6eb-74e4-aa06-2c1cafd1a835_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization and accretion of debt issuance and exit costs</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs and Discounts</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFee_01a0d40a-e6eb-7439-90bb-cab88af8db9c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFee" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Credit Agreement exit fee</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFee_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFee" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Exit Fee</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFee_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFee" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Exit Fee</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFee" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFee"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFee" xlink:to="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFee" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate_01a0d40a-e63e-70ba-8f46-7d584bb636ed_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest rate</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Debt, Percentage Bearing Fixed Interest, Percentage Rate</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LongTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LongTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LongTermDebtPercentageBearingFixedInterestRate" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivableUnbilledServicesAndDeferredRevenueTableTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-7968-a107-a07c35d83c17_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivableUnbilledServicesAndDeferredRevenueTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Unbilled Services, and Deferred Revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivableUnbilledServicesAndDeferredRevenueTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivableUnbilledServicesAndDeferredRevenueTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Increase (Decrease) In Accounts Receivable, Unbilled Services, and Deferred Revenue [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivableUnbilledServicesAndDeferredRevenueTableTextBlock_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivableUnbilledServicesAndDeferredRevenueTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Increase (Decrease) In Accounts Receivable, Unbilled Services, and Deferred Revenue</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ScheduleOfIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivableUnbilledServicesAndDeferredRevenueTableTextBlock" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ScheduleOfIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivableUnbilledServicesAndDeferredRevenueTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ScheduleOfIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivableUnbilledServicesAndDeferredRevenueTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivableUnbilledServicesAndDeferredRevenueTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax_01a0d40a-e6eb-7bb2-a0c3-ba3f965832d4_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale marketable securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax_01a0d40a-e6eb-7843-8a8a-cdb3a08d3bce_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale marketable securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">OCI, Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Gain (Loss), after Adjustment and Tax</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_YearThreeMember_01a0d40a-e63f-7dc3-b68e-8e0c0fc67552_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_YearThreeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year Three</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_YearThreeMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_YearThreeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year Three [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_YearThreeMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_YearThreeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year Three</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_YearThreeMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_YearThreeMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_YearThreeMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_YearThreeMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperations_01a0d40a-e63f-7d17-8d67-c1f6855b7cf9_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperations_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalent, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalent, Discontinued Operation</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperations"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperations" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_01a0d40a-e6ec-7765-91aa-d76ee85b455d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Noncash Investing and Financing Items [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentCarryingAmount_01a0d40a-e63e-7a7e-a2b3-05282a91112e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentCarryingAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Long term debt, gross</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentCarryingAmount_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentCarryingAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Debt, Gross</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentCarryingAmount" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentCarryingAmount"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentCarryingAmount" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentCarryingAmount" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_01a0d40a-e63e-7c5b-814a-80dbe6e4b580_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Facility [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Facility [Domain]</link:label>
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    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CreditFacilityDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain_01a0d40a-e63e-70e9-b656-a9f3be76c54a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Asset Class [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Asset Class [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_01a0d40a-e63e-700a-a7bf-c6e6cc23ab97_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and amortization</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization, Nonproduction</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-7867-ad8e-f9ed4db8a80e_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Activities:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activity, Including Discontinued Operation [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Recovery Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_01a0d40a-e6eb-70b0-8cb9-6a68f5bad4d5_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized contract cost, amortization</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized Contract Cost, Amortization</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_IndividualAxis_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Individual:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_IndividualAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Individual [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_IndividualAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:to="lab_ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_01a0d40a-e6eb-765d-92b2-5554e134afcf_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_01a0d40a-e6eb-7286-847f-b43eb6a34743_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">&#8203;Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, dilutive (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_01a0d40a-e6ec-7b88-b4af-6ce3e25debf3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue Recognition</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_01a0d40a-e6eb-747e-95a9-af32301288d8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Valuation Assumption Difference, Footnote</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Valuation Assumption Difference, Footnote [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Underlying Security Market Price Change</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Underlying Security Market Price Change, Percent</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:to="lab_ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d16-b6c8-0b1df9d5620d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from credit facility, net of issuance costs</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Lines of Credit</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NonCashRelatedTransactionsForFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset_01a0d40a-e6ec-773c-8a1a-c5856d0c6a08_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NonCashRelatedTransactionsForFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Right-of-use assets from new lease agreements</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NonCashRelatedTransactionsForFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NonCashRelatedTransactionsForFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Cash Related Transactions For Finance Lease, Right-Of-Use Asset</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NonCashRelatedTransactionsForFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NonCashRelatedTransactionsForFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Cash Related Transactions For Finance Lease, Right-Of-Use Asset</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_NonCashRelatedTransactionsForFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_NonCashRelatedTransactionsForFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_NonCashRelatedTransactionsForFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="lab_nvax_NonCashRelatedTransactionsForFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_USTreasurySecuritiesMember_01a0d40a-e63e-7a79-b073-70dc1ba2864b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_USTreasurySecuritiesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_USTreasurySecuritiesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_USTreasurySecuritiesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">US Treasury Securities [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_USTreasurySecuritiesMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_USTreasurySecuritiesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_USTreasurySecuritiesMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_USTreasurySecuritiesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-785e-9549-fc48cff8e584_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_01a0d40a-e6eb-7b61-9ae7-4721a5761d4b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCurrentBorrowingCapacity_01a0d40a-e6eb-79bf-970c-316eb344b1d4_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCurrentBorrowingCapacity" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Loan facility, current available capacity</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCurrentBorrowingCapacity_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCurrentBorrowingCapacity" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility, Current Borrowing Capacity</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCurrentBorrowingCapacity" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityCurrentBorrowingCapacity"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse_01a0d40a-e63f-74e4-9d9a-8b59e156e3bb_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Impairment of long-lived assets</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPricePurchaseDate_01a0d40a-e63e-7f10-9c75-f8823372afeb_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPricePurchaseDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Maximum discount rate</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPricePurchaseDate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPricePurchaseDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Discount from Market Price, Purchase Date</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPricePurchaseDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPricePurchaseDate"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPricePurchaseDate" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPricePurchaseDate" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing Predetermined</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing Predetermined [Flag]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsForCapitalImprovements_01a0d40a-e6eb-7b36-87ea-c4dbb559887a_negatedTerseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsForCapitalImprovements" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Capital expenditures, including internal-use software</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsForCapitalImprovements_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsForCapitalImprovements" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Payments for Capital Improvements</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PaymentsForCapitalImprovements" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForCapitalImprovements"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PaymentsForCapitalImprovements" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsForCapitalImprovements" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d33-a875-ec299dda8424_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock, Common [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_InterestExpenseRelatedToLongTermDebtTableTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6ec-7584-a6b9-7de6e3d5716d_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_InterestExpenseRelatedToLongTermDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Interest Expense</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_InterestExpenseRelatedToLongTermDebtTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_InterestExpenseRelatedToLongTermDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Expense Related to Long Term Debt [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_InterestExpenseRelatedToLongTermDebtTableTextBlock_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_InterestExpenseRelatedToLongTermDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular disclosure of interest expense related to convertible notes.</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_InterestExpenseRelatedToLongTermDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_InterestExpenseRelatedToLongTermDebtTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_InterestExpenseRelatedToLongTermDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_nvax_InterestExpenseRelatedToLongTermDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract_01a0d40a-e63f-7729-927d-3e7b40e83b86_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Intangible Asset, Goodwill and Other [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Intangible Asset, Goodwill and Other [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_01a0d40a-e63e-76aa-9a0e-9b974f6371ec_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate intrinsic value, stock options and vesting RSA's</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Intrinsic Value</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems_01a0d40a-e6eb-7c67-9352-1d13ce104d0b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Marketable Securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems_01a0d40a-e6eb-7759-b4db-67e0ff49ef58_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAvailableForSaleSecuritiesLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1_01a0d40a-e63e-7e86-9824-b58be8109827_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Severance and employee benefit costs</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Severance Costs</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_01a0d40a-e6eb-76df-ab66-2d442386929b_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">APIC, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_01a0d40a-e63e-74e1-a377-0a2e3ffe91b2_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Level 1</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAndMilestones_01a0d40a-e6ec-7e78-ba6f-b024398baee2_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAndMilestones" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront fee and milestones</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAndMilestones_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAndMilestones" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront Fee And Milestones</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAndMilestones_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAndMilestones" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront Fee And Milestones</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_UpfrontFeeAndMilestones" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_UpfrontFeeAndMilestones"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_UpfrontFeeAndMilestones" xlink:to="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeAndMilestones" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_A2023RestructuringPlanMember_01a0d40a-e63f-7498-8781-8ac50f885da7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_A2023RestructuringPlanMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">2023 Restructuring Plan</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_A2023RestructuringPlanMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_A2023RestructuringPlanMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">2023 Restructuring Plan [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_A2023RestructuringPlanMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_A2023RestructuringPlanMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">2023 Restructuring Plan</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_A2023RestructuringPlanMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_A2023RestructuringPlanMember"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-7201-bba0-41d959346c1a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram_01a0d40a-e63f-7c6a-9013-8822c5c8d3b6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued under incentive programs (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Stock Issued Under Incentive Program</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares issued in incentive program.</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ShareBasedCompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationStockIssuedUnderIncentiveProgram" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_YearOneMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-75fb-a26e-42290316de4d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_YearOneMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year One</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_YearOneMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_YearOneMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year One [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_YearOneMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_YearOneMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year One</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_YearOneMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_YearOneMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_YearOneMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_YearOneMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements_01a0d40a-e6eb-751c-9e00-8c89907514e3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Effect of dilutive securities (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Share-Based Payment Arrangements</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SanofiMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7174-b39a-19b8daf33ce6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SanofiMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sanofi</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SanofiMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SanofiMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sanofi [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SanofiMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SanofiMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sanofi</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_SanofiMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_SanofiMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_SanofiMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_SanofiMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FederalStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations_01a0d40a-e6eb-7262-842e-1b2ebfba9869_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FederalStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Federal, state, and local, income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FederalStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FederalStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Federal, State, and Local, Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FederalStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FederalStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FederalStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FederalStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitContinuingOperations" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_01a0d40a-e63e-779a-a998-5ac84c47da7a_periodStartLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding and Unvested, beginning balance (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_01a0d40a-e63e-78a8-871e-f8bb7c07587b_periodEndLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding and Unvested, ending balance (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">All Executive Categories</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">All Executive Categories [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pension Adjustments Service Cost</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pension Adjustments Service Cost [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_01a0d40a-e63f-79f8-a4de-a8ef77757959_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, par value per share (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_01a0d40a-e63f-7cd1-b2e7-3948d04f69a7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Plan Name [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Plan Name [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PlanNameDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_01a0d40a-e6eb-7236-94d1-4fd9fefe57ac_periodStartLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, beginning balance (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_01a0d40a-e6eb-7a66-8e9a-71961b932112_periodEndLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, ending balance (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborativeArrangementAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborativeArrangementAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborativeArrangementAbstract_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborativeArrangementAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CollaborativeArrangementAbstract" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CollaborativeArrangementAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CollaborativeArrangementAbstract" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CollaborativeArrangementAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_MilestoneAmortizationMember_01a0d40a-e63e-712f-9e52-2ffa0ae72b62_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_MilestoneAmortizationMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Milestones amortization</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_MilestoneAmortizationMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_MilestoneAmortizationMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone Amortization [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_MilestoneAmortizationMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_MilestoneAmortizationMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone Amortization</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_MilestoneAmortizationMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_MilestoneAmortizationMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_MilestoneAmortizationMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_MilestoneAmortizationMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-7dd4-88d9-dcab577c931e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Earnings Per Share</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_PfizerMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-745f-ab8d-f2ca979e8ee6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_PfizerMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pfizer</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_PfizerMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_PfizerMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pfizer [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_PfizerMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_PfizerMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pfizer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_PfizerMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_PfizerMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_PfizerMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_PfizerMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_01a0d40a-e6ec-7a9d-acef-e2996951eea5_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate, Maximum</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RoyaltyMember_01a0d40a-e63e-71b1-bccb-65816f63d0b2_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RoyaltyMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Royalties</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RoyaltyMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RoyaltyMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Royalty [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RoyaltyMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RoyaltyMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RoyaltyMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RoyaltyMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_01a0d40a-e6eb-7de9-9a46-88f06136c873_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Name [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Name [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentNameDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromMaturitiesPrepaymentsAndCallsOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_01a0d40a-e63f-7c63-99be-432fa9d00ff6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromMaturitiesPrepaymentsAndCallsOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromMaturitiesPrepaymentsAndCallsOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromMaturitiesPrepaymentsAndCallsOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Maturities, Prepayments and Calls of Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromMaturitiesPrepaymentsAndCallsOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromMaturitiesPrepaymentsAndCallsOfAvailableForSaleSecurities"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_srt_MinimumMember_01a0d40a-e63f-70b4-a1f8-e25b294cd522_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_MinimumMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Minimum</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_MinimumMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_MinimumMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Minimum [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_srt_MinimumMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd#srt_MinimumMember"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Expiration Date</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Arrangement Expiration Date</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" xlink:to="lab_ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CanadaAdvancedPurchaseAgreementMember_01a0d40a-e6ec-759e-8142-1b3024873740_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CanadaAdvancedPurchaseAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Canada Advanced Purchase Agreement</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CanadaAdvancedPurchaseAgreementMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CanadaAdvancedPurchaseAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Canada Advanced Purchase Agreement [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CanadaAdvancedPurchaseAgreementMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CanadaAdvancedPurchaseAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Canada Advanced Purchase Agreement</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CanadaAdvancedPurchaseAgreementMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CanadaAdvancedPurchaseAgreementMember"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_01a0d40a-e6eb-71d2-be6a-0454ac0bdca9_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Effect of exchange rate on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeLocationBalanceAxis_01a0d40a-e63e-73e0-977d-9ab8281f90e3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeLocationBalanceAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement Location [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeLocationBalanceAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeLocationBalanceAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Location, Statement of Income, Balance [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeLocationBalanceAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeLocationBalanceAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeLocationBalanceAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfIncomeLocationBalanceAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="lab_ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure_01a0d40a-e6eb-7a26-83cf-517a460d7e49_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AnnualMilestoneCollaborationPayments_01a0d40a-e6eb-7927-b3bd-7913782825c9_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AnnualMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Annual milestone payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AnnualMilestoneCollaborationPayments_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AnnualMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Milestone Collaboration Payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AnnualMilestoneCollaborationPayments_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AnnualMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Milestone Collaboration Payments</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_AnnualMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_AnnualMilestoneCollaborationPayments"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_01a0d40a-e6eb-7ff1-9cf3-2706f2a94e1f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Remaining term, outstanding (in years)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Grant Date Fair Value of Equity Award Amounts Reported in Summary Compensation Table</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisDomain_01a0d40a-e6eb-767a-84b0-642784ead196_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche Axis [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche Axis [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisDomain_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche Axis [Domain]</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseFacilityAndOtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpenses_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseFacilityAndOtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpenses" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Expense, Facility And Other Research And Development Expenses</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseFacilityAndOtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpenses" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseFacilityAndOtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpenses"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2027Member_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2027Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Five Point Zero Convertible Senior Notes Due 2027 [Member]</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtFairValueDisclosures_01a0d40a-e6ec-7568-94e4-301d549fc046_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtFairValueDisclosures" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total convertible notes payable</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtFairValueDisclosures_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtFairValueDisclosures" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Debt, Fair Value Disclosures</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtFairValueDisclosures" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtFairValueDisclosures"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_01a0d40a-e6eb-7445-be03-9ad6350fa567_periodEndLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Shares exercisable (in shares)</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryFirmPurchaseCommitmentLoss_01a0d40a-e6eb-7128-b361-4e29d2a35e60_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryFirmPurchaseCommitmentLoss" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Firm purchase commitment loss</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryFirmPurchaseCommitmentLoss_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryFirmPurchaseCommitmentLoss" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory, Firm Purchase Commitment, Loss</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InventoryFirmPurchaseCommitmentLoss" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryFirmPurchaseCommitmentLoss"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InventoryFirmPurchaseCommitmentLoss" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InventoryFirmPurchaseCommitmentLoss" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Pension Adjustments Service Cost</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Pension Adjustments Service Cost [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_01a0d40a-e6eb-74b5-8561-636c0745ee7c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Shares Authorized</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_01a0d40a-e6eb-7eb6-8a11-c35043a20b3f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock, Number of Shares Issued in Transaction</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardExrcPrice_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise Price</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardExrcPrice_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Exercise Price</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardExrcPrice"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable_01a0d40a-e6eb-751d-9c05-d8a55fae52a9_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Restructuring and Related Costs [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Cost [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_01a0d40a-e63f-7aad-8ef1-ccc2f15e7dab_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Investing Activities:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activity, Including Discontinued Operation [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_01a0d40a-e6eb-78b6-b151-1a54e31ab597_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1_01a0d40a-e6ec-7d16-b102-4cc6c215b14c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Authorized amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share Repurchase Program, Authorized, Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd#srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" xlink:to="lab_srt_StockRepurchaseProgramAuthorizedAmount1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_01a0d40a-e6ec-79e4-8b25-d01badb99ca5_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Unrecognized compensation expense</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_01a0d40a-e63f-7b28-b91c-f5237a4c61d4_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year-over-Year Change in Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years That are Outstanding and Unvested</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year-over-Year Change in Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years That are Outstanding and Unvested [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SegmentDomain_01a0d40a-e63f-7542-8646-fd19c49075a4_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SegmentDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segments [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SegmentDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SegmentDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segments [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SegmentDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2026_01a0d40a-e63e-7122-ab1f-9508120a71cc_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2026" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt securities due in 2026</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2026_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2026" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Due In 2026</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2026_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2026" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Due In 2026</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2026" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2026"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems_01a0d40a-e63e-7bef-856d-a0cefd2ac984_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation expense:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2027_01a0d40a-e6eb-794b-8fc0-cda9f71535ab_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2027" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt securities due in 2027</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2027_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2027" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Due In 2027</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2027_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2027" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Due In 2027</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2027" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2027"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_srt_EuropeMember_01a0d40a-e63f-7a5e-ad5f-77ae90f52b77_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_EuropeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Europe</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_EuropeMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_EuropeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Europe [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_srt_EuropeMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd#srt_EuropeMember"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2028_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2028" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Due In 2028</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2028_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2028" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Due In 2028</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2028" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2028"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2028" xlink:to="lab_nvax_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestDueIn2028" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet_01a0d40a-e6eb-7259-850f-6881c07004a1_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts receivable</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableNet" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-7544-8f1f-e2bc2400fbd7_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Debt</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions_01a0d40a-e6ec-7809-999e-93e829dcba22_negatedTerseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deductions</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract With Customer, Liability, Deductions</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract With Customer, Liability, Deductions</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductions" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63f-7c8d-9abe-d8faf7036572_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Restructuring and Related Costs</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring and Related Costs [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures, Table</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseSupplierFinanceProgram_01a0d40a-e6ec-745b-be1b-10c9ed6d27fa_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseSupplierFinanceProgram" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Supplier finance programs</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseSupplierFinanceProgram_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseSupplierFinanceProgram" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Expense, Supplier Finance Program</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseSupplierFinanceProgram_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseSupplierFinanceProgram" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Expense, Supplier Finance Program</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseSupplierFinanceProgram" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseSupplierFinanceProgram"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseSupplierFinanceProgram" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseSupplierFinanceProgram" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve_01a0d40a-e6ec-7083-a145-46eaae25e8a7_periodStartLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning balance</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve_01a0d40a-e6ec-70ae-bce2-9418b6ea68cb_periodEndLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Ending balance</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Reserve</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringReserve"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserve" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_01a0d40a-e63e-775f-b9d0-094aac018b38_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Component [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Component [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EquityComponentDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_01a0d40a-e6ec-7c44-96c0-1c9a8f6e4a79_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Secured Debt</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Secured Debt [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SecuredDebtMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_01a0d40a-e6eb-747c-9b57-304e29a618ef_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total expenses</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Costs and Expenses</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adoption Date</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Arrangement Adoption Date</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:to="lab_ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_01a0d40a-e6eb-747b-8762-552a5abf90c2_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Counterparty Name [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Counterparty Name [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd#srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:to="lab_srt_RepurchaseAgreementCounterpartyNameDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_01a0d40a-e63e-7382-8b3e-4008e3a280cc_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total stockholders&#8217; deficit</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_01a0d40a-e63e-7fe6-b383-93cf6c204187_periodStartLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Balance beginning</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_01a0d40a-e63e-73da-96f5-ca6f629c1d3b_periodEndLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Balance ending</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity, Attributable to Parent</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d86-9971-dd4ea3c31416_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Type [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Type [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-7162-a62f-761e79657964_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">ASSETS</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Assets [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentMilestoneCollaborationPayments_01a0d40a-e6eb-704b-a51f-c64266f420c0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Development milestone payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentMilestoneCollaborationPayments_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds Development, Development Milestone Collaboration Payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentMilestoneCollaborationPayments_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds Development, Development Milestone Collaboration Payments</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentMilestoneCollaborationPayments"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AdjuvantProductsThereafterMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7be8-8d14-9b072f70f4c4_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AdjuvantProductsThereafterMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjuvant Products Thereafter</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AdjuvantProductsThereafterMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AdjuvantProductsThereafterMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjuvant Products Thereafter [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AdjuvantProductsThereafterMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AdjuvantProductsThereafterMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjuvant Products Thereafter</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_AdjuvantProductsThereafterMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_AdjuvantProductsThereafterMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_AdjuvantProductsThereafterMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_AdjuvantProductsThereafterMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrIndTitle_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Title</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrIndTitle_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Arrangement, Individual Title</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_TrdArrIndTitle"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:to="lab_ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Disqualification of Tax Benefits, Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Disqualification of Tax Benefits, Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_MilestoneMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-79e5-90a7-7256567eeb21_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_MilestoneMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Milestones</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_MilestoneMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_MilestoneMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_MilestoneMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_MilestoneMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_MilestoneMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_MilestoneMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_MilestoneMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_MilestoneMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-7659-bc17-6f91391fed2b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accounting Policies [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accounting Policies [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement does not require Recovery</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement Does Not Require Recovery [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_01a0d40a-e6eb-7680-8a74-95d622abdceb_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Risk-free interest rate</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:to="lab_ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_01a0d40a-e63f-78fb-bfb5-3359d3e4247c_periodStartLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_01a0d40a-e63f-73d0-a6b9-df926719fdfb_periodEndLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted [Flag]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="lab_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-75d8-b9d0-43806dba8947_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_01a0d40a-e63f-7a94-b13f-207bf686ca60_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, general, and administrative</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_01a0d40a-e63f-738b-b4f8-4a5ae40e2687_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, general, and administrative expense</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, General and Administrative Expense</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DatabaseLockOfAnExistingPhase23ClinicalTrialMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7b3f-93cb-22d01e727978_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DatabaseLockOfAnExistingPhase23ClinicalTrialMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Database lock of an Existing Phase 2/3 clinical trial</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DatabaseLockOfAnExistingPhase23ClinicalTrialMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DatabaseLockOfAnExistingPhase23ClinicalTrialMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Database lock of an Existing Phase 2/3 clinical trial [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DatabaseLockOfAnExistingPhase23ClinicalTrialMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DatabaseLockOfAnExistingPhase23ClinicalTrialMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Database lock of an Existing Phase 2/3 clinical trial</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_DatabaseLockOfAnExistingPhase23ClinicalTrialMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_DatabaseLockOfAnExistingPhase23ClinicalTrialMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_DatabaseLockOfAnExistingPhase23ClinicalTrialMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_DatabaseLockOfAnExistingPhase23ClinicalTrialMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TypeOfRestructuringDomain_01a0d40a-e6eb-7dc1-8bf5-27ef03ac22b8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TypeOfRestructuringDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Type of Restructuring [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TypeOfRestructuringDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TypeOfRestructuringDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Type of Restructuring [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TypeOfRestructuringDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_TypeOfRestructuringDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TypeOfRestructuringDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_TypeOfRestructuringDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_GovernmentBackedSecuritiesMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-782f-957f-a5d14f832225_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_GovernmentBackedSecuritiesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Government-backed securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_GovernmentBackedSecuritiesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_GovernmentBackedSecuritiesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Government Backed Securities [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_GovernmentBackedSecuritiesMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_GovernmentBackedSecuritiesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Represents the information pertaining to government backed securities.</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_GovernmentBackedSecuritiesMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_GovernmentBackedSecuritiesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_GovernmentBackedSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_GovernmentBackedSecuritiesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems_01a0d40a-e6eb-7a0c-82ff-3388e344d54a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting, Entity-Wide Information Not Provided as Part of Reportable Segment, Geographical Area, Revenue and Long-Lived Asset [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting, Entity-Wide Information Not Provided as Part of Reportable Segment, Geographical Area, Revenue and Long-Lived Asset [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63e-78a2-972e-87b5eba93d90_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_01a0d40a-e63e-7b64-82e0-0ba745bf90b8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculations of diluted net income (loss) per share (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments_01a0d40a-e63f-7555-b681-e8c431da2856_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Number of business segments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Operating Segments</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfOperatingSegments" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_01a0d40a-e63f-7714-aa14-37135cbe19c7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted stock units</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfGoodwillTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6ec-7bef-b18d-f7e3b65b088f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfGoodwillTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Goodwill</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfGoodwillTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfGoodwillTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfGoodwillTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfGoodwillTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfGoodwillTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfGoodwillTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_01a0d40a-e63e-7252-a7b5-b7097c85ab5e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AllAdjToCompMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">All Adjustments to Compensation</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AllAdjToCompMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">All Adjustments to Compensation [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AllAdjToCompMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Dividends or Other Earnings Paid on Equity Awards not Otherwise Reflected in Total Compensation for Covered Year</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Dividends or Other Earnings Paid on Equity Awards not Otherwise Reflected in Total Compensation for Covered Year [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_01a0d40a-e6eb-797a-8654-422b89e24cb5_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash used in operating activities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_01a0d40a-e6eb-7ed4-9b77-85bdf49065c3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activity, Including Discontinued Operation</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments_01a0d40a-e63e-7277-acf0-40cf28d6b443_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Development, tech transfer, launch, and sales milestone payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds Development, Development And Sales Milestone Collaboration Payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds Development, Development And Sales Milestone Collaboration Payments</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_01a0d40a-e6ec-7bf0-a145-69f45bff4425_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stockholders' deficit:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity, Attributable to Parent [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-7149-ae35-62ab06513598_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentTransitionReport_01a0d40a-e63e-7739-b145-fdf5ef965384_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentTransitionReport_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="lab_dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-7102-a3eb-7dd25762cd5f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_OtherVaccineDevelopmentProgramsMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-76a6-906b-191d3ca81b70_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_OtherVaccineDevelopmentProgramsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Direct other vaccine development programs</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_OtherVaccineDevelopmentProgramsMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_OtherVaccineDevelopmentProgramsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Vaccine Development Programs [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_OtherVaccineDevelopmentProgramsMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_OtherVaccineDevelopmentProgramsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Vaccine Development Programs</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_OtherVaccineDevelopmentProgramsMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_OtherVaccineDevelopmentProgramsMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_OtherVaccineDevelopmentProgramsMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_OtherVaccineDevelopmentProgramsMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanDomain_01a0d40a-e63e-7fb5-bb26-4464858e7043_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Plan [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Plan [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringPlanDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringPlanDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-78c7-a239-bd8c8968a8cc_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-current finance lease liabilities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockAppreciationRightsSARSMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockAppreciationRightsSARSMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockAppreciationRightsSARSMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockAppreciationRightsSARSMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockAppreciationRightsSARSMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StockAppreciationRightsSARSMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockAppreciationRightsSARSMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StockAppreciationRightsSARSMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-72b1-b2c2-90ea3e004edc_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Assumptions Used in Estimation of Fair Value of Stock</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Share-Based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsByGeographicalAreasTableTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-72a7-9581-d4ed4da12c22_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsByGeographicalAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsByGeographicalAreasTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsByGeographicalAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting, Entity-Wide Information Not Provided as Part of Reportable Segment, Geographical Area, Revenue and Long-Lived Asset [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsByGeographicalAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsByGeographicalAreasTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsByGeographicalAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsByGeographicalAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_01a0d40a-e63f-7b0b-bb99-3555319415ce_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Options</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingRollForward" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentBasisSpreadOnVariableRate1_01a0d40a-e6ec-7fb3-81f6-276978561abb_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentBasisSpreadOnVariableRate1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Basis spread on variable rate</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentBasisSpreadOnVariableRate1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentBasisSpreadOnVariableRate1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentBasisSpreadOnVariableRate1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentBasisSpreadOnVariableRate1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentBasisSpreadOnVariableRate1" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentBasisSpreadOnVariableRate1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CityAreaCode_01a0d40a-e6ec-788a-be12-e9b522eeced7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CityAreaCode_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7714-aeb9-86fd8f60929e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SupportServicesMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7eb8-976b-81a57f71fb00_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SupportServicesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Support services</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SupportServicesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SupportServicesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Support Services [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SupportServicesMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SupportServicesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Support Services</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_SupportServicesMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_SupportServicesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_SupportServicesMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_SupportServicesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AllIndividualsMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">All Individuals</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AllIndividualsMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">All Individuals [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AllIndividualsMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-75a1-8182-062393a56ecf_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Events</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Events [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeAndBenefitExpenses_01a0d40a-e6ec-774b-a3ee-9683d0549a8a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeAndBenefitExpenses" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Employee and benefit expenses</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeAndBenefitExpenses_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeAndBenefitExpenses" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Expense, Employee And Benefit Expenses</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeAndBenefitExpenses_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeAndBenefitExpenses" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Expense, Employee And Benefit Expenses</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeAndBenefitExpenses" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeAndBenefitExpenses"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeAndBenefitExpenses" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeAndBenefitExpenses" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery, Individual Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_01a0d40a-e63f-72f2-aedb-b0f3682aa43b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Unrecognized compensation expense, recognition period</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-GAAP Measure Description</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-GAAP Measure Description [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_01a0d40a-e63e-7273-80d3-039df1b33385_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Per&#160;Share Weighted- Average Fair&#160;Value</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValueRollForward" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleNotesDue2027Member_01a0d40a-e63e-74be-afe8-8777eb1fb019_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleNotesDue2027Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">5.00% Convertible notes due 2027</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleNotesDue2027Member_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleNotesDue2027Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Five Point Zero Convertible Notes Due 2027 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleNotesDue2027Member_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleNotesDue2027Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Five Point Zero Convertible Notes Due 2027</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleNotesDue2027Member" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleNotesDue2027Member"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleNotesDue2027Member" xlink:to="lab_nvax_FivePointZeroConvertibleNotesDue2027Member" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_01a0d40a-e6eb-78f0-921c-88a3e9787575_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseAbstract_01a0d40a-e6ec-77a1-8fd3-86af3ebbbf56_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development expenses:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Expense [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Assets_01a0d40a-e63f-7e96-b61b-725f67cddd43_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Assets" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total assets</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Assets_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Assets" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Assets</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Assets" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_Assets"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_Assets" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_01a0d40a-e6ec-7930-ab30-b31931cc4119_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Shares Issued</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember_01a0d40a-e63e-7503-9478-338ab1a62ffe_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Debt</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Debt [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SettlementAgreementMember_01a0d40a-e63f-7565-b77e-cd3567b3aed2_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SettlementAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement Agreement</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SettlementAgreementMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SettlementAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement Agreement [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SettlementAgreementMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SettlementAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement Agreement</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_SettlementAgreementMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_SettlementAgreementMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_SettlementAgreementMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_SettlementAgreementMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementMaximumDevelopmentalAndSalesMilestonePayments_01a0d40a-e63f-778b-96e0-fe2189a65052_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementMaximumDevelopmentalAndSalesMilestonePayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Maximum developmental and sales milestone payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementMaximumDevelopmentalAndSalesMilestonePayments_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementMaximumDevelopmentalAndSalesMilestonePayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaboration Agreement, Maximum Developmental And Sales Milestone Payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementMaximumDevelopmentalAndSalesMilestonePayments_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementMaximumDevelopmentalAndSalesMilestonePayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaboration Agreement, Maximum Developmental And Sales Milestone Payments</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CollaborationAgreementMaximumDevelopmentalAndSalesMilestonePayments" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CollaborationAgreementMaximumDevelopmentalAndSalesMilestonePayments"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CollaborationAgreementMaximumDevelopmentalAndSalesMilestonePayments" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementMaximumDevelopmentalAndSalesMilestonePayments" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LeaseRightOfUseAsset_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f72-8630-dd8ba4ccf95a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Right-of-use asset, net</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LeaseRightOfUseAsset_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Lease, Right-Of-Use Asset</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LeaseRightOfUseAsset_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Lease, Right-Of-Use Asset</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_LeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_LeaseRightOfUseAsset"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_LeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="lab_nvax_LeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_01a0d40a-e63e-7b92-b11e-e601bceab0aa_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Range of Black-Scholes fair values of ESPP shares granted (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_01a0d40a-e63e-7583-9a7a-b1a111c2e1f9_negatedLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expense</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Expense, Nonoperating</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-7a01-bc43-27c10f14ccff_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Stock Based Compensation Expense</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LicensedCOVID19ProductsAndRoyaltyPaymentsMember_01a0d40a-e63e-75cc-bc74-3e8db7a34ed1_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LicensedCOVID19ProductsAndRoyaltyPaymentsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Licensed COVID-19 products and royalty payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LicensedCOVID19ProductsAndRoyaltyPaymentsMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LicensedCOVID19ProductsAndRoyaltyPaymentsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Licensed COVID-19 Products And Royalty Payments [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LicensedCOVID19ProductsAndRoyaltyPaymentsMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LicensedCOVID19ProductsAndRoyaltyPaymentsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Licensed COVID-19 Products And Royalty Payments</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_LicensedCOVID19ProductsAndRoyaltyPaymentsMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_LicensedCOVID19ProductsAndRoyaltyPaymentsMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_LicensedCOVID19ProductsAndRoyaltyPaymentsMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_LicensedCOVID19ProductsAndRoyaltyPaymentsMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_01a0d40a-e63e-7bd9-96f0-b8d33f08c5ab_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Gross Unrealized Gains</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-78c8-81d0-d01497856b38_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-Based Compensation</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherMember_01a0d40a-e63e-7901-900c-e198eb7e3579_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing, royalties, and other</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing, Royalties, and Other [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Licensing, Royalties, and Other</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_LicensingRoyaltiesAndOtherMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_01a0d40a-e6ec-75e9-bcd8-80b2bd597ec8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds on the issuance of Convertible Senior Notes due 2031, net of issuance costs</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Convertible Debt</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NatureOfOperations_01a0d40a-e63e-7816-825c-dc9f9fd91a7e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NatureOfOperations" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Organization and Business</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NatureOfOperations_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NatureOfOperations" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Nature of Operations [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NatureOfOperations" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NatureOfOperations"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NatureOfOperations" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NatureOfOperations" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeoMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeoMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">PEO</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeoMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeoMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">PEO [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PeoMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PeoMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PeoMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_PeoMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ConvertibleSeniorNotesMember_01a0d40a-e63f-725c-9e8d-a2ab2af60534_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ConvertibleSeniorNotesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Senior Notes</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ConvertibleSeniorNotesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ConvertibleSeniorNotesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Senior Notes [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ConvertibleSeniorNotesMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ConvertibleSeniorNotesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Senior Notes</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ConvertibleSeniorNotesMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ConvertibleSeniorNotesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ConvertibleSeniorNotesMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ConvertibleSeniorNotesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_01a0d40a-e63f-7ed4-8390-33afd584ffc8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_01a0d40a-e63e-7676-a427-2405235135d3_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total stock-based compensation expense</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expense</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerNumberOfPositions_01a0d40a-e63e-76ba-84b9-0dadc6f9761a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerNumberOfPositions" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt securities, available-for-sale, continuous unrealized loss position, 12 months or longer, number of positions</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerNumberOfPositions_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerNumberOfPositions" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Number of Positions</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerNumberOfPositions" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerNumberOfPositions"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerNumberOfPositions" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerNumberOfPositions" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_01a0d40a-e63e-7753-a834-6eba697b8200_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Marketable securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Marketable Securities, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-7c5e-8ef0-6e41d61d92db_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other non-current liabilities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Liabilities, Noncurrent</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Goodwill_01a0d40a-e63f-759c-a36e-2f6d39e5be47_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Goodwill_01a0d40a-e63f-78f7-97c5-a9581e6c9eca_periodStartLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning balance</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Goodwill_01a0d40a-e63f-7013-bdd1-010fd3b2cb30_periodEndLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Ending balance</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Goodwill_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Violation of Home Country Law, Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Violation of Home Country Law, Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_01a0d40a-e63f-7e6b-8008-30486e8c1684_negatedLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Exercised (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TakedaArrangementMember_01a0d40a-e63e-7072-b7a0-6908b8aa9749_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TakedaArrangementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Takeda</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TakedaArrangementMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TakedaArrangementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Takeda Arrangement [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TakedaArrangementMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TakedaArrangementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Takeda Arrangement</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_TakedaArrangementMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_TakedaArrangementMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_TakedaArrangementMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_TakedaArrangementMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_01a0d40a-e63e-7ad1-8597-0652459b55ec_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted stock units granted (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f02-b917-d244ec2fd0c8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-75c6-ab1e-eda71896fe03_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Deficit</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Retained Earnings [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7563-93df-301cb4c6c859_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Money market funds</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Money Market Funds [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_01a0d40a-e63f-7d69-985a-d41781770e5d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted stock units forfeited (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeitures, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Erroneously Awarded Compensation Recovery</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Erroneously Awarded Compensation Recovery [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:to="lab_ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_01a0d40a-e63f-7982-aea8-73c8efd6f039_negatedLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Canceled (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_01a0d40a-e63f-7540-807c-ac6f0a72a5a2_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInStockholdersEquityRollForward" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_01a0d40a-e6eb-73ba-9c2b-633b2e1774e5_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_01a0d40a-e6eb-7040-80bd-2a1437bdf645_periodStartLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Balance beginning (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f86-9642-831faa781b52_periodEndLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Balance ending (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing Disclosures [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember_01a0d40a-e63e-7796-8f58-38829e620616_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate debt securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate Debt Securities [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_01a0d40a-e6eb-7282-a626-4e2e6c821d74_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share, Diluted</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_01a0d40a-e6eb-7b86-979c-ae91af058d9b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_01a0d40a-e63f-78de-aa52-166f905463f1_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash provided by financing activities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activity, Including Discontinued Operation</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum_01a0d40a-e63e-7c69-ba6f-2dde36bd219b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Volatility, maximum</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate, Maximum</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total Shareholder Return Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total Shareholder Return Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_01a0d40a-e63e-72e3-a48b-20b63c3f229f_negatedLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, and other assets</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Prepaid Expense and Other Assets</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract_01a0d40a-e6ec-7b06-896c-ad3d02f8dda0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUnrecongnizedConsideration_01a0d40a-e63f-795c-909e-8c8c12858981_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUnrecongnizedConsideration" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Unrecongnized consideration</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUnrecongnizedConsideration_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUnrecongnizedConsideration" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaboration Agreement Unrecongnized Consideration</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUnrecongnizedConsideration_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUnrecongnizedConsideration" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaboration Agreement Unrecongnized Consideration</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUnrecongnizedConsideration" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CollaborationAgreementUnrecongnizedConsideration"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUnrecongnizedConsideration" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUnrecongnizedConsideration" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax_01a0d40a-e6eb-7bdf-a014-46b8d9100628_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest on convertible notes</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest on Convertible Debt, Net of Tax</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract_01a0d40a-e63f-76f3-89f8-8cdedc10a926_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisAxis_01a0d40a-e63e-7f04-bb84-483d6cf34e3f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche Axis [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche Axis [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisAxis_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche Axis</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_TrancheAxisAxis" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_TrancheAxisAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_TrancheAxisAxis" xlink:to="lab_nvax_TrancheAxisAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NoticePeriodForContractTermination_01a0d40a-e63e-7297-8ee9-caf546fb6f3c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NoticePeriodForContractTermination" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Notice period for contract termination</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NoticePeriodForContractTermination_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NoticePeriodForContractTermination" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Notice Period For Contract Termination</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NoticePeriodForContractTermination_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NoticePeriodForContractTermination" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Notice Period For Contract Termination</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_NoticePeriodForContractTermination" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_NoticePeriodForContractTermination"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_NoticePeriodForContractTermination" xlink:to="lab_nvax_NoticePeriodForContractTermination" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SupplySalesMember_01a0d40a-e6ec-7d14-af03-d9fc40cacb7d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SupplySalesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Supply sales</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SupplySalesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SupplySalesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Supply Sales [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SupplySalesMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SupplySalesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Supply Sales</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_SupplySalesMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_SupplySalesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_SupplySalesMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_SupplySalesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_01a0d40a-e6eb-79ae-b307-c8e4e449e06d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Expense</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-7a39-9767-3ddf6333baf5_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Reconciliation of net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Reconcile Net Income to Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activity [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SanofiTransitionServicesMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f4e-aaec-66170115a924_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SanofiTransitionServicesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sanofi Transition Services</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SanofiTransitionServicesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SanofiTransitionServicesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sanofi Transition Services [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_SanofiTransitionServicesMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_SanofiTransitionServicesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sanofi Transition Services</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_SanofiTransitionServicesMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_SanofiTransitionServicesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_SanofiTransitionServicesMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_SanofiTransitionServicesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-7ef7-b1eb-1ebaec0611a5_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_01a0d40a-e63f-7802-a13c-05c300bcc4bf_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Milestone payment</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_01a0d40a-e63f-738f-a21c-d75a13bffa7a_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue from Contract with Customer, Excluding Assessed Tax</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-729a-a61a-c3e37e5006ad_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Financing Activities:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activity, Including Discontinued Operation [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_01a0d40a-e6eb-79cb-af5b-e0236ea9b2bf_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, net</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant, and Equipment, after Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion, and Amortization</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain_01a0d40a-e6eb-799b-b0fe-45c10d8ad0f5_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Financial Instruments [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Financial Instruments [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_TransfersAndServicingOfFinancialInstrumentsTypesOfFinancialInstrumentsDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_WorkingCapital_01a0d40a-e63f-79b9-b28e-54071c8c39ee_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_WorkingCapital" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Working capital</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_WorkingCapital_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_WorkingCapital" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Working Capital</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_WorkingCapital_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_WorkingCapital" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Working Capital</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_WorkingCapital" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_WorkingCapital"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_WorkingCapital" xlink:to="lab_nvax_WorkingCapital" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringReserveByTypeOfCostTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-748e-9c31-4d4cc90de691_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringReserveByTypeOfCostTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of the Activity within the Accrued Severance and Employee Benefits Liability</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringReserveByTypeOfCostTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringReserveByTypeOfCostTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringReserveByTypeOfCostTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringReserveByTypeOfCostTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringReserveByTypeOfCostTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringReserveByTypeOfCostTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent_01a0d40a-e63e-77c8-8638-d9c0077ce101_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Assets held for sale</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Assets, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AssetsOfDisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyHeldForSale_01a0d40a-e63e-7296-9bc3-0555dad819f4_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyHeldForSale" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from assets held for sale</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyHeldForSale_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyHeldForSale" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Sale, Property, Held-for-Sale</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyHeldForSale" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyHeldForSale"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyHeldForSale" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyHeldForSale" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract_01a0d40a-e6ec-7195-a989-0f83dbeb4736_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Numerator:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Basic [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6ec-7da1-90a1-e58406d0574f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Awards Adjustments, Footnote</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Awards Adjustments, Footnote [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63e-7ffa-bb09-6846b1d9796c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Intangible Asset and Goodwill [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Underlying Securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Underlying Securities Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6ec-7bf0-a440-4a514d0491b6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_01a0d40a-e6eb-7549-a040-577ff716159e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Canceled (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NotesIssued1_01a0d40a-e63e-750c-bf3e-1c4f22256e59_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NotesIssued1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of Convertible Senior Notes due 2031 in exchange for Convertible Senior Notes due 2027</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NotesIssued1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NotesIssued1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Notes Issued</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NotesIssued1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NotesIssued1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NotesIssued1" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NotesIssued1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_01a0d40a-e6ec-7de5-83c6-8d47f625a384_negatedTerseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Inventories</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum_01a0d40a-e63e-71a3-9e51-679d4e2aa993_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Risk-free interest rate, minimum</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Risk Free Interest Rate, Minimum</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_01a0d40a-e6ec-7ca6-9839-56ad00f0a3dd_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d81-a265-733c52ac1beb_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Shares available for grant (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardMaximumEmployeeSubscriptionRate_01a0d40a-e6eb-7bcb-9423-f32707d7a9fb_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardMaximumEmployeeSubscriptionRate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subscription rate cap</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardMaximumEmployeeSubscriptionRate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardMaximumEmployeeSubscriptionRate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Maximum Employee Subscription Rate</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardMaximumEmployeeSubscriptionRate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardMaximumEmployeeSubscriptionRate"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardMaximumEmployeeSubscriptionRate" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardMaximumEmployeeSubscriptionRate" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-7913-9e5d-7544c06d4f8b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ReportableSegmentMember_01a0d40a-e6ec-7c92-bae4-e26c31155c6e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ReportableSegmentMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Reportable Segment</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ReportableSegmentMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ReportableSegmentMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Reportable Segment [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ReportableSegmentMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ReportableSegmentMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Reportable Segment</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ReportableSegmentMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ReportableSegmentMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ReportableSegmentMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ReportableSegmentMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_COVID19VaccineMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7833-859a-8a34264051c3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_COVID19VaccineMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Direct COVID-19 Vaccine</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_COVID19VaccineMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_COVID19VaccineMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">COVID-19 Vaccine [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_COVID19VaccineMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_COVID19VaccineMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">COVID-19 Vaccine</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_COVID19VaccineMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_COVID19VaccineMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_COVID19VaccineMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_COVID19VaccineMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">All Trading Arrangements</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">All Trading Arrangements [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Performance Measure, Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Performance Measure, Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing MNPI Considered</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing MNPI Considered [Flag]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_01a0d40a-e63e-7b7a-962a-2e386d35231a_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income (loss) from operations</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Income (Loss)</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f08-86e1-511dcfcd7ad4_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="lab_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedLaunchMilestonesMember_01a0d40a-e63f-7369-beac-f7f0238f525c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedLaunchMilestonesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">CIC Product-Related Launch Milestones</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedLaunchMilestonesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedLaunchMilestonesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">CIC Product-Related Launch Milestones [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedLaunchMilestonesMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedLaunchMilestonesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">CIC Product-Related Launch Milestones</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CICProductRelatedLaunchMilestonesMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CICProductRelatedLaunchMilestonesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CICProductRelatedLaunchMilestonesMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedLaunchMilestonesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ObligatedPurchasePriceOfRawMaterials_01a0d40a-e6eb-7661-903e-29bfcd87e67e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ObligatedPurchasePriceOfRawMaterials" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Obligated purchase price of raw materials</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ObligatedPurchasePriceOfRawMaterials_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ObligatedPurchasePriceOfRawMaterials" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Obligated Purchase Price of Raw Materials</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ObligatedPurchasePriceOfRawMaterials_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ObligatedPurchasePriceOfRawMaterials" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Obligated Purchase Price of Raw Materials</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ObligatedPurchasePriceOfRawMaterials" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ObligatedPurchasePriceOfRawMaterials"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ObligatedPurchasePriceOfRawMaterials" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ObligatedPurchasePriceOfRawMaterials" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets_01a0d40a-e6eb-714f-a2eb-c64ae9fc27b9_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total long-lived assets</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Lived Asset, Excluding Financial Instrument, Customer Relationship, Mortgage Servicing Right, Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, and Deferred Tax Asset, Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NoncurrentAssets" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TwoThousandFifteenStockIncentivePlanMember_01a0d40a-e63e-7a4b-bf0f-199bb42dc1e1_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TwoThousandFifteenStockIncentivePlanMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">2015&#160;Plan</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TwoThousandFifteenStockIncentivePlanMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TwoThousandFifteenStockIncentivePlanMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Two Thousand Fifteen Stock Incentive Plan [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_TwoThousandFifteenStockIncentivePlanMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_TwoThousandFifteenStockIncentivePlanMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_TwoThousandFifteenStockIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_TwoThousandFifteenStockIncentivePlanMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward_01a0d40a-e6eb-7897-9ac5-c418ad74c466_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringReserveRollForward" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Change in Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Prior Year Equity Awards Vested in Covered Year</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Change in Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Prior Year Equity Awards Vested in Covered Year [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityFileNumber_01a0d40a-e6ec-767b-8fe8-fd91fe1f9a1c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityFileNumber_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_GaviSettlementAgreementMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7532-b5ce-0f9ab085910c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_GaviSettlementAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Gavi Settlement Agreement</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_GaviSettlementAgreementMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_GaviSettlementAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Gavi Settlement Agreement [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_GaviSettlementAgreementMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_GaviSettlementAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Gavi Settlement Agreement</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_GaviSettlementAgreementMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_GaviSettlementAgreementMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_GaviSettlementAgreementMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_GaviSettlementAgreementMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="lab_ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-7b16-a82c-659797b157c7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Option and Appreciation Rights Activity</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f82-b4e6-1c793c9b3a2c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Impairment of long-lived assets</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Asset, Impairment Loss</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AssetImpairmentCharges" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_01a0d40a-e63e-7141-b4c6-211872d0e213_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePriceRollforward" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation Disclosure [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="lab_ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_01a0d40a-e6ec-7b06-aa74-d422e5dda4dc_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares issued (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock, Shares, Issued</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_MeasureAxis_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Measure:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_MeasureAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Measure [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_MeasureAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:to="lab_ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7b16-b6d2-d86b17ceba00_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront fee</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront Fee [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront Fee</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_UpfrontFeeMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_UpfrontFeeMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_UpfrontFeeMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_UpfrontFeeMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_01a0d40a-e6ec-78e3-9512-2f59bbcadb08_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Finished goods</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory, Finished Goods, Gross</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_01a0d40a-e6ec-74a9-80d9-80ab77479061_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock, Common, Shares</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments_01a0d40a-e63f-7b6a-9ae7-a324d8a55166_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Sales milestone payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds Development, Sales Milestone Collaboration Payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds Development, Sales Milestone Collaboration Payments</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentSalesMilestoneCollaborationPayments" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_01a0d40a-e63e-785e-818c-f0534caac7b0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Components [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Components [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_01a0d40a-e6ec-7833-bcda-7548aa3eee1d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Product and Service [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Product and Service [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd#srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:to="lab_srt_ProductsAndServicesDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_01a0d40a-e6eb-7e8c-82c4-d0b21be76dd6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash refunds received for income taxes, net of taxes paid</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Paid, after Refund Received</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions_01a0d40a-e63e-7aeb-8dad-fec65f39487e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Additions</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract With Customer, Liability, Additions</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract With Customer, Liability, Additions</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityAdditions" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AustralianAPAMember_01a0d40a-e63f-793b-abf3-b24418e856a6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AustralianAPAMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Australian APA</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AustralianAPAMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AustralianAPAMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Australian APA [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_AustralianAPAMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_AustralianAPAMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Australian APA</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_AustralianAPAMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_AustralianAPAMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_AustralianAPAMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_AustralianAPAMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_01a0d40a-e6eb-7965-9898-f580a827e11f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Disaggregation of Revenue [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Disaggregation of Revenue [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-7c9f-aa76-f8a0d98e49aa_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityCurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f2e-9161-9cba1540e0c8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Current portion of finance lease liabilities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Finance Lease, Liability, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FinanceLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Other Measure</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Other Measure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramDomain_01a0d40a-e6eb-75a6-b7b6-451dbd7e870b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Supplier Finance Program [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Supplier Finance Program [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntitySmallBusiness_01a0d40a-e6eb-7db2-8565-cc8fd3b25b70_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntitySmallBusiness_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_01a0d40a-e6eb-76d6-b37a-a888e8ffae3d_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive income (loss)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_01a0d40a-e63e-72a4-92dd-8244e52a1577_negatedLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Unamortized debt issuance costs</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Termination Date</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Arrangement Termination Date</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate" xlink:to="lab_ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_August2023SalesAgreementMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7163-bda8-e25948c48253_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_August2023SalesAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">August 2023 Sales Agreement</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_August2023SalesAgreementMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_August2023SalesAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">August 2023 Sales Agreement [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_August2023SalesAgreementMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_August2023SalesAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">August 2023 Sales Agreement</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_August2023SalesAgreementMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_August2023SalesAgreementMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_August2023SalesAgreementMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_August2023SalesAgreementMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-73d1-af51-7093252c5b23_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Events [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Events [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_01a0d40a-e6ec-7676-b20f-2209392b175b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementCompensateServices_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f4d-8e33-fc7d9f9bf34c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementCompensateServices" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensate services</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementCompensateServices_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementCompensateServices" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaboration Agreement Compensate Services</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementCompensateServices_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementCompensateServices" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaboration Agreement Compensate Services</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CollaborationAgreementCompensateServices" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CollaborationAgreementCompensateServices"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CollaborationAgreementCompensateServices" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementCompensateServices" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">MNPI Disclosure Timed for Compensation Value</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">MNPI Disclosure Timed for Compensation Value [Flag]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:to="lab_ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CashAndCashEquivalentsIncludingCorporateDebtSecurities_01a0d40a-e6ec-746c-ae3b-a2ac642d78fa_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CashAndCashEquivalentsIncludingCorporateDebtSecurities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate debt securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CashAndCashEquivalentsIncludingCorporateDebtSecurities_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CashAndCashEquivalentsIncludingCorporateDebtSecurities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash And Cash Equivalents, Including Corporate Debt Securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CashAndCashEquivalentsIncludingCorporateDebtSecurities_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CashAndCashEquivalentsIncludingCorporateDebtSecurities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash And Cash Equivalents, Including Corporate Debt Securities</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CashAndCashEquivalentsIncludingCorporateDebtSecurities" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CashAndCashEquivalentsIncludingCorporateDebtSecurities"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CashAndCashEquivalentsIncludingCorporateDebtSecurities" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CashAndCashEquivalentsIncludingCorporateDebtSecurities" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_01a0d40a-e6ec-7b32-b647-23b953f2bfd6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other current liabilities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Liabilities, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_01a0d40a-e6ec-7763-9e1a-3ee0a3143ce2_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Term (in years)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Expiration Period</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardExpirationPeriod" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_01a0d40a-e63e-75fb-84c4-542da53b3261_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other non-current assets</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Assets, Noncurrent</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentType_01a0d40a-e6eb-7bb9-a2e9-2922d17920ee_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentType_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_01a0d40a-e6eb-7bd6-9d7b-1f2d47766643_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_FourPointSixTwoFiveConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2031Member_01a0d40a-e6eb-7044-9530-9529ac8c653c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_FourPointSixTwoFiveConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2031Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">4.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2031</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_FourPointSixTwoFiveConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2031Member_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_FourPointSixTwoFiveConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2031Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Four Point Six Two Five Convertible Senior Notes Due 2031 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_FourPointSixTwoFiveConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2031Member_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_FourPointSixTwoFiveConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2031Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Four Point Six Two Five Convertible Senior Notes Due 2031</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_FourPointSixTwoFiveConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2031Member" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_FourPointSixTwoFiveConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2031Member"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_FourPointSixTwoFiveConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2031Member" xlink:to="lab_nvax_FourPointSixTwoFiveConvertibleSeniorNotesDue2031Member" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_01a0d40a-e63e-7704-a90a-4300c4fb2e1f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued Liabilities, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt_01a0d40a-e6eb-7271-a24c-c6d783c254c0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on debt extinguishment</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt_01a0d40a-e6eb-7849-85cd-7a7fcb9e69b9_negatedTerseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on debt extinguishment</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_GainsLossesOnExtinguishmentOfDebt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value as of Grant Date</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Grant Date Fair Value</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_01a0d40a-e6eb-7e20-8c3e-5218030b419e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Intrinsic Value</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DeferredRevenueIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-7ab1-a9ac-9593912c81f0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DeferredRevenueIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DeferredRevenueIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DeferredRevenueIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Revenue Increase (Decrease) [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DeferredRevenueIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DeferredRevenueIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Revenue Increase (Decrease)</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_DeferredRevenueIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_DeferredRevenueIncreaseDecreaseAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_DeferredRevenueIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:to="lab_nvax_DeferredRevenueIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PvpTableTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pay vs Performance Disclosure, Table</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PvpTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pay vs Performance [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PvpTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFeePercentage_01a0d40a-e6eb-7971-b153-f47cdbd6ca4f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFeePercentage" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Exit fee percentage</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFeePercentage_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFeePercentage" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Exit Fee, Percentage</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFeePercentage_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFeePercentage" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Exit Fee, Percentage</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFeePercentage" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFeePercentage"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFeePercentage" xlink:to="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentExitFeePercentage" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrDuration_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrDuration" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Arrangement Duration</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrDuration_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrDuration" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Arrangement Duration</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_TrdArrDuration" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_TrdArrDuration"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_TrdArrDuration" xlink:to="lab_ecd_TrdArrDuration" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_01a0d40a-e63e-7a8c-9b8c-8b5c6a3cdd18_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract_01a0d40a-e63f-7616-92b2-6fb6bc0453ab_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d8e-807f-1c2ab71a8cbe_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-7ded-8d34-7d41eff0abca_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-734e-a7b3-89cf471def43_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Noncurrent deferred revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract with Customer, Liability, Noncurrent</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_country_CA_01a0d40a-e63e-7c83-b1cf-491ae04da810_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_country_CA" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Canada</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_country_CA_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_country_CA" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">CANADA</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_country_CA" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2026/country-2026.xsd#country_CA"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_country_CA" xlink:to="lab_country_CA" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_01a0d40a-e63e-705f-8878-738897adec75_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Semi-finished goods</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory, Work in Process, Gross</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcess" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_01a0d40a-e6ec-7469-90a9-83ccb2bedc43_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityRegistrantName_01a0d40a-e6eb-7515-907d-ec3666d01c53_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityRegistrantName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_01a0d40a-e63e-7291-88a5-14e20bc01d1a_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income (loss) before income tax expense</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Not Adopted</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Not Adopted [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-7586-8129-d01243f26b78_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Supplier Finance Program [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Supplier Finance Program [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SupplierFinanceProgramAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_01a0d40a-e63f-77e5-aee8-56391007ecf0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and Contingencies</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Revenues_01a0d40a-e63e-74a4-8a56-ceb1f96516f0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Revenues_01a0d40a-e63e-7e43-a9e0-8b16b2237f30_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Revenues_01a0d40a-e63e-77ff-baba-7ec30d54c4b2_netLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_Revenues_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_Revenues"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Changed Peer Group, Footnote</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Changed Peer Group, Footnote [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_01a0d40a-e6eb-7cfe-a46f-8f11a7819ec0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Expense of Enforcement, Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Expense of Enforcement, Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Executive Category:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Executive Category [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:to="lab_ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1_01a0d40a-e6eb-738e-9b02-57932adc8e13_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Vesting period</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward_01a0d40a-e6eb-7ac0-b208-3688bf40349c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill [Roll Forward]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill [Roll Forward]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillRollForward" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-7377-be3d-14a32ed12e6d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Counterparty Name [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Counterparty Name [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd#srt_CounterpartyNameAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:to="lab_srt_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-7a84-8d28-2675f51b0edc_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; DEFICIT</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities and Equity [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_01a0d40a-e6eb-7718-8fe3-e151706f5de7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Remaining term, exercisable (in years)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryNet_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f34-a0b1-28744d16f9fd_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryNet_01a0d40a-e6eb-74e2-abcc-e738181ab9eb_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total inventory</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryNet_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory, Net</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_01a0d40a-e6eb-7696-91c6-1106e3ba3e82_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Award [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Type [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-7c44-9556-78c58108eaad_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Measurements</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_01a0d40a-e6eb-7de8-b7f8-9760696b8454_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Level 3</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_USGovernmentAgenciesDebtSecuritiesMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-786a-a62f-7ffcb704c62a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_USGovernmentAgenciesDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Agency securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_USGovernmentAgenciesDebtSecuritiesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_USGovernmentAgenciesDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_USGovernmentAgenciesDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_USGovernmentAgenciesDebtSecuritiesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_USGovernmentAgenciesDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_USGovernmentAgenciesDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-764d-a840-849b4e25a97f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_01a0d40a-e6ec-7bf3-8796-8a42bddef07a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Expected term (in years)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeoName_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeoName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PeoName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PeoName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PeoName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PeoName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PeoName" xlink:to="lab_ecd_PeoName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-7cea-8aac-d54c781d38bf_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="lab_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_01a0d40a-e63f-755a-9ddc-549148b7d135_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_01a0d40a-e63f-7c86-85fd-281456410452_periodStartLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue, beginning balance</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_01a0d40a-e63f-725b-bb24-fe6cc9afe0c4_periodEndLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue, ending balance</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract with Customer, Liability</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherItemAmount_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f86-b2f8-496ac2f0b6ba_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherItemAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other segment income (expense)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherItemAmount_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherItemAmount" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting, Other Segment Item, Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherItemAmount" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherItemAmount"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherItemAmount" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SegmentReportingOtherItemAmount" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentVariableRateFloor_01a0d40a-e6ec-77d7-a4e1-38bd37b62a50_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentVariableRateFloor" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Variable rate floor rate</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentVariableRateFloor_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentVariableRateFloor" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Variable Rate Floor</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentVariableRateFloor_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentVariableRateFloor" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Variable Rate Floor</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentVariableRateFloor" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_DebtInstrumentVariableRateFloor"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentVariableRateFloor" xlink:to="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentVariableRateFloor" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Price or TSR Estimation Method</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Price or TSR Estimation Method [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_01a0d40a-e6eb-71d1-bd95-72f659c4cfe2_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_01a0d40a-e6eb-746d-9b51-b21431bd79d9_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total interest expense on long-term debt</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Expense, Debt</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring_01a0d40a-e6eb-737b-b3dc-41e9532082ac_negatedTerseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Payments for Restructuring</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PaymentsForRestructuring" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_01a0d40a-e63e-7f06-a3d5-fc51c59e84c8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Exercised (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_01a0d40a-e6eb-74a9-90b1-664ba9e229ef_periodStartLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d06-b954-78c2cd502785_periodEndLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_01a0d40a-e6eb-7e31-b8bd-a2238a372d8f_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalent, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalent, Continuing Operation</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems_01a0d40a-e63e-7231-8b0c-4a4c20622992_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_01a0d40a-e6eb-77dd-835a-44e64d540ab8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Not Yet Determined</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Not Yet Determined [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Material Terms of Trading Arrangement</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Material Terms of Trading Arrangement [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonNeosMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonNeosMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-NEOs</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonNeosMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonNeosMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-NEOs [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_NonNeosMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_NonNeosMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_NonNeosMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_NonNeosMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_01a0d40a-e6eb-77b8-b620-ded63e9bfeb6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_01a0d40a-e6eb-795d-829e-376c04d1143f_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash, current</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalent, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Vesting Date Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted and Vested in Covered Year</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Vesting Date Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted and Vested in Covered Year [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d95-9750-9e7d88bf0c5f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_01a0d40a-e6ec-7bb6-9604-6728632bf200_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_01a0d40a-e6ec-7e98-8d04-3fc7000717ad_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-cash stock-based compensation</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_PrepaymentYearDomain_01a0d40a-e63e-756f-9228-f36be7ee5183_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_PrepaymentYearDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment Year [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_PrepaymentYearDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_PrepaymentYearDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment Year [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_PrepaymentYearDomain_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_PrepaymentYearDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Prepayment Year [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_PrepaymentYearDomain" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_PrepaymentYearDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_PrepaymentYearDomain" xlink:to="lab_nvax_PrepaymentYearDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain_01a0d40a-e63f-765d-9bf8-2e6515ec032f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Authority, Name [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Authority, Name [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeStockMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7448-9f0a-8f0ce3cd4a9c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeStockMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">ESPP</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeStockMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeStockMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Employee Stock [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeStockMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6ec-7a4a-aa24-a5bfe5bb6663_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Inventory</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfInventoryCurrentTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain_01a0d40a-e63e-7df2-937d-86eb05baf335_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Debt, Type [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Debt, Type [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_01a0d40a-e6eb-77fb-b955-95c07b50d389_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Basic (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings Per Share, Basic</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_01a0d40a-e63e-7468-a99e-5bcb480cfc02_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Raw materials</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory, Raw Materials, Gross</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterials" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-7157-bb5a-5f5ba09ce5b7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-7691-a7ef-2f4fa7ff6b7f_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Current deferred revenue</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract with Customer, Liability, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_01a0d40a-e6ec-7c54-82eb-4c213c947b82_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total current assets</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_RangeAxis_01a0d40a-e63f-712c-a507-45201f13b70d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_RangeAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statistical Measurement [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_RangeAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_RangeAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statistical Measurement [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_srt_RangeAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd#srt_RangeAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="lab_srt_RangeAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Insider Trading Arrangements [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="lab_ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche3Member_01a0d40a-e6eb-746e-9029-4a0c3218ea03_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche3Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 3</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche3Member_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche3Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 3 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche3Member_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche3Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 3</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_Tranche3Member" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_Tranche3Member"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_Tranche3Member" xlink:to="lab_nvax_Tranche3Member" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_01a0d40a-e6eb-7725-aaad-45e0a97715c2_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of sales</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of Revenue</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-70bb-8c19-3c03d92588f6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Type [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Type [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_FirstFourAdjuvantProductsMember_01a0d40a-e63e-783e-908e-9fba7300e4e0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_FirstFourAdjuvantProductsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">First Four Adjuvant Products</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_FirstFourAdjuvantProductsMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_FirstFourAdjuvantProductsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">First Four Adjuvant Products [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_FirstFourAdjuvantProductsMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_FirstFourAdjuvantProductsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">First Four Adjuvant Products</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_FirstFourAdjuvantProductsMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_FirstFourAdjuvantProductsMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_FirstFourAdjuvantProductsMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_FirstFourAdjuvantProductsMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Named Executive Officers, Footnote</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Named Executive Officers, Footnote [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_01a0d40a-e6eb-7205-939a-b1c04a5c89a7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated deficit</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CostReimbursementsMember_01a0d40a-e63e-7b6f-8bb5-868a75f41837_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CostReimbursementsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cost reimbursements</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CostReimbursementsMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CostReimbursementsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cost Reimbursements [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CostReimbursementsMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CostReimbursementsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cost Reimbursements</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CostReimbursementsMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CostReimbursementsMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CostReimbursementsMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CostReimbursementsMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-7713-963c-974b5caf184e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Product and Service [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Product and Service [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="lab_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Change in Present Value of Accumulated Benefit for All Pension Plans Reported in Summary Compensation Table</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Change in Present Value of Accumulated Benefit for All Pension Plans Reported in Summary Compensation Table [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfReportingUnits_01a0d40a-e6eb-73f5-8d69-e902b1e9000f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfReportingUnits" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Number of reporting units</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfReportingUnits_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfReportingUnits" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill, Reporting Unit, Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NumberOfReportingUnits" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfReportingUnits"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NumberOfReportingUnits" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NumberOfReportingUnits" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSecuredDebt_01a0d40a-e6eb-7e8d-98fe-8811fb9f7225_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSecuredDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Amount funded at closing</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSecuredDebt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSecuredDebt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from Issuance of Secured Debt</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSecuredDebt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSecuredDebt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSecuredDebt" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSecuredDebt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-77a1-9c19-0c947ca860c5_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_01a0d40a-e6eb-7cd2-a0af-7e5615b232b1_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_01a1a436-b646-7966-a16a-07d2c0f3f4ca_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Volatility</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-707a-b3bb-cc8aefdd3770_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Authority, Name [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Authority, Name [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember_01a0d40a-e63e-7651-8d3e-5f81bdf6f8e7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Employee Severance</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Employee Severance [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeSeveranceMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementExpense_01a0d40a-e63e-741a-9e04-98d7c1edd973_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Litigation settlement, expense</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementExpense_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Litigation Settlement, Fee Expense</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LitigationSettlementExpense"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementExpense" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementExpense" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected Measure</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected Measure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_dei_CoverAbstract_01a0d40a-e63e-77bc-9290-4eb3a1b7634a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CoverAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_01a0d40a-e6ec-76ed-a714-6b714a1464e8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Dividend yield</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Dividend Rate</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebtExcludingAmortization_01a0d40a-e6eb-7758-8ec3-4e023db7bf91_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebtExcludingAmortization" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebtExcludingAmortization_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebtExcludingAmortization" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Expense, Debt, Excluding Amortization</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebtExcludingAmortization" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebtExcludingAmortization"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_01a0d40a-e63e-7ff6-9433-40ef92fc68b0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Currency translation adjustments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill, Foreign Currency Translation, Gain (Loss)</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss"/>
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    <link:label id="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Awards Adjustments</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_nvax_YearTwoMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7415-8c7d-9a0ab67a246f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_YearTwoMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year Two</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_YearTwoMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_YearTwoMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year Two [Member]</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63f-7583-bd3f-2622d2b1c2ea_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaboration, License, and Supply Agreements</link:label>
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    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_01a0d40a-e6ec-726d-90ed-f75d15fe97e5_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock options</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f33-b1ec-63df684b1311_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting, Entity-Wide Information Not Provided as Part of Reportable Segment, Geographical Area, Revenue and Long-Lived Asset [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting, Entity-Wide Information Not Provided as Part of Reportable Segment, Geographical Area, Revenue and Long-Lived Asset [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_01a0d40a-e63f-7bf2-8590-bed02cf59ec2_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segments [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Segments [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Additional 402(v) Disclosure</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Additional 402(v) Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis_01a0d40a-e63e-79e8-a204-fa90307f5957_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Asset Class [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Asset Class [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges_01a0d40a-e63f-74da-baf5-a83d1ebcdda4_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total Other Restructuring charge</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Charges</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringCharges"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCharges" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_01a0d40a-e63e-7537-98fb-9efa0da7c13b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Plan Name [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Plan Name [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TranslationAdjustmentFunctionalToReportingCurrencyGainLossReclassifiedToEarningsNetOfTax_01a0d40a-e6eb-728e-8bc4-7ac3be6444a7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TranslationAdjustmentFunctionalToReportingCurrencyGainLossReclassifiedToEarningsNetOfTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency transaction gain</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_TranslationAdjustmentFunctionalToReportingCurrencyGainLossReclassifiedToEarningsNetOfTax_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_TranslationAdjustmentFunctionalToReportingCurrencyGainLossReclassifiedToEarningsNetOfTax" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Translation Adjustment Functional to Reporting Currency, Gain (Loss), Reclassified to Earnings, Net of Tax</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_TranslationAdjustmentFunctionalToReportingCurrencyGainLossReclassifiedToEarningsNetOfTax" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_TranslationAdjustmentFunctionalToReportingCurrencyGainLossReclassifiedToEarningsNetOfTax"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_TranslationAdjustmentFunctionalToReportingCurrencyGainLossReclassifiedToEarningsNetOfTax" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_TranslationAdjustmentFunctionalToReportingCurrencyGainLossReclassifiedToEarningsNetOfTax" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantMinimumCashBalance_01a0d40a-e6eb-732e-9d85-1d0729deac93_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantMinimumCashBalance" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Unrestricted cash at least</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantMinimumCashBalance_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantMinimumCashBalance" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Covenant, Minimum Cash Balance</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantMinimumCashBalance_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantMinimumCashBalance" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Covenant, Minimum Cash Balance</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantMinimumCashBalance" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantMinimumCashBalance"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantMinimumCashBalance" xlink:to="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantMinimumCashBalance" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InventoryDisclosureAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular List, Table</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular List [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f90-9c88-56454d3f7f4f_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent_01a0d40a-e6eb-75e3-bfd7-30da8c7255bd_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash, non-current</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalent, Noncurrent</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_01a0d40a-e63f-79fc-8eac-bbecb2c02764_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Additional paid-in capital</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid in Capital</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_RoyaltyPeriod_01a0d40a-e63e-76ef-be66-6f02367add1a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_RoyaltyPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Royalty period</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_RoyaltyPeriod_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_RoyaltyPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Royalty Period</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_RoyaltyPeriod_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_RoyaltyPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Royalty Period</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_RoyaltyPeriod" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_RoyaltyPeriod"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_RoyaltyPeriod" xlink:to="lab_nvax_RoyaltyPeriod" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentsTerm_01a0d40a-e6eb-72a5-9fef-17c2796fc4c7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentsTerm" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Development and sales milestone payments, term</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentsTerm_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentsTerm" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds Development, Development And Sales Milestone Collaboration Payments, Term</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentsTerm_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentsTerm" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds Development, Development And Sales Milestone Collaboration Payments, Term</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentsTerm" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentsTerm"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentsTerm" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentDevelopmentAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentsTerm" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_01a0d40a-e6eb-7747-8997-ea15d91d3f7f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other income, net</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Nonoperating Income (Expense)</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche2Member_01a0d40a-e6eb-7dc3-8e0c-e9bd48f5df8b_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche2Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 2</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche2Member_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche2Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 2 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche2Member_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche2Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 2</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_Tranche2Member" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_Tranche2Member"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_Tranche2Member" xlink:to="lab_nvax_Tranche2Member" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures, Individual Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressCountry_01a0d40a-e6eb-7c3c-b136-ebf4f045b19f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressCountry_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year-end Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Covered Year that are Outstanding and Unvested</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Year-end Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Covered Year that are Outstanding and Unvested [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_01a0d40a-e63e-7abe-9914-dfe9f35148bf_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding (less than)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Intrinsic Value</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_01a0d40a-e6eb-7c9e-b186-4ab33dcea971_negatedNetLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted stock units forfeited (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeited in Period</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUpfrontPayment_01a0d40a-e63f-7055-b91e-398f55a5025f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUpfrontPayment" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront payment</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUpfrontPayment_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUpfrontPayment" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaboration Agreement Upfront Payment</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUpfrontPayment_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUpfrontPayment" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Collaboration Agreement Upfront Payment</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUpfrontPayment" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CollaborationAgreementUpfrontPayment"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUpfrontPayment" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CollaborationAgreementUpfrontPayment" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_01a0d40a-e63e-7995-9004-db4f0d79c986_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_PfizerIncMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7eb2-87f3-237fe17bb142_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_PfizerIncMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pfizer Inc</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_PfizerIncMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_PfizerIncMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pfizer Inc [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_PfizerIncMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_PfizerIncMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pfizer Inc</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_PfizerIncMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_PfizerIncMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_PfizerIncMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_PfizerIncMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedDevelopmentMilestonesMember_01a0d40a-e63f-7773-a5ab-c6fcf29a7daf_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedDevelopmentMilestonesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">CIC Product-Related Development Milestones</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedDevelopmentMilestonesMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedDevelopmentMilestonesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">CIC Product-Related Development Milestones [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedDevelopmentMilestonesMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedDevelopmentMilestonesMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">CIC Product-Related Development Milestones</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CICProductRelatedDevelopmentMilestonesMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CICProductRelatedDevelopmentMilestonesMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CICProductRelatedDevelopmentMilestonesMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CICProductRelatedDevelopmentMilestonesMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_01a0d40a-e63e-7e2f-989a-3bb5d9b2f4c3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized at September&#160;30, 2026 and December&#160;31, 2025; no shares issued and outstanding at September&#160;30, 2026 and December&#160;31, 2025</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock, Value, Issued</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AdjToCompAxis_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Compensation:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AdjToCompAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Compensation [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AdjToCompAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_RestOfTheWorldMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-773c-8c91-7cf6a70e5a14_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_RestOfTheWorldMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Rest of the world</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_RestOfTheWorldMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_RestOfTheWorldMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Rest of the World [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_RestOfTheWorldMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_RestOfTheWorldMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Rest of the World</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_RestOfTheWorldMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_RestOfTheWorldMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_RestOfTheWorldMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_RestOfTheWorldMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_01a0d40a-e63f-729e-9e97-acffeb3e9e69_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_OtherPartnersMember_01a0d40a-e63f-750a-93aa-dd6ff52694c9_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_OtherPartnersMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other partners</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_OtherPartnersMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_OtherPartnersMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Partners [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_OtherPartnersMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_OtherPartnersMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Partners</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_OtherPartnersMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_OtherPartnersMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_OtherPartnersMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_OtherPartnersMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d7f-9852-f2bb8ceff980_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:to="lab_ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AggtErrCompAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AggtErrCompAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AggtErrCompAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_01a0d40a-e6ec-7de1-866b-fcb12e15ecfc_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash interest payments, net of amounts capitalized</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest Paid, Excluding Capitalized Interest, Operating Activity</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPaidNet"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-756a-88c4-17f56006ab7c_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerAdvancePaymentRefundCreditedAgainstOutstandingInvoices_01a0d40a-e63f-7810-b721-b234f15cf7b3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerAdvancePaymentRefundCreditedAgainstOutstandingInvoices" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Advanced payment paid</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerAdvancePaymentRefundCreditedAgainstOutstandingInvoices_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerAdvancePaymentRefundCreditedAgainstOutstandingInvoices" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract With Customer, Advance Payment Refund, Credited Against Outstanding Invoices</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerAdvancePaymentRefundCreditedAgainstOutstandingInvoices_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerAdvancePaymentRefundCreditedAgainstOutstandingInvoices" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract With Customer, Advance Payment Refund, Credited Against Outstanding Invoices</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ContractWithCustomerAdvancePaymentRefundCreditedAgainstOutstandingInvoices" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ContractWithCustomerAdvancePaymentRefundCreditedAgainstOutstandingInvoices"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ContractWithCustomerAdvancePaymentRefundCreditedAgainstOutstandingInvoices" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ContractWithCustomerAdvancePaymentRefundCreditedAgainstOutstandingInvoices" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_01a0d40a-e6ec-7301-ace1-c30f0cfd1a63_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Facility [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Facility [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-79a3-a186-d7e24f62ba99_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring and Related Activities Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RestructuringAndRelatedActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Available</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Arrangement, Securities Aggregate Available Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_01a0d40a-e63e-7000-85b8-5ae28df3029f_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Total cash equivalents and marketable securities</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Fair Value Disclosure</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_MeasureName_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_MeasureName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_MeasureName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_MeasureName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Measure Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_MeasureName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_MeasureName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_MeasureName" xlink:to="lab_ecd_MeasureName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63f-7abf-9c3e-44d39e62b083_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Taxes</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_01a0d40a-e63e-7dfa-bfe1-43c649b480b0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Payable, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pay vs Performance Disclosure [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="lab_ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_01a0d40a-e63e-707e-95ed-24eeab68da40_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Hierarchy [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsFairValueHierarchyDomain" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_01a0d40a-e6eb-7771-a5b8-4f6e195c0c1d_negatedTerseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other items, net</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Other Noncash Income (Expense)</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche1Member_01a0d40a-e63f-73f3-818c-96885283791e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche1Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 1</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche1Member_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche1Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 1 [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_Tranche1Member_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_Tranche1Member" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Tranche 1</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_Tranche1Member" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_Tranche1Member"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_Tranche1Member" xlink:to="lab_nvax_Tranche1Member" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems_01a0d40a-e6eb-7329-8891-d6df99b91894_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PvpTable_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PvpTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pay vs Performance Disclosure</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PvpTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PvpTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pay vs Performance Disclosure [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PvpTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PvpTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_PvpTable" xlink:to="lab_ecd_PvpTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_01a0d40a-e63e-70ae-a77e-9ed69fbc6871_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid-in Capital</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityFilerCategory_01a0d40a-e63e-7842-83c0-82c38f896a84_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityFilerCategory_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrIndName_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_TrdArrIndName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Arrangement, Individual Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_TrdArrIndName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:to="lab_ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_01a0d40a-e6eb-7331-b8b8-bca37aeb5e7b_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_01a0d40a-e6eb-783e-ab52-280a3e8eec98_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalent</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantRoyaltyRevenuePeriod_01a0d40a-e6eb-7c3a-a9c6-f9d71711dca8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantRoyaltyRevenuePeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Royalty revenue period</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantRoyaltyRevenuePeriod_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantRoyaltyRevenuePeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Covenant, Royalty Revenue, Period</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantRoyaltyRevenuePeriod_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantRoyaltyRevenuePeriod" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Instrument, Covenant, Royalty Revenue, Period</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantRoyaltyRevenuePeriod" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantRoyaltyRevenuePeriod"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantRoyaltyRevenuePeriod" xlink:to="lab_nvax_DebtInstrumentCovenantRoyaltyRevenuePeriod" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Company Selected Measure Amount</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Company Selected Measure Amount</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:to="lab_ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentTechTransferLaunchAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentTerm_01a0d40a-e6eb-7e44-81af-54cc860dffd8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentTechTransferLaunchAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentTerm" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds development, tech transfer, launch, and sales milestone collaboration payment, term</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentTechTransferLaunchAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentTerm_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentTechTransferLaunchAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentTerm" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds Development, Tech Transfer, Launch, And Sales Milestone Collaboration Payment, Term</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentTechTransferLaunchAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentTerm_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentTechTransferLaunchAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentTerm" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds Development, Tech Transfer, Launch, And Sales Milestone Collaboration Payment, Term</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentTechTransferLaunchAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentTerm" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentTechTransferLaunchAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentTerm"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentTechTransferLaunchAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentTerm" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ProceedsDevelopmentTechTransferLaunchAndSalesMilestoneCollaborationPaymentTerm" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract_01a0d40a-e6ec-7167-822a-ec60ec8ca83a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantDateExercisePriceMinimumPercent_01a0d40a-e63e-78e7-8e16-c1e2d07b6933_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantDateExercisePriceMinimumPercent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Minimum grant price, percent of common stock fair value</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantDateExercisePriceMinimumPercent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantDateExercisePriceMinimumPercent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Options Grant Date Exercise Price Minimum Percent</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantDateExercisePriceMinimumPercent_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantDateExercisePriceMinimumPercent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">The minimum grant-date exercise price of incentive stock options granted as a percent of the common stock share price.</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantDateExercisePriceMinimumPercent" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantDateExercisePriceMinimumPercent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantDateExercisePriceMinimumPercent" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantDateExercisePriceMinimumPercent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontPayments_01a0d40a-e63e-741d-9101-b94f4c763a06_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontPayments_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront Payments</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_UpfrontPayments_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_UpfrontPayments" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Upfront Payments</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_UpfrontPayments" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_UpfrontPayments"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_UpfrontPayments" xlink:to="lab_nvax_UpfrontPayments" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63e-7421-aa31-1cb321f3fa04_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents Disclosure [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueModificationOfContract_01a0d40a-e63e-7256-adba-9399608688eb_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueModificationOfContract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cumulative catch up adjustment</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueModificationOfContract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueModificationOfContract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Contract with Customer, Asset, Cumulative Catch-up Adjustment to Revenue, Modification of Contract</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueModificationOfContract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueModificationOfContract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueModificationOfContract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetCumulativeCatchUpAdjustmentToRevenueModificationOfContract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidMember_01a0d40a-e63e-7c23-b5ac-8df9053dfbef_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Nuvaxovid</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Nuvaxovid [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Nuvaxovid</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_NuvaxovidMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_NuvaxovidMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_NuvaxovidMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_NuvaxovidMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_01a0d40a-e6eb-7da0-968b-d1c7112bf4d3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Current assets:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Current [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoMember_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_NonPeoNeoMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_NonPeoNeoMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_NonPeoNeoMember" xlink:to="lab_ecd_NonPeoNeoMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_01a0d40a-e63f-70c3-bf1f-013fabc06c34_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_01a0d40a-e63e-79c4-b7e3-d2ca81fc90d1_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted stock units vested (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockLineItems_01a0d40a-e6eb-7594-8198-352fdcd44ebb_verboseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stockholders' Equity</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockLineItems_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockLineItems"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockLineItems" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_01a0d40a-e6eb-7436-96b6-4c0dbcdeaeeb_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income tax expense (benefit)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing Method</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing Method [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProductAndServiceOtherMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7f2d-b2f5-c64fd0b2551a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProductAndServiceOtherMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Product and Service, Other</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ProductAndServiceOtherMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ProductAndServiceOtherMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Product and Service, Other [Member]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ProductAndServiceOtherMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProductAndServiceOtherMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ProductAndServiceOtherMember" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ProductAndServiceOtherMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_01a0d40a-e63e-7302-8a8f-311f6ffb99d9_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalent, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalent, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate Effect and Discontinued Operation</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery, Explanation of Impracticability</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery, Explanation of Impracticability [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LossContingencyAccrualCarryingValueCurrent_01a0d40a-e63e-75e1-81c3-a3ea22134663_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LossContingencyAccrualCarryingValueCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Claim related to performance obligation</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LossContingencyAccrualCarryingValueCurrent_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LossContingencyAccrualCarryingValueCurrent" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Loss Contingency, Accrual, Current</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LossContingencyAccrualCarryingValueCurrent" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LossContingencyAccrualCarryingValueCurrent"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LossContingencyAccrualCarryingValueCurrent" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LossContingencyAccrualCarryingValueCurrent" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum_01a0d40a-e6eb-7cb4-9526-5887e358beb7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Volatility, minimum</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate, Minimum</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CreditAgreementMember_01a0d40a-e63e-7e90-a3c7-9cd8a0a9b5d6_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CreditAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Agreement due 2031</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CreditAgreementMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CreditAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Agreement [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_CreditAgreementMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_CreditAgreementMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Agreement</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_CreditAgreementMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_CreditAgreementMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_CreditAgreementMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_CreditAgreementMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TwoThousandTwentyThreeStockInducementPlanMember_01a0d40a-e6eb-7983-9072-25afcbae3053_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TwoThousandTwentyThreeStockInducementPlanMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">2023 Inducement&#160;Plan</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TwoThousandTwentyThreeStockInducementPlanMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TwoThousandTwentyThreeStockInducementPlanMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Two Thousand Twenty Three Stock Inducement Plan [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_TwoThousandTwentyThreeStockInducementPlanMember_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_TwoThousandTwentyThreeStockInducementPlanMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Two Thousand Twenty Three Stock Inducement Plan</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_TwoThousandTwentyThreeStockInducementPlanMember" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_TwoThousandTwentyThreeStockInducementPlanMember"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_TwoThousandTwentyThreeStockInducementPlanMember" xlink:to="lab_nvax_TwoThousandTwentyThreeStockInducementPlanMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_01a0d40a-e63e-7ddd-a03c-35e79ca8d0c4_totalLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net income (loss)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_01a0d40a-e63e-74d6-b12e-221409b5062e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net (loss) income</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-781c-b560-2f7a9f9a2efe_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Debt, Type [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Term Debt, Type [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LongtermDebtTypeAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Erroneous Compensation Analysis</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Erroneous Compensation Analysis [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementTable_01a0d40a-e6eb-76d3-8a8a-059150b98388_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_StatementTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LiquidityAndGoingConcernPolicyTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-7283-bae6-326702ddbede_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LiquidityAndGoingConcernPolicyTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Liquidity and Going Concern</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LiquidityAndGoingConcernPolicyTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LiquidityAndGoingConcernPolicyTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Liquidity and Going Concern [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_LiquidityAndGoingConcernPolicyTextBlock_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_LiquidityAndGoingConcernPolicyTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Liquidity and Going Concern</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_LiquidityAndGoingConcernPolicyTextBlock" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_LiquidityAndGoingConcernPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_LiquidityAndGoingConcernPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_nvax_LiquidityAndGoingConcernPolicyTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_RestatementDateAxis_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement Determination Date:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_RestatementDateAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement Determination Date [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_RestatementDateAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:to="lab_ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable_01a0d40a-e6ec-72b2-944a-d5b0c853b65d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Table]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTable" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_01a0d40a-e6eb-789f-a1cf-f36036f10754_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Interest income</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Investment Income, Interest</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d72-96a8-0eac31c6b1f8_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Shares exercisable (in usd per share)</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NumberOfDiseaseAreas_01a0d40a-e63f-797e-b856-c870bc6d3fd7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NumberOfDiseaseAreas" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Number of disease areas</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NumberOfDiseaseAreas_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NumberOfDiseaseAreas" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Number Of Disease Areas</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_NumberOfDiseaseAreas_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_NumberOfDiseaseAreas" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Number Of Disease Areas</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_NumberOfDiseaseAreas" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_NumberOfDiseaseAreas"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_NumberOfDiseaseAreas" xlink:to="lab_nvax_NumberOfDiseaseAreas" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementAmountAwardedToOtherParty_01a0d40a-e63e-7421-8c0d-728ed908607a_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementAmountAwardedToOtherParty" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Litigation settlement, amount awarded to other party</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementAmountAwardedToOtherParty_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementAmountAwardedToOtherParty" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Litigation Settlement, Amount Awarded to Other Party</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementAmountAwardedToOtherParty" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LitigationSettlementAmountAwardedToOtherParty"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementAmountAwardedToOtherParty" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_LitigationSettlementAmountAwardedToOtherParty" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_01a0d40a-e6eb-73e9-848f-98c1211b763e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProvisionForExcessAndObsoleteInventory_01a0d40a-e63e-7e2f-9159-6e766f79bd05_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProvisionForExcessAndObsoleteInventory" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Provision for excess and obsolete inventory</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProvisionForExcessAndObsoleteInventory_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProvisionForExcessAndObsoleteInventory" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Provision For Excess And Obsolete Inventory</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ProvisionForExcessAndObsoleteInventory_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ProvisionForExcessAndObsoleteInventory" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Provision For Excess And Obsolete Inventory</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ProvisionForExcessAndObsoleteInventory" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ProvisionForExcessAndObsoleteInventory"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ProvisionForExcessAndObsoleteInventory" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ProvisionForExcessAndObsoleteInventory" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract_01a0d40a-e6ec-7646-8b7b-b5c2b9dd9c39_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue:</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_RevenuesAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationRestrictedStockAwardsActivityTableTextBlock_01a0d40a-e6eb-7d8e-85d1-a6fa96ff348f_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationRestrictedStockAwardsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Share Based Compensation Restricted Stock Awards Activity</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationRestrictedStockAwardsActivityTableTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationRestrictedStockAwardsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Restricted Stock Awards Activity [Table Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationRestrictedStockAwardsActivityTableTextBlock_documentation_en-US" xlink:label="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationRestrictedStockAwardsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Restricted Stock Awards Activity</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_nvax_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationRestrictedStockAwardsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:href="nvax-20260930.xsd#nvax_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationRestrictedStockAwardsActivityTableTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_nvax_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationRestrictedStockAwardsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_nvax_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationRestrictedStockAwardsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_01a0d40a-e63e-743b-82d4-82913a6eae51_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_us-gaap_BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_us-gaap_BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:to="lab_us-gaap_BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pension Benefits Adjustments, Footnote</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pension Benefits Adjustments, Footnote [Text Block]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd#ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock"/>
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