Litigation In the normal course of business, from time to time, the Company is involved in legal proceedings relating to the ownership and operations of its properties. In management’s opinion, the liabilities, if any, that may ultimately result from normal course of business legal actions are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

Kō'ula In January 2025, the Association of Unit Owners of Kō'ula filed two complaints in the Circuit Court of the First Circuit, State of Hawai‘i, against the Company and the general contractor, with one complaint alleging multiple code violations and construction defects (Defect Action) and the other complaint claiming that the Company understated operating costs and disproportionately allocated common expenses to the detriment of unit owners (Budget Action). The Company’s insurance carrier has agreed to defend the Defect Action, while coverage for the Budget Action was denied. The Company filed a motion to consolidate both complaints, which was granted in June 2025, and the Court’s order regarding the same was entered in September 2025. The Company filed motions to dismiss both actions in October 2025, which the Court denied in January 2026. The Company then filed answers to each complaint as well as a counterclaim in the Budget Action, seeking reimbursement of its start-up costs. In March 2026, the Association filed a motion to dismiss the counterclaim, which the Court subsequently denied in June 2026. The trial is presently scheduled for September 2027. The Company has not accrued any amounts related to these claims as the damages are undetermined.

Letters of Credit and Surety Bonds As of September 30, 2026, the Company had outstanding letters of credit totaling $128.7 million and surety bonds totaling $257.2 million. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had outstanding letters of credit totaling $5.2 million and surety bonds totaling $383.1 million. The letters of credit were primarily entered into by Vantage subsidiaries as required under the terms of its credit facilities and certain insurance and reinsurance agreements. The surety bonds were issued primarily in connection with HHC insurance requirements, special real estate assessments, and construction obligations.

Merriweather District To the extent that increases in taxes do not cover debt service payments on the Redevelopment District TIF bonds issued by Howard County, Maryland, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary is obligated to pay special taxes. Management has concluded that, as of September 30, 2026, any obligations to pay special taxes are not probable.