8. Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

Convertible Preferred Stock

In November 2016, the Company completed a private placement of stock in which investors, including investors affiliated with the directors and officers of the Company, purchased convertible preferred stock and common stock of the Company (the November 2016 Placement). The Company issued 2,819,549 shares of Class A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (the Class A Preferred), at $13.30 per share, each of which is convertible into five shares of common stock upon certain conditions defined in the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Class A Preferred filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on November 22, 2016 (the CoD). The Class A Preferred were purchased exclusively by entities affiliated with Redmile Group, LLC (collectively, Redmile). The terms of the CoD prohibited Redmile from converting the Class A Preferred into shares of the Company’s common stock if, as a result of conversion, Redmile, together with its affiliates, would own more than 9.99% of the Company’s common stock then issued and outstanding (the Redmile Percentage Limitation), which percentage could change at Redmile’s election upon 61 days’ notice to the Company to (i) any other number less than or equal to 19.99% or (ii) subject to approval of the Company’s stockholders to the extent required in accordance with the Nasdaq Global Market rules, any number in excess of 19.99%. On May 2, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the issuance of up to an aggregate of 14,097,745 shares of common stock upon the conversion of the outstanding shares of Class A Preferred. As a result, Redmile has the right to increase the Redmile Percentage Limitation to any percentage in excess of 19.99% at its election. The Company also issued 7,236,837 shares of common stock at $2.66 per share as part of the November 2016 Placement. In April 2023, the Company filed with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class A Convertible Preferred Stock which amends the definition of Beneficial Ownership Limitation to be 14.99% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to a Notice of Conversion. In April 2023, 33,441 shares of Class A Preferred were converted into 167,205 shares of the Company’s common stock. In December 2024, 6,022 shares of the Class A Preferred were converted into 30,110 shares of the Company’s common stock. In July 2025, Redmile provided the Company with notice of its intent to increase the Redmile Percentage Limitation from 9.99% to 14.99%, which became effective August 31, 2025.

The Class A Preferred are non-voting shares and are convertible into five shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $2.66 per share, which was the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance. Holders of the Class A Preferred have the same dividend rights as holders of the Company’s common stock. Additionally, the liquidation preferences of the Class A Preferred are pari passu among holders of the Company’s common stock and holders of the Class A Preferred, pro rata based on the number of shares held by each such holder (treated for this purpose as if the Class A Preferred had been converted to common stock).

Pre-Funded Warrants

In January 2021, in conjunction with a public offering, the Company issued pre-funded warrants, in lieu of common stock to certain investors, to purchase 257,310 shares of the Company’s common stock (the 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants). The purchase price for the 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants was $85.499 per pre-funded warrant, which equals the per share public offering price for the shares of common stock less the $0.001 exercise price for each such pre-funded warrant. Given that the 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants are indexed to the Company’s own shares of common stock (and otherwise meet the requirements to be classified in equity), the Company recorded the consideration received from the issuance of the warrants as additional paid-in capital on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

In March 2024, in conjunction with a public offering, the Company issued in a private placement, in lieu of common stock to certain investors, pre-funded warrants to purchase 3,636,364 shares of the Company’s common stock (2024 Pre-Funded Warrants, and collectively with the 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants, the Pre-Funded Warrants). The purchase price for the 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants was $5.499 per pre-funded warrant, which equals the per share public offering price for the shares of common stock issued in the March 2024 public offering, less the $0.001 exercise price for each such pre-funded warrant. Given that the 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants are indexed to the Company’s own shares of common stock (and otherwise meet the requirements to be classified in equity), the Company recorded the consideration received from the issuance of the warrants as additional paid-in capital on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable at any time after the date of issuance. A holder of Pre-Funded Warrants may not exercise the Pre-Funded Warrant if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.99% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. A holder of Pre-Funded Warrants may increase or decrease this percentage not in excess of 19.99% by providing at least 61 days’ prior notice to the Company.

As of September 30, 2026, there were 3,893,674 Pre-Funded Warrants outstanding.

Sale and Issuance of Common Stock under At-The-Market Offering

In November 2023, the Company entered into a sales agreement with Jefferies LLC ("Jefferies"), pursuant to which the Company may, at its discretion, offer and sell shares of its common stock through an at-the-market offering program (the ATM). Under the sales agreement, Jefferies acts as the Company's sales agent for the issuance and sale of shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $100.0 million.

During the three months ended September 30, 2026, the Company sold 2,801,602 shares of common stock under the ATM program for gross proceeds of $8.0 million and net proceeds of $7.6 million, after deducting commissions and issuance costs.

On or about the date hereof, the Company intends to enter into a sales agreement with Leerink Partners LLC providing for the offer and sale, from time to time, of up to $100.0 million in shares of its common stock in an at-the-market offering (the “Leerink ATM Shares”) and concurrently terminated its November 2023 sales agreement with Jefferies. The Company intends to file a prospectus supplement under its existing shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-275402) (the “2023 Shelf S-3”) covering the offer and sale of the Leerink ATM Shares pursuant to the 2023 Shelf S-3, which reaches the third anniversary of its effectiveness on November 27, 2026. Prior to such date, the Company intends to file a new shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (the “New Registration Statement”), which will include a prospectus covering the offer and sale of the Leerink ATM Shares. The Company will not be able to sell any securities, including the Leerink ATM Shares, pursuant to the New Registration Statement until it is declared effective by the SEC. Pending effectiveness of the New Registration Statement, the Company may continue to offer and sell securities under the 2023 Shelf S-3 in accordance with Rule 415(a)(5) under the Securities Act.

Stock Options and Restricted Stock Unit Awards

As of September 30, 2026, the unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding options was $5.6 million and is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.8 years.

As of September 30, 2026, the unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units was $7.0 million which is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.4 years.

Reconciliation of Consolidated Stockholders’ Equity Accounts