Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses |
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| Receivables [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Loans Held for Sale During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, $13.83 billion in CCBX loans sold, $11.00 billion of which was new activity on previously sold credit card receivables. These loans were sold back to partners at par. The Company sells CCBX loans to manage loan portfolio size by partner and by loan category. There were a total of $140.3 million loans held for sale as of September 30, 2026 and $71.2 million loans held for sale as of December 31, 2025. Loans Held for Investment The composition of the loan portfolio is as follows as of the periods indicated:
Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the balances in the preceding table of loans receivable, was $23.9 million and $17.9 million at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and was included in accrued interest receivable on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest on loans is net of an allowance of $958,000 and $616,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Included in commercial and industrial loans as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, is $209.7 million and $210.5 million, respectively, in capital call lines, provided to venture capital firms through one of our BaaS partners. These loans are secured by the capital call rights and are individually underwritten to the Bank’s credit standards by our BaaS partner and the underwriting is reviewed by the Bank on every line/loan. Consumer and other loans includes unplanned overdrafts of $42.0 million and $16.9 million at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Community bank unplanned overdrafts were $18,000 and $10,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and CCBX unplanned overdrafts were $42.0 million and $16.8 million at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The Company, through the Bank, purchases loans from CCBX partners, at par, through agreements with those CCBX partners, and those loans had a remaining balance of $102.2 million as of September 30, 2026 and $134.9 million as of December 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2026, $101.1 million is included in consumer and other loans and $1.1 million is included in commercial and industrial loans, compared to $132.6 million in consumer and other loans and $2.3 million in commercial and industrial loans as of December 31, 2025. The Company, through the Bank, at times purchases individual loans at fair value as of the acquisition date. The Company held purchased loans with remaining balances that totaled $4.3 million as of both September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Unamortized premiums on these loans totaled $80,000 and $84,000 as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and are amortized into interest income over the life of the loans. These loans are included in the applicable loan category depending upon the collateral and purpose of the individual loan. The Company, through the Bank, has purchased participation loans with remaining balances totaling $23.9 million and $26.9 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. These loans are included in the applicable loan category depending upon the collateral and purpose of the individual loan and are underwritten to the Bank's credit standards. The balance of Small Business Administration ("SBA") and United States Department of Agriculture ("USDA") loans and participations sold and serviced for others totaled $2.2 million and $2.5 million at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The gross balance of Main Street Lending Program (“MSLP”) loans participated and serviced for others totaled $23.1 million at both September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, with $1.2 million in MSLP loans on the balance sheet and included in commercial and industrial loans at both September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Servicing is retained on the gross balance. The Company has pledged loans totaling $833.5 million at September 30, 2026 and $895.5 million at December 31, 2025, for borrowing lines at the FHLB and FRB. Loans are pledged to increase and maintain the borrowing capacity of the Bank for liquidity management purposes. The following is a summary of the Company’s loan portfolio segments: Commercial and industrial loans – Commercial and industrial loans are secured by business assets including inventory, receivables and machinery and equipment of businesses located generally in the Company’s primary market area and capital calls on venture and investment funds. Loan types include revolving lines of credit, term loans, and loans secured by liquid collateral such as cash deposits or marketable securities. Also included in commercial and industrial loans are loans to other financial institutions. Additionally, the Company issues letters of credit on behalf of its customers. Risk arises primarily due to the difference between expected and actual cash flows of the borrowers. In addition, the recoverability of the Company’s investment in these loans is also dependent on other factors primarily dictated by the type of collateral securing these loans. The fair value of the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate as market conditions change. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the recovery of the Company’s investment is dependent upon the borrower’s ability to collect amounts due from its customers. As of September 30, 2026, $241.4 million in community bank loans are included in commercial and industrial loans, compared to $224.4 million at December 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2026, $233.5 million in loans originated through CCBX partners are included in commercial and industrial loans, compared to $229.6 million at December 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2026, $209.7 million in CCBX capital call lines are included in commercial and industrial loans compared to $210.5 million at December 31, 2025. Capital call lines are provided to venture capital firms. These loans are secured by the capital call rights and are individually underwritten to the Bank’s credit standards and the underwriting is reviewed by the Bank on every line/loan. Also included in commercial and industrial loans are $23.8 million in unsecured loans originated through CCBX partners as of September 30, 2026, compared to $19.2 million as of December 31, 2025. Construction, land and land development loans – The Company originates loans for the construction of 1-4 family, multifamily and CRE properties in the Company’s market area. Construction loans are considered to have higher risks due to construction completion and timing risk, the ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, government regulation of real property and the availability of long-term financing. Additionally, economic conditions may impact the Company’s ability to recover its investment in construction loans, as adverse economic conditions may negatively impact the real estate market, which could affect the borrower’s ability to complete and sell the project. Additionally, the fair value of the underlying collateral may fluctuate as market conditions change. The Company occasionally originates land loans for the purpose of facilitating the ultimate construction of a home or commercial building. The primary risks include the borrower’s ability to pay and the inability of the Company to recover its investment due to a material decline in the fair value of the underlying collateral. As of September 30, 2026, $248.8 million in community bank loans are included in construction, land and land development loans, compared to $222.1 million at December 31, 2025. Residential real estate loans – Residential real estate includes various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. Included in this segment are first, second and third lien single family loans, occasionally purchased by the Company to diversify its loan portfolio, and rental portfolios secured by one-to-four family homes. Community bank residential real estate loans are closed-end loans secured by first liens on homes and include loans to investors who purchase and lease homes to others. The primary risks of residential real estate loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the collateral, and significant increases in interest rates which may make the property unaffordable, potentially leading to borrower default. As of September 30, 2026, $330.9 million in loans originated through CCBX partners are included in residential real estate loans, compared to $264.1 million at December 31, 2025. These home equity lines of credit are secured by residential real estate and are accessed by using a credit card. Home equity lines of credit are classified as residential real estate per regulatory guidelines. Commercial real estate (includes owner occupied and non-owner occupied) loans – Commercial real estate loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. As of September 30, 2026, $1.29 billion in community bank loans are included in commercial real estate loans, compared to $1.29 billion at December 31, 2025. We have commercial real estate loans totaling $386.7 million that are collateralized by owner-occupied real-estate and $546.2 million that are collateralized by non-owner-occupied real estate, as well as $345.1 million of multifamily residential loans and $13.7 million of farmland loans, as of September 30, 2026, compared to $374.7 million that are collateralized by owner-occupied real-estate and $531.1 million that are collateralized by non-owner-occupied real estate, as well as $367.9 million of multifamily residential loans and $12.2 million of farmland loans as of December 31, 2025. The primary risks of a commercial real estate loan include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the collateralized real estate and significant increases in interest rates, which may reduce the profitability of the underlying property and impair the borrower's ability to service the debt. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Consumer and other loans – The community bank originates a limited number of consumer loans, generally for banking customers only, which consist primarily of lines of credit, saving account secured loans and auto loans. CCBX originates consumer loans including credit cards, charge cards, consumer term loans and secured and unsecured lines of credit. This loan category also includes overdrafts. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrower’s ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral. As of September 30, 2026, $10.7 million in community bank loans are included in consumer and other loans, compared to $14.1 million at December 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2026, $1.64 billion in CCBX loans are included in consumer and other loans, compared to $1.31 billion at December 31, 2025. The following chart breaks out our consumer loan portfolio by segment and loan type as of September 30, 2026. The largest portion of our consumer portfolio is comprised of CCBX installment loans and credit card loans. These loans are further divided to show the total secured and unsecured amounts in each of these categories. The average overall outstanding consumer loan balance is small at $400.
The following chart breaks out our consumer loan portfolio by segment and loan type as of December 31, 2025. The largest portion of our consumer loan portfolio is comprised of CCBX installment loans and credit card loans. These loans are further divided to show the total secured and unsecured amounts in each of these categories. The average overall outstanding consumer loan balance is small at $809.
Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans The following tables illustrate an age analysis of past due loans as of the dates indicated:
There were $31.3 million in CCBX loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest as of September 30, 2026, compared to $33.1 million as of December 31, 2025. This is attributed to loans originated through CCBX lending partners that continue to accrue interest up to 180 days past due. The accrual of interest on community bank loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due or when they are 90 days past due as to either principal or interest, unless they are well secured and in the process of collection. Installment/closed-end and revolving/open-end consumer loans originated through CCBX lending partners typically continue to accrue interest until 120 and 180 days past due, respectively, and an allowance is recorded through provision expense for these expected losses. Certain CCBX partners employ collection practices that place specific loans on nonaccrual status to enhance collectability. As of September 30, 2026, $18.7 million of these nonaccrual CCBX loans were less than 90 days past due, compared to $20.3 million as of December 31, 2025. For installment/closed-end and revolving/open-end consumer loans originated through CCBX lending partners with balances outstanding beyond 120 days and 180 days past due, respectively, principal and capitalized interest outstanding is charged off against the allowance, and accrued interest outstanding is reversed against interest income. These consumer loans are reported as nonperforming/substandard, 90 days or more days past due and still accruing. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all accrued interest is reversed from current period earnings. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally applied as a reduction to the loan principal balance. If the likelihood of further loss is removed, the Company will recognize interest on a cash basis only. Loans may be returned to accruing status if the Company believes that all remaining principal and interest is fully collectible and there has been at least six months of sustained repayment performance since the loan was placed on nonaccrual. An analysis of nonaccrual loans by category consisted of the following at the periods indicated:
In some circumstances, the Company modifies loans in response to borrower financial difficulty, and generally provides for a temporary modification of loan repayment terms. In order for a modified loan to be considered for accrual status, the loan’s collateral coverage generally will be greater than or equal to 100% of the loan balance, the loan is current on payments, and the borrower must either prefund an interest reserve or demonstrate the ability to make payments from a verified source of cash flow for an extended period of time, usually at least six months in duration. There were no modified loans for community bank borrowers experiencing financial difficulty at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The following tables present the CCBX loans at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and were modified in the twelve months previous to the dates presented by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the total CCBX loans of each class is also presented below.
The Company has committed to lend additional amounts totaling $81,000 to the borrowers included in the table above as of September 30, 2026. The performance of loans modified is monitored to understand the effectiveness of the modification efforts. The following tables present the performance of such loans that have been modified in the last 12 months previous to the dates presented:
The following tables present the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the preceding 12 months as of the dates indicated:
The following tables present the total of loans that had a payment default during the preceding 12 months and which were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the 12 months prior to that default.
Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is charged-off against the allowance for credit losses. Therefore, the loan balance is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount. Credit Quality and Credit Risk Federal regulations require that the Company periodically evaluate the risks inherent in its loan portfolio. In addition, the Company’s regulatory agencies have authority to identify problem loans and, if appropriate, require them to be reclassified. The Company establishes loan grades for loans at the origination of the loan. Changes to community bank loan grades are considered at the time new information about the performance of a loan becomes available, including the receipt of updated financial information from the borrower and after loan reviews. For consumer loans, the Bank follows the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy for subsequent classification in the event of payment delinquencies or default. Typically, an individual loan grade will not be changed from the prior period unless there is a specific indication of credit deterioration or improvement. Credit deterioration is evidenced by delinquency, direct communications with the borrower or other borrower information that becomes known to management. Credit improvements are evidenced by known facts regarding the borrower or the collateral property. The Company classifies some loans as Watch or Other Loans Especially Mentioned (“OLEM”). Loans classified as Watch are performing assets but have elements of risk that require more monitoring than other performing loans and are reported in the OLEM column in the following table. Loans classified as OLEM are assets that continue to perform but have shown deterioration in credit quality and require close monitoring. There are three classifications for problem loans: Substandard, Doubtful and Loss. Substandard loans have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Revolving (open-ended loans, such as credit cards) and installment (closed end) consumer loans originated through CCBX partners typically continue to accrue interest until they are charged-off at 120 days past due for installment loans (primarily unsecured loans to consumers) and 180 days past due for revolving loans (primarily credit cards) and are classified as substandard once they are 90 days past due. CCBX partners may place certain loans on nonaccrual status prior to achieving these past due timelines. Doubtful loans have the weaknesses of loans classified as Substandard, with additional characteristics that suggest the weaknesses make collection or recovery in full after liquidation of collateral questionable on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values. There is a high possibility of loss in loans classified as Doubtful. A loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continued classification of the credit as a loan is not warranted. If a loan or a portion thereof is classified as Loss, it must be charged-off, meaning the amount of the loss is charged against the allowance for credit losses, thereby reducing that reserve. Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. The following tables show the risk category of community bank loans by year of origination for the periods indicated, based on the most recent analysis performed as of each period end:
The Company considers the performance of the CCBX loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for credit losses. For CCBX loans, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following tables present the loans in CCBX based on payment activity for the periods indicated:
Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") CCBX loans have a higher level of expected losses than our community bank loans, which is reflected in the factors for the ACL. Agreements with our CCBX partners provide a credit enhancement under which the partner indemnifies or reimburses the Bank for covered credit losses on loans, unfunded commitments and negative deposit accounts. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we estimate expected credit losses on these exposures and record the related provision for credit losses and reserve for unfunded commitments. Concurrently, a credit enhancement asset is recognized through noninterest income (BaaS credit enhancements) representing the expected reimbursement from the partner. The collectability of the credit enhancement asset is evaluated each reporting period and a valuation adjustment is recorded when collection of all or a portion of the asset is no longer considered probable. During the quarter ended June 30, 2026, the Company recorded its initial valuation adjustment of $46.0 million against a portion of the credit enhancement asset related to one CCBX partner following an assessment of the collectability of amounts due under the applicable indemnification arrangement. During the three months ended September 30, 2026, the valuation allowance decreased to $45.6 million, based on management's quarter-end evaluation of the credit enhancement asset, the results of which substantially support the initial valuation allowance established in the quarter ended June 30, 2026. The credit enhancement asset is relieved as credit enhancement payments and recoveries are received from the CCBX partner or taken from the partner's cash reserve account. If the partner is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations under its program agreement then the Bank could be exposed to the loss of the reimbursement and credit enhancement income. Under one partner program agreement, the Company retains ownership of approximately 5% of a $167.5 million loan portfolio and retains the credit losses provision for that portfolio; the loans sold were not part of the Company's credit-loss-retained portion. These sales during the quarter temporarily increased its retained share to approximately 15% of the $167.5 million portfolio, or $25.1 million in loans at September 30, 2026. The Company earns 100% of the interest income on the aforementioned $25.1 million of loans. The following tables summarize the allocation of the ACL, as well as the activity in the ACL attributed to various segments in the loan portfolio, as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025:
There was a provision for unfunded commitments of $1.4 million and $267,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to a provision recapture for unfunded commitments of $1.7 million and provision of $411,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. There was a provision for accrued interest receivable on CCBX loans of $319,000 and $342,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, compared to a provision recapture of $0 and a provision of $602,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. There was a provision for accounts receivable of $0 and $252,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively with no such provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. The following tables present the collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans as of the dates indicated:
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