AFG is the investment manager and it has investments ranging from 5.4% to 100% of the most subordinate debt tranche of eleven active collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), which are considered variable interest entities. AFG also owns portions of the senior debt tranches of certain of these CLOs. Upon formation, these entities issued securities in various senior and subordinate classes and invested the proceeds primarily in secured bank loans, which serve as collateral for the debt securities issued by each CLO. None of the collateral was purchased from AFG. AFG’s investments in the subordinate debt tranches of these entities receive residual income from the CLOs only after the CLOs pay expenses (including management fees to AFG) and interest on and returns of capital to senior levels of debt securities. There are no contractual requirements for AFG to provide additional funding for these entities. AFG has not provided and does not intend to provide any financial support to these entities.

AFG’s maximum exposure to economic loss on the CLOs that it manages is limited to its investment in those CLOs, which had an aggregate fair value of $155 million (including $138 million invested in the most subordinate tranches and $5 million invested in a temporary warehousing entity) at September 30, 2026.

In the first nine months of 2026, AFG formed one new CLO, which issued $404 million face amount of liabilities (including $36 million face amount purchased by AFG). In the first nine months of 2025, AFG formed two new CLOs, which issued $813 million face amount of liabilities (including $80 million face amount purchased by AFG) and three CLOs were substantially liquidated in accordance with the CLO indentures.

The following table shows a progression of the fair value of AFG's investment in CLO tranches and temporary warehousing entities (in millions):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
Balance at beginning of period	$	149	$	148	$	143	$	175
Purchases	44		55		70		130
Sales	(32)		(58)		(35)		(146)
Distributions	(10)		(13)		(23)		(31)
CLO earnings attributable to AFG	4		6		—		10
Balance at end of period	$	155	$	138	$	155	$	138

The revenues and expenses of the CLOs are separately identified in AFG’s Statement of Earnings, after the elimination of management fees and earnings attributable to AFG as measured by the change in the fair value of AFG’s investments in the CLOs. Selected financial information related to the CLOs is shown below (in millions):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
Gains (losses) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities (*):
Assets	$	12	$	(6)	$	(51)	$	(51)
Liabilities	(14)		6		30		44
Management fees paid to AFG	3		3		8		8
CLO earnings attributable to AFG	4		6		—		10

The aggregate unpaid principal balance of the CLOs’ fixed maturity investments exceeded the fair value of the investments by $122 million and $77 million at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Excluding the most subordinated tranches, the carrying value of the CLOs’ debt exceeded the aggregate unpaid principal balance by $1 million and $13 million at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the CLO assets did not include any loans in default for which the CLOs are not accruing interest.

In addition to the CLOs that it manages, AFG had investments in CLOs that are managed by third parties (therefore not consolidated), which are included in available for sale fixed maturity securities and had a fair value of $1.24 billion at September 30, 2026 and $1.16 billion at December 31, 2025.