<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:01a1a31f-9417-7209-8bd7-4ccc2b2e008e,g:0ce84bb3-9121-42e9-abd3-130da2f7c828-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.materion.com/role/DEIDocument" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mtrn-20261104.xsd#DEIDocument"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.materion.com/role/DEIDocument" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_mtrn_DocumentInformationAbstract_01a1a31f-9417-728e-a27e-4438f155026a" xlink:href="mtrn-20261104.xsd#mtrn_DocumentInformationAbstract"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentInformationTable_01a1a31f-9417-757a-896d-ac85f4bb8736" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_mtrn_DocumentInformationAbstract_01a1a31f-9417-728e-a27e-4438f155026a" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentInformationTable_01a1a31f-9417-757a-896d-ac85f4bb8736" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentInformationDocumentAxis_01a1a31f-9417-78ea-95c7-66bf97a72297" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationDocumentAxis"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationTable_01a1a31f-9417-757a-896d-ac85f4bb8736" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentInformationDocumentAxis_01a1a31f-9417-78ea-95c7-66bf97a72297" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentDomain_01a1a31f-9417-70c5-86c1-07bd5790bbdc" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentDomain"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationDocumentAxis_01a1a31f-9417-78ea-95c7-66bf97a72297" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentDomain_01a1a31f-9417-70c5-86c1-07bd5790bbdc" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationTable_01a1a31f-9417-757a-896d-ac85f4bb8736" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_01a1a31f-9417-7eea-9a35-4eb16929e782" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_01a1a31f-9417-7eea-9a35-4eb16929e782" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_01a1a31f-9417-798d-81d3-5c73ab00b187" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_01a1a31f-9417-798d-81d3-5c73ab00b187" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_01a1a31f-9417-78df-af12-bad1b5ab3e33" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_01a1a31f-9417-78df-af12-bad1b5ab3e33" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_01a1a31f-9417-7b09-9e2d-5158d48a91d3" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_01a1a31f-9417-7b09-9e2d-5158d48a91d3" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_01a1a31f-9417-7499-9284-0553cda4871d" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_01a1a31f-9417-7499-9284-0553cda4871d" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_01a1a31f-9417-76d6-89c0-b52cea8c1d1a" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_01a1a31f-9417-76d6-89c0-b52cea8c1d1a" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_01a1a31f-9417-7d5a-9ba5-e73dfbe25006" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="7" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_01a1a31f-9417-7d5a-9ba5-e73dfbe25006" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_01a1a31f-9417-7105-86b0-a9ca373b0bbd" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="8" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_01a1a31f-9417-7105-86b0-a9ca373b0bbd" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_01a1a31f-9417-7db5-851b-0569df035fa5" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="9" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_01a1a31f-9417-7db5-851b-0569df035fa5" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_01a1a31f-9417-7b9b-98dd-d6ec118b6aef" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="10" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_01a1a31f-9417-7b9b-98dd-d6ec118b6aef" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_01a1a31f-9417-7cff-bee8-068bb63a83dd" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="11" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_01a1a31f-9417-7cff-bee8-068bb63a83dd" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_01a1a31f-9417-7c29-a00e-64969c7eb8df" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="12" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_01a1a31f-9417-7c29-a00e-64969c7eb8df" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_01a1a31f-9417-7d07-a70d-3f6a4167d115" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="13" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_01a1a31f-9417-7d07-a70d-3f6a4167d115" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_01a1a31f-9417-7b6c-81b0-32ec5e035f3d" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="14" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_01a1a31f-9417-7b6c-81b0-32ec5e035f3d" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_01a1a31f-9417-741a-85c9-bda643dbc278" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="15" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_01a1a31f-9417-741a-85c9-bda643dbc278" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_01a1a31f-9417-7407-923c-568c0e81a11f" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="16" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_01a1a31f-9417-7407-923c-568c0e81a11f" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_01a1a31f-9417-7bd3-9ca9-3c653e4840da" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="17" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_01a1a31f-9417-7bd3-9ca9-3c653e4840da" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_01a1a31f-9417-777f-8b1c-9e7d14a9fe7c" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="18" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_01a1a31f-9417-777f-8b1c-9e7d14a9fe7c" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_01a1a31f-9417-7964-9736-6cafa7cd6563" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="19" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_01a1a31f-9417-7964-9736-6cafa7cd6563" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_01a1a31f-9417-790f-81a7-e72eeffcf6f9" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="20" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_01a1a31f-9417-790f-81a7-e72eeffcf6f9" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_01a1a31f-9417-7bbb-87a7-6d8cc173be80" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="21" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_01a1a31f-9417-7bbb-87a7-6d8cc173be80" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_01a1a31f-9417-7f33-8fad-1ad9745d4ed0" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="22" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_01a1a31f-9417-7130-9ed5-06fc04b48b60" xlink:to="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_01a1a31f-9417-7f33-8fad-1ad9745d4ed0" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
  </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
