We have engaged in various restructuring programs to strengthen our business and streamline our operations, including

taking actions related to the location and use of leased facilities. Our recent restructuring programs include the following:

•Value Creation Plan - During the fourth quarter of 2024, we approved a broad-based plan to optimize our business

model, which includes reductions in force and lease rationalization activities. We expect to incur approximately $17 of

•Segment Optimization - During the second quarter of 2023, we approved a restructuring plan to reduce operational

costs within targeted areas of the Company, with the primary cost savings driver being from a reduction in workforce.

The following table summarizes the pre-tax charges by activity and program during the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026	2025	2026	2025
Severance and related benefit costs
Value Creation Plan	$2.5	$7.2	$21.6	$32.5
Segment Optimization	–	–	–	0.3
Exit and disposal costs
Value Creation Plan	2.0	0.7	3.3	1.5
Restructuring costs	$4.5	$7.9	$24.9	$34.3

The following table summarizes the pre-tax charges by program and segment during the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026	2025	2026	2025
Academia & Government
Value Creation Plan	$3.2	$3.3	$11.5	$19.9
Intellectual Property
Value Creation Plan	1.9	4.4	13.4	12.4
Segment Optimization	–	–	–	0.3
Total IP	1.9	4.4	13.4	12.7
Unallocated corporate costs(1)	(0.6)	0.2	–	1.7
Restructuring costs	$4.5	$7.9	$24.9	$34.3

The table below summarizes the changes in our restructuring reserves by activity during the periods indicated:


	Severance and related benefit costs	Exit and disposal costs	Total
Reserve balance as of December 31, 2025	$6.0	$–	$6.0
Expenses recorded	21.6	3.3	24.9
Payments made	(25.7)	(2.0)	(27.7)
Noncash items	(0.1)	(0.1)	(0.2)
Reserve balance as of September 30, 2026	$1.8	$1.2	$3.0

Reserve balance as of December 31, 2024	$1.7	$–	$1.7
Expenses recorded	32.8	1.5	34.3
Payments made	(25.9)	(0.9)	(26.8)
Noncash items	(2.6)	–	(2.6)
Reserve balance as of September 30, 2025	$6.0	$0.6	$6.6