Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Fair value is based on current market quotes as available and is supplemented by modeling techniques and assumptions made by the Company to the extent quoted market prices or volatilities are not available. External pricing input availability varies based on commodity location, market liquidity, and term of the agreement. Valuations of derivative assets and liabilities take into account nonperformance risk, including the effect of counterparties’ and the Company’s credit risk. The Company regularly assesses the validity and availability of pricing data for its derivative transactions. Although the Company uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of these instruments, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique.

The primary objective for the use of commodity derivative instruments, including energy contracts, options, swaps, and futures, is to manage price risk associated with forecasted purchases of energy and fuel used to generate electricity, as well as managing anticipated generation capacity in excess of forecasted demand from existing customers. PNM’s energy related derivative contracts manage commodity risk. TNMP does not enter into energy related derivative contracts.

PNM’s operations are managed primarily through a net asset-backed strategy, whereby PNM’s aggregate net open forward contract position is covered by its forecasted excess generation capabilities or market purchases. PNM could be exposed to market risk if its generation capabilities were to be disrupted or if its load requirements were to be greater than anticipated. If all or a portion of load requirements were required to be covered as a result of such unexpected situations, commitments would have to be met through market purchases.

Marketing and procurement of energy often involve market risks associated with managing energy commodities and establishing positions in the energy markets, primarily on a short-term basis. PNM routinely enters into various derivative instruments such as forward contracts, option agreements, and price basis swap agreements to economically hedge price and volume risk on power commitments and fuel requirements and to minimize the effect of market fluctuations. PNM monitors the market risk of its commodity contracts in accordance with approved risk and credit policies.

Under derivative accounting and related rules for energy contracts, PNM accounts for its various instruments for the purchase and sale of energy, which meet the definition of a derivative, based on PNM’s intent. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, and the year ended December 31, 2025, PNM was not hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows from commodity derivatives through designated cash flow hedges. The derivative contracts recorded at fair value that do not qualify or are not designated for cash flow hedge accounting are classified as economic hedges. Economic hedges are defined as derivative instruments, including long-term power agreements, used to economically hedge generation assets, purchased power and fuel costs, and customer load requirements. Changes in the fair value of economic hedges are reflected in Operating income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and are presented in Electric Operating Revenues and Cost of energy according to the intent of the hedge. PNM also uses such instruments under an NMPRC-approved hedging plan to manage fuel and purchased power costs related to customers covered by its FPPAC. Changes in the fair value of instruments covered by its FPPAC are recorded as Regulatory assets and Regulatory liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The cash impacts of settled derivatives are recorded as operating activities or financing activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows consistent with the classification of the hedged transaction. PNM has no trading transactions.

The carrying amounts reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value for cash, receivables, and payables due to the short period of maturity. Investment securities are carried at fair value. Investment securities consist of PNM assets held in the NDT for its share of decommissioning costs of PVNGS, a trust for PNM’s share of decommissioning costs at SJGS, and trusts for PNM’s share of final reclamation costs related to the coal mines serving SJGS and Four Corners. See Note 11. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the fair value of investment securities included $437.4 million and $426.4 million for the NDT, $2.0 million and $6.0 million for the SJGS decommissioning trust, and $60.8 million and $73.2 million for the coal mine reclamation trusts.

PNM records a realized loss as an impairment for any available-for-sale debt security that has a fair value that is less than its carrying value. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, PNM had no available-for-sale debt securities for which carrying value exceeded fair value, where the impairments were considered to be “other than temporary” and included in AOCI rather than recognized in earnings. All gains and losses resulting from sales and changes in the fair value of equity securities are recognized immediately in earnings. Gains and losses recognized on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings related to investment securities in the NDT, SJGS decommissioning, and coal mine reclamation trusts are presented in the following table:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
	(In thousands)
Equity securities:
Net gains from equity securities sold	$	4,837	$	13,438	$	21,104	$	27,371
Net gains (losses) on equity securities still held	(14,678)		(2,070)		(15,434)		6,302
Total net gains (losses) on equity securities	(9,841)		11,368		5,670		33,673
Available-for-sale debt securities:


Net gains (losses) on debt securities	(49)		8		(90)		18
Net gains (losses) on investment securities	$	(9,890)	$	11,376	$	5,580	$	33,691

The proceeds and gross realized gains and losses on the disposition of securities held in the NDT, SJGS decommissioning trust, and coal mine reclamation trusts are shown in the following table. Realized gains and losses are determined by specific identification of costs of securities sold. Gross realized losses shown below exclude the (increase)/decrease in realized impairment losses of less than $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, and zero for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

The Company determines the fair values of its derivative and other financial instruments based on the hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

For investment securities, Level 2 fair values are provided by fund managers utilizing a pricing service. For Level 2 fair values, the pricing provider predominantly uses the market approach using bid side market values based upon a hierarchy of information for specific securities or securities with similar characteristics. Fair values of Level 2 investments in mutual funds are equal to NAV. For commodity derivatives, Level 2 fair values are determined based on market observable inputs, which are validated using multiple broker quotes, including forward price, volatility, and interest rate curves to establish expectations of future prices. Credit valuation adjustments are made for estimated credit losses based on the overall exposure to each counterparty. For the Company’s long-term debt, Level 2 fair values are provided by an external pricing service. The pricing service primarily utilizes quoted prices for similar debt in active markets when determining fair value. Management of the Company independently verifies the information provided by pricing services. Uncategorized investments include common/collective investment trusts and real estate funds which are measured at NAV at the end of each reporting period. Financial statements are received for each fund and reviewed by the Company quarterly with audited financial statements received and reviewed on an annual basis. Fair value for these funds is measured using a practical expedient provided under GAAP that allows the NAV per share to be used as fair value for investments in certain entities that do not have readily determinable fair values and are considered to be investment companies. Investments valued using this practical expedient are not required to be presented within the GAAP fair value hierarchy. Items recorded at fair value by PNM on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented below by level of the fair value hierarchy along with gross unrealized gains on investments in available-for-sale debt securities:


			GAAP Fair Value Hierarchy
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unrealized Gains
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2026
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,564	$	10,564	$	—
Equity securities:
Corporate stocks, common	127,579		127,579		—

Mutual funds and other	224,117		224,117		—

Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. government	36,664		36,664		—		$	12


Corporate and other	2,370		—		2,370		15
Investments categorized within the fair value hierarchy	$	401,294	$	398,924	$	2,370	$	27
Uncategorized collective investment trust	45,195
Real estate funds	39,402
Hedge funds	14,334
Total investment securities	$	500,225


	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unrealized Gains
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2025

Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,469	$	33,469	$	—
Equity securities:
Corporate stocks, common	154,790		154,790		—

Mutual funds and other	202,995		202,995		—
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. government	30,619		30,619		—		$	227


Corporate and other	5,731		—		5,731		102
Investments categorized within the fair value hierarchy	$	427,604	$	421,873	$	5,731	$	329
Uncategorized collective investment trust	45,144
Real estate funds	20,307
Hedge funds	12,600
Total investment securities	$	505,655