sbsi-20260930

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2026


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission file number: 001-42396

SOUTHSIDE BANCSHARES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas

75-1848732

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

1201 S. Beckham Avenue,

Tyler,

Texas

75701

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

903-531-7111

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $1.25 par value

SBSI

New York Stock Exchange

NYSE Texas

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large Accelerated Filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the issuer’s common stock, par value $1.25, outstanding as of October 26, 2026 was 29,781,334 shares.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS			1
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS			3
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME			4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)			5
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY			6
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS			8
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS			10
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS			42
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK			65
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES			66
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS			66
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS			66
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS			67
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES			67
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES			67
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION			67
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS			68
EXHIBIT INDEX			68
SIGNATURES			69

Table of Contents

SOUTHSIDE BANCSHARES, INC.

Glossary of Acronyms, Abbreviations and Terms

The acronyms, abbreviations and terms listed below are used in various sections of this Form 10-Q, including "Item 1. Financial Statements" and "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."


Entities:
Southside Bancshares, Inc.						Bank holding company for Southside Bank
Southside Bank						Texas state bank and wholly owned subsidiary of Southside Bancshares, Inc.
Company						Combined entities of Southside Bancshares, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including Southside Bank
Bank						Southside Bank
Southside						Southside Bancshares, Inc.

Other Acronyms, Abbreviations and Terms:
2025 Form 10-K						Southside Bancshares, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2026
401(k) Plan						401(k) Defined Contribution Plan
Acquired Retirement Plan						OmniAmerican Bank Defined Benefit Pension Plan
AFS						Available for sale
AI						Artificial intelligence
ALCO						Asset/Liability Committee
AOCI						Accumulated other comprehensive income or loss
ASC						Accounting Standards Codification
ASU						Accounting Standards Update issued by the FASB
ATM						Automated teller machines
Basel Committee						Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
Board						Board of directors
BOLI						Bank owned life insurance
CDs						Certificates of deposit
CECL						ASC 326, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses, also known as Current Expected Credit Losses
CET1						Common Equity Tier 1
CMOs						Collateralized mortgage obligations
CRE						Commercial real estate
ESOP						Employee Stock Ownership Plan
ETR						Effective tax rate
Exchange Act						Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASB						Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC						Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Reserve						The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FHLB						Federal Home Loan Bank
FRBNY						Federal Reserve Bank of New York
FRDW						Federal Reserve Discount Window
FTE						Fully-taxable equivalents measurements (non-GAAP)
GAAP						U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
GSEs						U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
Guidelines						Interagency Guidelines Prescribing Standards for Safety and Soundness adopted by federal banking agencies

Southside Bancshares, Inc. |1

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HTM						Held to maturity
ITM						Interactive teller machines
MBS						Mortgage-backed securities
MVPE						Market value of portfolio equity
OREO						Other real estate owned
Plan						Stock Repurchase Plan
Repurchase agreements						Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Restoration Plan						Nonfunded supplemental retirement plan
Retirement Plan						Defined benefit pension plan
ROU						Right-of-use


SEC						U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
SOFR						Secured Overnight Financing Rate provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
U.S.						United States

Southside Bancshares, Inc. |2

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SOUTHSIDE BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except share amounts)


	September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025

ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	69,245	$	81,080
Interest earning deposits	316,002		302,906
Federal funds sold	51,138		5,800
Total cash and cash equivalents	436,385		389,786
Securities:
Securities AFS, at estimated fair value (amortized cost of $1,716,763 and $1,456,986, respectively)	1,623,499		1,456,219
Securities HTM (estimated fair value of $961,398 and $1,103,304, respectively)	1,207,495		1,247,477
FHLB stock, at cost	43,659		14,062
Equity investments	9,337		9,574
Loans held for sale	969		1,332
Loans:
Loans	4,958,689		4,817,991
Less: Allowance for loan losses	(46,858)		(45,100)
Net loans	4,911,831		4,772,891
Premises and equipment, net	156,377		152,293
Operating lease ROU assets	11,852		12,398
Goodwill	201,116		201,116
Other intangible assets, net	650		1,012
Interest receivable	37,424		41,809
Deferred tax asset, net	42,048		27,059


BOLI	147,206		145,125
Other assets	35,210		42,437
Total assets	$	8,865,058	$	8,514,590

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing	$	1,403,933	$	1,433,129
Interest bearing	4,609,854		5,432,030
Total deposits	6,013,787		6,865,159
Other borrowings	894,605		208,657
FHLB borrowings	800,750		211,136
Subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	147,635		239,678
Trust preferred subordinated debentures, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	60,283		60,279


Operating lease liabilities	13,786		14,335
Other liabilities	91,328		67,731
Total liabilities	8,022,174		7,666,975

Off-balance-sheet arrangements, commitments and contingencies (Note 12)

Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock: (no par value, 8,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding)	—		—
Common stock: ($1.25 par value, 80,000,000 shares authorized, 38,131,170 shares issued at September 30, 2026 and 38,110,078 shares issued at December 31, 2025)	47,664		47,638
Paid-in capital	798,553		795,759
Retained earnings	397,610		352,193
Treasury stock: (shares at cost, 8,314,016 at September 30, 2026 and 8,387,077 at December 31, 2025)	(251,096)		(252,358)
AOCI	(149,847)		(95,617)
Total shareholders’ equity	842,884		847,615
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	8,865,058	$	8,514,590

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Southside Bancshares, Inc. |3

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SOUTHSIDE BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
Interest income:
Loans	$	72,926	$	69,699	$	215,802	$	204,538
Taxable investment securities	4,906		5,578		14,241		18,146
Tax-exempt investment securities	6,140		8,245		18,439		25,209
MBS	19,698		14,174		56,068		40,737
FHLB stock and equity investments	525		374		989		1,381
Other interest earning assets	2,675		3,826		7,507		10,735
Total interest and dividend income	106,870		101,896		313,046		300,746
Interest expense:
Deposits	29,150		38,758		95,993		113,432
FHLB borrowings	9,025		2,847		18,248		12,405
Subordinated notes	2,694		2,319		8,957		4,186
Trust preferred subordinated debentures	941		1,025		2,778		3,054
Other borrowings	4,764		1,229		11,751		3,833
Total interest expense	46,574		46,178		137,727		136,910
Net interest income	60,296		55,718		175,319		163,836
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses	747		1,092		2,240		2,472
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	59,549		54,626		173,079		161,364
Noninterest income:
Deposit services	6,607		6,069		18,927		18,023
Net gain (loss) on sale of securities AFS	—		(24,395)		—		(24,949)

Gain (loss) on sale of loans	96		164		270		318
Trust fees	2,663		2,081		7,269		5,725
BOLI	944		871		3,405		2,503
Brokerage services	1,540		1,172		4,306		3,511
Other	1,883		2,048		6,156		5,247
Total noninterest income	13,733		(11,990)		40,333		10,378
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	23,742		22,803		71,047		67,457
Net occupancy	3,556		3,761		10,722		10,786

Advertising, travel & entertainment	1,194		907		3,113		2,781
ATM expense	332		444		1,087		1,227
Professional fees	1,345		1,451		4,492		4,372
Software and data processing	3,317		2,770		9,565		8,636
Communications	292		321		860		1,046
FDIC insurance	993		920		2,885		2,822
Amortization of intangibles	109		172		362		593
Loss on redemption of subordinated notes	—		—		791		—
Other	4,142		3,985		13,350		14,160
Total noninterest expense	39,022		37,534		118,274		113,880
Income before income tax expense	34,260		5,102		95,138		57,862
Income tax expense	6,284		189		17,066		9,629
Net income	$	27,976	$	4,913	$	78,072	$	48,233

Earnings per common share – basic	$	0.94	$	0.16	$	2.62	$	1.59
Earnings per common share – diluted	$	0.93	$	0.16	$	2.61	$	1.59
Cash dividends paid per common share	$	0.37	$	0.36	$	1.09	$	1.08

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Southside Bancshares, Inc. |4

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SOUTHSIDE BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
Net income	$	27,976	$	4,913	$	78,072	$	48,233
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Securities AFS and transferred securities:
Change in unrealized holding gain (loss) on AFS securities during the period	(78,909)		16,327		(85,289)		(2,504)




Reclassification adjustment for amortization related to AFS and HTM debt securities	2,032		2,079		6,374		6,112

Reclassification adjustment for net (gain) loss on sale of AFS securities, included in net income	—		24,395		—		24,949

Derivatives:
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on effective cash flow hedge interest rate swap derivatives	3,105		828		8,812		(2,715)

Reclassification adjustment of net (gain) loss related to derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	(34)		(1,988)		(545)		(6,427)

Retirement plans:
Amortization of net actuarial loss, included in net periodic benefit cost	668		614		2,003		1,844


Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(73,138)		42,255		(68,645)		21,259
Income tax (expense) benefit related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)	15,358		(8,874)		14,415		(4,465)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(57,780)		33,381		(54,230)		16,794
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(29,804)	$	38,294	$	23,842	$	65,027

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Southside Bancshares, Inc. |5

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SOUTHSIDE BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Common Stock		Paid In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2025	$	47,638	$	795,759	$	352,193	$	(252,358)	$	(95,617)	$	847,615


Net income	—		—		23,259		—		—		23,259
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		(7,005)		(7,005)
Issuance of common stock for dividend reinvestment plan (7,461 shares)	9		224		—		—		—		233

Stock compensation expense	—		1,637		—		—		—		1,637
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans (21,249 shares)	—		(560)		20		368		—		(172)
Cash dividends paid on common stock ($0.36 per share)	—		—		(10,705)		—		—		(10,705)



Balance at March 31, 2026	47,647		797,060		364,767		(251,990)		(102,622)		854,862
Net income	—		—		26,837		—		—		26,837
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		10,555		10,555
Issuance of common stock for dividend reinvestment plan (7,168 shares)	9		224		—		—		—		233

Stock compensation expense	—		1,021		—		—		—		1,021
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans (44,163 shares)	—		(963)		(126)		762		—		(327)
Cash dividends paid on common stock ($0.36 per share)	—		—		(10,717)		—		—		(10,717)



Balance at June 30, 2026	47,656		797,342		380,761		(251,228)		(92,067)		882,464
Net income	—		—		27,976		—		—		27,976
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		(57,780)		(57,780)
Issuance of common stock for dividend reinvestment plan (6,463 shares)	8		202		—		—		—		210

Stock compensation expense	—		952		—		—		—		952
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans (7,649 shares)	—		57		(97)		132		—		92
Cash dividends paid on common stock ($0.37 per share)	—		—		(11,030)		—		—		(11,030)
Balance at September 30, 2026	$	47,664	$	798,553	$	397,610	$	(251,096)	$	(149,847)	$	842,884

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SOUTHSIDE BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (continued)

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Common Stock		Paid In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	47,598	$	793,586	$	326,793	$	(231,137)	$	(124,898)	$	811,942


Net income	—		—		21,507		—		—		21,507
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		(6,916)		(6,916)
Issuance of common stock for dividend reinvestment plan (8,897 shares)	11		253		—		—		—		264

Stock compensation expense	—		914		—		—		—		914
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans (22,675 shares)	—		(368)		(130)		350		—		(148)
Cash dividends paid on common stock ($0.36 per share)	—		—		(10,940)		—		—		(10,940)


Balance at March 31, 2025	47,609		794,385		337,230		(230,787)		(131,814)		816,623
Net income	—		—		21,813		—		—		21,813
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		(9,671)		(9,671)
Issuance of common stock for dividend reinvestment plan (8,984 shares)	11		239		—		—		—		250
Purchase of common stock (424,435 shares)	—		—		—		(11,904)		—		(11,904)
Stock compensation expense	—		686		—		—		—		686
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans (86,579 shares)	—		(985)		(113)		1,391		—		293
Cash dividends paid on common stock ($0.36 per share)	—		—		(10,890)		—		—		(10,890)


Balance at June 30, 2025	47,620		794,325		348,040		(241,300)		(141,485)		807,200
Net income	—		—		4,913		—		—		4,913
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		33,381		33,381
Issuance of common stock for dividend reinvestment plan (7,164 shares)	9		216		—		—		—		225
Purchase of common stock (26,692 shares)	—		—		—		(804)		—		(804)
Stock compensation expense	—		790		—		—		—		790
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans (3,519 shares)	—		15		(109)		60		—		(34)
Cash dividends paid on common stock ($0.36 per share)	—		—		(10,821)		—		—		(10,821)
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	47,629	$	795,346	$	342,023	$	(242,044)	$	(108,104)	$	834,850

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Southside Bancshares, Inc. |7

SOUTHSIDE BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2026		2025
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	78,072	$	48,233
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations:
Depreciation and net amortization	7,911		8,005
Securities premium amortization (discount accretion), net	8,048		5,708
Loan (discount accretion) premium amortization, net	508		660
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses	2,240		2,472
Stock compensation expense	3,610		2,390
Deferred tax expense (benefit)	(574)		(546)

Net (gain) loss on sale of AFS securities	—		24,949


Net (gain) loss on premises and equipment	(270)		1,655
Gross proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	10,015		13,050
Gross originations of loans held for sale	(9,652)		(11,601)

Net (gain) loss on OREO	(10)		109

Loss on redemption of subordinated notes	791		—
Net change in:
Interest receivable	4,385		11,311
Other assets	30,561		90
Interest payable	(4,354)		1,648
Other liabilities	17,306		(38,046)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	148,587		70,087

INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Securities AFS:
Purchases	(530,087)		(594,646)
Sales	—		411,502
Maturities, calls and principal repayments	265,993		424,932
Securities HTM:

Maturities, calls and principal repayments	42,875		18,107

Proceeds from redemption of FHLB stock and equity investments	52,366		39,564
Purchases of FHLB stock and equity investments	(81,726)		(15,190)
Net loan paydowns (originations)	(141,886)		(105,191)

Purchases of premises and equipment	(10,639)		(13,195)
Proceeds from (purchases of) BOLI	1,217		1,143
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment	575		324
Net proceeds from sales of OREO	288		273
Proceeds from sales of repossessed assets	30		200
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(400,994)		167,823

(continued)

Southside Bancshares, Inc. | 8


SOUTHSIDE BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2026		2025
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net change in deposits	(851,373)		307,291
Net change in other borrowings	685,948		22,931
Proceeds from FHLB borrowings	10,173,000		3,346,000
Repayment of FHLB borrowings	(9,583,386)		(3,976,577)
Net proceeds from issuance of subordinated notes	—		147,619
Redemption of subordinated notes	(93,000)		—
Proceeds from stock option exercises	204		693
Cash paid to tax authority related to tax withholding on share-based awards	(611)		(582)
Purchase of common stock	—		(12,622)
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock for dividend reinvestment plan	676		739

Cash dividends paid	(32,452)		(32,651)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	299,006		(197,159)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	46,599		40,751
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	389,786		426,161
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	436,385	$	466,912

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CASH FLOW INFORMATION:

Interest paid	$	142,081	$	135,262
Income taxes paid	$	14,250	$	12,500

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

Loans transferred to other repossessed assets and real estate through foreclosure	$	394	$	314






Unsettled trades to sell securities	$	—	$	9,093

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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SOUTHSIDE BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies

Basis of Presentation

In this report, the words “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to the combined entities of Southside Bancshares, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including Southside Bank. The words “Southside” and “Southside Bancshares” refer to Southside Bancshares, Inc. The words “Southside Bank” and “the Bank” refer to Southside Bank.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, not all information required by GAAP for complete financial statements is included in these interim statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of such financial statements have been included. Such adjustments consisted only of normal recurring items. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the use of management’s estimates. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve matters of judgment. Actual amounts could differ from these estimates.

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto in our 2025 Form 10-K.

Accounting Changes and Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts may be reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

2. Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share on a basic and diluted basis are calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
Basic and Diluted Earnings:
Net income	$	27,976	$	4,913	$	78,072	$	48,233
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities	16		3		43		30
Net income available to common shareholders	$	27,960	$	4,910	$	78,029	$	48,203
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	29,810		30,067		29,772		30,229
Add: Stock awards	95		68		109		87
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	29,905		30,135		29,881		30,316
Basic earnings per share:
Net income	$	0.94	$	0.16	$	2.62	$	1.59
Diluted earnings per share:
Net income	$	0.93	$	0.16	$	2.61	$	1.59

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, there were approximately 419,000 and 425,000 anti-dilutive shares, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, there were approximately 442,000 and 471,000 anti-dilutive shares, respectively.

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3. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2026

	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives		Retirement Plans		Total
Beginning balance, net of tax	$	(77,921)	$	2,321	$	(16,467)	$	(92,067)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(78,909)		3,105		—		(75,804)
Reclassification adjustments included in net income	2,032		(34)		668		2,666
Income tax (expense) benefit	16,144		(645)		(141)		15,358
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(60,733)		2,426		527		(57,780)
Ending balance, net of tax	$	(138,654)	$	4,747	$	(15,940)	$	(149,847)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026

	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives		Retirement Plans		Total
Beginning balance, net of tax	$	(76,311)	$	(1,784)	$	(17,522)	$	(95,617)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(85,289)		8,812		—		(76,477)
Reclassification adjustments included in net income	6,374		(545)		2,003		7,832

Income tax (expense) benefit	16,572		(1,736)		(421)		14,415
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(62,343)		6,531		1,582		(54,230)

Ending balance, net of tax	$	(138,654)	$	4,747	$	(15,940)	$	(149,847)

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives		Retirement Plans		Total
Beginning balance, net of tax	$	(123,451)	$	(3)	$	(18,031)	$	(141,485)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	16,327		828		—		17,155
Reclassification adjustments included in net income	26,474		(1,988)		614		25,100
Income tax (expense) benefit	(8,989)		243		(128)		(8,874)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	33,812		(917)		486		33,381
Ending balance, net of tax	$	(89,639)	$	(920)	$	(17,545)	$	(108,104)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives		Retirement Plans		Total
Beginning balance, net of tax	$	(112,199)	$	6,303	$	(19,002)	$	(124,898)


Other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(2,504)		(2,715)		—		(5,219)
Reclassification adjustments included in net income	31,061		(6,427)		1,844		26,478
Income tax (expense) benefit	(5,997)		1,919		(387)		(4,465)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	22,560		(7,223)		1,457		16,794
Ending balance, net of tax	$	(89,639)	$	(920)	$	(17,545)	$	(108,104)

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The reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in net income are presented below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025






Unrealized gains and losses on securities transferred:
Amortization of unrealized gains and losses (1)	$	(2,032)	$	(2,079)	$	(6,374)	$	(6,112)
Tax (expense) benefit	427		437		1,339		1,284
Net of tax	(1,605)		(1,642)		(5,035)		(4,828)

Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities:
Realized net gain (loss) on sale of securities (2)	—		(24,395)		—		(24,949)


Tax (expense) benefit	—		5,123		—		5,239
Net of tax	—		(19,272)		—		(19,710)

Derivatives:
Realized net gain (loss) on interest rate swap derivatives (3)	34		1,988		545		6,427
Tax (expense) benefit	(7)		(417)		(114)		(1,349)
Net of tax	27		1,571		431		5,078





Amortization of pension plan:
Net actuarial loss (4)	(668)		(614)		(2,003)		(1,844)


Tax (expense) benefit	141		128		421		387
Net of tax	(527)		(486)		(1,582)		(1,457)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	(2,105)	$	(19,829)	$	(6,186)	$	(20,917)

(1) Included in interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

(2) Listed as net gain (loss) on sale of securities AFS on the consolidated statements of income.

(3) Included in interest expense for FHLB borrowings, other borrowings and deposits on the consolidated statements of income.

(4) These AOCI components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (income) presented in “Note 8 – Employee Benefit Plans.”

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4. Securities

Debt securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair value of investment and mortgage-backed AFS and HTM securities, net of allowance for credit losses, as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are reflected in the tables below (in thousands):


	September 30, 2026
	Amortized		Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized		Less: Allowance for		Estimated
AVAILABLE FOR SALE	Cost		Gains		Losses		Credit Losses		Fair Value
Investment securities:


State and political subdivisions	$	190,891	$	3	$	32,936	$	—	$	157,958
Corporate bonds and other	43,347		240		364		—		43,223

MBS: (1)
Residential	1,482,525		26		60,233		—		1,422,318
Commercial	—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,716,763	$	269	$	93,533	$	—	$	1,623,499



	Amortized		Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized		Estimated		Less: Allowance for		Net Carrying
HELD TO MATURITY	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value		Credit Losses		Amount
Investment securities:














State and political subdivisions	$	1,044,582	$	128	$	236,712	$	807,998	$	24	$	1,044,558
Corporate bonds and other	83,495		885		1,108		83,272		—		83,495
MBS: (1)
Residential	70,746		1		8,013		62,734		—		70,746
Commercial	8,696		—		1,302		7,394		—		8,696
Total	$	1,207,519	$	1,014	$	247,135	$	961,398	$	24	$	1,207,495


	December 31, 2025
	Amortized		Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized		Less: Allowance for		Estimated
AVAILABLE FOR SALE	Cost		Gains		Losses		Credit Losses		Fair Value
Investment securities:


State and political subdivisions	$	192,268	$	1,423	$	17,055	$	—	$	176,636
Corporate bonds and other	17,793		327		99		—		18,021

MBS: (1)
Residential	1,244,698		15,278		708		—		1,259,268
Commercial	2,227		67		—		—		2,294
Total	$	1,456,986	$	17,095	$	17,862	$	—	$	1,456,219




















	Amortized		Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized		Estimated		Less: Allowance for		Net Carrying
HELD TO MATURITY	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value		Credit Losses		Amount
Investment securities:
State and political subdivisions	$	1,042,986	$	2,290	$	139,719	$	905,557	$	25	$	1,042,961
Corporate bonds and other	98,609		694		1,487		97,816		—		98,609
MBS: (1)
Residential	77,080		10		4,898		72,192		—		77,080
Commercial	28,827		—		1,088		27,739		—		28,827
Total	$	1,247,502	$	2,994	$	147,192	$	1,103,304	$	25	$	1,247,477

(1) All MBS are issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. GSEs.

From time to time, we transfer securities from AFS to HTM due to overall balance sheet strategies and our intent and ability to hold these securities until maturity. We did not transfer any securities from AFS to HTM during the nine months ended

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September 30, 2026 or the year ended December 31, 2025. The remaining net unamortized, unrealized loss on the transferred securities included in AOCI in the accompanying balance sheets totaled $89.9 million ($71.0 million, net of tax) at September 30, 2026 and $96.6 million ($76.3 million, net of tax) at December 31, 2025. Any net unrealized gain or loss on the transferred securities included in AOCI at the time of transfer will be amortized over the remaining life of the underlying security as an adjustment to the yield on those securities. Securities transferred with losses included in AOCI continue to be included in management’s assessment for impairment for each individual security.

Investment securities and MBS with carrying values of $2.26 billion and $1.94 billion were pledged as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, to collateralize borrowings from the FRDW, repurchase agreements and public fund deposits, for potential liquidity needs or other purposes as required by law. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the amount of excess collateral at the FRDW was $12.9 million and $241.8 million, respectively.

The following tables present the fair value and unrealized losses on AFS, if applicable, for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, as well as HTM investment securities and MBS, if applicable, as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, segregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous loss position (in thousands):


	September 30, 2026
	Less Than 12 Months				More Than 12 Months				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Investment securities:


State and political subdivisions	$	43,927	$	1,230	$	113,272	$	31,706	$	157,199	$	32,936
Corporate bonds and other	33,775		226		4,862		138		38,637		364

MBS:
Residential	1,410,840		59,188		8,817		1,045		1,419,657		60,233

Total	$	1,488,542	$	60,644	$	126,951	$	32,889	$	1,615,493	$	93,533

HELD TO MATURITY
Investment securities:
State and political subdivisions	$	48,633	$	6,072	$	756,522	$	230,640	$	805,155	$	236,712
Corporate bonds and other	6,032		78		43,314		1,030		49,346		1,108
MBS:
Residential	235		1		62,405		8,012		62,640		8,013
Commercial	—		—		7,394		1,302		7,394		1,302
Total	$	54,900	$	6,151	$	869,635	$	240,984	$	924,535	$	247,135

	December 31, 2025
	Less Than 12 Months				More Than 12 Months				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Investment securities:


State and political subdivisions	$	—	$	—	$	128,723	$	17,055	$	128,723	$	17,055
Corporate bonds and other	3,708		42		4,943		57		8,651		99

MBS:
Residential	52,056		32		10,320		676		62,376		708

Total	$	55,764	$	74	$	143,986	$	17,788	$	199,750	$	17,862

HELD TO MATURITY
Investment securities:
State and political subdivisions	$	20,224	$	3,128	$	770,244	$	136,591	$	790,468	$	139,719
Corporate bonds and other	—		—		64,009		1,487		64,009		1,487
MBS:
Residential	—		—		71,782		4,898		71,782		4,898
Commercial	—		—		27,739		1,088		27,739		1,088
Total	$	20,224	$	3,128	$	933,774	$	144,064	$	953,998	$	147,192

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For those AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position (i) where management has the intent to sell or (ii) where it will more-likely-than-not be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis, we recognize the loss in earnings. For those AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position that do not meet either of these criteria, management assesses whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit-related factors, using both qualitative and quantitative criteria. Determining the allowance under the credit loss method requires the use of a discounted cash flow method to assess the credit losses. Any credit-related impairment will be recognized in allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Noncredit-related temporary impairment, the portion of the impairment relating to factors other than credit (such as changes in market interest rates), is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax.

As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we did not have an allowance for credit losses on our AFS securities, based on our consideration of the qualitative factors associated with each security type in our AFS portfolio. The unrealized losses on our investment and MBS are due to changes in interest rates and spreads and other market conditions. We had 353 and 161 AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Our state and political subdivisions are highly rated municipal securities with a long history of no credit losses. Our AFS MBS are highly rated securities, which are either explicitly or implicitly backed by the U.S. Government through its agencies and which are highly rated by major ratings agencies and also have a long history of no credit losses. Our corporate bonds and other investment securities consist of primarily investment grade bonds.

We assess the likelihood of default and the potential amount of default when assessing our HTM securities for credit losses. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the allowance for credit losses on HTM securities was $24,000 and $25,000, respectively.

The accrued interest receivable on our debt securities (including the effect of interest rate swaps) is excluded from the credit loss estimate and is included in interest receivable on our consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2026, accrued interest receivable on AFS and HTM debt securities totaled $8.8 million and $7.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, accrued interest receivable on AFS and HTM debt securities totaled $9.4 million and $12.7 million, respectively. No HTM debt securities were past-due or on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

The following table reflects interest income recognized on securities for the periods presented (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025
U.S. Treasury	$	—	$	734

State and political subdivisions	9,317		11,424

Corporate bonds and other	1,729		1,665
MBS	19,698		14,174
Total interest income on securities	$	30,744	$	27,997



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025
U.S. Treasury	$	—	$	3,737

State and political subdivisions	27,967		34,743
Corporate bonds and other	4,713		4,875
MBS	56,068		40,737
Total interest income on securities	$	88,748	$	84,092

There were no sales from the AFS securities portfolio during the nine months ended September 30, 2026. There was a $24.9 million net realized loss as a result of sales from the AFS securities portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, which consisted of $25.4 million in realized losses and $2.0 million in realized gains, as well as a net loss of $1.5 million on the unwind of fair value MBS and municipal securities hedges in the AFS securities portfolio. We calculate realized gains and losses on sales of securities under the specific identification method.

Expected maturities on our securities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. MBS are presented in total by category since MBS are typically issued with stated principal amounts and are backed by pools of mortgages that have loans with varying maturities. The characteristics of the underlying pool of mortgages, such as fixed-rate or adjustable-rate, as well as prepayment risk, are passed on to the security holder. The term of a mortgage-backed pass-through security thus approximates the term of the underlying mortgages and can vary significantly due to prepayments.

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The amortized cost and estimated fair value of AFS and HTM securities at September 30, 2026, are presented below by contractual maturity (in thousands):


	September 30, 2026
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Investment securities:
Due in one year or less	$	260	$	260
Due after one year through five years	8,622		8,746
Due after five years through ten years	30,696		30,397
Due after ten years	194,660		161,778
	234,238		201,181
MBS:	1,482,525		1,422,318
Total	$	1,716,763	$	1,623,499


	September 30, 2026
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
HELD TO MATURITY
Investment securities:
Due in one year or less	$	140	$	138
Due after one year through five years	55,440		54,619
Due after five years through ten years	82,692		78,580
Due after ten years	989,805		757,933
	1,128,077		891,270
MBS:	79,442		70,128
Total	$	1,207,519	$	961,398

Equity Investments

Equity investments on our consolidated balance sheets include Community Reinvestment Act funds with a readily determinable fair value as well as equity investments without readily determinable fair values. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had equity investments recorded in our consolidated balance sheets of $9.3 million and $9.6 million, respectively.

Any realized and unrealized gains and losses on equity investments are reported in income. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are recorded at cost, less impairment, if any. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, there was no gain or loss on the sale of equity securities.

The following is a summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses on equity investments recognized in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income during the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments	$	(202)	$	51	$	(258)	$	146
Less: Net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period	—		—		—		—
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the reporting period on equity investments held at the reporting date	$	(202)	$	51	$	(258)	$	146

Equity investments are assessed quarterly for other-than-temporary impairment. Based upon that evaluation, management does not consider any of our equity investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2026.

FHLB Stock

Our FHLB stock, which has limited marketability, is carried at cost, less impairment, if any. Based upon our quarterly evaluation by management at September 30, 2026, our FHLB stock was not impaired.

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5. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are classified as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025
Real estate loans:
Construction	$	542,996	$	548,570
1-4 family residential	724,897		724,354
Commercial owner-occupied	360,611		319,536
Commercial real estate	2,416,412		2,393,280
Commercial loans	510,057		444,720
Municipal loans	367,711		346,720
Loans to individuals	36,005		40,811
Total loans	4,958,689		4,817,991
Less: Allowance for loan losses	46,858		45,100
Net loans	$	4,911,831	$	4,772,891

Construction Real Estate Loans

Our construction loans are collateralized by property located primarily in or near the market areas we serve and consist of owner-occupied 1-4 family residential construction loans to consumers, non-owner occupied 1-4 family residential construction loans to homebuilders, and commercial construction loans (both owner- and non-owner occupied). Our owner-occupied 1-4 family construction loans to consumers include fixed interest rates during the construction period and are typically priced and made with the intention of granting the permanent loan on the completed property. Construction loans to homebuilders and commercial construction loans typically have adjustable interest rates and are subject to underwriting standards similar to that of the commercial real estate loan portfolio. Owner occupied 1-4 family residential construction loans are subject to the underwriting standards of the permanent loan.

1-4 Family Residential Real Estate Loans

Residential loan originations are generated by our mortgage loan officers, in-house origination staff, marketing efforts, present customers, walk-in customers and referrals from real estate agents and builders. We focus our lending efforts primarily on the origination of loans secured by first mortgages on owner occupied 1-4 family residences. Substantially all of our 1-4 family residential originations are secured by properties located in or near our market areas.

Our 1-4 family residential loans generally have maturities ranging from 15 to 30 years. These loans are typically fully amortizing with monthly payments sufficient to repay the total amount of the loan. Our 1-4 family residential loans are made at both fixed and adjustable interest rates.

Underwriting for 1-4 family residential loans includes debt-to-income analysis, credit history analysis, appraised value and down payment considerations. Changes in the market value of real estate can affect the potential losses in the residential portfolio.

Commercial Owner-Occupied and Commercial Real Estate Loans

As of September 30, 2026, commercial owner-occupied loans were $360.6 million and commercial real estate loans consisted of $1.83 billion of non-owner occupied real estate, $546.1 million of loans secured by multi-family properties and $35.7 million of loans secured by farmland. Commercial real estate loans and commercial owner-occupied loans primarily include loans collateralized by retail, commercial office buildings, multi-family residential buildings, medical facilities and offices, senior living, assisted living and skilled nursing facilities, warehouse facilities, hotels and churches. In determining whether to originate commercial owner-occupied and commercial real estate loans, we generally consider such factors as macroeconomic conditions, market conditions, including future supply and rental rate forecasts, the financial condition of the borrower and the debt service coverage of the property. Generally, commercial real estate loans originated after June 2024 are priced using floating rates and include maturities of five years or less. For competitive reasons, we offer fixed rates for owner-occupied loans with terms of up to 10 years.

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Commercial Loans

Our commercial loans are diversified loan types including short-term working capital loans for inventory and accounts receivable and short- and medium-term loans for equipment or other business capital expansion. In our commercial loan underwriting, we assess the creditworthiness, ability to repay and the value and liquidity of the collateral being offered. Terms of commercial loans are generally commensurate with the useful life of the collateral offered.

Municipal Loans

We make loans to municipalities and school districts primarily throughout the state of Texas, with a small percentage originating outside of the state. The majority of the loans to municipalities and school districts have tax or revenue pledges and in some cases are additionally supported by collateral. Municipal loans made without a direct pledge of taxes or revenues are usually made based on some type of collateral that represents an essential service. These loans allow us to earn a higher yield than we could if we purchased municipal securities for similar durations.

Loans to Individuals

Substantially all originations of our loans to individuals are made to consumers in our market areas. The majority of loans to individuals are collateralized by titled equipment, which are primarily automobiles. Loan terms vary according to the type and value of collateral, length of contract and creditworthiness of the borrower. The underwriting standards we employ for consumer loans include an application and a determination of the applicant’s payment history on other debts, with the greatest weight being given to payment history with us and an assessment of the borrower’s ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan. Although creditworthiness of the applicant is a primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the collateral, if any, in relation to the proposed loan amount. Most of our loans to individuals are collateralized, which management believes assists in limiting our exposure.

Credit Quality Indicators

We categorize loans into risk categories on an ongoing basis based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. We use the following definitions for risk ratings:

•Pass (Rating 1 – 4) – This rating is assigned to all satisfactory loans. This category, by definition, consists of acceptable credit. Credit and collateral exceptions should not be present, although their presence would not necessarily prohibit a loan from being rated Pass, if the exception is properly mitigated and/or deficiencies are in the process of correction. These loans are not included in the Watch List.

•Pass Watch (Rating 5) – These loans require some degree of special treatment, but not due to credit quality. This category does not include loans specially mentioned or adversely classified; however, particular attention is warranted to characteristics such as:

▪A lack of, or abnormally extended payment program;

▪A heavy degree of concentration of collateral without sufficient margin;

▪A vulnerability to competition through lesser or extensive financial leverage; and

▪A dependence on a single or few customers or sources of supply and materials without suitable substitutes or alternatives.

•Special Mention (Rating 6) – A Special Mention loan has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in our credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose us to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

•Substandard (Rating 7) – Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

•Doubtful (Rating 8) – Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation, in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

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The following tables set forth the amortized cost basis by class of financing receivable and credit quality indicator for the periods presented (in thousands):


September 30, 2026	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2026		2025		2024		2023		2022		Prior
Construction real estate:
Pass	$	141,162	$	172,356	$	54,141	$	1,035	$	8,039	$	8,675	$	118,618	$	504,026
Pass watch	726		—		—		—		—		8		20,575		21,309
Special mention	4,719		—		157		—		—		—		10,445		15,321
Substandard	—		—		645		—		66		131		1,498		2,340

Total construction real estate	$	146,607	$	172,356	$	54,943	$	1,035	$	8,105	$	8,814	$	151,136	$	542,996
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

1-4 family residential real estate:
Pass	$	41,228	$	66,002	$	54,125	$	56,848	$	136,274	$	364,800	$	651	$	719,928
Pass watch	—		—		—		—		—		36		—		36
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		574		—		574
Substandard	—		—		253		388		—		2,763		—		3,404
Doubtful	—		371		150		253		—		181		—		955
Total 1-4 family residential real estate	$	41,228	$	66,373	$	54,528	$	57,489	$	136,274	$	368,354	$	651	$	724,897
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	27	$	—	$	13	$	—	$	40

Commercial owner-occupied:
Pass	$	80,994	$	58,785	$	27,735	$	34,592	$	45,218	$	95,545	$	1,762	$	344,631
Pass watch	—		—		—		—		—		510		—		510
Special mention	—		249		—		294		—		671		—		1,214
Substandard	—		4,650		—		—		1,024		3,083		5,499		14,256

Total commercial real estate	$	80,994	$	63,684	$	27,735	$	34,886	$	46,242	$	99,809	$	7,261	$	360,611
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial real estate:
Pass	$	483,089	$	463,976	$	225,227	$	296,846	$	318,684	$	335,631	$	10,270	$	2,133,723
Pass watch	—		40,189		—		—		7,459		19		—		47,667
Special mention	—		33,373		—		1,328		—		197		—		34,898
Substandard	35,155		72,610		3,909		41,816		35,187		11,447		—		200,124

Total commercial real estate	$	518,244	$	610,148	$	229,136	$	339,990	$	361,330	$	347,294	$	10,270	$	2,416,412
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial loans:
Pass	$	124,722	$	82,890	$	19,542	$	13,817	$	17,249	$	6,972	$	170,376	$	435,568
Pass watch	—		71		134		43		—		—		1		249
Special mention	386		313		11,945		31		211		80		37,237		50,203
Substandard	1,071		3,081		567		2,171		612		193		15,955		23,650
Doubtful	—		—		150		25		148		64		—		387
Total commercial loans	$	126,179	$	86,355	$	32,338	$	16,087	$	18,220	$	7,309	$	223,569	$	510,057
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	528	$	238	$	106	$	51	$	34	$	—	$	957

Municipal loans:
Pass	$	60,336	$	1,938	$	1,639	$	28,844	$	51,318	$	223,636	$	—	$	367,711




Total municipal loans	$	60,336	$	1,938	$	1,639	$	28,844	$	51,318	$	223,636	$	—	$	367,711
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Loans to individuals:
Pass	$	13,473	$	8,843	$	4,666	$	2,646	$	2,088	$	2,459	$	1,773	$	35,948

Special mention	—		—		2		—		—		—		—		2
Substandard	—		11		14		11		—		—		9		45
Doubtful	—		—		10		—		—		—		—		10
Total loans to individuals	$	13,473	$	8,854	$	4,692	$	2,657	$	2,088	$	2,459	$	1,782	$	36,005
Current period gross charge-offs (1)	$	1,015	$	192	$	30	$	24	$	—	$	7	$	—	$	1,268

Total loans	$	987,061	$	1,009,708	$	405,011	$	480,988	$	623,577	$	1,057,675	$	394,669	$	4,958,689
Total current period gross charge-offs (1)	$	1,015	$	720	$	268	$	157	$	51	$	54	$	—	$	2,265

(1) Includes $788,000 in charged off demand deposit overdrafts reported as 2026 originations.

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December 31, 2025	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
Construction real estate:
Pass	$	139,542	$	96,548	$	60,041	$	3,649	$	15,979	$	5,939	$	148,759	$	470,457
Pass watch	9,343		1,494		—		31		—		—		5,596		16,464
Special mention	47,492		—		—		—		407		58		13,468		61,425
Substandard	57		—		—		—		140		27		—		224

Total construction real estate	$	196,434	$	98,042	$	60,041	$	3,680	$	16,526	$	6,024	$	167,823	$	548,570
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1

1-4 family residential real estate:
Pass	$	48,099	$	50,197	$	68,149	$	143,782	$	127,149	$	278,702	$	583	$	716,661

Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		1,508		—		1,508
Substandard	2,380		—		112		—		658		2,199		269		5,618
Doubtful	—		165		265		—		—		137		—		567
Total 1-4 family residential real estate	$	50,479	$	50,362	$	68,526	$	143,782	$	127,807	$	282,546	$	852	$	724,354
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	56	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	13	$	—	$	69

Commercial owner-occupied:
Pass	$	58,592	$	27,127	$	38,350	$	46,340	$	53,831	$	73,509	$	2,672	$	300,421
Pass watch	—		—		—		2,101		—		287		—		2,388
Special mention	—		—		—		2,285		—		6,132		—		8,417
Substandard	1,048		—		—		129		6,162		971		—		8,310

Total commercial real estate	$	59,640	$	27,127	$	38,350	$	50,855	$	59,993	$	80,899	$	2,672	$	319,536
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial real estate:
Pass	$	687,383	$	186,142	$	304,848	$	338,165	$	328,917	$	183,000	$	41,299	$	2,069,754
Pass watch	21,226		—		49,316		32,339		—		—		—		102,881
Special mention	—		—		2,691		76,116		—		251		—		79,058
Substandard	28,996		—		—		101,201		5,935		5,455		—		141,587

Total commercial real estate	$	737,605	$	186,142	$	356,855	$	547,821	$	334,852	$	188,706	$	41,299	$	2,393,280
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial loans:
Pass	$	124,358	$	41,277	$	27,101	$	27,035	$	8,388	$	4,627	$	189,290	$	422,076
Pass watch	21		43		—		—		36		—		—		100
Special mention	204		202		177		469		590		3		532		2,177
Substandard	1,341		12,858		1,333		713		75		38		3,497		19,855
Doubtful	79		134		111		86		90		12		—		512
Total commercial loans	$	126,003	$	54,514	$	28,722	$	28,303	$	9,179	$	4,680	$	193,319	$	444,720
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	1,689	$	409	$	139	$	139	$	23	$	—	$	2,399

Municipal loans:
Pass	$	2,135	$	1,800	$	31,542	$	54,168	$	59,342	$	197,733	$	—	$	346,720




Total municipal loans	$	2,135	$	1,800	$	31,542	$	54,168	$	59,342	$	197,733	$	—	$	346,720
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Loans to individuals:
Pass	$	16,861	$	8,627	$	4,980	$	3,682	$	2,524	$	1,856	$	2,049	$	40,579

Special mention	8		—		—		—		—		—		—		8
Substandard	3		1		8		2		—		—		—		14
Doubtful	185		20		3		1		—		1		—		210
Total loans to individuals	$	17,057	$	8,648	$	4,991	$	3,685	$	2,524	$	1,857	$	2,049	$	40,811
Current period gross charge-offs	$	1,620	$	34	$	24	$	68	$	24	$	18	$	—	$	1,788

Total loans	$	1,189,353	$	426,635	$	589,027	$	832,294	$	610,223	$	762,445	$	408,014	$	4,817,991
Total current period gross charge-offs (1)	$	1,620	$	1,779	$	434	$	207	$	163	$	54	$	—	$	4,257

(1) Includes $1.2 million in charged off demand deposit overdrafts reported as 2025 originations.

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Watch List loans reported as 2026 originations as of September 30, 2026 and Watch List loans reported as 2025 originations as of December 31, 2025 were, for the majority, first originated in various years prior to 2026 and 2025, respectively, but were renewed in the respective year.

The following tables present the aging of the amortized cost basis in past due loans by class of loans (in thousands):


	September 30, 2026
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
Real estate loans:
Construction	$	2,139	$	233	$	85	$	2,457	$	540,539	$	542,996
1-4 family residential	1,550		440		1,464		3,454		721,443		724,897
Commercial owner-occupied	451		334		715		1,500		359,111		360,611
Commercial real estate	—		424		6,512		6,936		2,409,476		2,416,412
Commercial loans	860		1,335		1,995		4,190		505,867		510,057
Municipal loans	71		—		—		71		367,640		367,711
Loans to individuals	23		—		—		23		35,982		36,005
Total	$	5,094	$	2,766	$	10,771	$	18,631	$	4,940,058	$	4,958,689


	December 31, 2025
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
Real estate loans:
Construction	$	416	$	1,407	$	—	$	1,823	$	546,747	$	548,570
1-4 family residential	4,324		693		1,284		6,301		718,053		724,354
Commercial owner-occupied	1,325		—		—		1,325		318,211		319,536
Commercial real estate	322		5,447		—		5,769		2,387,511		2,393,280
Commercial loans	1,132		640		380		2,152		442,568		444,720
Municipal loans	—		—		—		—		346,720		346,720
Loans to individuals	353		—		—		353		40,458		40,811
Total	$	7,872	$	8,187	$	1,664	$	17,723	$	4,800,268	$	4,817,991

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The following table sets forth the amortized cost basis of nonperforming assets for the periods presented (in thousands):


	September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025
Nonaccrual loans:
Real estate loans:
Construction	$	101	$	18
1-4 family residential	3,353		4,939
Commercial owner-occupied	1,818		1,220
Commercial real estate	1,777		—
Commercial loans	3,230		4,091

Loans to individuals	25		218
Total nonaccrual loans (1)	10,304		10,486

Accruing loans past due more than 90 days	5,155		—
Restructured loans	45		27,509
OREO	331		248
Repossessed assets	—		—
Total nonperforming assets	$	15,835	$	38,243

(1) Includes $3.7 million and $2.0 million of restructured loans as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

The decrease in restructured loans was primarily due to the payoff of a $27.5 million restructured commercial real estate loan in the first quarter of 2026 that was originally restructured with an extension of maturity in the first quarter of 2025 to allow for an extended lease up period. There was one $5.2 million commercial real estate loan past due more than 90 days as of September 30, 2026 that subsequently paid off in full on October 1, 2026. We reversed $254,000 and $282,000 of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $56,000 and $95,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. We had $5.2 million and $2.7 million of loans on nonaccrual for which there was no related allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Collateral-dependent loans are loans that we expect the repayment to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral of the loan and for which we have determined that the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. In such cases, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date, adjusted for selling costs. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had $12.7 million and $38.4 million, respectively, of collateral-dependent loans, secured mainly by real estate and equipment. There have been no significant changes to the collateral that secures the collateral-dependent assets as of September 30, 2026. Foreclosed assets include OREO and repossessed assets. For 1-4 family residential real estate properties, a loan is recognized as a foreclosed property once legal title to the real estate property has been received upon completion of foreclosure or the borrower has conveyed all interest in the residential property through a deed in lieu of foreclosure. There were no loans secured by 1-4 family residential properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Restructured Loans

A loan is considered restructured if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and the loan has been modified. Modifications may include interest rate reductions, restructuring amortization schedules, extensions of maturity or a combination of any of these modifications intended to minimize potential losses. In most instances, interest will continue to be charged on principal balances outstanding during the extended term. Therefore, the financial effects of the recorded investment of loans restructured during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 were not significant.

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The following table sets forth the recorded balance of restructured loans and type of modification by class of loans during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2026
	Amortization Period Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination		Total Modifications		Number of Loans	Percent of Total Class




Commercial loans	$	259	$	—	$	—	$	259	3	0.05	%

Loans to individuals	—		—		6		6		1	0.02	%
Total	$	259	$	—	$	6	$	265	4



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026
	Amortization Period Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination		Total Modifications		Number of Loans	Percent of Total Class
Real estate loans:

1-4 family residential	$	253	$	—	$	—	$	253	1	0.03	%
Commercial owner-occupied	981		—		—		981		1	0.27	%

Commercial loans	886		—		—		886		9	0.17	%

Loans to individuals	—		—		6		6		1	0.02	%
Total	$	2,120	$	—	$	6	$	2,126	12



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Amortization Period Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination		Total Modifications		Number of Loans	Percent of Total Class




Commercial loans	$	618	$	—	$	—	$	618	3	0.14	%


Total	$	618	$	—	$	—	$	618	3



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Amortization Period Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination		Total Modifications		Number of Loans	Percent of Total Class
Real estate loans:


Commercial real estate	$	27,501	$	—	$	—	$	27,501	1	1.17	%
Commercial loans	936		—		—		936		11	0.22	%

Loans to individuals	200		—		—		200		2	0.46	%
Total	$	28,637	$	—	$	—	$	28,637	14

There were 23 restructured loans totaling $3.7 million included in nonperforming assets as of September 30, 2026.

On an ongoing basis, the performance of restructured loans are monitored for subsequent payment default. Payment default is recognized when the borrower is 90 days or more past due. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, there were seven restructured loans totaling $1.5 million in default. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, there were no restructured loans in default. Payment defaults for restructured loans did not significantly impact the determination of the allowance for loan losses in the periods presented. At September 30, 2026, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans had been restructured.

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Allowance for Loan Losses

The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the periods presented (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2026
	Real Estate
	Construction		1-4 Family Residential		Commercial Owner-Occupied		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial Loans		Municipal Loans		Loans to Individuals		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	6,521	$	2,812	$	5,867	$	25,139	$	5,115	$	12	$	129	$	45,595
Loans charged-off	—		(40)		—		—		(229)		—		(458)		(727)
Recoveries of loans charged-off	—		54		3		—		817		—		170		1,044
Net loans (charged-off) recovered	—		14		3		—		588		—		(288)		317
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	536		62		(488)		(538)		1,073		4		297		946
Balance at end of period	$	7,057	$	2,888	$	5,382	$	24,601	$	6,776	$	16	$	138	$	46,858



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026
	Real Estate
	Construction		1-4 Family Residential		Commercial Owner-Occupied		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial Loans		Municipal Loans		Loans to Individuals		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	7,951	$	2,830	$	5,655	$	23,750	$	4,588	$	13	$	313	$	45,100
Loans charged-off	—		(40)		—		—		(957)		—		(1,268)		(2,265)
Recoveries of loans charged-off	—		65		10		—		1,516		—		496		2,087
Net loans (charged-off) recovered	—		25		10		—		559		—		(772)		(178)
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	(894)		33		(283)		851		1,629		3		597		1,936
Balance at end of period	$	7,057	$	2,888	$	5,382	$	24,601	$	6,776	$	16	$	138	$	46,858

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Real Estate
	Construction		1-4 Family Residential		Commercial Owner-Occupied		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial Loans		Municipal Loans		Loans to Individuals		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	6,194	$	2,781	$	5,417	$	25,284	$	4,433	$	14	$	298	$	44,421


Loans charged-off	—		—		—		—		(833)		—		(502)		(1,335)
Recoveries of loans charged-off	—		9		4		—		255		—		223		491
Net loans (charged-off) recovered	—		9		4		—		(578)		—		(279)		(844)
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	30		38		185		198		945		(1)		322		1,717
Balance at end of period	$	6,224	$	2,828	$	5,606	$	25,482	$	4,800	$	13	$	341	$	45,294



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Real Estate
	Construction		1-4 Family Residential		Commercial Owner-Occupied		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial Loans		Municipal Loans		Loans to Individuals		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,958	$	2,780	$	5,603	$	29,923	$	2,448	$	16	$	156	$	44,884
Loans charged-off (1)	—		(69)		—		—		(1,716)		—		(1,357)		(3,142)
Recoveries of loans charged-off	—		24		11		2		520		—		586		1,143
Net loans (charged-off) recovered	—		(45)		11		2		(1,196)		—		(771)		(1,999)
Provision (reversal) for loan losses (2)	2,266		93		(8)		(4,443)		3,548		(3)		956		2,409
Balance at end of period	$	6,224	$	2,828	$	5,606	$	25,482	$	4,800	$	13	$	341	$	45,294

The accrued interest receivable on our loan receivables is excluded from the allowance for credit loss estimate and is included in interest receivable on our consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the accrued interest on our loan portfolio was $21.2 million and $19.6 million, respectively.

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6. Borrowing Arrangements

Information related to borrowings is provided in the table below (dollars in thousands):


	September 30, 2026			December 31, 2025
Other borrowings:
Balance at end of period	$	894,605		$	208,657
Average amount outstanding during the period (1)	437,085			107,989
Maximum amount outstanding during the period (2)	894,605			297,359
Weighted average interest rate during the period (3)	3.6		%	4.5		%
Interest rate at end of period (4)	3.7		%	3.6		%

FHLB borrowings:
Balance at end of period	$	800,750		$	211,136
Average amount outstanding during the period (1)	622,465			372,342
Maximum amount outstanding during the period (2)	995,848			651,782
Weighted average interest rate during the period (3)	3.9		%	3.7		%
Interest rate at end of period (4)	4.2		%	2.9		%

(1)The average amount outstanding during the period was computed by dividing the total daily outstanding principal balances by the number of days in the period.

(2)The maximum amount outstanding at any month-end during the period.

(3)The weighted average interest rate during the period was computed by dividing the actual interest expense (annualized for interim periods) by the average amount outstanding during the period. The weighted average interest rate on FHLB borrowings and other borrowings includes the effect of interest rate swaps.

(4)The interest rate includes the effect of interest rate swaps.

Maturities of the obligations associated with our borrowing arrangements based on scheduled repayments at September 30, 2026 are as follows (in thousands):


	Payments Due by Period
	Less than 1 Year		1-2 Years		2-3 Years		3-4 Years		4-5 Years		Thereafter		Total
Other borrowings	$	894,605	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	894,605
FHLB borrowings	800,401		349		—		—		—		—		800,750
Total obligations	$	1,695,006	$	349	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,695,355

Other borrowings may include federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements and borrowings from the Federal Reserve through the FRDW. Southside Bank has three unsecured lines of credit for the purchase of overnight federal funds at prevailing rates with Frost Bank, Amegy Bank and TIB – The Independent Bankers Bank for $40.0 million, $25.0 million and $15.0 million, respectively. There were no federal funds purchased at September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025. To provide more liquidity in response to economic conditions in recent years, the Federal Reserve has encouraged broader use of the discount window. At September 30, 2026, the amount of additional funding the Bank could obtain from the FRDW, collateralized by securities, was approximately $12.9 million. There were $835.0 million and $110.0 million in borrowings from the FRDW at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Southside Bank has a $5.0 million line of credit with Frost Bank to be used to issue letters of credit, and at September 30, 2026, the line had one outstanding letter of credit for $155,000. Southside Bank currently has four outstanding letters of credit from FHLB held as collateral for loans totaling $19.3 million.

Southside Bank enters into sales of securities under repurchase agreements. These repurchase agreements totaled $59.6 million at September 30, 2026, and $98.7 million at December 31, 2025, and had maturities of less than one year. Repurchase agreements are secured by investment and MBS and are stated at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction.

FHLB borrowings represent borrowings with fixed interest rates ranging from 3.88% to 5.28% (including the effect of interest rate swaps) and with remaining maturities of one day to 1.8 years at September 30, 2026. FHLB borrowings may be

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collateralized by FHLB stock, nonspecified loans and/or securities. At September 30, 2026, the amount of additional funding Southside Bank could obtain from FHLB was approximately $1.77 billion, net of FHLB stock purchases required.

7. Long-term Debt

Information related to our long-term debt is summarized as follows for the periods presented (in thousands):


	September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025

Subordinated notes: (1)
3.875% Subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs (2)	$	—	$	92,190
7.00% Subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs (3)	147,635		147,488
Total Subordinated notes	147,635		239,678
Trust preferred subordinated debentures: (4)
Southside Statutory Trust III, net of unamortized debt issuance costs (5)	20,591		20,587
Southside Statutory Trust IV	23,196		23,196
Southside Statutory Trust V	12,887		12,887
Magnolia Trust Company I	3,609		3,609
Total Trust preferred subordinated debentures	60,283		60,279




Total Long-term debt	$	207,918	$	299,957

(1)This debt consists of subordinated notes with a remaining maturity greater than one year that qualify under the risk-based capital guidelines as Tier 2 capital, subject to certain limitations.

(2)The unamortized discount and debt issuance costs reflected in the carrying amount of the subordinated notes totaled approximately $810,000 at December 31, 2025.

(3)The unamortized discount and debt issuance costs reflected in the carrying amount of the subordinated notes totaled approximately $2.4 million at September 30, 2026 and $2.5 million at December 31, 2025.

(4)This debt consists of trust preferred securities that qualify under the risk-based capital guidelines as Tier 1 capital, subject to certain limitations.

(5)The unamortized debt issuance costs reflected in the carrying amount of the Southside Statutory Trust III junior subordinated debentures totaled $28,000 at September 30, 2026 and $32,000 at December 31, 2025.

As of September 30, 2026, the details of the subordinated notes and the trust preferred subordinated debentures are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Date Issued

Amount Issued

Fixed or Floating Rate

Interest Rate

Maturity Date

7.00% Subordinated Notes

August 14, 2025

150,000

Fixed-to-Floating

7.00%

August 15, 2035

Southside Statutory Trust III

September 4, 2003

20,619

Floating

3 month SOFR + 3.20%

September 4, 2033

Southside Statutory Trust IV

August 8, 2007

23,196

Floating

3 month SOFR + 1.56%

October 30, 2037

Southside Statutory Trust V

August 10, 2007

12,887

Floating

3 month SOFR + 2.51%

September 15, 2037

Magnolia Trust Company I (1)

May 20, 2005

3,609

Floating

3 month SOFR + 2.06%

November 23, 2035

(1)On October 10, 2007, as part of an acquisition we assumed $3.6 million of floating rate junior subordinated debentures issued in 2005 to Magnolia Trust Company I.

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On November 6, 2020, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes with a maturity date of November 15, 2030. This debt initially charged interest at a fixed rate of 3.875% per year through November 14, 2025, when it became callable, and thereafter, adjusted quarterly at a floating rate equal to the then current three-month term SOFR, as published by the FRBNY, plus 366 basis points. On February 15, 2026, the Company completed the redemption of the subordinated notes. The $100.0 million principal amount included $7.0 million of the notes previously repurchased by the Company. The notes were redeemed in full at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. The remaining unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $791,000 associated with these notes were recorded on our consolidated income statements as loss on redemption of subordinated notes in noninterest expense.

On August 14, 2025, the Company issued $150.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes that mature on August 15, 2035. This debt initially charges interest at a fixed rate of 7.00% per year through August 14, 2030 and thereafter, adjusts quarterly at a floating rate equal to the then current three-month term SOFR, as published by the FRBNY, plus 357 basis points. The proceeds from the sale of the subordinated notes were used for general corporate purposes.

8. Employee Benefit Plans

The components of net periodic benefit cost (income) related to our employee benefit plans are as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Retirement Plan				Acquired Retirement Plan				Restoration Plan
	2026		2025		2026		2025		2026		2025

Interest cost	$	904	$	921	$	—	$	28	$	228	$	224
Expected return on assets	(1,017)		(1,019)		—		(34)		—		—
Net loss amortization	633		593		—		—		35		21


Net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	520	$	495	$	—	$	(6)	$	263	$	245



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Retirement Plan				Acquired Retirement Plan				Restoration Plan
	2026		2025		2026		2025		2026		2025

Interest cost	$	2,711	$	2,762	$	—	$	84	$	685	$	671
Expected return on assets	(3,050)		(3,056)		—		(102)		—		—
Net loss amortization	1,899		1,780		—		—		104		64


Net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	1,560	$	1,486	$	—	$	(18)	$	789	$	735

Effective January 1, 2026, the Acquired Retirement Plan was merged with the Retirement Plan.

All cost components disclosed above are recorded in other noninterest expense. The noncash adjustment to the employee benefit plan liabilities, consisting of changes in net loss, was $(2.0) million and $(1.8) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

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9. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

Our hedging policy allows the use of interest rate derivative instruments to manage our exposure to interest rate risk or hedge specified assets and liabilities. These instruments may include interest rate swaps and interest rate caps and floors. All derivative instruments are carried on the balance sheet at their estimated fair value and are recorded in other assets or other liabilities, as appropriate.

Derivative instruments may be designated as cash flow hedges of variable rate assets or liabilities, cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions, fair value hedges of a recognized asset or liability or as non-hedging instruments.

Cash Flow Hedges

Gains and losses on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in AOCI to the extent they are effective. If the hedge is effective, the amount recorded in other comprehensive income is reclassified to interest expense in the same periods that the hedged cash flows impact earnings. We have entered into certain interest rate swap contracts on specific variable rate agreements and fixed rate short-term pay agreements with third parties. These interest rate swap contracts were designated as hedging instruments in cash flow hedges under ASC Topic 815. The objective of the interest rate swap contracts is to manage the expected future cash flows on $615.0 million of Bank liabilities. The cash flows from the swap contracts are expected to be highly effective in hedging the variability in future cash flows attributable to fluctuations in the underlying SOFR rate. At September 30, 2026, the net gains recognized in AOCI that are expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months were $2.6 million.

From time to time, we may terminate an interest rate swap contract designated as a cash flow hedge. In accordance with ASC Topic 815, if a hedging item is terminated prior to maturity for a cash settlement, the existing gain or loss within AOCI will continue to be reclassified into earnings during the period or periods in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings unless it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period. These transactions are reevaluated on a monthly basis to determine if the hedged forecasted transactions are still probable of occurring. If at a subsequent evaluation, it is determined that the transactions are probable of not occurring, any related gains or losses recorded in AOCI are immediately recognized in earnings. As of September 30, 2026, we have not terminated any cash flow hedges because the transactions were probable of not occurring.

Fair Value Hedges

Gains and losses on derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges, as well as the change in fair value of the hedged item, are recorded in interest income in the consolidated statements of income. Gains and losses due to changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements offset changes in the fair value of the hedged portion of the hedged item. Our fair value hedges may consist of partial term fair value hedges for certain of our fixed rate callable AFS municipal securities and partial term fair value hedges of fixed rate AFS MBS and fixed rate loans using the portfolio layer method. This approach allows us to designate as the hedged item a stated amount of the assets that are not expected to be affected by prepayments, defaults and other factors affecting the timing and amount of cash flows. The fair value portfolio level hedging adjustment on our hedged MBS portfolio and hedged loan portfolio has not been attributed to the individual AFS securities or individual loans in our balance sheet. The instruments are designated as fair value hedges as the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap are expected to partially offset changes in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to changes in the SOFR swap rate, the designated benchmark interest rate. These derivative contracts involve the receipt of floating rate interest from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreement, without the exchange of the underlying notional value.

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The following table presents the amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets related to the cumulative adjustments for fair value hedges (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost of Hedged Assets (2)				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Items
	September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025		September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025
Securities AFS (1) (3)	$	1,335,422	$	1,091,568	$	8,101	$	1,142
Loans (1) (3)	—		239,990		—		(58)

1) Amounts include the amortized cost basis of closed portfolios used to designate hedging relationships under the portfolio layer method. The hedged item is a layer of the closed portfolio which is expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the amortized cost basis of the closed MBS portfolio used in these hedging relationships was $1.31 billion and $1.07 billion, respectively, the amount of the designated hedged items were $267.0 million and $301.0 million, respectively, and the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments associated with these MBS hedging relationships was a gain of $6.7 million and $789,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, the amortized cost basis of the closed loan portfolio used in these hedging relationships was $240.0 million, the amount of the designated hedged items were $155.0 million, and the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments associated with these loan hedging relationships was a loss of $58,000.

2) Excludes fair value hedging adjustments.

3) Excluded from the table above are the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments for securities AFS and loans for which hedge accounting has been discontinued in the amounts of a loss of $485,000 and a loss of $2.4 million, respectively, at September 30, 2026, and a loss of $740,000 and a loss of $3.0 million, respectively, at December 31, 2025.

Derivatives Designated as Non-Hedging Instruments

From time to time, we may enter into certain interest rate swaps, cap and floor contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments. These interest rate derivative contracts relate to transactions in which we enter into an interest rate swap, cap or floor with a customer while concurrently entering into an offsetting interest rate swap, cap or floor with a third-party financial institution. We agree to pay interest to the customer on a notional amount at a variable rate and receive interest from the customer on a similar notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, we agree to pay a third-party financial institution the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. These interest rate derivative contracts allow our customers to effectively convert a variable rate loan to a fixed rate loan. The changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts primarily offset each other and do not significantly impact our results of operations. We recognized swap fee income associated with these derivative contracts immediately based upon the difference in the bid/ask spread of the underlying transactions with the customer and the third-party financial institution. The swap fee income is included in other noninterest income in our consolidated statements of income.

At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, net derivative assets included $50.4 million and $5.5 million, respectively, of cash collateral received from counterparties under master netting agreements.

The notional amounts of the derivative instruments represent the contractual cash flows pertaining to the underlying agreements. These amounts are not exchanged and are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the interest rate swaps are presented at net in other assets and other liabilities and in the net change in each of these financial statement line items in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows when a right of offset exists, based on transactions with a single counterparty that are subject to a legally enforceable master netting agreement.

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The following tables present the notional and estimated fair value amount of derivative positions outstanding (in thousands):


	September 30, 2026						December 31, 2025
			Estimated Fair Value						Estimated Fair Value
	Notional Amount (1)		Asset Derivative		Liability Derivative		Notional Amount (1)		Asset Derivative		Liability Derivative
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts:
Swaps-Cash Flow Hedge-Financial institution counterparties	$	615,000	$	6,497	$	15	$	860,000	$	2,978	$	3,641
Swaps-Fair Value Hedge-Financial institution counterparties	291,110		7,613		—		480,110		862		161
Derivatives designated as non-hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts:
Swaps-Financial institution counterparties	1,030,518		36,695		172		706,372		13,212		7,100
Swaps-Customer counterparties	1,030,518		172		36,695		706,372		7,100		13,212
Gross derivatives			50,977		36,882				24,152		24,114
Offsetting derivative assets/liabilities			(187)		(187)				(10,902)		(10,902)
Cash collateral received/posted			(50,409)		—				(5,538)		—
Net derivatives included in the consolidated balance sheets (2)			$	381	$	36,695			$	7,712	$	13,212

(1) Notional amounts, which represent the extent of involvement in the derivatives market, are used to determine the contractual cash flows required in accordance with the terms of the agreement. These amounts are typically not exchanged, significantly exceed amounts subject to credit or market risk and are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheets.

(2) Net derivative assets are included in other assets and net derivative liabilities are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Included in the fair value of net derivative assets and net derivative liabilities are credit valuation adjustments reflecting counterparty credit risk and our credit risk. At September 30, 2026, we had $210,000 credit exposure related to interest rate swaps with financial institutions and $171,000 related to interest rate swaps with customers. At December 31, 2025, we had $612,000 credit exposure related to interest rate swaps with financial institutions and $7.1 million related to interest rate swaps with customers. The credit risk associated with customer transactions is partially mitigated as these are generally secured by the non-cash collateral securing the underlying transaction being hedged.

The summarized expected weighted average remaining maturity of the notional amount of interest rate swaps and the weighted average interest rates associated with the amounts expected to be received or paid on interest rate swap agreements are presented below (dollars in thousands). Variable rates received on fixed pay swaps are based on overnight SOFR rates in effect at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:


	September 30, 2026							December 31, 2025
			Weighted Average							Weighted Average
	Notional Amount		Remaining Maturity (in years)	Receive Rate		Pay Rate		Notional Amount		Remaining Maturity (in years)	Receive Rate		Pay Rate
Swaps-Cash Flow hedge
Financial institution counterparties	$	615,000	1.0	3.84	%	3.43	%	$	860,000	1.3	3.83	%	3.20	%
Swaps-Fair Value hedge
Financial institution counterparties	291,110		2.3	3.75	%	3.47	%	480,110		1.4	3.78	%	3.47	%
Swaps-Non-hedging
Financial institution counterparties	1,030,518		3.6	3.82	%	3.73	%	706,372		4.1	3.92	%	3.54	%
Customer counterparties	1,030,518		3.6	3.73	%	3.82	%	706,372		4.1	3.54	%	3.92	%

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The following table presents amounts included in the consolidated statements of income related to interest rate swap agreements (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Swaps-Cash Flow hedge
Gain (loss) included in interest expense on deposits	$	—	$	1,476	$	43	$	4,126
Gain (loss) included in interest expense on FHLB borrowings	(353)		512		(211)		2,301
Gain (loss) included in interest expense on other borrowings	387		—		713		—
	34		1,988		545		6,427
Swaps-Fair Value hedge
Gain (loss) included in interest income on tax-exempt investment securities	39		926		105		3,052
Gain (loss) included in interest income on MBS	198		392		587		965
Gain (loss) included in interest income on loans	—		268		1		814
Derivatives designated as non-hedging instruments
Swaps-Non-hedging
Other noninterest income	527		741		2,005		1,566

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10. Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability is not adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact and (iv) willing to transact.

Valuation techniques including the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach are utilized to determine fair value. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation policies and procedures are determined by our investment department and reported to our ALCO for review. An entity must consider all aspects of nonperforming risk, including the entity’s own credit standing, when measuring fair value of a liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. A fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets. A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.

Securities AFS and Equity Investments with readily determinable fair values – U.S. Treasury securities and equity investments with readily determinable fair values are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs. Other securities classified as AFS are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For most of these securities, we obtain fair value measurements from independent pricing services and obtain an understanding of the pricing methodologies used by these independent pricing services. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things, as stated in the pricing methodologies of the independent pricing services.

We review and validate the prices supplied by the independent pricing services for reasonableness by comparison to prices obtained from, in some cases, two additional third-party sources. For securities where prices are outside a reasonable range, we further review those securities, based on internal ALCO approved procedures, to determine what a reasonable fair value measurement is for those securities, given available data.

Derivatives – Derivatives are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. We obtain fair value measurements from two sources including an independent pricing service and the counterparty to the derivatives designated as hedges. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, credit information and the derivatives’ terms and conditions, among other things. We review the prices supplied by the sources for reasonableness. In addition, we obtain a basic understanding of their underlying pricing methodology. We validate prices supplied by the sources by comparison to one another.

Certain nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include reporting units measured at fair value and tested for goodwill impairment.

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Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, which means that the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis included foreclosed assets and collateral-dependent loans at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Foreclosed Assets – Foreclosed assets are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell. The fair value measurements of foreclosed assets can include Level 2 measurement inputs such as real estate appraisals and comparable real estate sales information, in conjunction with Level 3 measurement inputs such as cash flow projections, qualitative adjustments and sales cost estimates. As a result, the categorization of foreclosed assets is Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. In connection with the measurement and initial recognition of certain foreclosed assets, we may recognize charge-offs through the allowance for credit losses.

Collateral-Dependent Loans – Certain loans may be reported at the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected substantially from the operation or sale of the collateral. Collateral values are estimated using Level 3 inputs based on customized discounting criteria or appraisals. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the impact of the fair value of collateral-dependent loans was reflected in our allowance for loan losses.

The fair value estimate of financial instruments for which quoted market prices are unavailable is dependent upon the assumptions used. Consequently, those estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented in the fair value tables do not necessarily represent their underlying value.

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The following tables summarize assets measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value (in thousands):



			Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
September 30, 2026	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Recurring fair value measurements
Investment securities:


State and political subdivisions	$	157,958	$	—	$	157,958	$	—
Corporate bonds and other	43,223		—		43,223		—
MBS: (1)
Residential	1,422,318		—		1,422,318		—

Equity investments:
Equity investments	5,168		5,168		—		—
Derivative assets:
Interest rate swaps	50,977		—		50,977		—
Total asset recurring fair value measurements	$	1,679,644	$	5,168	$	1,674,476	$	—

Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	36,882	$	—	$	36,882	$	—
Total liability recurring fair value measurements	$	36,882	$	—	$	36,882	$	—

Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Foreclosed assets	$	331	$	—	$	—	$	331
Collateral-dependent loans (2)	11,563		—		—		11,563
Total asset nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	11,894	$	—	$	—	$	11,894

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			Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
December 31, 2025	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Recurring fair value measurements
Investment securities:


State and political subdivisions	$	176,636	$	—	$	176,636	$	—
Corporate bonds and other	18,021		—		18,021		—
MBS: (1)
Residential	1,259,268		—		1,259,268		—
Commercial	2,294		—		2,294		—
Equity investments:
Equity investments	5,426		5,426		—		—
Derivative assets:
Interest rate swaps	24,152		—		24,152		—
Total asset recurring fair value measurements	$	1,485,797	$	5,426	$	1,480,371	$	—

Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	24,114	$	—	$	24,114	$	—
Total liability recurring fair value measurements	$	24,114	$	—	$	24,114	$	—

Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Foreclosed assets	$	248	$	—	$	—	$	248
Collateral-dependent loans (2)	37,200		—		—		37,200

Total asset nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	37,448	$	—	$	—	$	37,448

(1)All MBS are issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. GSEs.

(2)Consists of individually evaluated loans. Loans for which the fair value of the collateral and commercial real estate fair value of the properties is less than cost basis are presented net of allowance. Losses on these loans represent charge-offs which are netted against the allowance for loan losses.

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Disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, is required when it is practicable to estimate that value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other estimation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Such techniques and assumptions, as they apply to individual categories of our financial instruments, are as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents – The carrying amount for cash and cash equivalents is a reasonable estimate of those assets’ fair value.

Investment and MBS HTM – Fair values for these securities are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices for similar securities or estimates from independent pricing services.

FHLB stock – The carrying amount of FHLB stock is a reasonable estimate of the fair value of those assets.

Equity investments – The carrying value of equity investments without readily determinable fair values are measured at cost less impairment, if any, adjusted for observable price changes for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. This carrying value is a reasonable estimate of the fair value of those assets.

Loans receivable – We estimate the fair value of our loan portfolio to an exit price notion with adjustments for liquidity, credit and prepayment factors. Nonperforming loans continue to be estimated using discounted cash flow analyses or the underlying value of the collateral where applicable.

Loans held for sale – The fair value of loans held for sale is determined based on expected proceeds, which are based on sales contracts and commitments.

Deposit liabilities – The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts and certain money market deposits is the amount on demand at the reporting date, which is the carrying value. Fair values for fixed rate CDs are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Other borrowings – Federal funds purchased generally have original terms to maturity of one day and repurchase agreements generally have terms of less than one year, and therefore both are considered short-term borrowings. Consequently, their carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value. Borrowings from the Federal Reserve through the FRDW have original maturities of one year or less, and the fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates at which borrowings would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities.

FHLB borrowings – The fair value of these borrowings is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates at which borrowings would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities.

Subordinated notes – The fair value of the subordinated notes is estimated by discounting future cash flows using estimated rates at which long-term debt would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the remaining maturities.

Trust preferred subordinated debentures – The fair value of the long-term debt is estimated by discounting future cash flows using estimated rates at which long-term debt would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the remaining maturities.

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The following tables present our financial assets and financial liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis at both their respective carrying amounts and estimated fair value (in thousands):


			Estimated Fair Value
September 30, 2026	Carrying Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	436,385	$	436,385	$	436,385	$	—	$	—
Investment securities:
HTM, at net carrying value	1,128,053		891,270		—		891,270		—
MBS:
HTM, at carrying value	79,442		70,128		—		70,128		—
FHLB stock, at cost	43,659		43,659		—		43,659		—
Equity investments	4,169		4,169		—		4,169		—
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses	4,911,831		4,805,509		—		—		4,805,509
Loans held for sale	969		969		—		969		—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	6,013,787	$	6,010,430	$	—	$	6,010,430	$	—
Other borrowings	894,605		890,016		—		890,016		—
FHLB borrowings	800,750		799,090		—		799,090		—
Subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	147,635		150,137		—		150,137		—
Trust preferred subordinated debentures, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	60,283		60,016		—		60,016		—


			Estimated Fair Value
December 31, 2025	Carrying Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	389,786	$	389,786	$	389,786	$	—	$	—
Investment securities:
HTM, at net carrying value	1,141,570		1,003,373		—		1,003,373		—
MBS:
HTM, at carrying value	105,907		99,931		—		99,931		—
FHLB stock, at cost	14,062		14,062		—		14,062		—
Equity investments	4,148		4,148		—		4,148		—
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses	4,772,891		4,700,476		—		—		4,700,476
Loans held for sale	1,332		1,332		—		1,332		—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	6,865,159	$	6,865,692	$	—	$	6,865,692	$	—
Other borrowings	208,657		208,635		—		208,635		—
FHLB borrowings	211,136		210,859		—		210,859		—
Subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	239,678		243,304		—		243,304		—
Trust preferred subordinated debentures, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	60,279		57,710		—		57,710		—

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11. Income Taxes

The income tax expense included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income consists of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
Current income tax expense	$	6,845	$	335	$	17,640	$	10,175
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(561)		(146)		(574)		(546)
Income tax expense	$	6,284	$	189	$	17,066	$	9,629

The net deferred tax asset totaled $42.0 million at September 30, 2026, as compared to $27.1 million at December 31, 2025. The increase in the net deferred tax asset was primarily the result of an increase in the unrealized loss in the AFS securities portfolio. No valuation allowance was recorded at September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025, as management believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax asset items will be realized in future years. Unrecognized tax benefits were not material at September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

We recognized income tax expense of $6.3 million and $17.1 million, for an ETR of 18.3% and 17.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $189,000 and $9.6 million, for an ETR of 3.7% and 16.6%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The increase in the ETR for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 was due to the impact of the net loss on the sale of AFS securities of $24.4 million recorded during the third quarter of 2025 on our net tax-exempt income as a percentage of pre-tax income. The ETR differs from the statutory rate of 21% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 primarily due to the effect of tax-exempt income from municipal loans and securities, BOLI and state income tax. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdictions and in certain states. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2023 or Texas state tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2022.

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12. Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements, Commitments and Contingencies

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk. In the normal course of business, we are a party to certain financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk to meet the financing needs of our customers. These off-balance-sheet instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount reflected in the financial statements. The contract or notional amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement and exposure to credit loss that we have in these particular classes of financial instruments. The allowance for credit losses on these off-balance-sheet credit exposures is calculated using the same methodology as loans including a conversion or usage factor to anticipate ultimate exposure and expected losses and is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

Allowance for off-balance-sheet credit exposures were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025

Balance at beginning of period	$	3,669	$	3,774	$	3,166	$	3,141

Provision for (reversal of) off-balance-sheet credit exposures	(198)		(625)		305		8
Balance at end of period	$	3,471	$	3,149	$	3,471	$	3,149

Contractual commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer provided the terms established in the contract are met. Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates and may require the payment of fees. Since some commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in commitments to extend credit and similarly do not necessarily represent future cash obligations.

Financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk were as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025

Commitments to extend credit	$	984,650	$	840,794
Standby letters of credit	30,877		19,456
Total	$	1,015,527	$	860,250

We apply the same credit policies in making commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit as we do for on-balance-sheet instruments. We evaluate each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral held varies but may include cash or cash equivalents, negotiable instruments, real estate, accounts receivable, inventory, oil, gas and mineral interests, property, plant and equipment.

Leases. During the three months ended September 30, 2026, there were no operating lease ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, there were $468,000 operating lease ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities. There were no operating lease ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Securities. In the normal course of business, we buy and sell securities. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were no unsettled trades to purchase securities and no unsettled trades to sell securities.

Deposits. There were no unsettled issuances of brokered CDs at September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

Litigation. We are involved with various litigation in the normal course of business. Management, after consulting with our legal counsel, believes that any liability resulting from litigation will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a discussion of our consolidated financial condition, changes in our financial condition and results of our operations, and should be read and reviewed in conjunction with the financial statements, and the notes thereto, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in our 2025 Form 10-K. Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A. of the 2025 Form 10-K and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, may cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements appearing in this discussion and analysis.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements of other than historical fact that are contained in this report may be considered to be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of and subject to the safe harbor protections of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, nor should they be relied upon as representing management’s views as of any subsequent date. These statements may include words such as “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “anticipate,” “appear,” “believe,” “could,” “should,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “would,” “seek,” “intend,” “probability,” “risk,” “goal,” “target,” “objective,” “plans,” “potential,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, expectations, objectives, goals, anticipations, assumptions, estimates, intentions and future performance and are subject to significant known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. For example, trends in asset quality, capital, liquidity, our ability to sell nonperforming assets, expense reductions, planned operational efficiencies and earnings from growth and certain market risk disclosures, including the impact of interest rates and our expectations regarding rate changes, tax reform, inflation, the impacts related to or resulting from other economic factors are based upon information presently available to management and are dependent on choices about key model characteristics and assumptions and are subject to various limitations. By their nature, certain of the market risk disclosures are only estimates and could be materially different from what actually occurs in the future. Accordingly, our results could materially differ from those that have been estimated. The most significant factors that could cause future results to differ materially from those anticipated by our forward-looking statements include general economic conditions in our markets, including higher energy and gas prices, the impact of changes in interest rates on our financial projections, models and guidance, as well as the effects of declines in the real estate market, tariffs or trade wars (including reduced consumer spending, lower economic growth or recession, reduced demand for U.S. exports, disruptions to supply chains and decreased demand for other banking products and services), high unemployment and increasing insurance costs, as well as the financial stress to borrowers as a result of the foregoing, all of which could impact economic growth and could cause a reduction in financial transactions and business activities, including decreased deposits and reduced loan originations and our ability to manage liquidity in a rapidly changing and unpredictable market. Other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:

•general (i) political conditions, including, without limitation, governmental action and uncertainty resulting from U.S. and global political trends and (ii) economic conditions, either globally, nationally, in the State of Texas, or in the specific markets in which we operate, including, without limitation, the deterioration of the commercial real estate, residential real estate, construction and development, energy, oil and gas, credit or liquidity markets, which could cause an adverse change in our net interest margin, or a decline in the value of our assets, which could result in realized losses, as well as the risks of an economic slowdown or recession and the effects of inflationary pressures, changes in interest rates, tariffs or trade wars (including reduced consumer spending, supply chain issues and adverse impacts to credit quality) and the related financial stress on borrowers and changes to customer behavior and credit risk as a result of the foregoing;

•changes in trade, monetary, and fiscal policies and laws, including actual changes in interest rates and the Fed Funds rate and changes in international trade policies, tariffs and treaties affecting imports and exports, and their related impacts on macroeconomic conditions, customer behavior, funding costs and loan and securities portfolios;

•inflation and fluctuations in interest rates that reduce our margins and yields, the fair value of financial instruments, the level of loan originations or prepayments on loans we have made and make, and the cost we pay to retain and attract deposits and secure other types of funding;

•current or future legislation, regulatory changes or changes in monetary or fiscal policy that adversely affect the businesses in which we or our customers or our borrowers are engaged, including the Federal Reserve’s actions to manage interest rates, tariffs, trade policies, supply chain disruptions, immigration policies and/or disputes and other regulatory responses to economic conditions;

•the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our financial projections, models and guidance;

•legislative, tax and regulatory changes, including those that impact the money supply, trade, immigration and inflation;

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•acts of terrorism, war or other conflicts, natural disasters, such as hurricanes, freezes, flooding and other man-made disasters, such as oil spills or power outages, health emergencies, epidemics or pandemics, climate change or other catastrophic events that may affect general economic conditions or cause other disruptions and/or increase costs, including, but not limited to, property and casualty and other insurance costs;

•potential impacts of the adverse developments in the banking industry highlighted by high-profile bank failures, including impacts on customer confidence, deposit outflows, liquidity and the regulatory response thereto (including increases in the cost of our deposit insurance assessments);

•technological changes, including potential cyber-security incidents and other disruptions, developments in AI, or innovations to the financial services industry, including as a result of the increased telework environment;

•our ability to identify and address cyber-security risks such as data security breaches, malware, “denial of service” attacks, “hacking” and identity theft, which may be exacerbated by developments in generative AI and which could disrupt our business and result in the disclosure of and/or misuse or misappropriation of confidential or proprietary information, disruption or damage of our systems, increased costs, significant losses, or adverse effects to our reputation;

•changes in the interest rate yield curve such as flat, inverted or steep yield curves, or changes in the interest rate environment that impact net interest margins and may impact prepayments on our MBS portfolio;

•the risk that our enterprise risk management framework, compliance program or our corporate governance and supervisory oversight functions may not identify or address risks adequately, which may result in unexpected losses;

•the effect of compliance with legislation or regulatory changes;

•credit risks of borrowers, including any increase in those risks due to changing economic conditions, including inflation, interest rates, tariffs and immigration policies;

•increases in our nonperforming assets;

•risks related to environmental liability as a result of certain lending activity;

•our ability to maintain adequate liquidity to fund operations and growth;

•our ability to control interest rate risk;

•any applicable regulatory limits or other restrictions on the Bank and its ability to pay dividends to us;

•the failure of our assumptions underlying our allowance for credit losses and other estimates;

•the failure to maintain an effective system of controls and procedures, including internal control over financial reporting;

•the effectiveness of our derivative financial instruments and hedging activities to manage risk;

•unexpected outcomes of, and the costs associated with, existing or new litigation involving us;

•potential claims, damages, penalties, fines and reputational damage resulting from pending or future litigation, regulatory proceedings and enforcement actions;

•changes impacting our balance sheet strategy;

•risks related to actual mortgage prepayments diverging from projections;

•risks related to fluctuations in the price per barrel of crude oil, including as a result of ongoing conflict in the Middle East;

•significant increases in competition in the banking and financial services industry;

•changes in consumer spending, borrowing and saving habits, including as a result of inflation, tariffs, supply chain disruptions, fluctuating interest rates and recessionary concerns;

•execution of future acquisitions, reorganization or disposition transactions, including the risk that the anticipated benefits of such transactions are not realized;

•our ability to increase market share and control expenses;

•our ability to develop competitive new products and services in a timely manner and the acceptance of such products and services by our customers;

•the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices;

•adverse changes in the status or financial condition of the GSEs which impact the GSEs’ guarantees or ability to pay or issue debt;

•adverse changes in the credit portfolios of other U.S. financial institutions relative to the performance of certain of our investment securities;

•risks related to actual U.S. agency MBS prepayments exceeding projected prepayment levels;

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•risks related to U.S. agency MBS prepayments increasing due to U.S. government programs designed to assist homeowners to refinance their mortgages that might not otherwise have qualified;

•risks related to loans secured by real estate, including the risk that the value and marketability of collateral could decline;

•risks associated with our common stock and our other securities, including fluctuations in our stock price and general volatility in the stock market; and

•other risks and uncertainties discussed in “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 2025 Form 10-K.

All written or oral forward-looking statements made by us or attributable to us are expressly qualified by this cautionary notice. We disclaim any obligation to update any factors or to announce publicly the result of revisions to any of the forward-looking statements included herein to reflect future events or developments, unless otherwise required by law.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our accounting and reporting estimates conform with U.S. GAAP and general practices within the financial services industry. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. We consider accounting estimates that can (1) be replaced by other reasonable estimates and/or (2) changes to an estimate from period to period that have a material impact on the presentation of our financial condition, changes in financial condition or results of operations as well as (3) those estimates that require significant and complex assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain to be critical accounting estimates. We consider our critical accounting estimates to include allowance for credit losses on loans and off-balance-sheet credit exposure.

Critical accounting estimates include a high degree of uncertainty in the underlying assumptions. Management bases its estimates on historical experience, current information and other factors deemed relevant. The development, selection and disclosure of our critical accounting estimates are reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. Actual results could differ from these estimates. For additional information regarding critical accounting policies, refer to “Part II – Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Estimates,” “Part II – Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Allowance for Credit Losses – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses – Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures,” “Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies,” “Note 5 – Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses” and “Note 17 – Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements, Commitments and Contingencies” in the 2025 Form 10-K. As of September 30, 2026, there have been no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Certain non-GAAP measures are used by management to supplement the evaluation of our performance. These include the following fully taxable-equivalent measures: net interest income (FTE), net interest margin (FTE) and net interest spread (FTE), which include the effects of taxable-equivalent adjustments using a federal income tax rate of 21% to increase tax-exempt interest income to a tax-equivalent basis. Interest income earned on certain assets is completely or partially exempt from federal income tax. As such, these tax-exempt instruments typically yield lower returns than taxable investments.

Net interest income (FTE), net interest margin (FTE) and net interest spread (FTE). Net interest income (FTE) is a non-GAAP measure that adjusts for the tax-favored status of net interest income from certain loans and investments and is not permitted under GAAP in the consolidated statements of income. We believe that this measure is the preferred industry measurement of net interest income, and that it enhances comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources. The most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is our net interest income. Net interest margin (FTE) is the ratio of net interest income (FTE) to average earning assets. The most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is our net interest margin. Net interest spread (FTE) is the difference in the average yield on average earning assets on a tax-equivalent basis and the average rate paid on average interest bearing liabilities. The most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is our net interest spread.

These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered alternatives to GAAP-basis financial statements and other bank holding companies may define or calculate these non-GAAP measures or similar measures differently. Whenever we present a non-GAAP financial measure in an SEC filing, we are also required to present the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP and reconcile the differences between the non-GAAP financial measure and such comparable GAAP measure.

In the following table we present the reconciliation of net interest income to net interest income adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis assuming a 21% marginal tax rate for interest earned on tax-exempt assets such as municipal loans and investment securities (dollars in thousands), along with the calculation of net interest margin (FTE) and net interest spread (FTE).


Non-GAAP Reconciliations
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026			2025			2026			2025
Net interest income (GAAP)	$	60,296		$	55,718		$	175,319		$	163,836
Tax-equivalent adjustments:
Loans	629			553			1,717			1,699
Tax-exempt investment securities	1,483			1,852			4,218			5,492
Net interest income (FTE) (1)	$	62,408		$	58,123		$	181,254		$	171,027

Average earning assets	$	8,203,914		$	7,854,552		$	8,149,288		$	7,840,544

Net interest margin	2.92		%	2.81		%	2.88		%	2.79		%
Net interest margin (FTE) (1)	3.02		%	2.94		%	2.97		%	2.92		%

Net interest spread	2.26		%	2.14		%	2.24		%	2.12		%
Net interest spread (FTE) (1)	2.36		%	2.26		%	2.33		%	2.24		%

(1)These amounts are presented on a fully taxable-equivalent basis and are non-GAAP measures.

Management believes adjusting net interest income, net interest margin and net interest spread to a fully taxable-equivalent basis is a standard practice in the banking industry as these measures provide useful information to make peer comparisons. Tax-equivalent adjustments are reported in the respective earning asset categories as listed in the “Average Balances with Average Yields and Rates” tables under Results of Operations.

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OVERVIEW

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Ongoing tariff negotiations and conflict in the Middle East have caused some uncertainty related to inflation levels, energy and gas prices, and their impact on interest rates and the overall economy, including the economy in the State of Texas. While it is too early to discern the likely outcome of these tariff negotiations and military conflicts, the current economic conditions and growth prospects for our markets continue to reflect a solid and overall positive outlook. Higher inflation levels, including higher energy and gas prices, and interest rate fluctuations could have a negative impact on both our consumer and commercial borrowers in the future. Overall, however, we believe that the Texas markets we serve remain healthy.

DEPOSITS

Our deposits were $6.01 billion at September 30, 2026, a decrease of $851.4 million, or 12.4%, from December 31, 2025. At September 30, 2026, we had 178,615 total deposit accounts with an average balance of $33,000. Our estimated uninsured deposits were 41.8% of total deposits as of September 30, 2026. When excluding affiliate deposits (Southside-owned deposits) and public fund deposits (all collateralized), our total estimated deposits without insurance or collateral was 26.8% of total deposits as of September 30, 2026.

Our noninterest bearing deposits represent approximately 23.3% of total deposits. During the three months ended September 30, 2026, our cost of interest bearing deposits decreased 37 basis points to 2.45% from 2.82% for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Our cost of total deposits for the third quarter of 2026 decreased 36 basis points to 1.89% from 2.25% for the three months ended September 30, 2025.

Our cost of interest bearing deposits decreased 30 basis points, from 2.83% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 to 2.53% for the nine months ended September 30, 2026. Our cost of total deposits decreased 27 basis points, from 2.26% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 to 1.99% for the nine months ended September 30, 2026.

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

Our capital ratios and contingent liquidity sources remain solid. The table below shows our total lines of credit, borrowings, total amounts available for future liquidity, and swapped value as of September 30, 2026 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2026
	Line of Credit		Borrowings		Total Available for Future Liquidity		Swapped

FHLB advances	$	2,566,541	$	800,750	$	1,765,791	$	275,000
Federal Reserve discount window	847,864		835,000		12,864		340,000
Correspondent bank lines of credit	80,000		—		80,000		—
Total liquidity lines	$	3,494,405	$	1,635,750	$	1,858,655	$	615,000

Operating Results

Net income was $28.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $4.9 million for the same period in 2025, an increase of $23.1 million, or 469.4%. The increase in net income was largely driven by a $25.7 million increase in noninterest income and, to a lesser extent, a $4.6 million increase in net interest income and a $345,000 decrease in provision for credit losses, partially offset by a $6.1 million increase in income tax expense and a $1.5 million increase in noninterest expense. There were no sales of AFS securities during the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to a net loss on sale of AFS securities, included in noninterest income, of $24.4 million for the same period in 2025. Earnings per diluted common share were $0.93 for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $0.16 for the same period in 2025, an increase of $0.77, or 481.3%.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, our net income increased $29.8 million, or 61.9%, to $78.1 million from $48.2 million for the same period in 2025. The increase in net income was due to a $30.0 million increase in noninterest income and, to a lesser extent, $11.5 million increase in net interest income and a $232,000 decrease in provision for credit losses, partially offset by a $7.4 million increase in income tax expense and a $4.4 million increase in noninterest expense. There were no sales of AFS securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to a net loss on sale of AFS securities, included in noninterest income, of $24.9 million for the same period in 2025. Earnings per diluted common share

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increased $1.02, or 64.2%, to $2.61 for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $1.59 for the same period in 2025.

Financial Condition

Our total assets increased $350.5 million, or 4.1%, to $8.87 billion at September 30, 2026 from $8.51 billion at December 31, 2025. Our securities portfolio increased by $127.3 million, or 4.7%, to $2.83 billion at September 30, 2026, compared to $2.70 billion at December 31, 2025. The increase in the securities portfolio was due to an increase in MBS during the nine months ended September 30, 2026. Our FHLB stock increased $29.6 million, or 210.5%, to $43.7 million from $14.1 million at December 31, 2025, due to the increase in our FHLB borrowings during the nine months ended September 30, 2026.

Loans at September 30, 2026 were $4.96 billion, an increase of $140.7 million, or 2.9%, compared to $4.82 billion at December 31, 2025, due to increases of $65.3 million in commercial loans, $41.1 million in commercial owner-occupied loans, $23.1 million in commercial real estate loans, $21.0 million in municipal loans and $543,000 in 1-4 family residential loans. These increases were partially offset by decreases of $5.6 million in construction loans and $4.8 million in loans to individuals. Loans held for sale decreased $363,000, or 27.3%, to $969,000 at September 30, 2026 from $1.3 million at December 31, 2025.

Our nonperforming assets at September 30, 2026 decreased $22.4 million, or 58.6%, to $15.8 million and represented 0.18% of total assets, compared to $38.2 million, or 0.45% of total assets, at December 31, 2025, primarily due to a decrease of $27.5 million in restructured loans, partially offset by a $5.2 million increase in accruing loans past due more than 90 days. The decrease in restructured loans was due to the payoff of a $27.5 million restructured commercial real estate loan in the first quarter of 2026 that was originally restructured with an extension of maturity in the first quarter of 2025 to allow for an extended lease up period. There was one $5.2 million commercial real estate loan past due more than 90 days as of September 30, 2026 that subsequently paid off in full on October 1, 2026. Nonaccruing loans decreased $182,000, or 1.7%, to $10.3 million, and the ratio of nonaccruing loans to total loans was 0.21% and 0.22% for September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. There were no repossessed assets at September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025. There was $331,000 of OREO at September 30, 2026 and $248,000 at December 31, 2025.

Our deposits decreased $851.4 million, or 12.4%, to $6.01 billion at September 30, 2026, from $6.87 billion at December 31, 2025, due to decreases in brokered deposits of $617.8 million, or 91.9%, and public fund deposits of $240.4 million, or 20.8%, partially offset by an increase in retail deposits of $6.8 million, or 0.1%. The marginal increase in retail deposits of $6.8 million consists of a $32.3 million increase in interest bearing deposits, partially offset by a $25.6 million decrease in noninterest bearing deposits.

Total FHLB borrowings increased $589.6 million, or 279.3%, to $800.8 million at September 30, 2026 from $211.1 million at December 31, 2025, due to a shift from brokered deposits into FHLB borrowings.

Other borrowings increased $685.9 million, or 328.7%, to $894.6 million at September 30, 2026, from $208.7 million at December 31, 2025, due to a $725.0 million increase in FRDW borrowings, partially offset by a $39.1 million decrease in repurchase agreements.

Our subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, decreased $92.0 million, or 38.4%, to $147.6 million at September 30, 2026 from $239.7 million at December 31, 2025, as a result of the full redemption of $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.875% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes during the first quarter of 2026. Refer to “Note 7 – Long-term Debt” in our consolidated financial statements included in this report for a detailed description of the terms of the redemption of the subordinated notes.

Our total shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2026 decreased 0.6%, or $4.7 million, to $842.9 million, or 9.5% of total assets, compared to $847.6 million, or 10.0% of total assets, at December 31, 2025. The decrease in shareholders’ equity was the result of other comprehensive loss of $54.2 million, cash dividends paid of $32.5 million and net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans of $407,000, partially offset by net income of $78.1 million, stock compensation expense of $3.6 million and common stock issued under our dividend reinvestment plan of $676,000.

Key financial indicators management follows include, but are not limited to, numerous interest rate sensitivity and interest rate risk indicators, credit risk, operations risk, liquidity risk, capital risk, regulatory risk, inflation risk, competition risk, yield curve risk, U.S. agency MBS prepayment risk and economic risk indicators.

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Balance Sheet Strategy

Determining the appropriate size of the balance sheet is one of the critical decisions any bank makes. Our balance sheet is not merely the result of a series of micro-decisions, but rather the size is controlled based on the economics of assets compared to the economics of funding and funding sources. Changing interest rate environments and economic conditions require that we monitor the interest rate sensitivity of our assets, the funding driving our growth and closely align ALCO objectives accordingly.

We ended the third quarter of 2026 with approximately $12.9 million in available liquidity from the FRDW, in addition to the approximately $1.77 billion available from the credit line with FHLB due primarily to the blanket lien on our loan portfolio and to a lesser extent, securities available as collateral. At September 30, 2026, the estimated deposits, without insurance or collateral, to total deposits, excluding affiliate deposits (Southside-owned deposits) was 26.8%, or $1.61 billion.

From time to time, we may enter into certain interest rate swap contracts with third parties using specific variable rates, as well as short-term (generally three months or less) fixed rate borrowings designated as cash flow hedges under ASC Topic 815. At September 30, 2026, we had swap contracts covering $340 million in FRDW borrowings and $275 million in FHLB borrowings for a total of $615 million of cash flow hedges. We expect the cash flows from swap contracts to be highly effective in hedging the variability in future cash flows attributable to fluctuations in the underlying SOFR rate. At September 30, 2026, these contracts reflected a weighted average rate of 3.88% with a remaining average weighted maturity of 1.0 year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, $245 million cash flow hedge interest rate swap contracts matured. As of September 30, 2026, a pre-tax unrealized gain of $6.5 million was recognized in other comprehensive income, and there was no ineffective portion of these hedges. At December 31, 2025, the outstanding balance of cash flow hedges was $860 million. Refer to “Note 9 – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities” in our consolidated financial statements included in this report for a detailed description of our hedging policy and methodology related to derivative instruments.

We continue to evaluate the lowest cost wholesale funding sources and will utilize either FHLB advances, FRDW borrowings, brokered deposits, or any combination of the three funding sources to minimize interest expense while also utilizing cash flow hedges to mitigate the impacts of interest rate movements. Wholesale funding and securities are utilized to enhance overall profitability, to determine the appropriate leverage of our capital and to determine acceptable levels of credit, interest rate and liquidity risk consistent with prudent capital management. Wholesale funds are invested primarily in U.S. agency MBS and long-term municipal securities and to a lesser extent, corporate securities. Although the securities often carry lower yields than loans, these securities generally (i) increase the overall quality of our assets due to either the implicit or explicit guarantees of the U.S. Government and the guarantees of the municipalities, (ii) are more liquid than individual loans and (iii) may be used to collateralize our borrowings or other obligations.

Risks associated with this asset structure include a potentially lower net interest rate spread and margin when compared to our peers, changes in the slope of the yield curve, increased interest rate risk, the length of interest rate cycles, changes in volatility or spreads associated with the MBS, municipal and corporate securities, the unpredictable nature of MBS prepayments and credit risks associated with the municipal and corporate securities. See “Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Business” in the 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of risks related to interest rates. An additional risk is significant increases in interest rates, especially long-term interest rates, which could adversely impact the fair value of the AFS securities portfolio and could also impact our equity capital. Due to the unpredictable nature of MBS prepayments, the length of interest rate cycles and the slope of the interest rate yield curve, net interest income could fluctuate more than simulated under the scenarios modeled by our ALCO and described under “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in this report.

Our securities portfolio increased $127.3 million, or 4.7%, from $2.70 billion at December 31, 2025 to $2.83 billion at September 30, 2026, with increases in U.S. Agency MBS, and to a lesser extent, corporate bonds, partially offset by a decrease in municipal securities. As a result, securities totaled 31.9% of total assets at September 30, 2026, compared to 31.8% at December 31, 2025. The increase in the U.S. Agency MBS was due to the purchase of $504.6 million of low premium and discounted MBS with coupons ranging from 4.50% to 6.00%. The increase in corporate bonds was due to the purchase of $25.5 million in 6.25% to 7.00% coupon corporate bonds. The net increase in the total securities portfolio was due to securities purchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2026, which more than offset maturities, principal payments and net amortization.

Cash and cash equivalents increased to 4.9% of total assets at September 30, 2026, compared to 4.6% at December 31, 2025.

Our FHLB borrowings increased $589.6 million, or 279.3%, to $800.8 million at September 30, 2026, from $211.1 million at December 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had $835.0 million and $110.0 million, respectively, in borrowings from the FRDW.

As of September 30, 2026, our total wholesale funding as a percentage of deposits, not including brokered deposits, increased to 28.4% from 16.0% at December 31, 2025.

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Our brokered deposits may consist of CDs and non-maturity deposits which may be raised quickly with terms tailored to our funding needs. We had $39.3 million brokered CDs at September 30, 2026, compared to $19.8 million at December 31, 2025. At September 30, 2026, our brokered CDs had a weighted average cost of 403 basis points and remaining maturities of less than three months. Our brokered non-maturity deposits decreased to $15.1 million at September 30, 2026, from $652.4 million at December 31, 2025, with a weighted average cost of 408 and 359 basis points, respectively. Our wholesale funding policy currently allows for maximum brokered deposits of the lesser of $1.05 billion, or 12% of total assets. Potential higher interest expense and lack of customer loyalty are risks associated with the use of brokered deposits.

At September 30, 2026, a portion of the securities portfolio was funded by non-maturity deposits, some of which are included in wholesale funding that accounts for approximately 58% of the funding source, of which approximately 36% is swapped at a fixed rate, providing protection from rising interest rates.

We have partial term fair value hedges for certain of our fixed rate callable AFS municipal securities and partial term fair value hedges of fixed rate AFS MBS using the portfolio layer method. The instruments are designated as fair value hedges as the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap are expected to partially offset changes in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to changes in the SOFR swap rate, the designated benchmark interest rate. As of September 30, 2026, $24.1 million in hedging instruments were used to hedge municipal securities with a carrying amount of $18.6 million included in our AFS securities portfolio in our consolidated balance sheets, representing approximately 11.8% of the AFS municipal portfolio. As of September 30, 2026, $267.0 million in hedging instruments were used to hedge 88.4% of our AFS MBS portfolio with a carrying value of $1.26 billion. These derivative contracts involve the receipt of floating rate interest from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreement, without the exchange of the underlying notional value.

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Results of Operations

Our results of operations are dependent primarily on net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on assets (loans and investments) and interest expense due on our funding sources (deposits and borrowings) during a particular period. Results of operations are also affected by our noninterest income, provision for credit losses, noninterest expenses and income tax expense. General economic and competitive conditions, particularly changes in interest rates, inflation, changes in interest rate yield curves, prepayment rates of MBS and loans, repricing of loan relationships, government policies and actions of regulatory authorities also significantly affect our results of operations. Future changes in applicable laws, regulations or government policies may also have a material impact on our results of operations. See “Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Business” in the 2025 Form 10-K for further discussion of these risks.

The following table presents net interest income for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
Interest income:
Loans	$	72,926	$	69,699	$	215,802	$	204,538
Taxable investment securities	4,906		5,578		14,241		18,146
Tax-exempt investment securities	6,140		8,245		18,439		25,209
MBS	19,698		14,174		56,068		40,737
FHLB stock and equity investments	525		374		989		1,381
Other interest earning assets	2,675		3,826		7,507		10,735
Total interest income	106,870		101,896		313,046		300,746
Interest expense:
Deposits	29,150		38,758		95,993		113,432
FHLB borrowings	9,025		2,847		18,248		12,405
Subordinated notes	2,694		2,319		8,957		4,186
Trust preferred subordinated debentures	941		1,025		2,778		3,054
Repurchase agreements	491		662		1,904		1,962
Other borrowings	4,273		567		9,847		1,871
Total interest expense	46,574		46,178		137,727		136,910
Net interest income	$	60,296	$	55,718	$	175,319	$	163,836

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is one of the principal sources of a financial institution’s earnings stream and represents the difference or spread between interest and fee income generated from interest earning assets and the interest expense paid on interest bearing liabilities. Fluctuations in interest rates or interest rate yield curves, as well as repricing characteristics and volume and changes in the mix of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, materially impact net interest income. During the last four months of 2025, the Federal Reserve reduced the target federal funds rate by 75 basis points to 3.50% to 3.75%. During the third quarter of 2026, the Federal Reserve raised the target federal funds rate by 25 basis points to 3.75% to 4.00%.

Net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased $4.6 million, or 8.2%, compared to the same period in 2025. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to an increase in average balance of our interest earning assets and a decrease in the average rate paid on our interest bearing liabilities, partially offset by an increase in the average balance of our interest bearing liabilities and a change in the mix of our interest earning assets. Total interest income increased $5.0 million, or 4.9%, to $106.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $101.9 million during the same period in 2025. Total interest expense increased $396,000, or 0.9%, to $46.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $46.2 million for the same period in 2025. Our net interest margin and our net interest margin (FTE), a non-GAAP measure, both increased to 2.92% and 3.02%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to 2.81% and 2.94%, respectively, for the same period in 2025. Our net interest spread and net interest spread (FTE), also a non-GAAP measure, was 2.26% and 2.36%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to 2.14% and 2.26%, respectively, for the same period in 2025. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and a reconciliation to GAAP.

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Net interest income was $175.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $163.8 million for the same period in 2025, an increase of $11.5 million, or 7.0%. The increase in net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was due to an increase in the average balance of our interest earning assets and a decrease in the average rate paid on our interest bearing liabilities, partially offset by an increase in the average balance of our interest bearing liabilities and a decrease in the yield on our interest earning assets. Total interest income increased $12.3 million, or 4.1%, to $313.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $300.7 million for the same period in 2025. Total interest expense increased $817,000, or 0.6%, to $137.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $136.9 million for the same period in 2025. Our net interest margin and net interest margin (FTE), a non-GAAP measure, increased to 2.88% and 2.97%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to 2.79% and 2.92%, respectively, for the same period in 2025, and our net interest spread and net interest spread (FTE), also a non-GAAP measure, increased to 2.24% and 2.33%, respectively, compared to 2.12% and 2.24%, respectively, for the same period in 2025. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and for a reconciliation to GAAP.

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Quarterly Analysis of Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense

The following table presents, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, a non-GAAP measure, the net change in net interest income and sets forth the dollar amount of increase (decrease) in the average volume of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and changes in yields/rates. Volume/Yield/Rate variances (change in volume times change in yield/rate) have been allocated to amounts attributable to changes in volumes and to changes in yields/rates in proportion to the amounts directly attributable to those changes (in thousands).


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2026 Compared to 2025
	Change Attributable to				Total
Fully Taxable-Equivalent Basis:	Average Volume		Average Yield/Rate		Change
Interest income on:
Loans (1)	$	4,202	$	(898)	$	3,304
Loans held for sale	—		(1)		(1)
Taxable investment securities	(796)		124		(672)
Tax-exempt investment securities (1)	(2,074)		(400)		(2,474)
Mortgage-backed and related securities	5,736		(212)		5,524
FHLB stock, at cost, and equity investments	154		(3)		151
Interest earning deposits	(671)		(570)		(1,241)
Federal funds sold	128		(38)		90
Total earning assets	6,679		(1,998)		4,681
Interest expense on:
Savings accounts	479		878		1,357
CDs	(3,128)		(1,847)		(4,975)
Interest bearing demand accounts	(3,166)		(2,824)		(5,990)
FHLB borrowings	5,980		198		6,178
Subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	(323)		698		375
Trust preferred subordinated debentures, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	—		(84)		(84)
Repurchase agreements	(107)		(64)		(171)
Other borrowings	4,047		(341)		3,706
Total interest bearing liabilities	3,782		(3,386)		396
Net change	$	2,897	$	1,388	$	4,285

(1)Interest yields on loans and securities that are nontaxable for federal income tax purposes are presented on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and for a reconciliation to GAAP.

The increase in total interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2026, was attributable to a $349.4 million, or 4.4%, increase in the average balance of our interest earning assets when compared to the same period in 2025, partially offset by a change in the mix of our interest earning assets. The increase in total interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2026, was primarily attributable to an increase in the average balance of our interest bearing liabilities of $269.6 million, or 4.4%, compared to the same period in 2025, partially offset by the decrease in the average rate paid on our interest bearing liabilities to 2.91% for the three months ended September 30, 2026, from 3.01% for the same period in 2025.

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The following table presents average earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, together with the average yield on the earning assets and the average rate of the interest bearing liabilities (dollars in thousands) for the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025. The interest and related yields presented are on a fully taxable-equivalent basis and are therefore non-GAAP measures. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and for a reconciliation to GAAP.


	Average Balances with Average Yields and Rates (Annualized)
	(unaudited)
	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2026						September 30, 2025
	Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Rate (3)		Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Rate (3)
ASSETS
Loans (1)	$	4,920,727	$	73,544	5.93	%	$	4,640,220	$	70,240	6.01	%
Loans held for sale	770		11		5.67	%	776		12		6.14	%
Securities:
Taxable investment securities (2)	576,023		4,906		3.38	%	669,712		5,578		3.30	%
Tax-exempt investment securities (2)	862,086		7,623		3.51	%	1,094,978		10,097		3.66	%
Mortgage-backed and related securities (2)	1,493,507		19,698		5.23	%	1,058,860		14,174		5.31	%
Total securities	2,931,616		32,227		4.36	%	2,823,550		29,849		4.19	%
FHLB stock, at cost, and equity investments	53,617		525		3.88	%	37,937		374		3.91	%
Interest earning deposits	266,270		2,390		3.56	%	334,523		3,631		4.31	%
Federal funds sold	30,914		285		3.66	%	17,546		195		4.41	%
Total earning assets	8,203,914		108,982		5.27	%	7,854,552		104,301		5.27	%
Cash and due from banks	76,097						87,815
Accrued interest and other assets	500,205						455,884
Less: Allowance for loan losses	(46,115)						(44,476)
Total assets	$	8,734,101					$	8,353,775
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Savings accounts	$	762,996	3,129		1.63	%	$	618,059	1,772		1.14	%
CDs	1,180,291		10,777		3.62	%	1,505,292		15,752		4.15	%
Interest bearing demand accounts	2,785,106		15,244		2.17	%	3,320,993		21,234		2.54	%
Total interest bearing deposits	4,728,393		29,150		2.45	%	5,444,344		38,758		2.82	%
FHLB borrowings	887,034		9,025		4.04	%	298,138		2,847		3.79	%
Subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	147,612		2,694		7.24	%	169,196		2,319		5.44	%
Trust preferred subordinated debentures, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	60,282		941		6.19	%	60,277		1,025		6.75	%
Repurchase agreements	62,237		491		3.13	%	75,207		662		3.49	%
Other borrowings	466,750		4,273		3.63	%	35,544		567		6.33	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	6,352,308		46,574		2.91	%	6,082,706		46,178		3.01	%
Noninterest bearing deposits	1,402,569						1,375,075
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	94,604						83,601
Total liabilities	7,849,481						7,541,382
Shareholders’ equity	884,620						812,393
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	8,734,101					$	8,353,775
Net interest income (FTE)			$	62,408					$	58,123
Net interest margin (FTE)					3.02	%					2.94	%
Net interest spread (FTE)					2.36	%					2.26	%

(1)Interest on loans includes net fees on loans that are not material in amount.

(2)For the purpose of calculating the average yield, the average balance of securities does not include unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities.

(3)Yield/rate includes the impact of applicable derivatives.

Note: As of September 30, 2026 and 2025, loans totaling $10.3 million and $8.0 million, respectively, were on nonaccrual status. Our policy is to reverse previously accrued but unpaid interest on nonaccrual loans; thereafter, interest income is recorded to the extent received, when appropriate.

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Year-to-Date Analysis of Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026 Compared to 2025
	Change Attributable to				Total
Fully Taxable-Equivalent Basis:	Average Volume		Average Yield/Rate		Change
Interest income on:
Loans (1)	$	14,374	$	(3,082)	$	11,292
Loans held for sale	(8)		(2)		(10)
Taxable investment securities	(3,490)		(415)		(3,905)
Tax-exempt investment securities (1)	(6,773)		(1,271)		(8,044)
Mortgage-backed and related securities	16,488		(1,157)		15,331
FHLB stock, at cost, and equity investments	122		(514)		(392)
Interest earning deposits	(1,218)		(1,556)		(2,774)
Federal funds sold	(301)		(153)		(454)
Total earning assets	19,194		(8,150)		11,044
Interest expense on:
Savings accounts	1,059		2,510		3,569
CDs	(4,309)		(5,482)		(9,791)
Interest bearing demand accounts	(5,033)		(6,184)		(11,217)
FHLB borrowings	5,500		343		5,843
Subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	1,971		2,800		4,771
Trust preferred subordinated debentures, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	—		(276)		(276)
Repurchase agreements	74		(132)		(58)
Other borrowings	9,463		(1,487)		7,976
Total interest bearing liabilities	8,725		(7,908)		817
Net change	$	10,469	$	(242)	$	10,227

The increase in total interest income was attributable to a $308.7 million, or 3.9%, increase in the average balance of our interest earning assets when compared to the same period in 2025, partially offset by the decrease in the average yield on earning assets to 5.23% for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, from 5.25% for the same period in 2025. The increase in total interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was attributable to an increase in the average balance of our interest bearing liabilities of $263.6 million, or 4.3%, when compared to the same period in 2025, partially offset by a decrease in rate paid on interest bearing liabilities to 2.90% for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, from 3.01% for the same period in 2025.

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The following table presents average earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, together with the average yield on the earning assets and the average rate of the interest bearing liabilities (dollars in thousands) for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025. The interest and related yields presented are on a fully taxable-equivalent basis and are therefore non-GAAP measures. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and for a reconciliation to GAAP.


	Average Balances with Average Yields and Rates (Annualized)
	(unaudited)
	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2026						September 30, 2025
	Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Rate (3)		Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Rate (3)
ASSETS
Loans (1)	$	4,919,624	$	217,490	5.91	%	$	4,595,316	$	206,198	6.00	%
Loans held for sale	700		29		5.54	%	879		39		5.93	%
Securities:
Taxable investment securities (2)	576,865		14,241		3.30	%	717,887		18,146		3.38	%
Tax-exempt investment securities (2)	863,645		22,657		3.51	%	1,120,012		30,701		3.66	%
Mortgage-backed and related securities (2)	1,464,582		56,068		5.12	%	1,034,660		40,737		5.26	%
Total securities	2,905,092		92,966		4.28	%	2,872,559		89,584		4.17	%
FHLB stock, at cost, and equity investments	41,004		989		3.22	%	37,444		1,381		4.93	%
Interest earning deposits	263,541		6,980		3.54	%	304,730		9,754		4.28	%
Federal funds sold	19,327		527		3.65	%	29,616		981		4.43	%
Total earning assets	8,149,288		318,981		5.23	%	7,840,544		307,937		5.25	%
Cash and due from banks	79,005						87,305
Accrued interest and other assets	511,279						455,402
Less: Allowance for loan losses	(45,976)						(44,774)
Total assets	$	8,693,596					$	8,338,477
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Savings accounts	$	723,113	8,221		1.52	%	$	602,800	4,652		1.03	%
CDs	1,273,355		35,272		3.70	%	1,416,992		45,063		4.25	%
Interest bearing demand accounts	3,068,959		52,500		2.29	%	3,345,909		63,717		2.55	%
Total interest bearing deposits	5,065,427		95,993		2.53	%	5,365,701		113,432		2.83	%
FHLB borrowings	622,465		18,248		3.92	%	434,558		12,405		3.82	%
Subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	163,437		8,957		7.33	%	118,067		4,186		4.74	%
Trust preferred subordinated debentures, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	60,281		2,778		6.16	%	60,276		3,054		6.77	%
Repurchase agreements	77,118		1,904		3.30	%	74,264		1,962		3.53	%
Other borrowings	359,967		9,847		3.66	%	32,218		1,871		7.76	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	6,348,695		137,727		2.90	%	6,085,084		136,910		3.01	%
Noninterest bearing deposits	1,384,298						1,349,971
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	87,789						85,882
Total liabilities	7,820,782						7,520,937
Shareholders’ equity	872,814						817,540
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	8,693,596					$	8,338,477
Net interest income (FTE)			$	181,254					$	171,027
Net interest margin (FTE)					2.97	%					2.92	%
Net interest spread (FTE)					2.33	%					2.24	%

(1)Interest on loans includes net fees on loans that are not material in amount.

(2)For the purpose of calculating the average yield, the average balance of securities does not include unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities.

(3)Yield/rate includes the impact of applicable derivatives.

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Noninterest Income

Noninterest income consists of revenue generated from a broad range of financial services and activities and other fee-generating services that we either provide or in which we participate.

The following table details the categories included in noninterest income (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				2026
					Change From
	2026		2025		2025
Deposit services	$	6,607	$	6,069	$	538	8.9	%
Net gain (loss) on sale of securities AFS	—		(24,395)		24,395		100.0	%

Gain (loss) on sale of loans	96		164		(68)		(41.5)	%
Trust fees	2,663		2,081		582		28.0	%
BOLI	944		871		73		8.4	%
Brokerage services	1,540		1,172		368		31.4	%
Other noninterest income	1,883		2,048		(165)		(8.1)	%
Total noninterest income (loss)	$	13,733	$	(11,990)	$	25,723	214.5	%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,			2026
			Change From
		2026		2025		2025
Deposit services				$	18,927	$	18,023	$	904	5.0	%
Net gain (loss) on sale of securities AFS				—		(24,949)		24,949		100.0	%

Gain (loss) on sale of loans				270		318		(48)		(15.1)	%
Trust fees				7,269		5,725		1,544		27.0	%
BOLI				3,405		2,503		902		36.0	%
Brokerage services				4,306		3,511		795		22.6	%
Other noninterest income				6,156		5,247		909		17.3	%
Total noninterest income				$	40,333	$	10,378	$	29,955	288.6	%

The 214.5% increase in noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same period in 2025, was due to a decrease in net loss on sale of securities AFS and increases in trust fees, deposit services and brokerage services income. The 288.6% increase in noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same period in 2025, was due to a decrease in net loss on sale of securities AFS and increases in trust fees, other noninterest income, deposit services income, BOLI and brokerage services income.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we sold MBS and municipal securities that resulted in a net loss on sale of AFS securities of $24.4 million and $24.9 million, respectively.

Gain on sale of loans decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same periods in 2025, due to a decrease in the volume of loans sold.

Trust fees increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same periods in 2025, due to an increase in assets under management, and to a lesser extent, fee repricing.

The increase in BOLI income for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same period in 2025, was due to death benefits of $590,000 realized in the first six months of 2026 for former covered officers, and to a lesser extent, the purchase of a new policy for $5.5 million late in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Brokerage services income increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same periods in 2025, due to an increase in assets under management.

Other noninterest income increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same period in 2025, primarily due to increases in mortgage servicing fee income, swap fee income, letter of credit fee and deluxe income, partially offset by a decrease in equity investment income.

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Noninterest Expense

We incur certain types of noninterest expenses associated with the operation of our various business activities. The following table details the categories included in noninterest expense (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				2026
					Change From
	2026		2025		2025
Salaries and employee benefits	$	23,742	$	22,803	$	939	4.1	%
Net occupancy	3,556		3,761		(205)		(5.5)	%

Advertising, travel & entertainment	1,194		907		287		31.6	%
ATM expense	332		444		(112)		(25.2)	%
Professional fees	1,345		1,451		(106)		(7.3)	%
Software and data processing	3,317		2,770		547		19.7	%
Communications	292		321		(29)		(9.0)	%
FDIC insurance	993		920		73		7.9	%
Amortization of intangibles	109		172		(63)		(36.6)	%

Other noninterest expense	4,142		3,985		157		3.9	%
Total noninterest expense	$	39,022	$	37,534	$	1,488	4.0	%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,			2026
			Change From
		2026		2025		2025
Salaries and employee benefits				$	71,047	$	67,457	$	3,590	5.3	%
Net occupancy				10,722		10,786		(64)		(0.6)	%

Advertising, travel & entertainment				3,113		2,781		332		11.9	%
ATM expense				1,087		1,227		(140)		(11.4)	%
Professional fees				4,492		4,372		120		2.7	%
Software and data processing				9,565		8,636		929		10.8	%
Communications				860		1,046		(186)		(17.8)	%
FDIC insurance				2,885		2,822		63		2.2	%
Amortization of intangibles				362		593		(231)		(39.0)	%
Loss on redemption of subordinated notes				791		—		791		100.0	%
Other noninterest expense				13,350		14,160		(810)		(5.7)	%
Total noninterest expense				$	118,274	$	113,880	$	4,394	3.9	%

The increase in noninterest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same periods in 2025, was primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits expense and software and data processing expense. Additional increases for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 include the loss on redemption of subordinated notes and advertising, travel and entertainment, partially offset by a decrease in other noninterest expense.

Salaries and employee benefits expense increased during the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, due to increases in direct salary expense and retirement expense, partially offset by a decrease in health insurance expense. Salaries and employee benefits expense increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, due to increases in direct salary expense, retirement expense and health insurance expense.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, direct salary expense increased $928,000, or 4.8%, and $3.0 million, or 5.2%, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2025, primarily due to normal salary increases effective in the first quarter of 2026 and an increase in stock compensation expense.

Retirement expense, included in salaries and employee benefits, increased $26,000, or 2.8%, and $487,000, or 18.3%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2025. The increase during the nine months ended September 30, 2026, was primarily due to an increase in our split dollar expense related to the execution of a new split dollar agreement with an executive officer.

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Health and life insurance expense, included in salaries and employee benefits, decreased $15,000, or 0.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, and increased $84,000, or 1.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same period in 2025, primarily due to premiums for a new short-term disability policy. We have a self-insured health plan which is supplemented with a stop loss policy.

Advertising, travel and entertainment expense increased for the three months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same period in 2025, due to increases in media advertising, sponsorships and travel related expenses. The increase in advertising, travel and entertainment expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same period in 2025, was due to an increase in media advertising, sponsorships and meals and entertainment expense.

ATM expense decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same periods in 2025. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2026 was primarily due to decreases in ATM maintenance and armored car expense while the decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was due to decreases in armored car expense, and to a lesser extent, ATM repairs, system maintenance and branding fees.

Software and data processing expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same periods in 2025, primarily resulting from an increase in data processing expense due to the transition from in-house core processing to an outsourced solution.

Communications expense decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same period in 2025, resulting from improved network management efficiency.

Amortization of intangibles decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, when compared to the same periods in 2025, due primarily to a decrease in core deposit intangible amortization which is recognized on an accelerated method resulting in a decline in expense over the amortization period.

Loss on redemption of subordinated notes consisted of the remaining unamortized discount of $601,000 and debt issuance costs of $190,000 associated with the notes at the time of redemption on February 15, 2026.

Income Taxes

Pre-tax income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 was $34.3 million and $95.1 million, respectively, an increase of 571.5% and 64.4%, compared to $5.1 million and $57.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. We recorded income tax expense of $6.3 million and $17.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $189,000 and $9.6 million for the same periods in 2025. The ETR as a percentage of pre-tax income was 18.3% and 17.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, compared to an ETR as a percentage of pre-tax income of 3.7% and 16.6% the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The increase in the ETR for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 was due to the impact of the net loss on the sale of AFS securities of $24.4 million recorded during the third quarter of 2025 on our net tax-exempt income as a percentage of pre-tax income.

The ETR differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the effect of tax-exempt income from municipal loans and securities, BOLI and state income tax. The net deferred tax asset totaled $42.0 million at September 30, 2026, compared to $27.1 million at December 31, 2025. The increase in the net deferred tax asset is primarily the result of an increase in the unrealized loss in the AFS securities portfolio.

See “Note 11 – Income Taxes” to our consolidated financial statements included in this report. No valuation allowance was recorded at September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025, as management believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax asset items will be realized in future years.

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Composition of Loans

One of our main objectives is to seek attractive lending opportunities in Texas, primarily in the market areas in which we operate. Refer to “Part I – Item 1. Business – Market Area” in the 2025 Form 10-K for a discussion of our primary market area and the geographic concentration of our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2025. There were no substantial changes in these concentrations during the nine months ended September 30, 2026. The majority of our loan originations are made to borrowers who live in and/or conduct business in the market areas of Texas in which we operate or adjoin, with the exception of municipal loans, which are made primarily throughout the state of Texas. Municipal loans are made to municipalities, counties, school districts and colleges.

The following table sets forth loan totals by class as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands):


							Compared to
							December 31, 2025		September 30, 2025
	September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025		September 30, 2025		Change (%)		Change (%)

Real estate loans:
Construction	$	542,996	$	548,570	$	519,528	(1.0)	%	4.5	%
1-4 family residential	724,897		724,354		730,061		0.1	%	(0.7)	%
Commercial owner-occupied	360,611		319,536		336,278		12.9	%	7.2	%
Commercial real estate	2,416,412		2,393,280		2,352,434		1.0	%	2.7	%
Commercial loans	510,057		444,720		429,952		14.7	%	18.6	%
Municipal loans	367,711		346,720		353,324		6.1	%	4.1	%
Loans to individuals	36,005		40,811		43,712		(11.8)	%	(17.6)	%
Total loans	$	4,958,689	$	4,817,991	$	4,765,289	2.9	%	4.1	%

Our total loan portfolio increased $140.7 million, or 2.9%, compared to December 31, 2025, and increased $193.4 million, or 4.1%, compared to September 30, 2025. From December 31, 2025, increases occurred in all categories except construction and loans to individuals. From September 30, 2025, increases occurred in all categories except loans to individuals and 1-4 family residential.

At September 30, 2026, our real estate loans represented 81.6% of our loan portfolio and were comprised of commercial real estate loans of 59.8%, 1-4 family residential loans of 17.9%, construction loans of 13.4% and commercial owner-occupied of 8.9%. Commercial real estate loans and commercial owner-occupied primarily include loans collateralized by retail, commercial office buildings, multi-family residential buildings, medical facilities and offices, senior living, assisted living and skilled nursing facilities, warehouse facilities, hotels and churches. Our 1-4 family residential loans consist primarily of loans secured by first mortgages on owner occupied 1-4 family residences. Our construction loans are collateralized by property located primarily in or near the market areas we serve.

Nonperforming Assets

Nonperforming assets consist of delinquent loans 90 days or more past due, nonaccrual loans, OREO, repossessed assets and restructured loans. Nonaccrual loans are loans 90 days or more delinquent and collection in full of both the principal and interest is not expected. Additionally, some loans that are not delinquent or that are delinquent less than 90 days may be placed on nonaccrual status if it is probable that we will not receive contractual principal and interest payments in accordance with the terms of the respective loan agreements. When a loan is categorized as nonaccrual, the accrual of interest is discontinued and any accrued balance is reversed for financial statement purposes. OREO represents real estate taken in full or partial satisfaction of debts previously contracted. The dollar amount of OREO is based on a current evaluation of the OREO at the time it is recorded on our books, net of estimated selling costs. Updated valuations are obtained as needed and any additional impairments are recognized. Restructured loans represent loans that have been modified due to the borrower experiencing financial difficulty by providing interest rate reductions or below market interest rates, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. Categorization of a loan as nonperforming is not in itself a reliable indicator of potential loan loss. Other factors, such as the value of collateral securing the loan and the financial condition of the borrower, are considered in judgments as to potential loan loss.

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The following table sets forth nonperforming assets for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


							Compared to
							December 31, 2025		September 30, 2025
	September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025		September 30, 2025		Change (%)		Change (%)







Nonaccrual loans	$	10,304	$	10,486	$	7,955	(1.7)	%	29.5	%
Accruing loans past due more than 90 days	5,155		—		—		100.0	%	100.0	%
Restructured loans	45		27,509		27,501		(99.8)	%	(99.8)	%
OREO	331		248		128		33.5	%	158.6	%
Repossessed assets	—		—		24		—		(100.0)	%
Total nonperforming assets	$	15,835	$	38,243	$	35,608	(58.6)	%	(55.5)	%

Total loans	$	4,958,689	$	4,817,991	$	4,765,289
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	46,858		45,100		45,294


Ratio of nonaccruing loans to:
Total loans	0.21	%	0.22	%	0.17	%
Ratio of nonperforming assets to:
Total assets	0.18	%	0.45	%	0.42	%
Total loans	0.32	%	0.79	%	0.75	%
Total loans and OREO	0.32	%	0.79	%	0.75	%
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to:
Nonaccruing loans	454.76	%	430.10	%	569.38	%
Nonperforming assets	295.91	%	117.93	%	127.20	%
Total loans	0.94	%	0.94	%	0.95	%
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding	—	%	0.06	%	0.06	%

Nonperforming assets hinder our ability to earn interest income. Decreases in earnings can result from both the loss of interest income and the costs associated with maintaining the OREO, for taxes, insurance and other operating expenses. We actively market all OREO properties and do not hold them for investment purposes.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Loans

In accordance with ASC 326, the allowance for credit losses on loans is estimated and recognized upon origination of the loan based on expected credit losses. The CECL model uses historical experience and current conditions for homogeneous pools of loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts about future events. The impact of varying economic conditions and portfolio stress factors are a component of the credit loss models applied to each portfolio. Reserve factors are specific to the loan segments that share similar risk characteristics based on the probability of default assumptions and loss given default assumptions, over the contractual term. The forecasted periods gradually mean-revert the economic inputs to their long-run historical trends. Management evaluates the economic data points used in the Moody’s forecasting scenarios on a quarterly basis to determine the most appropriate impact to the various portfolio characteristics based on management’s view and applies weighting to various forecasting scenarios as deemed appropriate based on known and expected economic activities. Management also considers and may apply relevant qualitative factors, not previously considered, to determine the appropriate allowance level. The use of the CECL model includes significant judgment by management and may differ from those of our peers due to different historical loss patterns, economic forecasts, and the length of time of the reasonable and supportable forecast period and reversion period.

We utilize Moody’s Analytics economic forecast scenarios and assign probability weighting to those scenarios which best reflect management’s views on the economic forecast. The probability weighting and scenarios utilized for the estimate of the allowance were generally reflective of the economic forecast in our CECL model as of September 30, 2026.

When determining the appropriate allowance for credit losses on our loan portfolio, our commercial construction, commercial owner-occupied and commercial real estate loans, commercial loans and municipal loans utilize the probability of default/loss given default discounted cash flow approach. Reserves on these loans are based upon risk factors including the loan type and

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structure, collateral type, leverage ratio, refinancing risk and origination quality, among others. Our consumer construction real estate loans, 1-4 family residential loans and our loans to individuals use a loss rate based upon risk factors including loan types, origination year and credit scores.

Loans evaluated collectively in a pool are monitored to ensure they continue to exhibit similar risk characteristics with other loans in the pool. If a loan does not share similar risk characteristics with other loans, expected credit losses for that loan are evaluated individually.

As of September 30, 2026, our review of the loan portfolio indicated that an allowance for loan losses of $46.9 million was appropriate to cover expected losses in the portfolio. Changes in economic and other conditions, including the application of the CECL model, may require future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the allowance for loan losses increased $1.8 million, or 3.9%, to $46.9 million, or 0.94% of total loans, when compared to $45.1 million, or 0.94% of total loans, at December 31, 2025.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, loan charge-offs were $727,000 and $2.3 million, respectively, and recoveries were $1.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, loan charge-offs were $1.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively, and recoveries were $491,000 and $1.1 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, we recorded a provision for credit losses for loans of $946,000 and $1.9 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded a provision for credit losses for loans of $1.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures

Allowance for off-balance-sheet credit exposures were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025

Balance at beginning of period	$	3,669	$	3,774	$	3,166	$	3,141

Provision for (reversal of) off-balance-sheet credit exposures	(198)		(625)		305		8
Balance at end of period	$	3,471	$	3,149	$	3,471	$	3,149

Our off-balance-sheet credit exposures include contractual commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. For these credit exposures we evaluate the expected credit losses using usage given defaults and credit conversion factors depending on the type of commitment and based upon historical usage rates. These assumptions are reevaluated on an annual basis and adjusted if necessary. For additional information regarding our methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit exposures, see “Note 12 – Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements, Commitments and Contingencies” to our consolidated financial statements included in this report.

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Capital Resources and Liquidity

The Company’s Common Equity Tier 1 capital includes common stock and related paid-in capital, net of treasury stock, and retained earnings. The Bank’s Common Equity Tier 1 capital includes common stock and related paid-in capital and retained earnings. In connection with the adoption of the Basel III Capital Rules, we elected to opt-out of the requirement to include accumulated other comprehensive income in Common Equity Tier 1. Common Equity Tier 1 for both the Company and the Bank is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities.

Tier 1 capital includes Common Equity Tier 1 capital and additional Tier 1 capital. For the Company, additional Tier 1 capital at September 30, 2026 included $58.5 million of trust preferred securities. For bank holding companies that had assets of less than $15 billion as of December 31, 2009, trust preferred securities issued prior to May 19, 2010 can be treated as Tier 1 capital to the extent that they do not exceed 25% of Tier 1 capital after the application of capital deductions and adjustments. The Bank did not have any additional Tier 1 capital beyond Common Equity Tier 1 at September 30, 2026.

Total capital includes Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital for both the Company and the Bank includes a permissible portion of the allowance for credit losses on loans, off-balance sheet exposures and HTM securities. Tier 2 capital for the Company also includes $147.6 million of qualified subordinated debt as of September 30, 2026. The permissible portion of qualified subordinated notes decreases 20% per year during the final five years of the term of the notes.

Management believes that, as of September 30, 2026, we met all capital adequacy requirements to which we were subject. It is management’s intention to maintain our capital at a level acceptable to all regulatory authorities and future dividend payments will be determined accordingly. Regulatory authorities require that any dividend payments made by either the Company or the Bank not exceed earnings for that year. Accordingly, shareholders should not anticipate a continuation of the cash dividend payments simply because of the existence of a dividend reinvestment program. The payment of dividends will depend upon future earnings, our financial condition and other related factors, including the discretion of the Board.

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To be categorized as well capitalized we must maintain minimum Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, Total capital risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following table (dollars in thousands):


	Actual				For Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Actions Provisions
September 30, 2026	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Amount
Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated	$	794,093	13.12	%	$	272,446	4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Bank Only	$	991,527	16.38	%	$	272,427	4.50	%	$	393,505	6.50	%

Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated	$	852,565	14.08	%	$	363,261	6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Bank Only	$	991,527	16.38	%	$	363,236	6.00	%	$	484,314	8.00	%

Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated	$	1,050,546	17.35	%	$	484,348	8.00	%	N/A		N/A
Bank Only	$	1,041,873	17.21	%	$	484,314	8.00	%	$	605,393	10.00	%

Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) (1)
Consolidated	$	852,565	9.96	%	$	342,366	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Bank Only	$	991,527	11.59	%	$	342,275	4.00	%	$	427,843	5.00	%


	Actual				For Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Actions Provisions
December 31, 2025	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio










Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated	$	744,172	12.87	%	$	260,186	4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Bank Only	$	962,990	16.66	%	$	260,102	4.50	%	$	375,703	6.50	%

Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated	$	802,640	13.88	%	$	346,915	6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Bank Only	$	962,990	16.66	%	$	346,803	6.00	%	$	462,403	8.00	%

Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated	$	1,072,160	18.54	%	$	462,553	8.00	%	N/A		N/A
Bank Only	$	1,011,270	17.50	%	$	462,403	8.00	%	$	578,004	10.00	%

Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) (1)
Consolidated	$	802,640	9.72	%	$	330,251	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Bank Only	$	962,990	11.67	%	$	329,998	4.00	%	$	412,498	5.00	%

(1)Refers to quarterly average assets as calculated in accordance with policies established by bank regulatory agencies.

As of September 30, 2026, Southside Bancshares and Southside Bank met all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules that became fully phased-in as of January 1, 2019. Refer to the Supervision and Regulation section in the 2025 Form 10-K for further discussion of our capital requirements.

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The table below summarizes our key equity ratios for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025
Return on average assets	1.27	%	0.23	%
Return on average shareholders’ equity	12.55	%	2.40	%
Dividend payout ratio – Basic	39.36	%	225.00	%
Dividend payout ratio – Diluted	39.78	%	225.00	%
Average shareholders’ equity to average total assets	10.13	%	9.72	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025
Return on average assets	1.20	%	0.77	%
Return on average shareholders’ equity	11.96	%	7.89	%
Dividend payout ratio – Basic	41.60	%	67.92	%
Dividend payout ratio – Diluted	41.76	%	67.92	%
Average shareholders’ equity to average total assets	10.04	%	9.80	%

Management of Liquidity

Liquidity management involves our ability to convert assets to cash with minimum risk of loss while enabling us to meet our current and future obligations to our customers at any time. This means addressing: (1) the immediate cash withdrawal requirements of depositors and other fund providers; (2) the funding requirements of lines and letters of credit; and (3) the short-term credit needs of customers. Liquidity is provided by cash, interest earning deposits and short-term investments that can be readily liquidated with a minimum risk of loss. At September 30, 2026, these investments were 6.8% of total assets, as compared with 8.1% and 8.8% for December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025, respectively. The decrease to 6.8% at September 30, 2026 as compared to December 31, 2025, is largely driven by an increase in total assets and a decrease in the short-term investment portfolio and cash and due from banks. The decrease to 6.8% at September 30, 2026 as compared to September 30, 2025, is largely driven by an increase in total assets and a decrease in the short-term investment portfolio, interest earning deposits and cash and due from banks. Liquidity is further provided through the matching, by time period, of rate sensitive interest earning assets with rate sensitive interest bearing liabilities. The Bank has three unsecured lines of credit for the purchase of overnight federal funds at prevailing rates with Frost Bank, Amegy Bank and TIB – The Independent Bankers Bank for $40.0 million, $25.0 million and $15.0 million, respectively. There were no federal funds purchased at September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025. To provide more liquidity in response to economic conditions in recent years, the Federal Reserve has encouraged broader use of the discount window. At September 30, 2026, the amount of additional funding the Bank could obtain from the FRDW, collateralized by securities, was approximately $12.9 million. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had $835.0 million and $110.0 million, respectively, in borrowings from the FRDW. At September 30, 2026, the amount of additional funding Southside Bank could obtain from FHLB, collateralized by FHLB stock, nonspecified loans and/or securities, was approximately $1.77 billion, net of FHLB stock purchases required. The Bank has a $5.0 million line of credit with Frost Bank to be used to issue letters of credit, and at September 30, 2026, the line had one outstanding letter of credit for $155,000. The Bank currently has four outstanding letters of credit from FHLB held as collateral for loans totaling $19.3 million.

Interest rate sensitivity management seeks to avoid fluctuating net interest margins and to enhance consistent growth of net interest income through periods of changing interest rates. The ALCO closely monitors various liquidity ratios and interest rate spreads and margins. The ALCO utilizes a simulation model to perform interest rate simulation tests that apply various interest rate scenarios including immediate shocks and MVPE to assist in determining our overall interest rate risk and the adequacy of our liquidity position. In addition, the ALCO utilizes this simulation model to determine the impact on net interest income of various interest rate scenarios. By utilizing this methodology, we can determine potential changes to make to the asset and liability mix to minimize the change in net interest income under these various interest rate scenarios.

Management continually evaluates our liquidity position and currently believes the Company has adequate funding to meet our financial needs.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See “Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies” in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The disclosures set forth in this item are qualified by the section captioned “Forward-Looking Statements” included in “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this report and other cautionary statements set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Refer to the discussion of market risks included in “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in the 2025 Form 10-K.

In the banking industry, a major risk exposure is changing interest rates. The primary objective of monitoring our interest rate sensitivity, or risk, is to provide management the tools necessary to manage the balance sheet to minimize adverse changes in net interest income as a result of changes in the direction and level of interest rates. Federal Reserve monetary control efforts, the effects of deregulation, inflation, tariffs, economic uncertainty and legislative changes have been significant factors affecting the task of managing interest rate sensitivity positions in recent years.

In an attempt to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates, management closely monitors our exposure to interest rate risk through our ALCO. Our ALCO meets regularly and reviews our interest rate risk position and makes recommendations to our Board for adjustments to this position. In addition, our Board regularly reviews our asset/liability position. We primarily use two methods for measuring and analyzing interest rate risk: net income simulation analysis and MVPE modeling. We utilize the net income simulation model as the primary quantitative tool in measuring the amount of interest rate risk associated with changing market rates. This model quantifies the effects of various interest rate scenarios on projected net interest income and net income over the next 12 months. The model is used to measure the impact on net interest income relative to a base case scenario of rates immediately increasing 100 and 200 basis points or decreasing 50, 100 and 200 basis points over the next 12 months. These simulations incorporate assumptions regarding balance sheet growth and mix, pricing and the repricing and maturity characteristics of the existing and projected balance sheet. The impact of interest rate-related risks such as prepayment, basis and option risk are also considered. The model has interest rate floors and no interest rates are assumed to fall below zero. We continue to monitor interest rates and anticipate rate changes during the remainder of 2026.

The following table reflects the noted increases and decreases in interest rates under the model simulations and the anticipated impact on net interest income relative to the base case over the next 12 months for the periods presented.


	Anticipated impact over the next 12 months
	September 30,
Rate projections:	2026		2025
Increase:
100 basis points	1.00	%	2.72	%
200 basis points	2.26	%	5.16	%

Decrease:
50 basis points	(1.00)	%	(0.98)	%
100 basis points	(2.23)	%	(1.71)	%
200 basis points	(4.01)	%	(3.00)	%

As part of the overall assumptions, certain assets and liabilities are given reasonable floors. This type of simulation analysis requires numerous assumptions including but not limited to changes in balance sheet mix, prepayment rates on mortgage-related assets and fixed rate loans, cash flows and repricing of all financial instruments, changes in volumes and pricing, future shapes of the yield curve, relationship of market interest rates to each other (basis risk), credit spread and deposit sensitivity. Assumptions are based on management’s best estimates but may not accurately reflect actual results under certain changes in interest rates.

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higher energy and gas prices, and interest rate fluctuations could have a negative impact on both our consumer and commercial borrowers in the future.

The ALCO monitors various liquidity ratios to ensure a satisfactory liquidity position. Management continually evaluates the condition of the economy, the pattern of market interest rates and other economic data to determine the types of investments that should be made and at what maturities. Using this analysis, management from time to time assumes calculated interest sensitivity gap positions to maximize net interest income based upon anticipated movements in the general level of interest rates. Regulatory authorities also monitor our gap position along with other liquidity ratios. In addition, as described above, we utilize a simulation model to determine the impact of net interest income under several different interest rate scenarios. By utilizing this model, we can determine changes that could be made to the asset and liability mix to mitigate the change in net interest income under these various interest rate scenarios.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), undertook an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report, and, based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report, in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting in a timely manner the information that the Company is required to disclose in its reports under the Exchange Act and in accumulating and communicating to the Company’s management, including the Company’s CEO and CFO, such information as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

No changes were made to our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2026 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are a party to various litigation in the normal course of business. Management, after consulting with our legal counsel, believes that any liability resulting from litigation will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2025 Form 10-K.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On July 20, 2023, our board of directors approved a Stock Repurchase Plan authorizing the repurchase of up to 1.0 million shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock. On October 16, 2025, the Board of the Company increased its authorization under the Plan by 1.0 million shares, for a total authorization to repurchase up to 2.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time.

Repurchases under the Plan may be carried out in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or pursuant to any trading plan that might be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, as amended. The Company has no obligation to repurchase any shares under the Plan and may modify, suspend or discontinue the plan at any time.

The following table provides information with respect to purchases of our common stock made by or on behalf of any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act), during the three months ended September 30, 2026:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan	Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Stock Repurchase Plan at the End of the Period
July 1, 2026 - July 31, 2026	—	$	—	—	762,135
August 1, 2026 - August 31, 2026	—	—		—	762,135
September 1, 2026 - September 30, 2026	—	—		—	762,135
Total	—	$	—	—

Subsequent to September 30, 2026 and through October 26, 2026, we purchased 36,474 shares at an average price of $30.00 pursuant to the Plan.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Pursuant to Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K, none of our directors or executive officers adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the three months ended September 30, 2026.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Index

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit Number

Exhibit Description

Filed Herewith

Exhibit

Form

Filing Date

File No.

(3)

Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws

3.1

Restated Certificate of Formation of Southside Bancshares, Inc.

3.1

8-K

05/14/2018

0-12247

3.2

First Amendment to Restated Certificate of Formation of Southside Bancshares, Inc.

3.1

8-K

05/20/2026

001-42396

3.3

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Southside Bancshares, Inc., as amended

3.2

10-Q

04/30/2025

001-42396

(31)

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

(32)

Section 1350 Certification

†32

Certification of Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer

(101)

Interactive Date File

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

† The certification attached as Exhibit 32 accompanies this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is “furnished” to the Commission pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed “filed” by us for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		SOUTHSIDE BANCSHARES, INC.

DATE:	October 29, 2026	BY:	/s/ Keith Donahoe
			Keith Donahoe
			President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)




DATE:	October 29, 2026	BY:	/s/ Julie N. Shamburger
			Julie N. Shamburger, CPA
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial Officer)