Note 1 - Organization and Principal Business

TMD Energy Limited (“TMDEL”) was incorporated on October 17, 2023 in the Cayman Islands. TMDEL is a holding company without any operations.

TMDEL consummated its initial public offering on the NYSE American on April 22, 2025, issuing 3,100,000 Class A ordinary shares at a price of $3.25 per share. In addition, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with the underwriter on April 21, 2025, which granted the underwriter a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 465,000 Class A ordinary shares at the public offering price of $3.25 per share to cover any over-allotment. Subsequently, on April 22, 2025, the underwriter exercised the over-allotment option in full, purchasing an additional 465,000 Class A ordinary shares at the public offering price of $3.25 per share. The initial public offering closed on April 22, 2025 and the exercise of the over-allotment option closed on April 24, 2025, with gross proceeds totaling $11,586,250, before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. The Class A ordinary shares began trading on the NYSE American on April 21, 2025 under the ticker symbol “TMDE”.

On May 16, 2025, the Company changed its fiscal year end from December 31 to June 30, to align with the fiscal year end of its holding company, Straits Energy Resources Berhad (“Straits”). Accordingly, the Company filed a Transition Report on Form 20-F for the six-month transition period from January 1, 2025 to June 30, 2025 on September 29, 2025, which was subsequently amended by a Form 20-F/A filed on May 15, 2026. The Company’s fiscal year thereafter ends on June 30.

Business Reorganization

The reorganization of the legal entity structure was initiated with the acquisition of TMDEL by Straits, which was completed on November 21, 2023. Prior to this reorganization, Straits was the shareholder with direct or indirect control over all related entities involved in this reorganization.

The above transactions were treated as a reorganization of entities under common control, and the consolidated financial statements give retroactive effect to these transactions.

On May 31, 2024, SMF acquired the remaining 49% ownership interest of SMS 1 and its wholly-owned subsidiary from the non-controlling interest shareholder by issuing 1,188,543 Class A ordinary shares of TMDEL on May 31, 2024. The non-controlling interest is adjusted in the financial statements prospectively.

On May 31, 2024, SMF acquired the remaining 30% ownership interest of Tumpuan Megah and its six subsidiaries from non-controlling interest shareholders by issuing 3,474,934 Class A ordinary shares of TMDEL on May 31, 2024. The non-controlling interest is adjusted in the financial statements prospectively.

On July 1, 2024, the Company reorganized its legal entity structure, whereby SMF acquired 100% equity interest in all wholly owned subsidiaries of Tumpuan Megah. All related entities have effectively become subsidiaries of SMF, with TMDEL effectively holding ownership and control of SMF and its subsidiaries.

The reorganization transaction is treated as a combination between entities under common control in accordance with ASC 805-50. These entities are considered under common control because they share the same ultimate parent entity, which holds a “controlling financial interest”, as defined by ASC 810, in both entities before and after the reorganization. The historical financial statements of each of the entities are the historical financial statements of the combined entity, with no adjustments made to the entities’ historical revenue, expenses, assets, or liabilities; the components of historical total equity are adjusted to reflect the capital structure of TMDEL in accordance with ASC 805-40-45-3 through 45-5.

TMD Energy Limited

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Year Ended June 30, 2026, the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and

the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Note 1 - Organization and Principal Business (Continued)

On January 3, 2024, Tumpuan Megah acquired a 30% equity interest in TMD Marine Fuels Sdn. Bhd. (“TMDF”) through the purchase of 300 ordinary shares for RM300. On February 23, 2024, Tumpuan Megah acquired an additional 149,700 ordinary shares in TMDF for RM149,700, maintaining its equity interest at 30%. The total cash consideration for these transactions amounted to RM150,000.

In contrast to the reorganization, TMDF is consolidated under ASC 810 due to TMDEL’s ability to exert control over its financial and operational policies, despite holding only a 30% equity interest.

TMDEL and its subsidiaries operate as a comprehensive provider of marine fuel logistics and offer related services, including vessel chartering services and vessel management services, within the maritime industry.

TMDEL and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company” unless specific reference is made to an entity.

TMDEL and its subsidiaries as of June 30, 2026 are as follows:

 Schedule of Subsidiaries

TMD Energy Limited

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Year Ended June 30, 2026, the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and

the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Note 1 - Organization and Principal Business (Continued)

The effective organizational flow chart of TMDEL and its subsidiaries as of June 30, 2026 is as follows:

TMD Energy Limited

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Year Ended June 30, 2026, the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and

the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023