mkl-20260930

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

___________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

______________________________________________________________________________________

☒ Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2026

☐ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 001-15811

_________________________________________

MARKEL GROUP INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

___________________________________________________________________________________


Virginia						54-1959284
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4521 Highwoods Parkway, Glen Allen, Virginia 23060-6148

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(804) 747-0136

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of exchange on which registered

Common Stock, no par value

MKL

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

Number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding at October 21, 2026: 12,229,365

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Markel Group Inc.

Form 10-Q

Index


		Page Number
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Consolidated Balance Sheets—September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025	3

	Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss)—Quarters and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026 and 2025	4

	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity—Quarters and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026 and 2025	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026 and 2025	7

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	51

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	52

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	52

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	54

Item 5.	Other Information	54

Item 6.	Exhibits	55

Signatures		57

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARKEL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Investments, at estimated fair value:
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale (amortized cost of $18,182,889 in 2026 and $17,895,918 in 2025)	$	17,295,062	$	17,797,986
Equity securities (cost of $4,131,183 in 2026 and $4,094,745 in 2025)	13,110,683		13,004,312
Short-term investments, available-for-sale (estimated fair value approximates cost)	2,769,092		2,033,662
Total Investments	33,174,837		32,835,960
Cash and cash equivalents	3,601,544		3,964,705
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	594,139		638,597
Receivables	4,093,338		3,964,598
Reinsurance recoverables	17,300,376		14,616,279
Deferred policy acquisition costs	809,395		909,516
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	3,447,323		3,073,999
Goodwill	2,835,373		2,822,091
Intangible assets	1,425,582		1,543,002
Other assets	4,794,949		4,536,303
Total Assets	$	72,076,856	$	68,905,050
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	33,859,927	$	30,857,453
Unearned premiums	7,425,623		7,253,079
Payables to insurance and reinsurance companies	1,750,758		1,667,871
Senior long-term debt and other debt (estimated fair value of $3,632,000 in 2026 and $3,856,000 in 2025)	4,359,807		4,303,811
Other liabilities	5,668,659		5,720,647
Total Liabilities	53,064,774		49,802,861
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	506,411		506,064
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock	3,722,700		3,672,381
Retained earnings	15,505,312		15,034,835
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(720,704)		(109,460)
Total Shareholders' Equity	18,507,308		18,597,756
Noncontrolling interests	(1,637)		(1,631)
Total Equity	18,505,671		18,596,125
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	72,076,856	$	68,905,050

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MARKEL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
OPERATING REVENUES
Earned premiums	$	2,275,508	$	2,205,773	$	6,396,172	$	6,436,838
Net investment income	258,115		245,675		770,128		712,779
Products revenues	666,749		607,493		2,098,635		2,015,542
Services and other revenues	957,831		875,608		2,462,310		2,340,109
Total Operating Revenues	4,158,203		3,934,549		11,727,245		11,505,268

Net investment gains (losses)	(280,909)		432,886		159,054		864,038

OPERATING EXPENSES
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	1,275,605		1,253,826		3,629,573		3,796,525
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses	798,179		782,501		2,273,818		2,304,150
Products expenses	603,322		555,493		1,844,210		1,762,782
Services and other expenses	773,700		721,712		2,338,380		1,963,927
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	43,256		44,061		130,070		142,216

Total Operating Expenses	3,494,062		3,357,593		10,216,051		9,969,600
Operating Income	383,232		1,009,842		1,670,248		2,399,706
Interest expense	(50,864)		(50,678)		(154,140)		(155,894)
Net foreign exchange gains (losses)	14,386		19,279		79,041		(245,263)

Income Before Income Taxes	346,754		978,443		1,595,149		1,998,549
Income tax expense	(76,617)		(214,656)		(343,904)		(428,230)
Net Income	270,137		763,787		1,251,245		1,570,319
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(10,882)		(12,451)		(35,440)		(40,121)
Net Income to Shareholders	259,255		751,336		1,215,805		1,530,198
Preferred stock dividends and redemption premiums	—		—		—		(26,109)
Net Income to Common Shareholders	$	259,255	$	751,336	$	1,215,805	$	1,504,089

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments, net of taxes	$	(433,579)	$	47,278	$	(627,112)	$	468,167
Other, net of taxes	17,990		(5,537)		15,922		9,907
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(415,589)		41,741		(611,190)		478,074
Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(145,452)		805,528		640,055		2,048,393
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(10,882)		(12,402)		(35,494)		(40,086)
Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Shareholders	$	(156,334)	$	793,126	$	604,561	$	2,008,307

NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
Basic	$	18.21	$	59.44	$	92.21	$	120.92
Diluted	$	18.15	$	59.25	$	91.90	$	120.60

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MARKEL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Unaudited)


Quarter Ended September 30, 2026	Common Stock		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2026	$	3,716,892	$	15,593,743	$	(305,115)	$	19,005,520	$	(1,086)	$	19,004,434	$	467,023
Net income			259,255		—		259,255		—		259,255		10,882
Other comprehensive loss			—		(415,589)		(415,589)		—		(415,589)		—
Comprehensive income (loss)							(156,334)		—		(156,334)		10,882
Repurchase of common stock	—		(314,663)		—		(314,663)		—		(314,663)		—
Equity awards expensed	5,908		—		—		5,908		—		5,908		—
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		(33,347)		—		(33,347)		—		(33,347)		33,347


Other	(100)		324		—		224		(551)		(327)		(4,841)
September 30, 2026	$	3,722,700	$	15,505,312	$	(720,704)	$	18,507,308	$	(1,637)	$	18,505,671	$	506,411


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026	Common Stock		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2025	$	3,672,381	$	15,034,835	$	(109,460)	$	18,597,756	$	(1,631)	$	18,596,125	$	506,064
Net income			1,215,805		—		1,215,805		—		1,215,805		35,440
Other comprehensive income (loss)			—		(611,244)		(611,244)		—		(611,244)		54
Comprehensive income							604,561		—		604,561		35,494

Repurchase of common stock	—		(685,316)		—		(685,316)		—		(685,316)		—
Equity awards expensed	52,604		—		—		52,604		—		52,604		—
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		(65,926)		—		(65,926)		—		(65,926)		65,926
Purchase of noncontrolling interests	—		5,278		—		5,278		—		5,278		(73,753)



Other	(2,285)		636		—		(1,649)		(6)		(1,655)		(27,320)
September 30, 2026	$	3,722,700	$	15,505,312	$	(720,704)	$	18,507,308	$	(1,637)	$	18,505,671	$	506,411

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MARKEL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Unaudited)


Quarter Ended September 30, 2025	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025	$	—	$	3,659,041	$	13,839,880	$	(180,763)	$	17,318,158	$	18,626	$	17,336,784	$	531,339
Net income (loss)					751,336		—		751,336		(17)		751,319		12,468
Other comprehensive income (loss)					—		41,790		41,790		—		41,790		(49)
Comprehensive income (loss)									793,126		(17)		793,109		12,419

Repurchase of common stock	—		—		(74,393)		—		(74,393)		—		(74,393)		—


Equity awards expensed	—		8,331		—		—		8,331		—		8,331		—
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		—		(4,653)		—		(4,653)		—		(4,653)		4,653


Other	—		(426)		569		—		143		—		143		(12,366)
September 30, 2025	$	—	$	3,666,946	$	14,512,739	$	(138,973)	$	18,040,712	$	18,609	$	18,059,321	$	536,045


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2024	$	591,891	$	3,560,633	$	13,380,456	$	(617,082)	$	16,915,898	$	13,041	$	16,928,939	$	540,034
Net income					1,530,198		—		1,530,198		5,563		1,535,761		34,558
Other comprehensive income (loss)					—		478,109		478,109		—		478,109		(35)
Comprehensive income									2,008,307		5,563		2,013,870		34,523

Repurchase of common stock	—		—		(344,014)		—		(344,014)		—		(344,014)		—
Preferred stock dividends	—		—		(18,000)		—		(18,000)		—		(18,000)		—
Redemption of preferred stock	(591,891)		—		(8,109)		—		(600,000)		—		(600,000)		—
Equity awards expensed	—		49,865		—		—		49,865		—		49,865		—
Acquisition of Educational Partners International	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		81,201
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		56,883		(34,275)		—		22,608		—		22,608		(22,608)
Purchase of noncontrolling interests	—		—		7,381		—		7,381		—		7,381		(61,777)

Other	—		(435)		(898)		—		(1,333)		5		(1,328)		(35,328)
September 30, 2025	$	—	$	3,666,946	$	14,512,739	$	(138,973)	$	18,040,712	$	18,609	$	18,059,321	$	536,045

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MARKEL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025
(dollars in thousands)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	1,251,245	$	1,570,319
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities	139,553		528,744
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities	1,390,798		2,099,063
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from sales, maturities, calls, and prepayments of fixed maturity securities	2,044,897		1,825,995
Cost of fixed maturity securities purchased	(2,255,599)		(2,703,340)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	352,709		163,759
Cost of equity securities purchased	(298,615)		(290,362)
Net change in short-term investments	(690,176)		473,110


Additions to property and equipment	(188,129)		(143,774)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(33,840)		(60,003)
Other	33,853		98,708
Net Cash Used By Investing Activities	(1,034,900)		(635,907)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Additions to senior long-term debt and other debt	1,021,170		712,075
Repayment of senior long-term debt and other debt	(964,996)		(761,385)
Repurchases of common stock	(685,316)		(344,014)
Dividends paid on preferred stock	—		(18,000)
Redemption of preferred stock	—		(600,000)
Purchase of noncontrolling interests	(73,753)		(61,777)
Other	(46,185)		(25,476)
Net Cash Used By Financing Activities	(749,080)		(1,098,577)
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents	(14,437)		60,076
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents	(407,619)		424,655
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period	4,603,302		4,192,248
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH, AND RESTRICTED CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD	$	4,195,683	$	4,616,903

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MARKEL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Markel Group Inc. (Markel Group) is a holding company comprised of a diverse group of businesses and investments with specialty insurance at its core. See note 2 for details regarding reportable segments.

a) Basis of Presentation. The consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2026 and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income (loss) and changes in equity for the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for fair presentation of such consolidated financial statements have been included. Such adjustments consist only of normal, recurring items. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for the entire year. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 was derived from Markel Group's audited annual consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and include the accounts of Markel Group and its consolidated subsidiaries, as well as variable interest entities that meet the requirements for consolidation (the Company). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company consolidates the results of its non-insurance operating businesses on a one-month lag, with the exception of significant transactions or events that occur during the intervening period. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements and notes are presented as permitted by Form 10-Q and do not contain certain information included in the Company's annual consolidated financial statements and notes. For a more complete description of the Company's business and accounting policies, readers are urged to review the Company's 2025 Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

b) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. The standard requires disclosure of certain prescribed costs and expenses within the notes to consolidated financial statements. ASU No. 2024-03 becomes effective for the Company's 2027 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The standard only impacts required disclosures and will not impact the Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company will adopt the standard prospectively and is currently evaluating the impact of ASU No. 2024-03 on its disclosures.

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2. Segment Reporting Disclosures

The Company has four reportable segments: Markel Insurance, Industrial, Financial, and Consumer and Other.

The Markel Insurance segment is the Company's core specialty insurance business, which is comprised of underwriting and other insurance-related activities. The Markel Insurance segment aligns with the business's network of insurance subsidiaries under the common leadership of the Markel Insurance chief executive officer. In August 2025, Markel Insurance sold the renewal rights for business written in its Global Reinsurance division, and the division entered into run-off. The Global Reinsurance division's gross premium volume in 2025 was $1.0 billion. As many of the contracts previously written within this division are multi-year agreements, the Company expects premiums to continue earning over the next two years and loss reserves are expected to take several additional years to run off. See note 11 for recent developments related to the run off of the Global Reinsurance division.

The Industrial segment consists of businesses that operate in the industrial sector. These businesses distribute building products, provide fire protection and life safety solutions, and manufacture a variety of products, including precast concrete, car hauler equipment, industrial bakery equipment, flooring for dry van trailers, dredges, and wall systems. Other businesses in the Industrial segment provide equipment rental services and erosion control and stormwater management services.

The Financial segment consists of businesses that operate in the insurance services and investment management industries, as well as certain insurance-linked securities investment management businesses that are in run-off.

The Consumer and Other segment consists of businesses that operate in the consumer sector, as well as a variety of other sectors, including information technology, real estate, and healthcare. These businesses produce ornamental houseplants, build homes, design leather handbags, and own and operate manufactured housing communities. Other businesses in the Consumer and Other segment provide information technology consulting services, retail intelligence, concierge primary healthcare, and sponsorship of international teachers.

The Company's corporate operations, which are not an operating or reportable segment, are comprised of holding company activities, which include capital allocation, leadership support, and performing the responsibilities consistent with sound governance and required of a public company. The Company's corporate operations include activities at Markel Group Inc. and investments and loans to and from its operating businesses, which are held by other corporate subsidiaries. Historically, corporate expenses were fully allocated to the Company's segment results; however, beginning in the third quarter of 2025, the Company discontinued allocating corporate expenses that are not integral to operating its underlying businesses.

Intersegment transactions primarily consist of loans from Markel Insurance to a corporate subsidiary to fund certain non-insurance acquisitions and from a corporate subsidiary to certain non-insurance businesses to fund strategic growth investments and projects. The Company's chief operating decision maker considers these loans, and the related interest income, to be similar to invested assets held by the respective segment. Interest income on these intercompany loans is included in the respective segment's profit and is eliminated in consolidation.

Segment profit for all of the Company's segments is measured by adjusted operating income, which does not include net investment gains, amortization of acquired intangible assets, or impairment of goodwill. Net investment gains and losses, which are primarily comprised of unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, are evaluated separately by the chief operating decision maker when assessing periodic segment financial performance due to the inherent volatility of these gains and losses, which can temporarily obscure the underlying segment performance. The chief operating decision maker believes such amounts are more meaningful when evaluated over longer periods of time. Amortization of acquired intangible assets and impairment of goodwill, which arise from purchase accounting for acquisitions, are not considered a cost of operating the underlying businesses.

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a) The following tables summarize the Company's segment disclosures. The Company's chief operating decision maker reviews net investment gains and losses by segment separately from the Company's segment profit.


	Quarter Ended September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate and eliminations		Consolidated
Earned premiums	$	2,190,244	$	—	$	85,264	$	—	$	—	$	2,275,508
Net investment income	233,569		—		10,803		—		13,743		258,115
Products revenues	—		486,465		—		180,284		—		666,749
Services and other revenues	20,095		695,137		85,965		116,025		40,609		957,831
Total operating revenues	2,443,908		1,181,602		182,032		296,309		54,352		4,158,203
Losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Current accident year - attritional	(1,273,767)		—		(42,803)		—		—		(1,316,570)
Current accident year - catastrophe (1)	(74,555)		—		—		—		—		(74,555)
Prior accident years	113,574		—		1,946		—		—		115,520
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses:
Amortization of policy acquisition costs	(451,716)		—		(4,647)		—		—		(456,363)
Other underwriting expenses	(325,526)		—		(16,290)		—		—		(341,816)
Products expenses	—		(424,546)		—		(178,776)		—		(603,322)
Services and other expenses	(11,021)		(625,914)		(40,164)		(86,312)		(10,289)		(773,700)
Adjusted operating income	$	420,897	$	131,142	$	80,074	$	31,221	$	44,063	$	707,397
Net investment losses											(280,909)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets											(43,256)

Interest expense											(50,864)
Net foreign exchange gains											14,386

Income before income taxes											$	346,754

(1) Catastrophe current accident year losses and loss adjustment expenses were related to the Middle East conflict.


	Quarter Ended September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate		Consolidated
Net investment losses	$	(215,268)	$	—	$	(10,118)	$	—	$	(55,523)	$	(280,909)

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	Quarter Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate and eliminations		Consolidated
Earned premiums	$	2,127,648	$	—	$	78,125	$	—	$	—	$	2,205,773
Net investment income	223,409		—		10,020		—		12,246		245,675
Products revenues	—		425,714		—		181,779		—		607,493
Services and other revenues	47,349		624,247		73,356		109,635		21,021		875,608
Total operating revenues	2,398,406		1,049,961		161,501		291,414		33,267		3,934,549
Losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Current accident year - attritional	(1,346,411)		—		(43,364)		—		—		(1,389,775)
Current accident year - catastrophe	4,315		—		—		—		—		4,315
Prior accident years	129,100		—		2,534		—		—		131,634
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses:
Amortization of policy acquisition costs	(440,568)		—		(5,489)		—		—		(446,057)
Other underwriting expenses	(318,605)		—		(17,839)		—		—		(336,444)
Products expenses	—		(365,957)		—		(189,536)		—		(555,493)
Services and other expenses	2,238		(582,702)		(35,936)		(84,506)		(20,806)		(721,712)
Adjusted operating income	$	428,475	$	101,302	$	61,407	$	17,372	$	12,461	$	621,017
Net investment gains											432,886
Amortization of acquired intangible assets											(44,061)

Interest expense											(50,678)
Net foreign exchange gains											19,279

Income before income taxes											$	978,443


	Quarter Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate		Consolidated
Net investment gains	$	389,438	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	43,448	$	432,886

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate and eliminations		Consolidated
Earned premiums	$	6,151,944	$	—	$	244,228	$	—	$	—	$	6,396,172
Net investment income	694,411		—		29,404		—		46,313		770,128
Products revenues	—		1,306,085		—		792,550		—		2,098,635
Services and other revenues	33,152		1,796,643		241,278		336,230		55,007		2,462,310
Total operating revenues	6,879,507		3,102,728		514,910		1,128,780		101,320		11,727,245
Losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Current accident year - attritional	(3,723,371)		—		(141,577)		—		—		(3,864,948)
Current accident year - catastrophe (1)	(150,566)		—		—		—		—		(150,566)
Prior accident years	387,073		—		(1,132)		—		—		385,941
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses:
Amortization of policy acquisition costs	(1,272,787)		—		(17,082)		—		—		(1,289,869)
Other underwriting expenses	(929,671)		—		(54,278)		—		—		(983,949)
Products expenses	—		(1,165,677)		—		(678,533)		—		(1,844,210)
Services and other expenses	(23,308)		(1,681,189)		(333,502)		(257,125)		(43,256)		(2,338,380)
Adjusted operating income (loss)	$	1,166,877	$	255,862	$	(32,661)	$	193,122	$	58,064	$	1,641,264
Net investment gains											159,054
Amortization of acquired intangible assets											(130,070)

Interest expense											(154,140)
Net foreign exchange gains											79,041

Income before income taxes											$	1,595,149

(1) Catastrophe current accident year losses and loss adjustment expenses were related to the Middle East conflict.


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate		Consolidated
Net investment gains (losses)	$	261,102	$	—	$	(9,749)	$	—	$	(92,299)	$	159,054

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate and eliminations		Consolidated
Earned premiums	$	6,207,809	$	—	$	229,029	$	—	$	—	$	6,436,838
Net investment income	638,654		—		28,578		—		45,547		712,779
Products revenues	—		1,219,532		—		796,010		—		2,015,542
Services and other revenues	58,252		1,675,718		255,227		312,416		38,496		2,340,109
Total operating revenues	6,904,715		2,895,250		512,834		1,108,426		84,043		11,505,268
Losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Current accident year - attritional	(3,977,735)		—		(122,701)		—		—		(4,100,436)
Current accident year - catastrophe	(56,562)		—		—		—		—		(56,562)
Prior accident years	356,871		—		3,602		—		—		360,473
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses:
Amortization of policy acquisition costs	(1,280,953)		—		(17,491)		—		—		(1,298,444)
Other underwriting expenses	(950,589)		—		(55,117)		—		—		(1,005,706)
Products expenses	—		(1,058,275)		—		(704,507)		—		(1,762,782)
Services and other expenses	(15,402)		(1,573,396)		(101,687)		(252,636)		(20,806)		(1,963,927)
Adjusted operating income	$	980,345	$	263,579	$	219,440	$	151,283	$	63,237	$	1,677,884
Net investment gains											864,038
Amortization of acquired intangible assets											(142,216)

Interest expense											(155,894)
Net foreign exchange losses											(245,263)

Income before income taxes											$	1,998,549


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate		Consolidated
Net investment gains	$	745,816	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	118,222	$	864,038

b) The chief operating decision maker also reviews capital expenditures attributable to the Industrial and Consumer and Other segments.


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Industrial	$	67,870	$	24,267	$	114,884	$	58,136
Consumer and Other	$	13,843	$	14,848	$	39,932	$	41,471

c) The following table reconciles segment assets to the Company's consolidated balance sheets.


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025
Segment assets:
Markel Insurance	$	45,424,421	$	44,314,601
Industrial	4,191,123		3,965,449
Financial	17,139,760		14,444,426
Consumer and Other	1,768,921		1,783,183
Total segment assets	68,524,225		64,507,659
Corporate and eliminations	3,552,631		4,397,391
Total assets	$	72,076,856	$	68,905,050

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3. Investments

a) The following tables summarize the Company's available-for-sale investments. Agency mortgage-backed securities include securities issued by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and U.S. government agencies. The net unrealized holding gains (losses) in the tables below are presented before taxes.


	September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Holding Gains		Gross Unrealized Holding Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	5,950,970	$	288	$	(158,604)	$	5,792,654
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	1,704,119		793		(122,563)		1,582,349
Obligations of states, municipalities, and political subdivisions	3,619,917		572		(244,861)		3,375,628
Foreign governments, agencies, and supranationals	3,542,488		25,387		(190,045)		3,377,830
Agency mortgage-backed securities	3,116,267		95		(166,613)		2,949,749
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities	44,236		—		(974)		43,262
Corporate and university bonds	204,892		39		(31,341)		173,590
Total fixed maturity securities	18,182,889		27,174		(915,001)		17,295,062
Short-term investments	2,771,422		2,791		(5,121)		2,769,092
Investments, available-for-sale	$	20,954,311	$	29,965	$	(920,122)	$	20,064,154


	December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Holding Gains		Gross Unrealized Holding Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	5,877,779	$	63,769	$	(13,641)	$	5,927,907
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	1,678,599		19,378		(57,743)		1,640,234
Obligations of states, municipalities, and political subdivisions	3,743,154		34,871		(105,557)		3,672,468
Foreign governments, agencies, and supranationals	3,359,014		89,595		(73,694)		3,374,915
Agency mortgage-backed securities	2,935,758		24,903		(59,541)		2,901,120
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities	66,296		—		(538)		65,758
Corporate and university bonds	235,318		368		(20,102)		215,584
Total fixed maturity securities	17,895,918		232,884		(330,816)		17,797,986
Short-term investments	2,029,650		4,632		(620)		2,033,662
Investments, available-for-sale	$	19,925,568	$	237,516	$	(331,436)	$	19,831,648

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b) The following tables summarize gross unrealized investment losses on available-for-sale investments by the length of time that securities have continuously been in an unrealized loss position.


	September 30, 2026
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Holding Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Holding Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Holding Losses
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	4,389,125	$	(113,882)	$	986,030	$	(44,722)	$	5,375,155	$	(158,604)
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	789,093		(32,862)		722,508		(89,701)		1,511,601		(122,563)
Obligations of states, municipalities, and political subdivisions	1,754,504		(83,762)		1,455,084		(161,099)		3,209,588		(244,861)
Foreign governments, agencies, and supranationals	1,491,510		(68,271)		1,038,467		(121,774)		2,529,977		(190,045)
Agency mortgage-backed securities	1,662,303		(78,033)		1,230,123		(88,580)		2,892,426		(166,613)
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities	5,760		(102)		37,502		(872)		43,262		(974)
Corporate and university bonds	6,626		(272)		164,275		(31,069)		170,901		(31,341)
Total fixed maturity securities	10,098,921		(377,184)		5,633,989		(537,817)		15,732,910		(915,001)
Short-term investments	2,537,436		(5,121)		—		—		2,537,436		(5,121)
Total	$	12,636,357	$	(382,305)	$	5,633,989	$	(537,817)	$	18,270,346	$	(920,122)

At September 30, 2026, the Company held 1,663 available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position with a total estimated fair value of $18.3 billion and gross unrealized losses of $920.1 million. Of these 1,663 securities, 716 securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for one year or longer and had a total estimated fair value of $5.6 billion and gross unrealized losses of $537.8 million.


	December 31, 2025
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Holding Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Holding Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Holding Losses
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	197,135	$	(470)	$	1,275,453	$	(13,171)	$	1,472,588	$	(13,641)
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	108,490		(112)		802,349		(57,631)		910,839		(57,743)
Obligations of states, municipalities, and political subdivisions	184,124		(970)		1,871,154		(104,587)		2,055,278		(105,557)
Foreign governments, agencies, and supranationals	214,787		(1,008)		1,181,298		(72,686)		1,396,085		(73,694)
Agency mortgage-backed securities	156,553		(701)		1,446,048		(58,840)		1,602,601		(59,541)
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities	5,889		(6)		59,869		(532)		65,758		(538)
Corporate and university bonds	20,488		(174)		180,290		(19,928)		200,778		(20,102)
Total fixed maturity securities	887,466		(3,441)		6,816,461		(327,375)		7,703,927		(330,816)
Short-term investments	59,179		(620)		—		—		59,179		(620)
Total	$	946,645	$	(4,061)	$	6,816,461	$	(327,375)	$	7,763,106	$	(331,436)

At December 31, 2025, the Company held 948 available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position with a total estimated fair value of $7.8 billion and gross unrealized losses of $331.4 million. Of these 948 securities, 851 securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for one year or longer and had a total estimated fair value of $6.8 billion and gross unrealized losses of $327.4 million.

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The Company completes a detailed analysis each quarter to assess whether the decline in the fair value of any investment below its cost basis is the result of a credit loss. All available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses are reviewed. The Company considers many factors in completing its quarterly review of securities with unrealized losses for credit-related impairment to determine whether a credit loss exists, including the extent to which fair value is below cost, the implied yield to maturity, rating downgrades of the security, and whether or not the issuer has failed to make scheduled principal or interest payments. The Company also takes into consideration information about the financial condition of the issuer and industry factors that could negatively impact the issuer.

If the decline in fair value of an available-for-sale security below its amortized cost is considered to be the result of a credit loss, the Company compares the estimated present value of the cash flows expected to be collected to the amortized cost of the security. The extent to which the estimated present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost of the security represents the credit loss, which is recorded as an allowance and recognized in net income. The allowance is limited to the difference between the fair value and the amortized cost of the security. Any remaining decline in fair value represents the non-credit portion of the impairment, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The Company did not have an allowance for credit losses for any available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities were the result of declines in the fair value of the investments due to increases in interest rates, which are expected to reverse as the securities mature, and foreign currency movements related to available-for-sale securities denominated in a foreign currency.

Quarterly, the Company also considers whether it intends to sell an available-for-sale security or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost. In these instances, a decline in fair value is recognized in net income based on the fair value of the security at the time of assessment, resulting in a new cost basis for the security.

c) The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities at September 30, 2026 are shown below by contractual maturity.


(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	2,084,296	$	2,083,791
Due after one year through five years	6,576,638		6,341,782
Due after five years through ten years	5,156,621		4,836,669
Due after ten years	1,204,831		1,039,809
	15,022,386		14,302,051
Mortgage-backed securities	3,160,503		2,993,011
Total fixed maturity securities	$	18,182,889	$	17,295,062

d) The following table presents the components of net investment income.


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Interest:
Fixed maturity securities	$	171,041	$	155,645	$	504,561	$	444,819
Short-term investments	21,981		19,406		56,784		58,659
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents	30,054		37,483		89,307		112,980
Dividends on equity securities	38,182		35,762		131,345		110,769
	261,258		248,296		781,997		727,227
Investment expenses	(3,143)		(2,621)		(11,869)		(14,448)
Net investment income	$	258,115	$	245,675	$	770,128	$	712,779

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e) The following table presents the components of net investment gains (losses) included in net income and the change in net unrealized losses included in other comprehensive income (loss). Gross realized investment gains and losses on fixed maturity securities and short-term investments were not material to the consolidated financial statements and are presented on a net basis in the following table.


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Fixed maturity securities and short-term investments:
Net realized investment gains (losses)	$	(523)	$	4,695	$	(1,413)	$	(13,702)
Equity securities:
Change in fair value of securities sold during the period	(177)		(1,795)		20,750		1,345
Change in fair value of securities held at the end of the period	(280,209)		429,986		139,717		876,395
Total change in fair value	(280,386)		428,191		160,467		877,740
Net investment gains (losses)	$	(280,909)	$	432,886	$	159,054	$	864,038
Change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments included in other comprehensive income (loss):
Fixed maturity securities	$	(551,827)	$	60,844	$	(789,895)	$	585,862
Short-term investments	1,411		(1,021)		(6,342)		9,517
Net increase (decrease)	$	(550,416)	$	59,823	$	(796,237)	$	595,379

4. Fair Value Measurements

FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure the assets or liabilities fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the classification is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability.

Classification of assets and liabilities within the hierarchy considers the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability and transparency of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:

•Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets.

•Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, and market-corroborated inputs.

•Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable for the asset or liability and are significant to the fair value measurement.

In accordance with ASC 820, the Company determines fair value based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company uses various methods, including the market, income, and cost approaches. The Company uses valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the Company to measure assets and liabilities at fair value, including an indication of the level within the fair value hierarchy in which each asset or liability is generally classified.

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Available-for-sale investments and equity securities. Available-for-sale investments and equity securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Available-for-sale investments include fixed maturity securities and short-term investments. Fair value is determined by the Company after considering various sources of information, including information provided by a third-party pricing service. The pricing service provides prices for substantially all of the Company's fixed maturity securities and equity securities. In determining fair value, the Company generally does not adjust the prices obtained from the pricing service. The Company obtains an understanding of the pricing service's valuation methodologies and related inputs, which include, but are not limited to, reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, bids, offers, duration, credit ratings, estimated cash flows, and prepayment speeds. The Company validates prices provided by the pricing service by reviewing prices from other pricing sources and analyzing pricing data in certain instances.

The Company has evaluated the various types of securities in its investment portfolio to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level based upon trading activity and the observability of market inputs. Level 1 investments include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Level 2 investments include U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, municipal bonds, foreign government, agency, and supranational bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and corporate and university debt securities.

Fair value for available-for-sale investments and equity securities is measured based upon quoted prices in active markets, if available. Due to variations in trading volumes and the lack of quoted market prices, fixed maturity securities are classified as Level 2 investments. The fair value of fixed maturity securities is normally derived through recent reported trades for identical or similar securities, making adjustments through the reporting date based upon available market observable data previously described. If there are no recent reported trades, the fair value of fixed maturity securities may be derived through the use of matrix pricing or model processes, where future cash flow expectations are developed based upon collateral performance and discounted at an estimated market rate. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value of obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions, corporate and university bonds, and obligations of foreign governments, agencies and supranationals include reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, bids, offers, credit information, and estimated cash flows. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value of mortgage-backed securities include the type of underlying assets, benchmark yields, prepayment speeds, collateral information, tranche type and volatility, estimated cash flows, credit information, default rates, recovery rates, issuer spreads, and the year of issue.

Senior long-term debt and other debt. Senior long-term debt and other debt is carried at amortized cost with the estimated fair value disclosed on the consolidated balance sheets. Senior long-term debt and other debt is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy due to variations in trading volumes and the lack of quoted market prices. Fair value is generally derived through recent reported trades, making adjustments through the reporting date, if necessary, based upon available market observable data including U.S. Treasury securities and implied credit spreads. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value of senior long-term debt and other debt include reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, bids, and offers.

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The following tables present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy.


	September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investments:
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	5,792,654	$	—	$	5,792,654
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	—		1,582,349		—		1,582,349
Obligations of states, municipalities, and political subdivisions	—		3,375,628		—		3,375,628
Foreign governments, agencies, and supranationals	—		3,377,830		—		3,377,830
Agency mortgage-backed securities	—		2,949,749		—		2,949,749
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities	—		43,262		—		43,262
Corporate and university bonds	—		173,590		—		173,590
Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	—		17,295,062		—		17,295,062
Equity securities:
Insurance, banks, and other financial institutions	4,937,280		—		—		4,937,280
Industrial, consumer, and all other	8,173,403		—		—		8,173,403
Total equity securities	13,110,683		—		—		13,110,683
Short-term investments, available-for-sale	2,547,949		221,143		—		2,769,092
Total investments	$	15,658,632	$	17,516,205	$	—	$	33,174,837


	December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investments:
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	5,927,907	$	—	$	5,927,907
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	—		1,640,234		—		1,640,234
Obligations of states, municipalities, and political subdivisions	—		3,672,468		—		3,672,468
Foreign governments, agencies, and supranationals	—		3,374,915		—		3,374,915
Agency mortgage-backed securities	—		2,901,120		—		2,901,120
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities	—		65,758		—		65,758
Corporate and university bonds	—		215,584		—		215,584
Total fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	—		17,797,986		—		17,797,986
Equity securities:
Insurance, banks, and other financial institutions	5,441,617		—		—		5,441,617
Industrial, consumer, and all other	7,562,695		—		—		7,562,695
Total equity securities	13,004,312		—		—		13,004,312
Short-term investments, available-for-sale	1,843,163		190,499		—		2,033,662
Total investments	$	14,847,475	$	17,988,485	$	—	$	32,835,960

The Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025.

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5. Products, Services, and Other Revenues

The following tables present revenues from contracts with customers by type, all of which are included in products revenues and services and other revenues in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income (loss), along with a reconciliation to the total of products revenues and services and other revenues.


	Quarter Ended September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate		Total
Products	$	—	$	478,881	$	—	$	180,048	$	—	$	658,929
Services	3,136		651,348		75		97,555		—		752,114
Management fees	—		—		42,198		—		—		42,198
Total revenues from contracts with customers	3,136		1,130,229		42,273		277,603		—		1,453,241
Leasing revenues	—		51,085		—		17,835		—		68,920
Fronting fees	12,539		—		40,966		—		—		53,505
Equity method and other investments income	6,997		—		2,726		—		21,603		31,326

Other	(2,577)		288		—		871		19,006		17,588
Total products, services, and other revenues	$	20,095	$	1,181,602	$	85,965	$	296,309	$	40,609	$	1,624,580


	Quarter Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate		Total
Products	$	—	$	417,986	$	—	$	181,628	$	—	$	599,614
Services	1,199		588,148		441		91,598		—		681,386
Management fees	—		—		30,340		—		—		30,340
Total revenues from contracts with customers	1,199		1,006,134		30,781		273,226		—		1,311,340
Leasing revenues	—		43,218		—		16,938		—		60,156
Fronting fees	29,026		—		41,047		—		—		70,073
Equity method and other investments income	12,373		—		1,528		—		21,021		34,922

Other	4,751		609		—		1,250		—		6,610
Total products, services, and other revenues	$	47,349	$	1,049,961	$	73,356	$	291,414	$	21,021	$	1,483,101


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate		Total
Products	$	—	$	1,282,831	$	—	$	792,096	$	—	$	2,074,927
Services	6,259		1,693,728		445		280,475		—		1,980,907
Management fees	—		—		121,410		—		—		121,410
Total revenues from contracts with customers	6,259		2,976,559		121,855		1,072,571		—		4,177,244
Leasing revenues	—		124,254		—		53,286		—		177,540
Fronting fees	27,058		—		124,592		—		—		151,650
Equity method and other investments income (loss)	7,522		—		(5,169)		—		36,001		38,354

Other	(7,687)		1,915		—		2,923		19,006		16,157
Total products, services, and other revenues	$	33,152	$	3,102,728	$	241,278	$	1,128,780	$	55,007	$	4,560,945

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Industrial		Financial		Consumer and Other		Corporate		Total
Products	$	—	$	1,197,798	$	—	$	795,614	$	—	$	1,993,412
Services	4,748		1,578,137		1,160		258,732		—		1,842,777
Management fees	—		—		85,790		—		—		85,790
Total revenues from contracts with customers	4,748		2,775,935		86,950		1,054,346		—		3,921,979
Leasing revenues	—		117,788		—		50,916		—		168,704
Fronting fees	37,958		—		121,576		—		—		159,534
Equity method and other investments income	10,515		350		46,701		—		38,496		96,062

Other	5,031		1,177		—		3,164		—		9,372
Total products, services, and other revenues	$	58,252	$	2,895,250	$	255,227	$	1,108,426	$	38,496	$	4,355,651

Receivables from contracts with customers, net of allowances for credit losses, were $782.3 million and $692.4 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

6. Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

The following table presents a reconciliation of consolidated beginning and ending reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025
Gross reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses, beginning of year	$	30,857,453	$	26,633,094
Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses, beginning of year	14,150,484		11,120,367
Net reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses, beginning of year	16,706,969		15,512,727
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on beginning of year balance	(40,017)		160,363
Adjusted net reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses, beginning of year	16,666,952		15,673,090
Incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Current accident year	4,015,514		4,156,998
Prior accident years	(385,941)		(360,473)
Total incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses	3,629,573		3,796,525
Payments:
Current accident year	465,274		444,603
Prior accident years	3,006,278		2,640,264
Total payments	3,471,552		3,084,867
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on current year activity	(3,206)		900
Provision for expected credit losses within fronting operations (see note 7)	205,346		—
Retroactive reinsurance transaction with Hagerty Re	(62,202)		—
Change in net reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses of Markel CATCo Re	—		(2,005)
Commutation of ceded reinsurance contracts	—		312,244


Net reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses, end of period	16,964,911		16,695,887
Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses, end of period	16,895,016		12,442,082
Gross reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses, end of period	$	33,859,927	$	29,137,969

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, current accident year losses and loss adjustment expenses included $150.6 million of net losses and loss adjustment expenses related to the regional military conflict that emerged in the Middle East following U.S. and Israeli airstrikes on Iran in February 2026. These losses and loss adjustment expenses were net of ceded losses of $270.2 million. Losses and loss adjustment expenses from the Middle East conflict were primarily attributed to marine war, terrorism, and energy coverages written by the International division within the Markel Insurance segment.

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Estimates for incurred losses related to the Middle East conflict represent the Company's best estimate as of September 30, 2026 based upon information currently available. The Company's gross and ceded estimates for these losses are based on known losses and reported claims, as well as an analysis of the Company's ceded reinsurance contracts. These estimates include various assumptions about the nature and extent of such losses, which, in many instances, have been difficult to verify, as well as assumptions about event definitions, attachment points, and reinsurance coverage. Due to the inherent uncertainty associated with the assumptions surrounding the Middle East conflict, these estimates are subject to a wide range of variability.

While the Company believes the reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses for the Middle East conflict as of September 30, 2026 are adequate based on information currently available, the Company continues to closely monitor reported claims, ceded reinsurance contract attachment, government actions, and areas impacted by the conflict and may adjust its loss estimates as new information becomes available. Additionally, as the Middle East conflict is ongoing, additional losses may be incurred in subsequent periods. Any such adjustments or additional losses may be material to the Company's results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

Effective January 1, 2026, the Company entered into a retroactive reinsurance agreement with Hagerty Reinsurance Limited (Hagerty Re) to reinsure its retained exposures on business written on behalf of Hagerty, Inc. (Hagerty) prior to January 1, 2026. Net losses and loss adjustment expenses on these ceded policies totaled $62.2 million as of December 31, 2025, for which the Company paid $54.1 million to Hagerty Re. See note 8 for additional details on the Company's transactions with Hagerty to transition the relationship to a fronting arrangement.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, losses and loss adjustment expenses included $385.9 million of favorable development on prior years loss reserves, which included $408.1 million of net favorable development on the Company's property, workers' compensation, marine and energy, professional liability, credit and surety, and general liability insurance product lines within its Markel Insurance segment. Favorable development on the Markel Insurance segment's prior years loss reserves was net of adverse development on professional liability and general liability product lines within its Global Reinsurance division.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, current accident year losses and loss adjustment expenses included $56.6 million of net losses and loss adjustment expenses attributed to the series of wildfires that occurred in southern California in January 2025.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, losses and loss adjustment expenses included $360.5 million of favorable development on prior years loss reserves, which included $364.5 million of net favorable development on the Company's marine and energy, general liability, property, programs, and workers' compensation insurance product lines within its Markel Insurance segment. Favorable development on the Markel Insurance segment's prior years loss reserves was net of $142.3 million of adverse development on run-off risk-managed directors and officers product lines and adverse development on general liability product lines within the Markel Insurance segment's Global Reinsurance division.

In July 2025, the Company commuted a portfolio of ceded reinsurance contracts with certain Nephila Reinsurers consisting of property catastrophe and brokerage property exposures for policy years 2023 and prior. Gross and ceded reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses on the commuted contracts totaled $312.2 million and resulted in cash payments of $292.6 million.

7. Reinsurance

a) In reinsurance transactions, an insurance company transfers, or cedes, all or part of its exposure in return for a premium. The ceding of insurance does not legally discharge the Company from its primary liability for the full amount of the policies, and the Company will be required to pay the loss and bear collection risk if the reinsurer fails to meet its obligations under the reinsurance agreement. A credit risk exists with ceded reinsurance to the extent that any reinsurer is unable to meet the obligations assumed under the reinsurance contracts. The Company attempts to mitigate credit risk by selecting well capitalized, highly rated authorized capacity providers or requiring that the capacity provider post substantial collateral to secure the reinsured risks.

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An allowance is established for credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the reinsurance recoverable, which is presented net of this allowance on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company records the provision for expected credit losses in losses and loss adjustment expenses for its underwriting operations and services and other expenses for its fronting operations. The following table summarizes the Company's allowance for credit losses associated with its reinsurance recoverables.


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2026		December 31, 2025
Fronting	$	206,801	$	1,454
Underwriting	27,895		16,668
Consolidated	$	234,696	$	18,122

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the change in the allowance for expected credit losses included a $205.3 million provision for expected credit losses related to the Company's program services fronting operations within the Company's Financial segment. This provision related to one capacity provider that is currently in bankruptcy. As of December 31, 2025, the Company held collateral from this capacity provider in excess of the related reinsurance recoverables.

In the second quarter of 2026, the Company completed an actuarial reserve assessment on the programs in which this capacity provider participated, which included a third-party actuarial reserve study. Based on the loss trends observed in this analysis, the Company increased its gross and ceded losses related to programs with this capacity provider, with the related reserves reflecting a level consistent with the Company's more likely redundant than deficient loss reserving philosophy. The Company does not expect to be able to obtain additional collateral from the capacity provider to secure the related increase in reinsurance recoverables. As a result, the Company recognized a $205.3 million provision for expected credit losses as an allowance for the uncollateralized reinsurance recoverables. The Company will revise its allowance for expected credit losses to reflect any changes in its expectations in subsequent periods.

There were no other material changes in the Company's credit risk exposures within its program services fronting operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2026. Additionally, there were no material changes in the Company's credit risk exposures within its underwriting operations.

b) The following tables summarize the effect of reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance on premiums written and earned. Fronting premiums are attributable to business written on behalf of third-party capacity providers, substantially all of which are ceded.


	Quarter Ended September 30,
	2026								2025
(dollars in thousands)	Direct		Assumed		Ceded		Net Premiums		Direct		Assumed		Ceded		Net Premiums
Underwriting:
Written	$	2,372,205	$	200,863	$	(333,095)	$	2,239,973	$	2,420,107	$	382,313	$	(563,681)	$	2,238,739
Earned	$	2,367,480	$	334,950	$	(428,557)	$	2,273,873	$	2,275,753	$	453,405	$	(522,939)	$	2,206,219
Fronting:
Written	1,037,946		379,371		(1,417,202)		115		704,379		352,094		(1,057,016)		(543)
Earned	954,559		831,301		(1,784,225)		1,635		843,146		1,112,200		(1,955,792)		(446)
Consolidated:
Written	$	3,410,151	$	580,234	$	(1,750,297)	$	2,240,088	$	3,124,486	$	734,407	$	(1,620,697)	$	2,238,196
Earned	$	3,322,039	$	1,166,251	$	(2,212,782)	$	2,275,508	$	3,118,899	$	1,565,605	$	(2,478,731)	$	2,205,773

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026								2025
(dollars in thousands)	Direct		Assumed		Ceded		Net Premiums		Direct		Assumed		Ceded		Net Premiums
Underwriting:
Written	$	6,724,591	$	604,775	$	(1,120,859)	$	6,208,507	$	6,970,879	$	1,583,225	$	(1,761,973)	$	6,792,131
Earned	$	6,918,925	$	1,000,231	$	(1,524,734)	$	6,394,422	$	6,681,520	$	1,342,521	$	(1,587,018)	$	6,437,023
Fronting:
Written	3,101,000		1,917,215		(5,017,932)		283		2,299,790		2,367,720		(4,667,803)		(293)
Earned	2,545,816		1,695,266		(4,239,332)		1,750		2,414,888		1,673,636		(4,088,709)		(185)
Consolidated:
Written	$	9,825,591	$	2,521,990	$	(6,138,791)	$	6,208,790	$	9,270,669	$	3,950,945	$	(6,429,776)	$	6,791,838
Earned	$	9,464,741	$	2,695,497	$	(5,764,066)	$	6,396,172	$	9,096,408	$	3,016,157	$	(5,675,727)	$	6,436,838


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025
Underwriting:
Ceded earned premiums to gross earned premiums	16	%	19	%	19	%	20	%
Assumed earned premiums to net earned premiums	15	%	21	%	16	%	21	%
Consolidated:
Ceded earned premiums to gross earned premiums	49	%	53	%	47	%	47	%
Assumed earned premiums to net earned premiums	51	%	71	%	42	%	47	%

c) The following table summarizes the effect of reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance on losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Company's underwriting operations.


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Gross losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	1,559,875	$	1,566,985	$	4,880,804	$	4,900,250
Ceded losses and loss adjustment expenses	(283,906)		(313,061)		(1,250,819)		(1,103,552)
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	1,275,969	$	1,253,924	$	3,629,985	$	3,796,698

Substantially all of the incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses related to the Company's fronted premiums were ceded. These gross losses totaled $2.1 billion and $4.2 billion for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $1.2 billion and $3.4 billion for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.

8. Related Party Transactions

The Company engages in certain related party transactions in the normal course of business at arm's length.

Nephila

Fund Management

The Company provides investment and insurance management services through Nephila Holdings Ltd. (together with its subsidiaries, Nephila). Nephila serves as the investment manager to several Bermuda-based private funds (the Nephila Funds). To provide access for the Nephila Funds to a variety of insurance-linked securities in the property catastrophe, climate, and specialty insurance markets, Nephila also acts as an insurance manager to certain Bermuda-licensed reinsurers and as the managing agent to Lloyd's Syndicates 2357, 2358, and 2359 (collectively, the Nephila Reinsurers). Neither the Nephila Funds nor the Nephila Reinsurers are consolidated by the Company. Nephila receives management fees for investment and insurance management services based on either the net asset value of the accounts managed or gross premium volume for the underlying risks to which the investors subscribed. For certain funds, Nephila may also receive performance fees based on their annual performance.

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For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026, total fund management revenues attributed to unconsolidated entities managed by Nephila were $42.2 million and $120.3 million, respectively. For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, total fund management revenues attributed to unconsolidated entities managed by Nephila were $30.3 million and $85.0 million, respectively.

Fronting

The Company's fronting activities include programs with the Nephila Reinsurers through which the Company writes insurance policies that are fully ceded to the Nephila Reinsurers in exchange for fronting fees. Through these programs, which are primarily provided by Markel Insurance, Nephila utilizes certain of the Company's licensed insurance companies to write a portion of its portfolio of U.S. catastrophe-exposed property and specialty risks. Gross premiums written through these programs that were ceded to the Nephila Reinsurers were $58.5 million and $1.1 billion for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively. Gross premiums written through these programs that were ceded to the Nephila Reinsurers were $162.9 million and $1.8 billion for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.

As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, reinsurance recoverables on the consolidated balance sheets included $187.2 million and $496.0 million, respectively, due from the Nephila Reinsurers. Under its programs with the Nephila Reinsurers, the Company bears underwriting risk for annual aggregate agreement year losses in excess of a limit the Company believes is unlikely to be exceeded. To the extent losses under these programs exceed the prescribed limits, the Company is obligated to pay such losses to the cedents without recourse to the Nephila Reinsurers. While the Company believes losses under these programs are unlikely, those losses, if incurred, could be material to the Company's consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

In order for the Nephila Reinsurers to obtain reinsurance protection for a portion of their exposures, the Company also fronted ceded reinsurance contracts, primarily in the form of industry loss warranties, for the Nephila Reinsurers. Through this arrangement, the underlying risk of the Nephila Reinsurers was retroceded back to the Company and then fully ceded to third-party reinsurers. For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company's gross written premiums from the Nephila Reinsurers under this fronting program were $18.8 million and $36.8 million, respectively, all of which were ceded to third parties. For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company's gross written premiums from the Nephila Reinsurers under this fronting program were $7.0 million and $81.5 million, respectively, all of which were ceded to third parties.

The Company has also entered into other assumed and ceded reinsurance transactions with the Nephila Reinsurers in the normal course of business, which are not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Hagerty

The Company holds a minority ownership interest in Hagerty, which operates as a managing general agent focused on the global automobile enthusiast market and also includes Hagerty Re, a Bermuda Class 3 reinsurance company. The Company writes U.S. classic car business on behalf of Hagerty. Effective January 1, 2026, the Company's business with Hagerty transitioned to a fronting arrangement, whereby the Company receives a fronting fee in exchange for writing business on behalf of Hagerty and fully ceding the business, primarily to Hagerty Re. Prior to transitioning to a fronting arrangement, the majority of the Company's business with Hagerty was ceded to Hagerty Re, while a portion was retained by the Company. The amounts attributable to these arrangements are summarized in the following table.


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Gross written premiums attributable to Hagerty	$	319,988	$	284,630	$	918,125	$	808,663
Premiums ceded to Hagerty Re	$	308,242	$	219,309	$	880,483	$	623,453

In connection with the transition, the Company also entered into agreements with Hagerty Re to reinsure its retained exposures on business written on behalf of Hagerty prior to January 1, 2026. Net losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums on these ceded policies totaled $62.2 million and $92.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2025. See note 6 for additional details on the Company's retroactive reinsurance agreement with Hagerty.

As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, reinsurance recoverables on the consolidated balance sheets included $298.7 million and $317.1 million, respectively, due from Hagerty Re.

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9. Shareholders' Equity

a) The Company has 50,000,000 shares of no par value common stock authorized. The following table presents a rollforward of changes in common shares issued and outstanding.


	Quarter Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in ones)	2026	2025	2026	2025
Issued and outstanding common shares, beginning of period	12,409,491	12,654,180	12,589,631	12,790,117
Issuance of common shares	8,204	2,844	17,307	6,508
Repurchase of common shares	(168,019)	(36,512)	(357,262)	(176,113)
Issued and outstanding common shares, end of period	12,249,676	12,620,512	12,249,676	12,620,512

b) The Company has 10,000,000 shares of no par value preferred stock authorized, none of which were issued or outstanding at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. In the second quarter of 2025, the Company redeemed in full its outstanding 600,000 6.00% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Series A preferred shares for $1,000 per share, for an aggregate value of $600.0 million, which included $8.1 million of redemption premiums. The Company declared and paid dividends on outstanding preferred shares of $18.0 million, or $30 per share, in the second quarter of 2025.

c) Net income per common share was determined by dividing adjusted net income to common shareholders by the applicable weighted average common shares outstanding. Weighted average basic common shares outstanding include restricted stock units that are no longer subject to any contingencies for issuance, but for which corresponding shares have not been issued. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing adjusted net income to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The following table presents basic net income per common share and diluted net income per common share.


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Net income to common shareholders	$	259,255	$	751,336	$	1,215,805	$	1,504,089
Adjustment and purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interests	(33,347)		(4,653)		(60,648)		29,989
Adjusted net income to common shareholders	$	225,908	$	746,683	$	1,155,157	$	1,534,078

Weighted average basic common shares outstanding	12,405		12,562		12,527		12,687

Weighted average dilutive potential common shares from restricted stock units and restricted stock	42		40		43		33
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	12,447		12,602		12,570		12,720
Basic net income per common share	$	18.21	$	59.44	$	92.21	$	120.92
Diluted net income per common share	$	18.15	$	59.25	$	91.90	$	120.60

10. Contingencies

Contingencies arise in the normal course of the Company's operations and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations.

11. Subsequent Event

On October 27, 2026, Markel Insurance entered into an adverse development cover reinsurance agreement with Cavello Bay Reinsurance Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Enstar Group Limited (Enstar), covering a portfolio that includes the run-off Global Reinsurance business and certain exited lines within its insurance operations. The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and other customary conditions and is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2026.

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Subject reserves include 2025 and prior underwriting years of business written within the Global Reinsurance division and the exited risk-managed professional liability, architects and engineers, and certain other run-off product lines within the U.S. Wholesale and Specialty and Programs and Solutions divisions. Markel Insurance will maintain claims control for the covered reserves subject to certain administrative rights of Enstar.

Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item 1 Financial Statements and our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and include the accounts of our holding company, Markel Group Inc. (Markel Group), and its consolidated subsidiaries, as well as any variable interest entities that meet the requirements for consolidation (the Company). This section is divided into the following sections:

•Business Overview

•Results of Operations

•Financial Condition

•Non-GAAP Financial Measures

•Critical Accounting Estimates

•Safe Harbor and Cautionary Statement

Business Overview

Markel Group is a holding company that owns independently operated businesses across a range of industries. The cornerstone business, Markel Insurance, provides specialized insurance products that are not typically available through the standard insurance market. This insurance business sits at the center of the Company's strategy. It generates and holds capital used to support growth and investment across Markel Group. The other majority-owned businesses operate in diverse end markets, from industrial bakery equipment to ornamental plants to precast concrete. Markel Group also owns shares in publicly traded companies, which are primarily held within its insurance operations.

Markel Group supports each business by empowering leaders to make the best long-term decisions for their businesses. Customers, associates, and shareholders each benefit from this approach, given how it allows businesses to pursue opportunities that require time, stability, and trust. We believe this approach is difficult to replicate and makes Markel Group a distinctive home for businesses. The Company's long-term orientation and decision-making is rooted in the Company's culture, known as The Markel Style, which serves as a shared set of values that foster excellence and consistency across independent businesses, all while allowing each business to retain its entrepreneurial spirit.

A key principle of The Markel Style is building the value of the Company for shareholders. The design of Markel Group supports this goal by owning businesses that generate positive cash flows and redeploying those cash flows for additional growth. Markel Group has developed the skill and capability to redeploy capital efficiently, with low friction, across a large and diverse opportunity set, which includes reinvesting in existing businesses, acquiring majority-owned businesses, investing in publicly traded companies, and repurchasing Markel Group shares. Markel Group's unique company design and set of shared values have enabled it to compound shareholder capital at attractive rates over many decades.

Markel Group reports its business operations in four segments: Markel Insurance, Industrial, Financial, and Consumer and Other. See note 2 of the notes to consolidated financial statements for details regarding our reportable segments.

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Results of Operations

The following table presents operating revenues by segment.


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Markel Insurance	$	2,443,908	$	2,398,406	$	6,879,507	$	6,904,715
Industrial	1,181,602		1,049,961		3,102,728		2,895,250
Financial	182,032		161,501		514,910		512,834
Consumer and Other	296,309		291,414		1,128,780		1,108,426
Corporate and eliminations	54,352		33,267		101,320		84,043
Total operating revenues	$	4,158,203	$	3,934,549	$	11,727,245	$	11,505,268

The following table presents consolidated operating income and a reconciliation to consolidated adjusted operating income, as well as adjusted operating income by segment. Consolidated adjusted operating income is a non-GAAP measure. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for additional details.


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Operating income	$	383,232	$	1,009,842	$	1,670,248	$	2,399,706
Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets	43,256		44,061		130,070		142,216

Less: Net investment gains (losses)	(280,909)		432,886		159,054		864,038
Adjusted operating income	$	707,397	$	621,017	$	1,641,264	$	1,677,884

Markel Insurance	$	420,897	$	428,475	$	1,166,877	$	980,345
Industrial	131,142		101,302		255,862		263,579
Financial	80,074		61,407		(32,661)		219,440
Consumer and Other	31,221		17,372		193,122		151,283
Corporate and eliminations	44,063		12,461		58,064		63,237
Adjusted operating income	$	707,397	$	621,017	$	1,641,264	$	1,677,884

Net investment gains and losses have caused, and are expected to continue to cause, significant volatility in our periodic operating income, net income, and comprehensive income. Net investment gains and losses are predominantly derived from our investments in publicly traded equity securities and typically include significant unrealized gains and losses from market value movements. We believe that net investment gains and losses, whether realized from sales or unrealized from market value movements, are distortive in understanding the short-term operating performance of our businesses. As such, we exclude net investment gains and losses from adjusted operating income. We believe adjusted operating income, both consolidated and by segment, is generally an accurate representation of the operating performance of our businesses in our periodic results.

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The following table presents the components of comprehensive income (loss) to shareholders.


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Operating income	$	383,232	$	1,009,842	$	1,670,248	$	2,399,706
Interest expense	(50,864)		(50,678)		(154,140)		(155,894)
Net foreign exchange gains (losses)	14,386		19,279		79,041		(245,263)

Income tax expense	(76,617)		(214,656)		(343,904)		(428,230)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(10,882)		(12,451)		(35,440)		(40,121)
Net income to shareholders	259,255		751,336		1,215,805		1,530,198
Preferred stock dividends and redemption premiums	—		—		—		(26,109)
Net income to common shareholders	259,255		751,336		1,215,805		1,504,089
Other comprehensive income (loss) to shareholders	(415,589)		41,790		(611,244)		478,109
Comprehensive income (loss) to shareholders	$	(156,334)	$	793,126	$	604,561	$	2,008,307

Markel Insurance

Markel Insurance is our core specialty insurance business comprised of empowered local leaders underwriting hard-to-place risks across the globe in service of their customers' needs. Markel Insurance generates income primarily through its core underwriting activities and by investing the capital held by its underwriting subsidiaries, as well as through other insurance-related activities, which includes fronting and strategic minority investments. Markel Insurance is primarily comprised of its U.S. Wholesale and Specialty, Programs and Solutions, International, and Global Reinsurance divisions. Markel Insurance also includes the run-off of the discontinued intellectual property collateral protection insurance product line, life and annuity reinsurance business, and certain asbestos and environmental exposures, none of which is managed through its divisions.

We measure the operating performance of our Markel Insurance segment by its operating revenues and adjusted operating income, which represents operating income before net investment gains and amortization of acquired intangible assets. The following table summarizes the results of operations for our Markel Insurance segment.


	Quarter Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026			2025			2026			2025
Earned premiums	$	2,190,244		$	2,127,648		$	6,151,944		$	6,207,809
Net investment income	233,569			223,409			694,411			638,654
Services and other revenues	20,095			47,349			33,152			58,252
Operating revenues	$	2,443,908		$	2,398,406		$	6,879,507		$	6,904,715
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(1,234,748)			(1,212,996)			(3,486,864)			(3,677,426)
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses	(777,242)			(759,173)			(2,202,458)			(2,231,542)
Services and other expenses	(11,021)			2,238			(23,308)			(15,402)
Adjusted operating income	$	420,897		$	428,475		$	1,166,877		$	980,345

Combined ratio	92		%	93		%	92		%	95		%

The 19% increase in adjusted operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was driven by higher underwriting profits and net investment income. For further details of Markel Insurance's investment performance, see "Consolidated Investment Results."

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Recent Developments

Middle East Conflict

In February 2026, a regional military conflict emerged in the Middle East following U.S. and Israeli airstrikes on Iran. The following table summarizes the impact of losses attributed to the Middle East conflict on the Markel Insurance segment combined ratio. Our losses and loss adjustment expenses from the Middle East conflict were primarily attributed to marine war, terrorism, and energy coverages written by the International division.


(dollars in thousands)	Quarter Ended September 30, 2026			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026
Gross losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	196,183		$	420,795
Ceded losses and loss adjustment expenses	(121,628)			(270,229)
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	74,555		$	150,566
Impact on combined ratio	3.4		%	2.4		%

Both the gross and net loss estimates related to the Middle East conflict represent our best estimate as of September 30, 2026 based upon information currently available. Our estimates for these losses are based on known losses and reported claims, as well as an analysis of our ceded reinsurance contracts. These estimates include various assumptions about the nature and extent of such losses, which, in many instances, have been difficult to verify, as well as assumptions about event definitions, attachment points, and reinsurance coverage. Due to the inherent uncertainty associated with the assumptions surrounding the Middle East conflict, these estimates are subject to a wide range of variability.

While we believe our reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses related to the Middle East conflict as of September 30, 2026 are adequate based on information currently available, we continue to closely monitor reported claims, ceded reinsurance contract attachment, government actions, and areas impacted by the conflict and may adjust our loss estimates as new information becomes available. Additionally, as the Middle East conflict is ongoing, additional losses may be incurred in subsequent periods. Any such adjustments or additional losses may be material to our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. See Part II Item 1A Risk Factors for additional information on the risks and uncertainties associated with this event.

Covering these types of risks is core to our expertise as a global specialty insurer, and we continue to underwrite risks in this region on a case by case basis. Furthermore, our marine war coverages allow for the re-rating of in-force premium on contracts at risk during the escalated risk environment. We have recognized significant additional gross written premiums for these coverages, commonly referred to as breach premiums, as a result of the Middle East conflict. See "Premiums" for additional details.

Hagerty

Effective January 1, 2026, Markel Insurance's business with Hagerty, Inc. (Hagerty) transitioned to a fronting arrangement, whereby Markel Insurance receives a fronting fee for writing business on behalf of Hagerty and ceding it to Hagerty Reinsurance Limited (Hagerty Re). Prior to transitioning to a fronting arrangement, the majority of our business with Hagerty was ceded to Hagerty Re. For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026, fronting gross premium volume attributed to Hagerty was $320.0 million and $918.1 million, respectively, all of which was ceded. For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, underwriting gross premium volume attributed to Hagerty was $284.6 million and $808.7 million, respectively, of which $219.3 million and $623.5 million, respectively, was ceded to Hagerty Re. In connection with the transition, we also entered into agreements with Hagerty Re to reinsure our retained exposures on business written on behalf of Hagerty prior to January 1, 2026. Net losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums on these ceded policies totaled $62.2 million and $92.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2025.

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Global Reinsurance

In August 2025, Markel Insurance sold the renewal rights for business written in its Global Reinsurance division, and the division entered into run-off. Gross premium volume attributed to the Global Reinsurance division for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $166.8 million and $1.1 billion, respectively. As many of the contracts previously written within this division were multi-year agreements, we expect premiums to continue earning over the next two years and loss reserves to take several additional years to run off. Effective January 1, 2026, we reinsured the international marine and energy reinsurance business that was still on-risk, comprising $54.8 million of unearned premiums as of December 31, 2025.

Gross premium volume in 2026 includes premiums attributed to contracts signed prior to the division being placed into run-off and changes in our estimate of ultimate premium volumes from in-force contracts. Additionally, gross premium volume in 2026 includes premiums on certain international reinsurance deals that are being fronted as part of the transition of the renewal rights. The Global Reinsurance division underwriting losses were $54.3 million and $106.5 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, which had a three point and two point unfavorable impact on the quarter-to-date and year-to-date Markel Insurance segment combined ratios, respectively. The Global Reinsurance division underwriting losses in 2026 were driven by adverse development on our professional liability product lines.

Adverse Development Cover Reinsurance Agreement

The reinsurance agreement is effective as of April 1, 2026 and includes subject reserves of $4.8 billion. Markel Insurance will retain the first $2.6 billion of reserves and retrocede the next $2.3 billion to Enstar in exchange for a corresponding transfer of assets. The agreement also provides adverse loss development coverage of $1.2 billion above the $4.8 billion of subject reserves in exchange for payment of a risk premium of $120 million. The adverse development cover provided through the transaction reduces the level of prudency management requires in its best estimate of ultimate losses; therefore, management expects the net impacts of the transaction to have an immaterial impact on underwriting results in the fourth quarter.

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The following table summarizes the results of Markel Insurance's underwriting and other insurance-related activities.


	Quarter Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026			2025			% Change		2026			2025			% Change
Gross premium volume	$	2,905,290		$	2,887,111		1	%	$	9,377,401		$	10,161,134		(8)	%
Underwriting	$	2,486,250		$	2,720,406		(9)	%	$	7,088,913		$	8,322,635		(15)	%
Adjusted underwriting (1)	$	2,482,498		$	2,269,006		9	%	$	7,077,809		$	6,448,598		10	%
Fronting	$	419,040		$	166,705		151	%	$	2,288,488		$	1,838,499		24	%

Net written premiums	$	2,153,155		$	2,156,725		0	%	$	5,968,053		$	6,560,656		(9)	%
Earned premiums	$	2,190,244		$	2,127,648		3	%	$	6,151,944		$	6,207,809		(1)	%
Underwriting profit	$	178,254		$	155,479		15	%	$	462,622		$	298,841		55	%
Services and other income	$	3,691		$	44,432		(92)	%	$	7,349		$	37,689		(81)	%

Underwriting Ratios (2)							Point Change								Point Change
Loss ratio
Current accident year loss ratio	61.6		%	63.1		%	(1.5)		63.0		%	65.0		%	(2.0)
Prior accident years loss ratio	(5.2)		%	(6.1)		%	0.9		(6.3)		%	(5.7)		%	(0.6)
Loss ratio	56.4		%	57.0		%	(0.6)		56.7		%	59.2		%	(2.5)
Expense ratio	35.5		%	35.7		%	(0.2)		35.8		%	35.9		%	(0.1)
Combined ratio	91.9		%	92.7		%	(0.8)		92.5		%	95.2		%	(2.7)

Current accident year loss ratio catastrophe impact (3)	3.4		%	(0.2)		%	3.6		2.4		%	0.9		%	1.5

Current accident year loss ratio, excluding catastrophe impact (1)	58.2		%	63.3		%	(5.1)		60.5		%	64.1		%	(3.6)
Combined ratio, excluding current accident year catastrophe impact (1)	88.5		%	92.9		%	(4.4)		90.0		%	94.3		%	(4.3)

(1) This metric is a non-GAAP financial measure. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for additional details.

(2) Amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.

(3) The point impact of catastrophes is calculated as the associated net losses and loss adjustment expenses divided by total earned premiums. For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026, current accident year losses and loss adjustment expenses attributed to catastrophes were related to the Middle East conflict.

Premiums

Underwriting

The decrease in underwriting gross premium volume in our Markel Insurance segment for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026 was driven by the changes to our Global Reinsurance division and Hagerty relationship, as previously discussed. For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026, adjusted underwriting gross premium volume, which excludes premiums attributed to the Global Reinsurance division and Hagerty in both periods, increased 9% and 10%, respectively. The increases in both periods were driven by significant increases on our international marine and energy product lines, as well as growth within our international professional liability product lines, partially offset by lower premiums on our U.S. general liability and property product lines. Adjusted underwriting gross premium volume growth is a non-GAAP financial measure. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for additional details.

The significant increase in premium volume within our international marine and energy product line was primarily attributable to breach premiums for our marine war coverages impacted by the Middle East conflict and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, as well as additional growth from new business. For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026, we recognized $164.1 million and $199.1 million, respectively, in additional gross written premiums for these coverages compared to $19.5 million and $59.0 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.

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Fronting

The increase in fronting gross premium volume for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026 was attributable to the change in our Hagerty relationship to a fronting arrangement and the fronted premiums within our Global Reinsurance division, as previously discussed, partially offset by lower premiums on our property catastrophe programs with Nephila period-over-period. For the quarter ended September 30, 2026, fronting gross premium volume consisted of $77.6 million, $320.0 million, and $21.5 million attributable to Nephila, Hagerty, and Global Reinsurance, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, fronting gross premium volume consisted of $1.1 billion, $918.1 million, and $252.6 million attributable to Nephila, Hagerty, and Global Reinsurance, respectively. For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, fronting gross premium volume was fully attributable to Nephila.

Rate Discussion

Rates in the aggregate across our diversified global product portfolio remained relatively flat through the first nine months of 2026 with various offsetting rate increases and decreases across different product lines. Product lines achieving the most notable rate increases include our U.S. excess casualty and umbrella, primary casualty, management liability, and personal lines product lines. Product lines with notable rate decreases include our U.S. property product lines and our international cyber, professional liability, and energy product lines. While we are seeing rate decreases across several lines within our international portfolio due to the high level of recent profitability, we continue to achieve adequate rates for these product lines. Within our U.S. property product lines, we continue to see a softening market with overall rate decreases due to the low level of natural catastrophe losses in recent years.

We examine each of our product classes regularly by evaluating pricing and exposure, underwriting terms and conditions, deal structure, including limits and attachment points, and our expectations around loss cost trends, among other things. We target premium growth only in product lines where we are confident in the levels of rate adequacy.

Net Retention

Net retention of underwriting gross premium volume for the quarters ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 was 87% and 79%, respectively. Net retention of underwriting gross premium volume for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 was 84% and 79%, respectively.

The increase in net retention for both the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026 was primarily driven by the impact of our Hagerty business transitioning to a fronting arrangement in 2026, which we ceded at approximately 80% in 2025. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the increase in net retention was partially offset by the impact of the ceded written premiums within our Global Reinsurance division and with our Hagerty business related to previously written business that was reinsured during the first quarter of 2026, as previously discussed.

Within our underwriting operations, we purchase reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance to manage our net retention on individual risks and overall exposure to losses and to enable us to write policies with sufficient limits to meet policyholder needs.

Earned

For the quarter ended September 30, 2026, the increase in earned premiums was primarily due to breach premiums related to the Middle East conflict, which cover shorter policy terms than typical policies, partially offset by the impact of the changes in gross premium volume in recent periods, as previously discussed. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the decrease in earned premiums was primarily due to the impact of the changes in gross premium volume in recent periods, as previously discussed.

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Combined Ratio

Quarter-to-Date

Underwriting results for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 included $74.6 million, or three points on the combined ratio, of net losses and loss adjustment expenses related to the Middle East conflict. Underwriting results for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 included a $4.3 million reduction of our estimate of losses attributable to the series of wildfires that occurred in southern California in January 2025 (California Wildfires). Excluding losses attributed to catastrophes, the decrease in the Markel Insurance segment combined ratio for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 was primarily attributable to a lower attritional loss ratio. The decrease in the attritional loss ratio was primarily attributable to our international marine and energy product lines, reflecting a favorable impact from breach premiums and additional growth, as our marine and energy product lines have a lower attritional loss ratio than the rest of the segment.

The combined ratio for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 included $113.6 million of favorable development on prior accident years loss reserves compared to $129.1 million for the same period of 2025. The decrease in favorable development was primarily attributable to less favorable development on our international marine and energy product lines and U.S. general liability insurance product lines, as well as more adverse development on our professional liability product lines within our Global Reinsurance division. The decrease in favorable development was net of more favorable development on our property and workers' compensation insurance product lines and favorable development on our international professional liability insurance product lines for 2026 compared to adverse development in 2025.

For the quarter ended September 30, 2026, favorable development was most significant within our property, general liability, workers' compensation, and professional liability insurance product lines. For the quarter ended September 30, 2025, favorable development was most significant within our general liability, marine and energy, and programs insurance product lines.

Year-to-Date

Underwriting results for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 included $150.6 million, or two points on the combined ratio, of net losses and loss adjustment expenses related to the Middle East conflict. Underwriting results for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 included $56.6 million, or one point on the combined ratio, of net losses and loss adjustment expenses attributed to the California Wildfires. Excluding losses attributed to catastrophes, the decrease in the Markel Insurance segment combined ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was primarily attributable to a lower attritional loss ratio. The decrease in the attritional loss ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was due to the same factors as discussed on a quarter-to-date basis.

The combined ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 included $387.1 million of favorable development on prior accident years loss reserves compared to $356.9 million for the same period of 2025. The increase in favorable development was primarily attributable to more favorable development on our property and workers' compensation insurance product lines and favorable development on our professional liability insurance product lines for 2026 compared to adverse development in 2025. The increase in favorable development was partially offset by less favorable development on our U.S. general liability and international marine and energy insurance product lines.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, favorable development was most significant within our property, workers' compensation, marine and energy, professional liability, credit and surety, and general liability insurance product lines. Favorable development for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was net of adverse development on our professional liability and general liability product lines within our Global Reinsurance division. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, favorable development was most significant within our marine and energy, general liability, property, programs, and workers' compensation insurance product lines. Favorable development for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was net of $142.3 million of adverse development on our run-off risk-managed directors and officers product lines and adverse development on our general liability product lines within our Global Reinsurance division.

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Markel Insurance - Divisional Results

The following tables present the divisional results of the Markel Insurance segment's underwriting and other insurance-related activities.

Quarter-to-Date


	Quarter Ended September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	U.S. Wholesale and Specialty			Programs and Solutions			International			Global Reinsurance			Other		Markel Insurance
Gross premium volume - underwriting	$	746,372		$	660,078		$	1,077,035		$	3,752		$	(987)	$	2,486,250
Gross premium volume - fronting	—			397,557			—			21,483			—		419,040
Gross premium volume	$	746,372		$	1,057,635		$	1,077,035		$	25,235		$	(987)	$	2,905,290
Net written premiums	$	646,628		$	575,734		$	928,490		$	3,289		$	(986)	$	2,153,155

Earned premiums	$	631,161		$	604,869		$	847,180		$	107,455		$	(421)	$	2,190,244
Losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Current accident year - attritional	(403,574)			(384,081)			(392,980)			(93,132)			—		(1,273,767)
Current accident year - catastrophe	—			—			(74,555)			—			—		(74,555)
Prior accident years	41,152			71,925			39,609			(38,970)			(142)		113,574
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses	(199,001)			(214,103)			(333,795)			(29,646)			(697)		(777,242)
Underwriting profit (loss)	$	69,738		$	78,610		$	85,459		$	(54,293)		$	(1,260)	$	178,254

Services and other revenues	$	—		$	9,987		$	3,650		$	88		$	987	$	14,712
Services and other expenses	—			(2,740)			(2,572)			—			(5,709)		(11,021)
Services and other income (loss)	$	—		$	7,247		$	1,078		$	88		$	(4,722)	$	3,691

Current accident year loss ratio	63.9		%	63.5		%	55.2		%	86.7		%			61.6		%
Prior accident years loss ratio	(6.5)		%	(11.9)		%	(4.7)		%	36.3		%			(5.2)		%
Loss ratio	57.4		%	51.6		%	50.5		%	122.9		%			56.4		%
Expense ratio	31.5		%	35.4		%	39.4		%	27.6		%			35.5		%
Combined ratio	89.0		%	87.0		%	89.9		%	150.5		%			91.9		%

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	Quarter Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	U.S. Wholesale and Specialty			Programs and Solutions			International			Global Reinsurance			Other		Markel Insurance
Gross premium volume - underwriting	$	766,886		$	1,047,195		$	743,323		$	166,770		$	(3,768)	$	2,720,406
Gross premium volume - fronting	—			166,705			—			—			—		166,705
Gross premium volume	$	766,886		$	1,213,900		$	743,323		$	166,770		$	(3,768)	$	2,887,111
Net written premiums	$	635,484		$	720,905		$	637,793		$	162,858		$	(315)	$	2,156,725

Earned premiums	$	653,325		$	611,308		$	593,565		$	269,781		$	(331)	$	2,127,648
Losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Current accident year - attritional	(435,798)			(407,487)			(284,968)			(207,990)			(10,168)		(1,346,411)
Current accident year - catastrophe	133			4,312			(130)			—			—		4,315
Prior accident years	68,824			43,253			27,799			(1,798)			(8,978)		129,100
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses	(214,578)			(215,743)			(251,303)			(77,935)			386		(759,173)
Underwriting profit (loss)	$	71,906		$	35,643		$	84,963		$	(17,942)		$	(19,091)	$	155,479

Services and other revenues	$	—		$	27,039		$	7,903		$	6,804		$	448	$	42,194
Services and other expenses	—			(1,225)			(1,799)			—			5,262		2,238
Services and other income	$	—		$	25,814		$	6,104		$	6,804		$	5,710	$	44,432

Current accident year loss ratio	66.7		%	66.0		%	48.0		%	77.1		%			63.1		%
Prior accident years loss ratio	(10.5)		%	(7.1)		%	(4.7)		%	0.7		%			(6.1)		%
Loss ratio	56.1		%	58.9		%	43.3		%	77.8		%			57.0		%
Expense ratio	32.8		%	35.3		%	42.3		%	28.9		%			35.7		%
Combined ratio	89.0		%	94.2		%	85.7		%	106.7		%			92.7		%

U.S. Wholesale and Specialty

The 3% decreases in gross premium volume and earned premiums within the U.S. Wholesale and Specialty division for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 were primarily due to certain underwriting actions taken within our general liability product lines aimed at improving overall profitability and rebalancing our product mix, as well as lower rates within our property product lines. The U.S. Wholesale and Specialty division's combined ratio for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 was consistent with the third quarter of 2025 at 89% as the impact of a lower attritional loss ratio and expense ratio was offset by the impact of less favorable development on prior accident years loss reserves within our general liability product lines.

Programs and Solutions

The 37% decrease in underwriting gross premium volume within the Programs and Solutions division for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 was primarily attributable to the transition of the Hagerty business to a fronting arrangement and declines within our programs product lines. The 138% increase in fronting gross premium volume was primarily attributable to the transition of the Hagerty business to a fronting arrangement, partially offset by lower premiums on our property catastrophe programs with Nephila driven by rate decreases. The Programs and Solutions division's combined ratio for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 decreased seven points due to the impact of more favorable development on prior accident years loss reserves within our workers' compensation and property product lines, as well as a lower attritional loss ratio.

International

The 45% increase in gross premium volume and 43% increase in earned premiums within the International division for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 were driven by significant increases on our marine and energy product lines, as well as growth from our Asia Pacific and European platforms. The increases on our international marine and energy product lines were driven by higher marine war breach premiums, as previously discussed, as well as additional growth from new business. The International division combined ratio was 90% in the third quarter of 2026.

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Year-to-Date


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	U.S. Wholesale and Specialty			Programs and Solutions			International			Global Reinsurance			Other		Markel Insurance
Gross premium volume - underwriting	$	2,217,708		$	2,032,902		$	2,828,225		$	11,104		$	(1,026)	$	7,088,913
Gross premium volume - fronting	—			2,035,892			—			252,596			—		2,288,488
Gross premium volume	$	2,217,708		$	4,068,794		$	2,828,225		$	263,700		$	(1,026)	$	9,377,401
Net written premiums	$	1,922,522		$	1,699,081		$	2,395,292		$	(47,818)		$	(1,024)	$	5,968,053

Earned premiums	$	1,877,334		$	1,761,422		$	2,117,875		$	393,666		$	1,647	$	6,151,944
Losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Current accident year - attritional	(1,204,114)			(1,147,543)			(1,036,406)			(335,309)			1		(3,723,371)
Current accident year - catastrophe	—			—			(150,566)			—			—		(150,566)
Prior accident years	72,747			183,513			188,478			(59,024)			1,359		387,073
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses	(611,815)			(631,487)			(851,618)			(105,835)			(1,703)		(2,202,458)
Underwriting profit (loss)	$	134,152		$	165,905		$	267,763		$	(106,502)		$	1,304	$	462,622

Services and other revenues	$	—		$	18,814		$	7,443		$	837		$	3,563	$	30,657
Services and other expenses	—			(8,284)			(4,051)			—			(10,973)		(23,308)
Services and other income (loss)	$	—		$	10,530		$	3,392		$	837		$	(7,410)	$	7,349

Current accident year loss ratio	64.1		%	65.1		%	56.0		%	85.2		%			63.0		%
Prior accident years loss ratio	(3.9)		%	(10.4)		%	(8.9)		%	15.0		%			(6.3)		%
Loss ratio	60.3		%	54.7		%	47.1		%	100.2		%			56.7		%
Expense ratio	32.6		%	35.9		%	40.2		%	26.9		%			35.8		%
Combined ratio	92.9		%	90.6		%	87.4		%	127.1		%			92.5		%


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	U.S. Wholesale and Specialty			Programs and Solutions			International			Global Reinsurance			Other		Markel Insurance
Gross premium volume - underwriting	$	2,337,875		$	2,834,324		$	2,091,116		$	1,065,374		$	(6,054)	$	8,322,635
Gross premium volume - fronting	—			1,838,499			—			—			—		1,838,499
Gross premium volume	$	2,337,875		$	4,672,823		$	2,091,116		$	1,065,374		$	(6,054)	$	10,161,134
Net written premiums	$	1,914,426		$	1,885,274		$	1,799,035		$	963,940		$	(2,019)	$	6,560,656

Earned premiums	$	1,975,856		$	1,755,411		$	1,638,048		$	829,433		$	9,061	$	6,207,809
Losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Current accident year - attritional	(1,341,930)			(1,120,408)			(835,303)			(624,700)			(55,394)		(3,977,735)
Current accident year - catastrophe	(18,094)			(11,888)			(25,130)			(1,450)			—		(56,562)
Prior accident years	111,866			117,234			167,579			(33,658)			(6,150)		356,871
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses	(664,838)			(638,948)			(683,872)			(238,234)			(5,650)		(2,231,542)
Underwriting profit (loss)	$	62,860		$	101,401		$	261,322		$	(68,609)		$	(58,133)	$	298,841

Services and other revenues	$	—		$	36,273		$	9,829		$	6,804		$	185	$	53,091
Services and other expenses	—			(6,030)			(7,142)			—			(2,230)		(15,402)
Services and other income (loss)	$	—		$	30,243		$	2,687		$	6,804		$	(2,045)	$	37,689

Current accident year loss ratio	68.8		%	64.5		%	52.5		%	75.5		%			65.0		%
Prior accident years loss ratio	(5.7)		%	(6.7)		%	(10.2)		%	4.1		%			(5.7)		%
Loss ratio	63.2		%	57.8		%	42.3		%	79.5		%			59.2		%
Expense ratio	33.6		%	36.4		%	41.7		%	28.7		%			35.9		%
Combined ratio	96.8		%	94.2		%	84.0		%	108.3		%			95.2		%

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U.S. Wholesale and Specialty

The 5% decreases in gross premium volume and earned premiums within the U.S. Wholesale and Specialty division for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 were primarily due to certain underwriting actions taken within our general liability product lines aimed at improving overall profitability and rebalancing our product mix, as well as lower rates within our property product lines. The U.S. Wholesale and Specialty division's combined ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 decreased four points primarily due to a lower current accident year loss ratio and expense ratio, partially offset by the impact of less favorable development on prior accident years loss reserves, driven by our general liability product lines.

Programs and Solutions

The 28% decrease in underwriting gross premium volume within the Programs and Solutions division for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was primarily attributable to the transition of the Hagerty business to a fronting arrangement. The 11% increase in fronting gross premium volume was primarily attributable to the transition of the Hagerty business to a fronting arrangement, partially offset by lower premiums on our property catastrophe programs with Nephila driven by rate decreases. The Programs and Solutions division's combined ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 decreased four points primarily due to more favorable development on prior accident years loss reserves within our property and workers' compensation product lines.

International

The 35% increase in gross premium volume and 29% increase in earned premiums within the International division for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 were driven by the same factors as discussed on a quarter-to-date basis. The International division combined ratio was 87% for the nine months ended September 30, 2026.

Industrial

The Industrial segment is comprised of businesses that operate in the industrial sector. We measure the operating performance of our Industrial segment by its operating revenues and adjusted operating income, which represents operating income before amortization of acquired intangible assets. We consolidate the results of the businesses in the Industrial segment on a one-month lag, with the exception of significant transactions or events that occur during the intervening period. The following table summarizes the operating performance of our Industrial segment.


	Quarter Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		% Change		2026		2025		% Change
Operating revenues	$	1,181,602	$	1,049,961	13	%	$	3,102,728	$	2,895,250	7	%
Adjusted operating income	$	131,142	$	101,302	29	%	$	255,862	$	263,579	(3)	%

Quarter-to-Date

For the quarter ended September 30, 2026, the increase in operating revenues reflected organic growth and the contribution from an acquisition made by one of our businesses in December 2025. Organic revenue growth for our Industrial segment was 10% for the quarter ended September 30, 2026. Organic revenue growth is a non-GAAP financial measure. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for additional details.

For the quarter ended September 30, 2026, organic revenue growth was primarily attributable to increased demand for our precast concrete products, as well as higher sales volumes of our fire safety solutions, building products distribution services, and equipment leasing services, partially offset by lower sales volume of our car-hauling equipment, driven by a down cycle in demand for the industry.

For the quarter ended September 30, 2026, the increase in adjusted operating income was primarily attributable to higher margins on increased sales volume of our equipment leasing services, as well as the impact of increased demand for our fire safety solutions and precast concrete products, as previously discussed.

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Year-to-Date

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the increase in operating revenues reflected organic growth and the contribution from an acquisition made by one of our businesses in December 2025. Organic revenue growth for our Industrial segment was 5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2026. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, organic revenue growth was due to the same factors as discussed on a quarter-to-date basis.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the decrease in adjusted operating income was primarily attributable to a lower operating margin for the segment, due to changes in the mix of business and higher operating expenses at certain businesses.

Financial

The Financial segment is comprised of insurance services and investment management businesses that operate in the financial sector, including State National and Nephila. We measure the operating performance of our Financial segment by its operating revenues and adjusted operating income, which represents operating income before amortization of acquired intangible assets. The following table summarizes the operating performance of our Financial segment.


	Quarter Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		% Change		2026		2025		% Change
Operating revenues	$	182,032	$	161,501	13	%	$	514,910	$	512,834	0	%
Adjusted operating income (loss)	$	80,074	$	61,407	30	%	$	(32,661)	$	219,440	NM (1)

(1) NM - Not meaningful.

Quarter-to-Date

For the quarter ended September 30, 2026, the increase in operating revenues reflected 13% organic revenue growth, primarily attributable to higher management fees for our insurance-linked securities investment management services and higher earned premiums from our lender services offerings. For the quarter ended September 30, 2026, the increase in adjusted operating income was driven by the impact of higher revenues, as well as a lower combined ratio for our lender services offerings.

Year-to-Date

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, operating revenues were consistent with the same period of 2025, as organic revenue growth of 9% was largely offset by the impact of $41.4 million of income related to our minority investment in Velocity Holdco, LLC (Velocity) in 2025 following the sale of its managing general agent operations and insurance carrier.

Organic revenue growth was primarily attributable to higher management fees for our insurance-linked securities investment management services and higher earned premiums from our lender services offerings, partially offset by the impact of a $14.4 million impairment of an equity method investment in an asset management firm in the first quarter of 2026.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the decrease in adjusted operating income was primarily attributable to the impact of a $205.3 million provision for expected credit losses within our State National program services operations. Additionally, the decrease in adjusted operating income was due in part to the impact of the income related to our minority investment in Velocity in 2025 and an impairment of an equity method investment in 2026, as previously discussed.

The provision for expected credit losses within our State National program services operations relates to reinsurance recoverables due from a capacity provider that is currently in bankruptcy. In the second quarter of 2026, we completed an actuarial reserve assessment on the programs in which this capacity provider participated, which included a third-party actuarial reserve study, and increased our gross and ceded losses related to these programs. We do not expect to be able to obtain additional collateral from the capacity provider to secure the related increase in reinsurance recoverables and, therefore, recognized a $205.3 million provision for expected credit losses. See note 7 of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.

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Consumer and Other

The Consumer and Other segment is comprised of businesses that operate in the consumer sector, as well as a variety of other sectors, including information technology, real estate, and healthcare. We measure the operating performance of our Consumer and Other segment by its operating revenues and adjusted operating income, which represents operating income before amortization of acquired intangible assets. We consolidate the results of the businesses in the Consumer and Other segment on a one-month lag, with the exception of significant transactions or events that occur during the intervening period.

Costa Farms, which is the largest business in the Consumer and Other segment, is a seasonal ornamental plant business, with a significant portion of its sales occurring in the second quarter. The following table summarizes the operating performance of our Consumer and Other segment.


	Quarter Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		% Change		2026		2025		% Change
Operating revenues	$	296,309	$	291,414	2	%	$	1,128,780	$	1,108,426	2	%
Adjusted operating income	$	31,221	$	17,372	80	%	$	193,122	$	151,283	28	%

Quarter-to-Date

For the quarter ended September 30, 2026, the increase in operating revenues was primarily attributable to increased sales of ornamental plants and modest increases across our service offerings, partially offset by the impact of lower home sales volume. Revenue growth and organic revenue growth for our Consumer and Other segment were consistent at 2% for the quarter ended September 30, 2026. For the quarter ended September 30, 2026, the increase in adjusted operating income was attributable to modest increases across each of our businesses.

Year-to-Date

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the increase in operating revenues reflected the impact of a full nine-month contribution from Educational Partners International (EPI), which we began consolidating in the first quarter of 2025, and from an acquisition made by one of our businesses in April 2025. Organic revenue growth for our Consumer and Other segment was flat for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 as the impact of increased sales of ornamental plants was largely offset by the impact of lower home sales volume. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the increase in adjusted operating income was driven by higher margins on increased sales of ornamental plants and an increased contribution from EPI.

Corporate

The following table summarizes the results of our corporate operations, as well as a reconciliation to total corporate and eliminations as presented in the summary table of our consolidated results of operations. Our corporate operations include activities at our holding company, Markel Group Inc., and investments and loans to and from our operating businesses, which are held by other corporate subsidiaries. For further details of investment performance at our corporate operations, see "Consolidated Investment Results."


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Net investment income	$	24,122	$	26,351	$	80,690	$	82,084
Other revenues	40,609		21,021		55,007		38,496
Operating revenues	64,731		47,372		135,697		120,580
Operating expenses (1)	(10,289)		(20,806)		(43,256)		(20,806)
Corporate adjusted operating income	$	54,442	$	26,566	$	92,441	$	99,774
Markel Group consolidating eliminations	(10,379)		(14,105)		(34,377)		(36,537)
Corporate and eliminations adjusted operating income	$	44,063	$	12,461	$	58,064	$	63,237

(1) Prior to the third quarter of 2025, corporate expenses were fully allocated to our segments.

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Consolidated Investment Results

We measure our investment performance by analyzing net investment income, which reflects the recurring interest and dividend earnings on our investment portfolio. See note 3(d) of the notes to consolidated financial statements for details regarding the components of net investment income.

We also analyze net investment gains and losses, which are primarily comprised of unrealized gains and losses on our equity portfolio. Net investment gains or losses in any given period are typically attributable to changes in the fair value of our equity portfolio due to market value movements. Based on the potential for volatility in the financial markets, we understand that the level of gains or losses may vary from one period to the next, and therefore believe that our investment performance is best analyzed over longer periods of time. As of September 30, 2026, the fair value of our equity portfolio included cumulative pre-tax unrealized gains of $9.0 billion.

The following table summarizes our consolidated investment performance. Investing results are attributed to our businesses based on the subsidiary that holds the investments.


	Quarter Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026			2025			2026			2025
Net investment income	$	258,115		$	245,675		$	770,128		$	712,779
Yield on fixed maturity securities (1)	3.8		%	3.6		%	3.7		%	3.5		%
Yield on short-term investments (1)	3.5		%	3.9		%	3.3		%	3.8		%
Yield on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents (1)	2.8		%	3.3		%	2.8		%	3.3		%

Net realized investment gains (losses)	$	(523)		$	4,695		$	(1,413)		$	(13,702)
Change in fair value of equity securities	(280,386)			428,191			160,467			877,740
Net investment gains (losses)	$	(280,909)		$	432,886		$	159,054		$	864,038

Return on equity securities (2)	(1.8)		%	3.8		%	2.2		%	8.4		%

(1) Yield reflects the applicable annualized interest income as a percentage of the applicable monthly average invested assets at amortized cost.

(2) Return on equity securities is calculated by dividing dividends and the change in fair value of equity securities by the monthly average equity securities at fair value and considers the timing of net purchases and sales.

The increase in net investment income for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026 was driven by higher interest income on fixed maturity securities due to higher average holdings and higher yields in 2026 compared to 2025. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the increase was also driven by higher dividend income on equity securities. These increases were partially offset by lower interest income on cash and cash equivalents due to lower average yields and lower average holdings in 2026 compared to 2025.

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The following tables summarize the composition of our invested assets by segment. We hold investments across our operating businesses and at our holding company, with the majority of our investments held at our Markel Insurance business in support of its underwriting activities. Invested assets and the associated net investment income at our other reportable segments are primarily attributable to our Financial segment. Markel Insurance has also provided loans to a corporate subsidiary to fund certain non-insurance acquisitions. We evaluate these loans receivable similarly to invested assets held by Markel Insurance. Additionally, one of our corporate subsidiaries may, from time to time, provide loans to our operating businesses to fund strategic growth investments and projects. These intercompany loans receivable are presented in the tables below but are eliminated in consolidation.


	September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Other Reportable Segments		Corporate		Total
Fixed maturity securities	$	16,755,946	$	388,693	$	150,423	$	17,295,062
Equity securities	11,025,419		139,869		1,945,395		13,110,683
Short-term investments	1,261,728		231,697		1,275,667		2,769,092
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted	2,636,492		1,091,612		467,579		4,195,683
Invested assets	$	31,679,585	$	1,851,871	$	3,839,064	$	37,370,520

Intercompany loans receivable	$	728,000	$	—	$	195,260


	December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Other Reportable Segments		Corporate		Total
Fixed maturity securities	$	17,184,810	$	371,994	$	241,182	$	17,797,986
Equity securities	10,859,200		—		2,145,112		13,004,312
Short-term investments	757,540		229,261		1,046,861		2,033,662
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted	2,526,820		975,829		1,100,653		4,603,302
Invested assets	$	31,328,370	$	1,577,084	$	4,533,808	$	37,439,262

Intercompany loans receivable	$	728,000	$	—	$	269,176

The following tables summarize our investing results by segment. Intercompany interest relates to interest on intercompany loans.


	Quarter Ended September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Other Reportable Segments		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Interest:
Fixed maturity securities	$	166,120	$	3,059	$	1,862	$	—	$	171,041
Short-term investments	7,930		3,244		10,807		—		21,981
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted	21,185		4,299		4,570		—		30,054
Intercompany loans receivable	6,668		—		3,711		(10,379)		—
Dividends on equity securities	34,259		259		3,664		—		38,182
Investment expenses	(2,593)		(58)		(492)		—		(3,143)
Net investment income	$	233,569	$	10,803	$	24,122	$	(10,379)	$	258,115

Net investment losses	$	(215,268)	$	(10,118)	$	(55,523)	$	—	$	(280,909)

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	Quarter Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Other Reportable Segments		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Interest:
Fixed maturity securities	$	151,943	$	2,017	$	1,685	$	—	$	155,645
Short-term investments	8,251		2,512		8,643		—		19,406
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted	26,210		5,542		5,731		—		37,483
Intercompany loans receivable	7,072		—		7,033		(14,105)		—
Dividends on equity securities	32,162		—		3,600		—		35,762
Investment expenses	(2,229)		(51)		(341)		—		(2,621)
Net investment income	$	223,409	$	10,020	$	26,351	$	(14,105)	$	245,675

Net investment gains	$	389,438	$	—	$	43,448	$	—	$	432,886


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Other Reportable Segments		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Interest:
Fixed maturity securities	$	489,438	$	9,010	$	6,113	$	—	$	504,561
Short-term investments	19,357		7,627		29,800		—		56,784
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted	58,125		12,653		18,529		—		89,307
Intercompany loans receivable	20,004		—		14,373		(34,377)		—
Dividends on equity securities	117,328		259		13,758		—		131,345
Investment expenses	(9,841)		(145)		(1,883)		—		(11,869)
Net investment income	$	694,411	$	29,404	$	80,690	$	(34,377)	$	770,128

Net investment gains (losses)	$	261,102	$	(9,749)	$	(92,299)	$	—	$	159,054


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance		Other Reportable Segments		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Interest:
Fixed maturity securities	$	435,626	$	5,267	$	3,926	$	—	$	444,819
Short-term investments	21,675		8,025		28,959		—		58,659
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted	73,780		15,456		23,744		—		112,980
Intercompany loans receivable	21,819		—		14,718		(36,537)		—
Dividends on equity securities	98,460		—		12,309		—		110,769
Investment expenses	(12,706)		(170)		(1,572)		—		(14,448)
Net investment income	$	638,654	$	28,578	$	82,084	$	(36,537)	$	712,779

Net investment gains	$	745,816	$	—	$	118,222	$	—	$	864,038

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Consolidated Underwriting Reconciliation

The following table reconciles our Markel Insurance segment underwriting results to our consolidated underwriting results. State National's underwriting results are included in our Financial segment.


	Quarter Ended September 30,
	2026											2025
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance			State National			Eliminations		Consolidated			Markel Insurance			State National			Eliminations		Consolidated
Gross premium volume:
Underwriting	$	2,486,250		$	86,818		$	—	$	2,573,068		$	2,720,406		$	82,014		$	—	$	2,802,420
Fronting	419,040			1,059,330			(61,053)		1,417,317			166,705			961,450			(71,682)		1,056,473
Total	$	2,905,290		$	1,146,148		$	(61,053)	$	3,990,385		$	2,887,111		$	1,043,464		$	(71,682)	$	3,858,893

Earned premiums	$	2,190,244		$	85,264		$	—	$	2,275,508		$	2,127,648		$	78,125		$	—	$	2,205,773
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(1,234,748)			(40,857)			—		(1,275,605)			(1,212,996)			(40,830)			—		(1,253,826)
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses	(777,242)			(20,937)			—		(798,179)			(759,173)			(23,328)			—		(782,501)
Underwriting profit	$	178,254		$	23,470		$	—	$	201,724		$	155,479		$	13,967		$	—	$	169,446

Combined Ratio	91.9		%	72.5		%			91.1		%	92.7		%	82.1		%			92.3		%


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2026											2025
(dollars in thousands)	Markel Insurance			State National			Eliminations		Consolidated			Markel Insurance			State National			Eliminations		Consolidated
Gross premium volume:
Underwriting	$	7,088,913		$	240,453		$	—	$	7,329,366		$	8,322,635		$	231,469		$	—	$	8,554,104
Fronting	2,288,488			2,947,389			(217,662)		5,018,215			1,838,499			2,997,058			(168,047)		4,667,510
Total	$	9,377,401		$	3,187,842		$	(217,662)	$	12,347,581		$	10,161,134		$	3,228,527		$	(168,047)	$	13,221,614

Earned premiums	$	6,151,944		$	244,228		$	—	$	6,396,172		$	6,207,809		$	229,029		$	—	$	6,436,838
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(3,486,864)			(142,709)			—		(3,629,573)			(3,677,426)			(119,099)			—		(3,796,525)
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses	(2,202,458)			(71,360)			—		(2,273,818)			(2,231,542)			(72,608)			—		(2,304,150)
Underwriting profit	$	462,622		$	30,159		$	—	$	492,781		$	298,841		$	37,322		$	—	$	336,163

Combined ratio	92.5		%	87.7		%			92.3		%	95.2		%	83.7		%			94.8		%

Other

The following table presents the components of consolidated net income that are not allocated to our operating segments.


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		2026			2025
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	$	43,256	$	44,061	$	130,070		$	142,216

Interest expense	$	50,864	$	50,678	$	154,140		$	155,894
Net foreign exchange (gains) losses	$	(14,386)	$	(19,279)	$	(79,041)		$	245,263
Income tax expense	$	76,617	$	214,656	$	343,904		$	428,230

Effective tax rate					22		%	21		%

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Net Foreign Exchange Gains and Losses

Net foreign exchange gains and losses are primarily due to the remeasurement of our foreign currency denominated insurance loss reserves to the U.S. Dollar. The predominant foreign currencies within our insurance operations are the Euro and the British Pound. The U.S. Dollar strengthened against the Euro and the British Pound during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026. The U.S. Dollar strengthened against the British Pound and remained relatively stable against the Euro during the quarter ended September 30, 2025. The U.S. Dollar weakened against the Euro and the British Pound during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Our exposure to foreign currency exchange rates is largely hedged through our available-for-sale investment portfolio, where we hold securities that generally match the currencies of our loss reserves. We also purchase foreign currency forward contracts to manage unmatched foreign currency exposures.

Pre-tax net foreign exchange gains and losses attributed to changes in exchange rates on available-for-sale securities supporting our insurance reserves, which are included in the changes in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments in other comprehensive income (loss), were losses of $8.6 million and $63.1 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2026 compared to losses of $25.0 million and gains of $197.7 million for the same periods of 2025.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Shareholders

The following table summarizes the components of other comprehensive income (loss) to shareholders.


	Quarter Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments, net of taxes	$	(433,579)	$	47,278	$	(627,112)	$	468,167
Other, net of taxes	17,990		(5,537)		15,922		9,907
Other comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		49		(54)		35
Other comprehensive income (loss) to shareholders	$	(415,589)	$	41,790	$	(611,244)	$	478,109

The change in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments in any given period is typically attributable to changes in the fair value of our fixed maturity portfolio due to changes in interest rates during the period, and, to a lesser extent, changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

As of September 30, 2026, 97% of our fixed maturity portfolio was rated "AA" or better.

Financial Condition

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We seek to maintain prudent levels of liquidity and financial leverage for the benefit and protection of our policyholders, creditors, and shareholders. Our consolidated debt to capital ratio was 19% at both September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, which is within the range of our target capital structure.

Investments, cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents (invested assets) were $37.4 billion at both September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Our holding company had $3.6 billion and $4.4 billion of invested assets at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The decrease in invested assets at our holding company was primarily attributable to cash used to repurchase shares of our common stock. For further details on the composition of our invested assets, see "Consolidated Investment Results."

We have a share repurchase program, authorized by our Board of Directors, that provides for the repurchase of up to $2 billion of common stock. As of September 30, 2026, $832.6 million remained available for repurchase under the program. This share repurchase program has no expiration date but may be terminated by the Board of Directors at any time.

We may from time to time seek to prepay, retire, or repurchase our outstanding senior notes, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. Those prepayments, retirements, or repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions, and other factors.

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We have access to various capital sources, including dividends from our subsidiaries, holding company invested assets, undrawn capacity under our revolving credit facility, and access to the debt and equity capital markets. We believe we have, or have access to, adequate liquidity to meet our capital and operating needs, including that which may be required to support the operating needs of our subsidiaries. However, the availability of these sources of capital and the availability and terms of future financings will depend on a variety of factors.

Cash Flows

Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 compared to $2.1 billion for the same period of 2025. Operating cash flows in 2026 reflected a $240.9 million decline in premium collections within our run-off Global Reinsurance division and net payments totaling $107.7 million to reinsure our exposures on our Hagerty business following its transition to a fronting arrangement. Additionally, lower operating cash flows for Markel Insurance in 2026 reflected higher net claims payments, partially offset by higher net premium collections from our ongoing divisions and higher cash flows from investments. The decrease in operating cash flows was also due in part to lower operating cash flows from our Financial and Industrial segments.

Net cash used by investing activities was $1.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 compared to $635.9 million for the same period of 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, net cash used by investing activities included net purchases of short-term investments and fixed maturity securities of $690.2 million and $210.7 million, respectively, and net sales of equity securities of $54.1 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash used by investing activities included net purchases of fixed maturity securities and equity securities of $877.3 million and $126.6 million, respectively, and net sales of short-term investments of $473.1 million. Cash flows from investing activities are affected by various factors such as anticipated payment of claims, financing activity, acquisition opportunities, and individual buy and sell decisions made in the normal course of our investment portfolio management.

Net cash used by financing activities was $749.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 compared to $1.1 billion for the same period of 2025. Cash of $685.3 million and $344.0 million was used to repurchase shares of our common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Additionally, financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 reflected borrowings and repayments of debt at certain of our operating businesses, primarily on revolving lines of credit. Net cash used by financing activities in 2025 also included $600.0 million of cash used to redeem our preferred stock.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Markel Group utilizes certain non-GAAP measures that we believe enhance the understanding of our performance. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for measures determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Consolidated Adjusted Operating Income

Consolidated adjusted operating income, which excludes net investment gains and losses, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and impairment of goodwill, is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe adjusted operating income is generally an accurate representation of the operating performance of our businesses in our periodic results. Net investment gains and losses are predominantly derived from our investments in publicly traded equity securities and typically include significant unrealized gains and losses from market value movements. We believe that net investment gains and losses, whether realized from sales or unrealized from market value movements, are distortive in understanding the short-term operating performance of our businesses. We do not view amortization of intangible assets and impairment of goodwill, which arise from purchase accounting for acquisitions, as ongoing costs of operating our businesses, and therefore exclude those amounts from our adjusted operating income metric.

Combined Ratio and Current Accident Year Loss Ratio, Excluding Current Year Catastrophe Events

We use underwriting profit or loss and the combined ratio as a basis for evaluating our underwriting performance. The U.S. GAAP combined ratio is a measure of underwriting performance and represents the relationship of incurred losses, loss adjustment expenses, and underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses to earned premiums. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss ratio and the expense ratio.

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When analyzing our loss ratio, we typically evaluate losses and loss adjustment expenses attributable to the current accident year separately from losses and loss adjustment expenses attributable to prior accident years. Prior accident year reserve development, which can either be favorable or unfavorable, represents changes in our estimates of losses and loss adjustment expenses related to loss events that occurred in prior years. We believe a discussion of the current accident year loss ratio that excludes prior accident year reserve development is helpful in most cases since it provides more insight into estimates of current underwriting performance and excludes changes in estimates related to prior year loss reserves.

In addition to the U.S. GAAP combined ratio, loss ratio, and expense ratio, we also evaluate our underwriting performance using measures that exclude the impacts of certain items on these ratios. We believe these adjusted measures, which are non‑GAAP measures, provide financial statement users with a better understanding of the significant factors that comprise our underwriting results and how management evaluates underwriting performance.

When analyzing our combined ratio, we exclude current accident year losses and loss adjustment expenses attributed to natural catastrophes and certain other significant, infrequent loss events, such as the Middle East conflict. Gross and ceded losses for certain events may also result in receipt or payment of reinstatement premiums, which, if significant, may also be excluded when analyzing our combined ratio. Due to the unique characteristics of these events, there is inherent variability as to the timing and amount of the loss, which cannot be predicted in advance. We believe measures that exclude the effects of such events are meaningful to understand the underlying trends and variability in our underwriting results that may be obscured by these items.

We also analyze our current accident year loss ratio excluding losses and loss adjustment expenses attributable to catastrophes and other significant, infrequent loss events. The current accident year loss ratio excluding the impact of catastrophes and other significant, infrequent loss events is commonly referred to as an attritional loss ratio within the property and casualty insurance industry.

The components of Markel Insurance's combined ratios, including these non-GAAP measures, are included in "Markel Insurance".

Adjusted Underwriting Gross Premium Volume

Adjusted underwriting gross premium volume is a non-GAAP measure that excludes underwriting gross premium volume from the Global Reinsurance division and our business with Hagerty for all periods. In August 2025, Markel Insurance sold the renewal rights for contracts written through its Global Reinsurance division, and the division entered into run-off, which resulted in a significant decline in underwriting gross premium volume. Beginning on January 1, 2026, Markel Insurance's business written on behalf of Hagerty transitioned from being an underwriting product to a fronting arrangement, which resulted in a change in the presentation of the related gross premium volume and therefore, a significant decline in underwriting gross premium volume. We believe adjusted underwriting gross premium volume is a meaningful measure when comparing underwriting gross premium volume from period-to-period as it adjusts for the impact of these significant contractual restructuring changes within the Markel Insurance segment. The following table reconciles underwriting gross premium volume to adjusted underwriting gross premium volume.


	Quarter Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2026		2025		% Change		2026		2025		% Change
Underwriting gross premium volume	$	2,486,250	$	2,720,406	(9)	%	$	7,088,913	$	8,322,635	(15)	%
Less: Global Reinsurance division underwriting gross premium volume	3,752		166,770				11,104		1,065,374
Less: Hagerty underwriting gross premium volume	—		284,630				—		808,663
Adjusted underwriting gross premium volume	$	2,482,498	$	2,269,006	9	%	$	7,077,809	$	6,448,598	10	%

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Organic Revenue Growth

Organic revenue growth is a non-GAAP measure. We believe organic revenue growth is a meaningful measure as it provides growth in comparable revenues from period-to-period by adjusting for the impact of acquisitions and dispositions. For acquisitions and dispositions, the calculation of organic revenue growth excludes the revenue of the business from the two periods being compared unless our consolidated results include a full period of revenue from the business for both periods. The following table reconciles revenue growth to organic revenue growth.


	Quarter Ended September 30, 2026		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026
Industrial segment:
Revenue growth	12.5	%	7.2	%
Impact of inorganic activity	(2.1)	%	(2.2)	%
Organic revenue growth	10.4	%	5.0	%

Financial segment:
Revenue growth	12.7	%	0.4	%
Impact of inorganic activity	—	%	8.2	%
Organic revenue growth	12.7	%	8.6	%

Consumer and Other segment:
Revenue growth	1.7	%	1.8	%
Impact of inorganic activity	—	%	(1.6)	%
Organic revenue growth	1.7	%	0.2	%

Critical Accounting Estimates

Critical accounting estimates are those estimates that both are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require us to exercise significant judgment. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of material contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates, by necessity, are based on assumptions about numerous factors.

Our critical accounting estimates consist of estimates and assumptions used in determining the reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses as well as estimates and assumptions used in the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets. We review the adequacy of reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses quarterly. Estimates and assumptions for goodwill and intangible assets are reviewed in conjunction with acquisitions and impairment assessments. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are reassessed for impairment at least annually. All intangible assets, including goodwill, are also reviewed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Actual results may differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

Readers are urged to review our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a more complete description of our critical accounting estimates.

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Safe Harbor and Cautionary Statement

This report contains statements concerning or incorporating our expectations, assumptions, plans, objectives, future financial or operating performance and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements may use words such as "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "predict," "project," and similar expressions as they relate to us or our management.

There are risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from predicted results in forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ are often presented with the forward-looking statements themselves. Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ from those predicted are set forth under Item 1 Business, Item 1A Risk Factors, Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K or under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," and "Risk Factors" in this report, or are included in the items listed below:

•the effect of cyclical trends or changes in market conditions on our operations, including demand and pricing in the markets in which we operate;

•actions by competitors, including the use of technology (e.g., artificial intelligence) and innovation to simplify the customer experience, increase efficiencies, redesign products, alter models, and effect other potentially disruptive changes, and the effect of competition on market trends and pricing;

•our efforts to develop new products, expand in targeted markets, or improve business processes and workflows, including through the use of artificial intelligence, may not be successful, may cost more, or take longer than expected and may increase or create new risks (e.g., insufficient demand, change to risk exposures, distribution channel conflicts, execution risk, regulatory risk, increased expenditures);

•the frequency and severity of natural, health-related, and man-made catastrophes, including regional or military conflicts, may exceed expectations, are unpredictable and, in the case of some natural catastrophes, may be exacerbated by changing conditions in the climate, oceans and atmosphere, resulting in increased frequency and/or severity of extreme weather-related events;

•we offer coverage against terrorist acts in connection with some of our programs, and in other instances we are legally required to offer terrorism insurance; in both circumstances, we actively manage our exposure, but if there is a covered terrorist attack, we could sustain material losses;

•emerging claim and coverage issues, changing industry practices, and evolving legal, judicial, social, and other claims, and coverage trends or conditions, can increase the scope of coverage, the frequency and severity of claims, and the period over which claims may be reported; these factors, as well as uncertainties in the loss estimation process, can adversely impact the adequacy of our loss reserves and our allowance for reinsurance recoverables;

•reserves for our run-off reinsurance business are subject to greater uncertainty than insurance reserves, primarily because of reliance upon the original underwriting decisions made by ceding companies and the longer lapse of time from the occurrence of loss events to their reporting to the reinsurer for ultimate resolution;

•the adverse development cover reinsurance transaction may not close when expected or at all, including as a result of delays in obtaining required regulatory approval or satisfying other closing conditions, and the financial and accounting effects of the transaction, including its impact on underwriting results, may differ from management’s current estimates;

•failures, inadequacies, or inaccuracies (whether due to data error, human error, artificial intelligence hallucination or generation, or otherwise) in the various methods, modeling techniques, and data analytics (e.g., scenarios, predictive and stochastic modeling, and forecasting) we use to analyze and estimate exposures, loss trends, and other risks associated with our insurance businesses could cause us to misprice our products or fail to appropriately estimate the risks to which we are exposed;

•changes in the assumptions and estimates used in establishing reserves for our life and annuity reinsurance book (which is in run-off), for example, changes in assumptions and estimates of mortality, longevity, morbidity, and interest rates, could result in material changes in our estimated loss reserves for that business;

•adverse developments in insurance coverage litigation or other legal or administrative proceedings could result in material increases in our estimates of loss reserves;

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•initial loss estimates for catastrophes and other significant, infrequent loss events are often based on limited information, are dependent on broad assumptions about the nature and extent of losses, coverage, liability and reinsurance, and those losses may ultimately differ materially from our expectations;

•changes in the availability, costs, quality, and providers of reinsurance coverage, which may impact our ability to write, or continue to write, certain lines of business or to mitigate the volatility of losses on our results of operations and financial condition;

•the ability or willingness of reinsurers to pay balances due may be adversely affected by industry and economic conditions, deterioration in reinsurer credit quality and coverage disputes, and collateral we hold, if any, may not be sufficient to cover a reinsurer's obligation to us;

•regulatory actions affecting our insurance companies can impede our ability to charge adequate rates and efficiently allocate capital;

•general economic and market conditions and industry specific conditions, including: extended economic recessions or expansions; prolonged periods of slow economic growth; inflation or deflation; significant fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity and energy prices, and interest rates; volatility in the credit and capital markets; the imposition of duties, tariffs and other changes in international trade regulation, and other factors;

•economic conditions, actual or potential defaults in corporate bonds, municipal bonds, mortgage-backed securities or sovereign debt obligations, volatility in interest and foreign currency exchange rates, changes in U.S. government debt ratings, and changes in market value of concentrated investments can have a significant impact on the fair value of our fixed maturity securities and equity securities, as well as the carrying value of our other assets and liabilities, and this impact may be heightened by market volatility and our ability to mitigate our sensitivity to these changing conditions;

•the effects of government intervention, including material changes in the monetary policies of central banks, to address financial downturns, inflation, and other economic and currency concerns;

•the impacts that political and civil unrest and regional and military conflicts may have on our businesses and the markets they serve or that any disruptions in regional or worldwide economic conditions generally arising from these situations may have on our businesses, industries, or investments;

•the impacts of liability, transition, and physical risks associated with climate change;

•the significant volatility, uncertainty, and disruption caused by health epidemics and pandemics, as well as governmental, legislative, judicial, or regulatory actions or developments in response thereto;

•changes in U.S. tax laws, regulations, or interpretations, or in the tax laws, regulations, or interpretations of other jurisdictions in which we operate, and adjustments we may make in our operations or tax strategies in response to those changes;

•a failure or security breach of, or cyberattack on, enterprise information technology systems that we, or third parties who perform certain functions for us, use, or a failure to comply with data protection or privacy regulations or regulations related to the use of artificial intelligence or machine learning technology;

•third-party providers may perform poorly, breach their obligations to us, or expose us to enhanced risks;

•our acquisitions may increase our operational and internal control risks for a period of time;

•we may not realize the contemplated benefits, including cost savings and synergies, of our acquisitions;

•any developments requiring the write-off of a significant portion of our goodwill and intangible assets;

•the loss of services of any senior executive or other key personnel, or an inability to attract and retain qualified leaders to run any of our businesses could adversely impact one or more of our operations;

•the decentralized manner in which our businesses operate through independent local management teams could result in inconsistent management, governance, and oversight practices;

•our substantial international operations and investments expose us to increased political, civil, operational, and economic risks, including foreign currency exchange rate and credit risk;

•our ability to obtain additional capital for our operations on terms favorable to us;

•economic conditions, which may adversely affect our access to capital and credit markets;

•the compliance, or failure to comply, with covenants and other requirements under our credit facilities, senior debt, and other indebtedness;

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•our ability to maintain or raise third-party capital for existing or new investment vehicles and risks related to our management of third-party capital;

•the effectiveness of our procedures for compliance with existing and future guidelines, policies, and legal and regulatory standards, rules, laws, and regulations;

•the impact of economic and trade sanctions and embargo programs on our businesses, including instances in which the requirements and limitations imposed on the global operations of our companies by one or more jurisdictions are more restrictive than, or conflict with, applicable requirements and limitations imposed by other jurisdictions;

•regulatory changes or challenges by regulators, including regarding the use of certain issuing carrier or fronting arrangements;

•our dependence on a limited number of brokers for a large portion of our insurance revenues;

•adverse changes in our assigned financial strength or debt ratings, or outlook, could adversely impact us, including our ability to attract and retain business, the amount of capital our insurance subsidiaries must hold, and the availability and cost of capital;

•changes in the amount of statutory capital our insurance subsidiaries are required to hold, which can vary significantly and is based on many factors, some of which are outside our control;

•market fluctuations in the value of the equity securities we hold, both at our insurance subsidiaries and our holding company, can significantly impact our periodic results and the amount of statutory capital our insurance subsidiaries are required to hold;

•losses from litigation and regulatory investigations and actions;

•disruptions resulting from a threatened proxy contest or other actions by activist shareholders;

•considerations and limitations relating to the use of growth in intrinsic value as a performance metric, including the possibility that shareholders, analysts, or other market participants may have a different perception of our intrinsic value, which may result in growth in our stock price varying significantly from our growth in intrinsic value calculations; and

•a number of additional factors may adversely affect our Industrial, Financial, and Consumer and Other businesses, and the markets they serve, and negatively impact their revenues and profitability, including, among others: adverse weather conditions, plant disease, and other contaminants; changes in government support for education, healthcare, and infrastructure projects; changes in capital spending levels; changes in the housing, commercial, and industrial construction markets; liability for environmental matters; supply chain and shipping issues, including increases in freight costs; volatility in the market prices for their products; and volatility in commodity, wholesale, and raw materials prices, and interest and foreign currency exchange rates.

Results from our operations have been and will continue to be potentially materially affected by these factors.

By making forward-looking statements, we do not intend to become obligated to publicly update or revise any such statements whether as a result of new information, future events, or other changes. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which are based on our current knowledge and speak only as at their dates.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk is the risk of economic losses due to adverse changes in the estimated fair value of a financial instrument as the result of changes in equity prices, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and commodity prices. Our consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities with estimated fair values that are subject to market risk. Our primary market risks are equity price risk associated with investments in equity securities, interest rate risk associated with investments in fixed maturity securities and foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with our international operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, there were no material changes in our market risk exposures from those described in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Credit Risk

Credit risk, which is not considered a market risk, is the risk that an entity becomes unable or unwilling to fulfill its obligations to us. Our primary credit risks are the credit risk within our fixed maturity portfolio and the credit risk related to our reinsurance recoverables.

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In the second quarter of 2026, we recorded a $205.3 million provision for expected credit losses on reinsurance recoverables within State National's program services fronting operations, all of which related to one capacity provider that is currently in bankruptcy. See note 7 of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, there were no other material changes in our credit risk exposures from those described in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (Disclosure Controls), as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). This evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Principal Executive Officer (PEO) and the Principal Financial Officer (PFO).

Based upon this evaluation, the PEO and PFO concluded that effective Disclosure Controls were in place to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the third quarter of 2026, one of our largest operating businesses implemented a new enterprise resource planning system. The new system allows for improved functionality and provides scalability for future growth. Throughout the transition and upon implementation, we evaluated the impact of the new system on our internal controls over financial reporting and made updates to controls as necessary. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the third quarter of 2026 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

The disclosure below supplements risk factors previously disclosed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risks and uncertainties, along with those previously disclosed, could materially adversely affect our businesses, results of operations, or financial condition.

Our adoption and use of artificial intelligence (AI), which is an evolving and rapidly developing technology, and the use of AI by third parties, may expose us to additional risks. We use, and expect to increasingly use, artificial intelligence, machine-learning, predictive analytics, and automated decision-making tools, including generative artificial intelligence, across many parts of our business, including underwriting, pricing, claims handling, fraud detection, and customer engagement. These technologies may not perform as intended and may produce inaccurate, incomplete, biased, or otherwise flawed outputs or analytics, or may be misinterpreted or misused by our employees, which could result in mispricing of risks, under-reserving or over-reserving of claims, assumption of unintended risks, operational disruption, inconsistent or unintended outcomes, or other adverse effects on our business and financial condition. We may also be exposed to additional operational, technological, security, reputational, legal, and regulatory risks related to its use, or third-party use, of artificial intelligence. These risks may arise from the misuse or inadvertent disclosure of personal data or sensitive or confidential information; unforeseen exposures or coverage issues under the policies we write; AI-related ethical considerations including the potential for algorithmic bias or unfair discrimination; failures or limitations in oversight, governance, or controls relating to AI systems; or potential intellectual property, contractual, or other legal issues associated with AI use. In addition, artificial intelligence may be used by threat actors to identify vulnerabilities, facilitate fraud, including insurance claims fraud, or to conduct more sophisticated cyberattacks, which could result in unauthorized access to or disclosure of data, litigation, regulatory action, or reputational harm.

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Artificial intelligence also presents competitive and strategic risks. Competitors, technology companies, or other market participants may adopt artificial intelligence more quickly or effectively than we do, may be able to reverse-engineer or replicate our AI capabilities, or may have access to data or capabilities that we do not. The rapid pace of AI development may also require us to make significant and ongoing investments in technology, talent, and infrastructure to remain competitive. Questions regarding ownership of AI-generated content or inventions could create legal uncertainties. If we are unable to appropriately develop, deploy, or govern these technologies, attract and retain personnel with the necessary AI expertise, protect our AI-generated content or inventions, or if we adopt these technologies without sufficient controls, we may fail to achieve expected benefits, incur increased costs, or be placed at a competitive disadvantage, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Any of these risks or other unanticipated AI-related risks could materially adversely affect our businesses, financial condition, or results of operations. See also, "Third-party providers may perform poorly, breach their obligations to us, or expose us to enhanced risks," "Our efforts to develop new products, expand in targeted markets, or improve business processes and workflows may not be successful and may increase or create new risks" and "Information technology systems that we use could fail or suffer a security breach or cyberattack, which could have a material adverse effect on us or result in the loss of regulated or sensitive information" in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K in Item 1A Risk Factors.

Our businesses, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected by ongoing regional or military conflicts and related disruptions in the global economy. The global economy has been, and may in the future be, negatively impacted by regional or military conflicts, for example, the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East, following U.S. and Israeli airstrikes on Iran. We may have operations in areas affected by a conflict, and some of our businesses may be adversely affected by a conflict and its effects. Within our underwriting operations, we have insurance contracts with exposure to losses attributed or corollary to a conflict, such as losses related to our coverage of ships, cargo, trade credit, and inventory. For example, we underwrite insurance policies covering risks in the Middle East and have incurred losses from the Middle East conflict attributed to marine war, terrorism, and energy coverages written by the Markel Insurance International division, which we discuss under Part I Item 2 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Additionally, our investment portfolio has experienced, and may continue to experience, adverse market value movements attributable to market reactions to developments in the Middle East, including fluctuations in energy prices, and broader equity and fixed income market volatility. Our other operations also may have direct exposure to customers and vendors in an affected area. Certain of our businesses may experience shortages in materials and increased costs for transportation, energy, and raw materials due in part to the negative impact of a conflict on the global economy.

Furthermore, governments in the U.S., U.K., and E.U., among others, may impose export controls on certain products and financial and economic sanctions on certain industry sectors and parties in affected areas. These export controls and sanctions, or our failure to comply with them, could result in restrictions on our ability to do business in one or more of the jurisdictions in which we conduct business or have the other adverse effects previously discussed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K in Item 1A Risk Factors under "We are subject to laws and regulations relating to economic and trade sanctions and bribery and corruption, the violation of which could have a material adverse effect on us."

We are unable to predict the impact an ongoing conflict may have on our businesses or the global economy. The impact of geopolitical tensions related to these conflicts, including increased trade barriers or restrictions on global trade, is unknown and could result in, among other things, heightened cybersecurity threats, supply disruptions, disruptions to our operations, protracted or increased inflation, increased energy costs, lower consumer demand, fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates, and increased volatility in financial markets, any of which could adversely affect our businesses, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, an ongoing conflict may have the effect of triggering or intensifying many of the risks described in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K in Item 1A Risk Factors.

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Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table summarizes our common share repurchases for the quarter ended September 30, 2026.


Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
	(a)	(b)		(c)	(d)
	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands)
July 1, 2026 through July 31, 2026	30,612	$	1,958.69	30,612	$	1,079,564
August 1, 2026 through August 31, 2026	104,858	$	1,834.79	104,858	$	887,172
September 1, 2026 through September 30, 2026	30,660	$	1,779.70	30,660	$	832,606
Total	166,130	$	1,847.45	166,130	$	832,606

(1) The Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to $2 billion of our common shares pursuant to a share repurchase program publicly announced in November 2024. Under our share repurchase program, we may repurchase outstanding common shares of our stock from time to time in privately negotiated or open market transactions, including under plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 and Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The share repurchase program has no expiration date but may be terminated by the Board at any time.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Adoption or Termination of Trading Arrangements by Directors or Officers

During the Company's quarterly period ended September 30, 2026, no director or officer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 16a-1(f)) of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" as defined in Regulation S-K Item 408.

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Item 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit No.			Document Description

3.1			Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission May 22, 2026)

3.2			Bylaws, as amended and restated February 25, 2026 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 in the Registrant's report on Form 8 -K filed with the Commission February 26, 2026 )

4.1(a)			Indenture dated as of June 5, 2001, between Markel Corporation and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission June 5, 2001)

4.1(b)			Form of Third Supplemental Indenture dated as of August 13, 2004, between Markel Corporation and JPMorgan Chase Bank (formerly known as The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee, including form of the securities as Exhibit A (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission August 11, 2004)

4.1(c)			Form of Ninth Supplemental Indenture dated as of March 8, 2013, between Markel Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon (as successor to The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee, including form of the securities as Exhibit A (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission March 7, 2013)

4.1(d)			Form of Tenth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 5, 2016, between Markel Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon (as successor to The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee, including form of the securities as Exhibit A (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission March 31, 2016)

4.1(e)			Eleventh Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 2, 2017, between Markel Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon (as successor to The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee, including form of the securities as Exhibit A (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission November 2, 2017)

4.1(f)			Twelfth Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 2, 2017, between Markel Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon (as successor to The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee, including form of the securities as Exhibit A (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission November 2, 2017)

4.1(g)			Thirteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 20, 2019, between Markel Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon (as successor to The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee, including form of the securities as Exhibit A (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission May 20, 2019)

4.1(h)			Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 17, 2019, between Markel Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon (as successor to The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee, including form of the securities as Exhibit A (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission September 17, 2019)

4.1(i)			Fifteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 17, 2019, between Markel Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon (as successor to The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee, including form of the securities as Exhibit A (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission September 17, 2019)

4.1(j)			Sixteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 7, 2021, between Markel Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon (as successor to The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee, including form of the securities as Exhibit A (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission May 7, 2021)

4.1(k)			Seventeenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 16, 2024, between Markel Group Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon (as successor to The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee, including form of the securities as Exhibit A (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 in the Registrant's report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission May 16, 2024)

The registrant hereby agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, a copy of all other instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the registrant and its subsidiaries.

31.1			Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)*

31.2			Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)*

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32.1			Certification furnished Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350*

101			The following consolidated financial statements from Markel Group Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2026, filed on October 28, 2026, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.*
104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

* Filed with this report

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, this 28th day of October 2026.


			Markel Group Inc.

			By:			/s/ Thomas S. Gayner
						Thomas S. Gayner
						Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
						(Principal Executive Officer)

			By:			/s/ Brian J. Costanzo
						Brian J. Costanzo
						Chief Financial Officer
						(Principal Financial Officer)