Interest Rate Risk. The value of fixed income securities may decline because of increases in interest rates or rise because of decreases in interest rates. The value of a fixed income security with greater duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a similar security with shorter duration. The prices of fixed income securities with shorter duration generally will be less affected by changes in interest rates than the prices of fixed income securities with greater duration. A low interest rate environment may present greater interest rate risk, because there may be a greater likelihood of rates increasing and rates may increase more rapidly. Changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments or changes in economic conditions may affect the level of interest rates, which could have sudden or unpredictable effects on the markets. A sudden or unpredictable rise or decline in interest rates may cause volatility and reduced liquidity in the markets, which could make it more difficult for the Fund to sell its investments at a time when it may be advantageous to do so and could cause the value of the Fund’s investments to decline, potentially suddenly and significantly.

Asset-Backed, Mortgage-Related, and Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Borrowers may default on the obligations that underlie ABS, mortgage-related securities, and MBS. During periods of rising interest rates, the Fund may be subject to extension risk and may receive principal later than it had expected, causing the Fund to experience additional volatility. During periods of falling interest rates, ABS, mortgage-related securities, and MBS may be called or prepaid, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest proceeds in other investments at a lower interest rate. CMOs, MBS, ARMs, IOs, POs, and inverse floaters may be more volatile and may be more sensitive to interest rate changes and prepayments than other mortgage-related securities. The impairment of the value of the collateral underlying a security in which the Fund invests (due, for example, to non‑payment of loans) may result in a reduction in the value of the security. The risk of default, as described under “Credit Risk,” for privately-issued and sub‑prime mortgages is generally higher than for other types of MBS. The structure of some of these securities may be complex, and there may be less available information than other types of debt securities. In addition, ABS such as CLOs and CDOs present credit risks that are not presented by MBS. This is because ABS generally do not have the benefit of a security interest in collateral that is comparable in quality to mortgage assets. If the issuer of an ABS defaults on its payment obligations, there is the possibility that, in some cases, the Fund will be unable to possess and sell the underlying collateral and that the Fund’s recoveries on repossessed collateral may not be available to support payments on the security.

Corporate Debt Securities Risk. Corporate debt securities respond to economic developments, especially changes in interest rates, as well as perceptions of the creditworthiness and business prospects of individual issuers. Therefore, corporate debt securities are subject to interest rate risk, market risk, and credit risk, as described herein.

Cyber Security Risk. The Fund and its service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund or its service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset value (“NAV”), cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede redemptions, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Fund’s investment in such portfolio companies to lose value.

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives (such as futures, forwards, options, and swaps) may not perform as anticipated, may not be able to be closed out at a favorable time or price, or may increase the Fund’s volatility. Derivatives may create investment leverage so that when a derivative is used as a substitute for or alternative to a direct cash investment, the transaction may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the cash investment, or when used for hedging purposes, the derivative may not provide the anticipated protection, causing the Fund to lose money on both the derivative and the exposure the Fund sought to hedge. Increases and decreases in the value of the Fund’s portfolio may be magnified when the Fund uses leverage. Derivatives are also subject to correlation risk, which is the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. Derivatives are also subject to market risk, which is described below, and liquidity risk, which is described below. The Fund’s use of swaps and forward contracts is also subject to counterparty risk, which is described above.

Investment Company and Exchange-Traded Fund Risk. An investment company, including an ETF, in which the Fund may hold shares of, may not achieve its investment objective or execute its investment strategies effectively. Large purchase or redemption activity by shareholders of such an investment company might negatively affect the value of the investment company’s shares. The Fund must also pay its pro rata portion of an investment company’s fees and expenses.

Loan Risk. Bank loans (including through both assignments and participations) often involve borrowers with low credit ratings whose financial conditions are troubled or uncertain, including companies that are highly leveraged or in bankruptcy proceedings. Loans typically have less liquidity than investment grade bonds and there may be less public information available about them as compared to bonds. The Fund may also receive delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities, in which a lender agrees to make loans up to a maximum amount upon demand by the borrower during a specified term. These commitments may have the effect of requiring the Fund to increase its investment in a company at a time when it might not otherwise decide to do so (including at a time when the company’s financial condition makes it unlikely that such amounts will be repaid).

Municipal Securities Risk. The value of municipal securities may be adversely affected by unfavorable legislative or political developments and economic developments that impact the financial condition of municipal issuers. For example, a credit rating downgrade, bond default or bankruptcy involving an issuer within a particular state or territory could affect the market values and marketability of many or all municipal obligations of that state or territory. Additionally, the relative amount of publicly available information about the financial condition of municipal securities issuers is generally less than that for corporate securities.

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund will buy and sell investments frequently resulting in higher transaction costs, including brokerage commissions. Frequent transactions may increase the amount of capital gains (in particular, short-term gains) realized by the Fund. Shareholders may pay tax on such capital gains.

Prepayment and Extension Risk. When interest rates fall, issuers of higher coupon debt obligations, as well as issuers of callable bonds, may pay off the debts earlier than expected (prepayment risk), and the Fund may have to

reinvest the proceeds at lower yields. When interest rates rise, issuers of lower coupon debt obligations may pay off the debts later than expected (extension risk), thus keeping the Fund’s assets tied up in lower coupon debt obligations.

Redemption Risk. The Fund may experience losses or realize taxable gains when selling securities to meet redemption requests. This risk is greater for larger redemption requests or redemption requests during adverse market conditions.

U.S. Government Securities Risk. U.S. government obligations are affected by changes or expected changes in interest rates, among other things. While U.S. Treasury obligations are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, such obligations are still subject to credit risk. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or authorities or U.S. government sponsored instrumentalities or enterprises may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Moreover, some securities are neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. government. The U.S. Department of the Treasury has the authority to provide financial support to certain of these debt obligations, but no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will do so. From time to time, controversy or uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. government to increase the statutory debt ceiling and/or failure to increase the statutory debt ceiling could increase the risk that the U.S. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities (including those held by the Fund), cause the credit rating of the U.S. government to be downgraded or increase volatility in financial markets, result in higher interest rates, reduce prices of U.S. Treasury securities and/or increase the costs of certain kinds of debt, all of which could have a material adverse impact on the Fund.

High Yield Securities Risk. High yield, or “junk,” securities involve greater risks of default or downgrade and are more volatile than investment grade securities because the prospect for repayment of principal and interest of many of these securities is speculative. High yield securities also may be less liquid than higher quality investments. These securities may offer higher returns, but there is no guarantee that an investment in these securities will result in a high rate of return.

Inflation-Linked Securities Risk. The value of inflation-linked securities is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates (the market rate of interest less the anticipated rate of inflation). Real interest rates change over time as a result of many factors, such as currency exchange rates, central bank monetary policies and general economic conditions. In general, the price of an inflation-linked security tends to decline when real interest rates increase. Unlike conventional bonds, the principal and interest payments of inflation-protected securities such as TIPS are adjusted periodically to a specified rate of inflation (e.g. the Consumer Price Index (the “CPI”)). There can be no assurance that the inflation index used will accurately measure the actual rate of inflation. These securities may lose value in the event that the actual rate of inflation is different than the rate of the inflation index. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of TIPS. For bonds that do not provide a similar guarantee, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.

Larger Company Risk. Larger capitalization companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology. They may also not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.

Concentration Risk. If the Fund concentrates its assets in a single industry or group of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other conditions that have a negative effect on that industry or group of industries will negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were invested in a wider variety of industries.

Real Estate Investment Trusts Risk. REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REITs and by the quality of tenants’ credit.

Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities Risk. ARMs contain maximum and minimum rates beyond which the mortgage interest rate may not vary over the lifetime of the security. In the event that a monthly payment is not sufficient to pay the interest accruing on an ARM, any excess interest is added to the principal balance of the mortgage loan, which is repaid through future monthly payments. If the monthly payment for such an instrument exceeds the sum of the interest accrued at the applicable mortgage interest rate and the principal payment required at such point to amortize the outstanding principal balance over the remaining term of the loan, the excess is used to reduce the then-outstanding principal balance of the ARM. In addition, certain ARMs may provide for an initial fixed, below-market interest rate. After the initial rate expires, the required monthly payment may increase dramatically when the interest rate on the mortgage loan adjusts. This increased burden on the mortgagor may increase the risk of delinquency or default on the mortgage loan and, in turn, losses on the MBS into which that loan has been bundled.

Mezzanine Securities Risk. The Fund may receive certain high yield securities known as mezzanine securities, which are subordinated debt securities generally issued in private placements in connection with an equity security (e.g., with attached warrants). Mezzanine investments may be issued with or without registration rights. Mezzanine investments are usually unsecured and subordinate to other obligations of the issuer.