Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection instruction
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph d

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection instruction
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph a

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 1
-Subsection a