Investment Risks - Roundhill Magnificent Seven Plus ETF |
Oct. 27, 2026 |
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| Investment Strategy Risk | |
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Investment Strategy Risk. The Fund will invest in, or obtain exposure to, the Magnificent Seven Plus Companies. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective through the implementation of the Fund’s investment strategies. Additionally, the Fund is subject to the following risks as a result of its investment strategies:
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively-managed and its performance reflects investment decisions that the Adviser makes for the Fund. Such judgments about the Fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect. If the investments selected and the strategies employed by the Fund fail to produce the intended results, the Fund could underperform as compared to other funds with a similar investment objective and/or strategies, or could have negative returns. The Adviser/Sub-Adviser (defined below) will seek to employ the Fund’s investment strategy regardless of whether there are periods of adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not seek to take temporary defensive positions during such periods.
Equity Securities Risk. Equity securities are subject to changes in value, and their values may be more volatile than those of other asset classes. Equity securities prices fluctuate for several reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant equity market, such as market volatility, or when political or economic events affecting an issuer occur. Common stock prices may be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase. Common stocks generally subject their holders to more risks than preferred stocks and debt securities because common stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of preferred stocks and debt securities upon the bankruptcy of the issuer.
Focused Investment Risk. The Fund invests in a limited number of issuers involved in the types of businesses listed below. Because of this, the Fund is more susceptible to adverse economic, political, regulatory, market or other events affecting any one of those issuers (including for reasons directly related to the issuer, such as management performance and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services), or the industries or sectors in which they operate. The Fund’s performance may therefore depend to a greater extent on how a small number of issuers perform. A decline in the value of, or other negative developments affecting, even one of those issuers or businesses could significantly reduce the Fund’s value. As a result, the value of Fund Shares may be more volatile than if the Fund invested in a larger number of issuers.
Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) Companies Risk. Companies that rely on, develop, integrate or are otherwise engaged in AI and big data typically face intense competition and potentially rapid product obsolescence. These companies are also heavily dependent on intellectual property rights and may be adversely affected by loss or impairment of those rights. There can be no assurance these companies will be able to successfully protect their intellectual property to prevent the misappropriation of their technology, or that competitors will not develop technology that is substantially similar or superior to such companies’ technology. AI and big data companies typically engage in significant amounts of spending on research and development, as well as mergers and acquisitions, and there is no guarantee that the products or services produced by these companies will be successful. The products and services of AI and big data companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product or service introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. AI and big data companies are potential targets for cyberattacks, which can have a materially adverse impact on the performance of these companies. In addition, AI technology could face increasing regulatory scrutiny in the future, which may limit the development of this technology and impede the growth of companies that develop and/or utilize this technology. Similarly, the collection of data from consumers and other sources could face increased scrutiny as regulators consider how the data is collected, stored, safeguarded and used. AI and big data companies may face regulatory fines and penalties, including forced break-ups, that could hinder the ability of the companies to operate on an ongoing basis. The customers and/or suppliers of AI and big data companies may be concentrated in a particular country, region or industry. Any adverse event affecting one of these countries, regions or industries could have a negative impact on AI and big data companies. Country, government, and/or region-specific regulations or restrictions could have an impact on AI and big data companies.
Automotive Companies Risk. Automotive companies can be highly cyclical and may suffer periodic operating losses. Automotive companies also can be significantly affected by labor relations and fluctuating component prices. Automotive companies, particularly those in the electric vehicles industry, may be affected by the obsolescence of existing technology, short product cycles, falling prices and profits, competition from new market entrants and general economic conditions. While most of the major manufacturers are large, financially strong companies, many others are small and can be non-diversified in both product line and customer base. Additionally, developments in automotive technologies (e.g., autonomous vehicle technologies) may require significant capital expenditures that may not generate Profits for several years, if any. Automotive companies may be significantly subject to government policies and regulations regarding imports and exports of automotive products. Governmental policies affecting automotive companies, such as taxes, tariffs, duties, subsidies, and import and export restrictions on automotive products can influence the profitability of such companies. In addition, such companies must comply with environmental laws and regulations, for which there may be severe consequences for non-compliance. Legislative or regulatory changes and increased government supervision also may affect automotive companies.
E-Commerce Discretionary Companies Risk. E-commerce discretionary companies include retailers, retail outlets, and wholesalers offering a wide variety of products or specializing in a single class of goods (e.g., computers, apparel, home improvement, etc.). E-commerce discretionary companies are dependent on consumer spending, the availability of disposable income, changing consumer tastes and preferences, consumer demographics, general economic conditions, internal infrastructure and on the availability, reliability and security of the Internet and related systems. Critical systems and operations may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist attacks, cyber-attacks, acts of war, break-ins, and similar events. In addition, legislative or regulatory changes and increased government supervision may affect e-commerce discretionary companies.
Internet Media & Services Companies Risk. Internet media & services companies are engaged in content and information creation or distribution through proprietary platforms, where revenues are derived primarily through pay-per click advertisements, including search engines, social media and networking platforms, online classifieds, and online review companies. The prices of the securities of internet media & services companies are closely tied to the performance of the overall economy and may be affected by changes in general economic growth, consumer confidence and consumer spending. Changes in demographics and consumer tastes also may affect the success of internet media & services companies. In addition, legislative or regulatory changes and increased government supervision may affect internet media & services companies.
Semiconductors Companies Risk. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of semiconductor companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user products, underutilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could adversely impact the operating results of semiconductors companies. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. Semiconductors companies are highly cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many of such companies to vary significantly. The stock prices of semiconductors companies have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile.
Software Companies Risk. Software companies publish and distribute software for the business or consumer markets, as well as companies that provide consulting or integration services to other businesses relating to information technology, including computer-system design, system integration, network and systems operations, cloud computing, distributed ledger technology consulting and integration, data management and storage, repair services, and technical support. In addition, software companies also include those companies involved in digital platforms that primarily generate revenue from advertising, content delivery, and other virtual products for consumers. Software companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a result, the value of their securities. Patent protection is integral to the success of many software companies. In addition, many software companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term.
Technology Hardware Companies Risk. Technology hardware companies include those companies that manufacture and distribute computers, servers, mainframes, peripheral devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, etc.), high-technology components (e.g., circuit boards), and electronic office equipment. In addition, technology hardware companies include producers and distributors of semiconductors and other integrated chips, other products related to the semiconductor industry such as motherboards, and manufacturers of high-technology tools and/or equipment used in the creation of semiconductors, photonics, wafers, and other high-technology components. Technology hardware companies can be significantly affected by competitive pressures, aggressive pricing, technological developments, changing domestic demand, the ability to attract and retain skilled employees and availability and price of components. The market for products produced by technology hardware companies is characterized by rapidly changing technology, rapid product obsolescence, cyclical market patterns, evolving industry standards and frequent new product introductions. The success of these companies depends in substantial part on the timely and successful introduction of new products. In addition, many technology hardware companies rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secret laws to establish and protect their proprietary rights in their products and technologies.
IPO Risk. The Fund may invest in securities offered in an IPO or in companies that have recently completed an IPO. The market value of IPO shares can have significant volatility due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, a small number of shares available for trading and limited information about the issuer. The purchase of IPO shares may involve high transaction costs, and the Fund may lose money on an investment in such securities.
Large Capitalization Companies Risk. Large capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Large capitalization companies may be more mature and subject to more limited growth potential compared with smaller capitalization companies. During different market cycles, the performance of large capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities markets.
Non-Diversification Risk. As a “non-diversified” fund, the Fund may hold a smaller number of portfolio securities than many other funds. To the extent the Fund invests in a relatively small number of issuers, a decline in the market value of a particular security held by the Fund may affect its value more than if it invested in a larger number of issuers. The value of the Fund Shares may be more volatile than the values of shares of more diversified funds.
Pre-IPO Companies Risk. The Fund may obtain exposure to the Pre-IPO Companies through swap agreements that provide exposure to a Pre-IPO Company via the respective Pre-IPO Index. The Fund may be unable to obtain or maintain the desired exposure to one or more Pre-IPO Companies, and any available exposure may be limited, expensive, indirect, and/or difficult to value. Information regarding private companies is less available than information regarding public companies and private companies are not subject to the same governance, disclosure, and other regulatory requirements as public companies. As a result, private companies may be difficult to accurately value and such valuations may be based on models or estimates that may not accurately reflect the value of the company. These valuation risks may also affect futures contracts, swaps or other instruments that reference Pre-IPO Companies. Private companies and instruments referencing private companies may be less liquid than other investments and may be subject to increased volatility. The timing and potential value of any public offering of securities of the Pre-IPO Companies is uncertain and such offering may never occur. |
| CONCENTRATION RISK | |
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CONCENTRATION RISK. The Fund expects to have concentrated (i.e., invest more than 25% of its total assets) investment exposure in the industry or group of industries that comprise the information technology sector. As a result, the Fund is more vulnerable to adverse market, economic, regulatory, political or other developments affecting those industries or groups of related industries than a fund that invests its assets in a more diversified manner.
Information Technology Companies Risk. Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments, frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Information technology companies are facing increased government and regulatory scrutiny and may be subject to adverse government or regulatory action. |
| Market Risk | |
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Market Risk. Market risk is the risk that a particular investment, or Fund Shares in general, may fall in value. Securities are subject to market fluctuations caused by real or perceived adverse economic, political, and regulatory factors or market developments, changes in interest rates, disruptions to trade, impositions of tariffs and perceived trends in securities prices. Fund Shares could decline in value or underperform other investments. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, market manipulation, government defaults, government shutdowns, regulatory actions, political changes, diplomatic developments, the imposition of sanctions and other similar measures, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues, recessions, natural disasters, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. Any of such circumstances could have a materially negative impact on the value of Fund Shares, the liquidity of an investment, and may result in increased market volatility. During any such events, Fund Shares may trade at increased premiums or discounts to their net asset value, the bid/ask spread on Fund Shares may widen and the returns on investment may fluctuate. |
| Asset Class Risk | |
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Asset Class Risk. Securities and other assets in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to the general financial markets, a particular financial market or other asset classes. |
| DERIVATIVES RISK | |
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DERIVATIVES RISK. The Fund expects to use swap agreements to seek to achieve its investment objective. The Fund’s derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the reference asset; the loss of principal, including the potential loss of amounts greater than the initial amount invested in the derivatives instrument; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. The Fund expects to primarily utilize derivatives instruments that are not designed to produce leverage. The Fund, however, may invest in derivatives that give rise to economic leverage, but expects any such economic leverage to be minimal. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and may result in greater losses, which in some cases may cause the Fund to liquidate other portfolio investments at inopportune times (e.g., at a loss to comply with limits on leverage imposed by the 1940 Act or when the Adviser otherwise would have preferred to hold the investment) or to meet redemption requests. Certain of the Fund’s transactions in derivatives also could affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders, which may result in the Fund realizing more short-term capital gain and ordinary income subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in such transactions, which may adversely impact the Fund’s after-tax returns. Any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using derivatives also may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. To the extent the Fund invests in derivatives instruments that give rise to economic leverage, the value of the Fund’s portfolio is likely to experience greater volatility over short-term periods. The Fund is subject to regulatory constraints relating to the level of leverage risk, as measured by value-at-risk (VaR) testing, the Fund may incur through its derivatives investments. To the extent the Fund exceeds these regulatory constraints regularly or over an extended period, the Fund may determine it is necessary to make adjustments to the Fund’s investment strategies to reduce its use of derivatives. Any such adjustments may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective and its performance. Additionally, certain derivatives trade OTC and may be privately negotiated, which may subject them to liquidity and valuation risk. A lack of liquidity may cause the value of a derivative instrument to decline and exhibit price behavior that does not correlate with the underlying securities. To the extent the Fund needs additional counterparties for any OTC derivative instruments, if it is unable to obtain a suitable counterparty, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective. It may not be possible to liquidate such instruments at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
Counterparty Risk. Fund transactions involving a counterparty are subject to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligation to the Fund. Counterparty risk may arise because of the counterparty’s financial condition (i.e., financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), market activities and developments, or other reasons, whether foreseen or not. A counterparty’s inability to fulfill its obligation may result in significant financial loss to the Fund. The Fund may be unable to recover its investment from the counterparty or may obtain a limited recovery, and/or recovery may be delayed.
Perpetual Futures Risk. The Fund may obtain exposure to the Pre-IPO Companies prior to any public offering of such company primarily through swap agreements that reference the Pre-IPO Indexes. The Pre-IPO Indexes calculate the price of the respective Pre-IPO Company by taking the volume-weighted median of each eligible trading platform on which the perpetual futures trade and calculating a weighted-average price across such platforms. Perpetual futures contracts generally do not have a fixed expiration date and are designed to provide ongoing economic exposure to a reference asset through a funding-rate mechanism. Perpetual futures contracts may be less liquid, less transparent, and more volatile than markets for publicly-traded securities or exchange-traded futures contracts, and there may be no liquid or developed market for perpetual futures contracts referencing the Pre-IPO Companies. Valuation for pre-IPO perpetual futures contracts is derived from available information and modeling, which could lead to significant volatility. Lack of information and liquidity and limitations in the ability to hedge positions may cause wider spreads and increased volatility. Perpetual futures contracts for pre-IPO securities also utilize “funding rates,” or payments exchanged between holders of long and short positions, which may impact the value of the Fund’s holdings. Additionally, market dislocations, limited liquidity, trading restrictions, operational issues, settlement risks, and regulatory developments may impact the value of the perpetual futures contracts that comprise the Pre-IPO Indexes, and accordingly, could negatively impact the Fund. Additionally, unlike the valuation of a publicly traded security, valuation of the Pre-IPO Companies for the perpetual futures contracts may be subject to limited information and may not reflect the eventual value and trading price of the company after its shares are publicly listed. Once a Pre-IPO Company’s shares are publicly traded, the Fund will obtain exposure to such company through the listed equity securities. Further, the Adviser expects the value of the Pre-IPO Index will converge with the ultimate trading price of the respective Pre-IPO Company. Any divergence between the valuation of the perpetual futures that comprise the Pre-IPO Index and the ultimate share trading price of the respective Pre-IPO Company after its IPO may result in a loss for the Fund.
Swap Agreements. Swap agreements may involve greater risks than direct investment in securities, and are subject to additional risks such as credit risk, counterparty risk and valuation risk. Swap agreements are entered into primarily with major financial intermediaries for a specified period which may range from one day to more than one year. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a reference asset. Swap agreements are generally traded OTC, and therefore, may not receive regulatory protection, which may expose investors, including the Fund, to significant losses. A swap agreement could result in losses if the underlying reference or asset does not perform as anticipated. Additionally, the swap agreements utilized by the Fund to obtain exposure to the Pre-IPO Companies may include higher margin and financing rates than other swap agreements, either of which could negatively impact the performance of the Fund. |
| COLLATERAL INVESTMENTS RISK | |
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COLLATERAL INVESTMENTS RISK. The Fund’s use of collateral investments may include obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities, including bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury, money market funds and corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper.
Some securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, in which case the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the security for ultimate repayment, and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event that the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment. The U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities, and consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate. Although the Fund may hold securities that carry U.S. Government guarantees, these guarantees do not extend to shares of the Fund.
U.S. Treasury securities may differ from other securities in their interest rates, maturities, times of issuance and other characteristics and may provide relatively lower returns than those of other securities. U.S. government securities are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and the payment of principal when held to maturity. Similar to other issuers, changes to the financial condition or credit rating of the U.S. government may cause the value of the Fund’s U.S. Treasury securities to decline.
Money market funds are subject to management fees and other expenses. Therefore, investments in money market funds will cause the Fund to bear indirectly a proportional share of the fees and costs of the money market funds in which it invests. At the same time, the Fund will continue to pay its own management fees and expenses with respect to all of its assets, including any portion invested in the shares of the money market fund. It is possible to lose money by investing in money market funds.
Corporate debt securities such as commercial paper generally are short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses. Corporate debt may be rated investment-grade or below investment-grade and may carry variable or floating rates of interest. Corporate debt securities carry both credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that the Fund could lose money if the issuer of a corporate debt security is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it is due. Some corporate debt securities that are rated below investment-grade generally are considered speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than higher quality debt securities. |
| CURRENT MARKET CONDITIONS RISK | |
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CURRENT MARKET CONDITIONS RISK. Current market conditions risk is the risk that a particular investment, or Fund Shares in general, may fall in value due to current market conditions. As a means to fight inflation, which remains at elevated levels, the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks have raised interest rates. There is no guarantee monetary policy, such as Federal Reserve and foreign central banks, will remain consistent, and certain actions taken by the Federal Reserve may negatively impact certain of the Fund’s investments, including negatively impacting the Fund’s usage of financial instruments. U.S. regulators have proposed several changes to market and issuer regulations which would directly impact the Fund, and any regulatory changes could adversely impact the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment strategies or make certain investments. Recent and potential future bank failures could result in disruption to the broader banking industry or markets generally and reduce confidence in financial institutions and the economy as a whole, which may also heighten market volatility and reduce liquidity. Additionally, challenges in commercial real estate markets, including rising interest rates, declining valuations and increasing vacancies, could have a broader impact on financial markets. The ongoing adversarial political climate in the United States, as well as political and diplomatic events both domestic and abroad, have and may continue to have an adverse impact on the U.S. regulatory landscape, markets and investor behavior, which could have a negative impact on the Fund’s investments and operations. The change in administration resulting from the 2024 United States national elections could result in significant impacts to international trade relations, tax and immigration policies, and other aspects of the national and international political and financial landscape, which could affect, among other things, inflation and the securities markets generally. Other unexpected political, regulatory and diplomatic events within the U.S. and abroad may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy. For example, ongoing armed conflicts between Russia and Ukraine in Europe and among Israel, Iran, Hamas and other militant groups in the Middle East, have caused and could continue to cause significant market disruptions and volatility within the markets in Russia, Europe, the Middle East and the United States. The hostilities and sanctions resulting from those hostilities have and could continue to have a significant impact on certain Fund investments as well as Fund performance and liquidity. The economies of the United States and its trading partners, as well as the financial markets generally, may be adversely impacted by trade disputes, including the imposition of tariffs, and other matters. For example, the United States has imposed trade barriers and restrictions on China. In addition, the Chinese government is engaged in a longstanding dispute with Taiwan, continually threatening an invasion. If the political climate between the United States and China does not improve or continues to deteriorate, if China were to attempt invading Taiwan, or if other geopolitical conflicts develop or worsen, economies, markets and individual securities may be adversely affected, and the value of the Fund’s assets may go down. A public health crisis and the ensuing policies enacted by governments and central banks may cause significant volatility and uncertainty in global financial markets, negatively impacting global growth prospects. As the COVID-19 global pandemic illustrated, such events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors and industries more significantly than others. Advancements in technology may also adversely impact markets and the overall performance of the Fund. For instance, the economy may be significantly impacted by the advanced development and increased regulation of artificial intelligence. Additionally, cyber security breaches of both government and non-government entities could have negative impacts on infrastructure and the ability of such entities, including the Fund, to operate properly. These events, and any other future events, may adversely affect the prices and liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio investments and could result in disruptions in the trading markets. |
| Cybersecurity Risk | |
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Cybersecurity Risk. Failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Fund’s adviser, sub-adviser, distributor and other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to cause disruptions, negatively impact the Fund’s business operations and/or potentially result in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders. While the Fund has established business continuity plans and risk management systems seeking to address system breaches or failures, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems of the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants or issuers of securities in which the Fund invests. |
| EARLY CLOSE/LATE CLOSE/TRADING HALT RISK | |
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EARLY CLOSE/LATE CLOSE/TRADING HALT RISK. An exchange or market may close early, close late or issue trading halts on specific securities or financial instruments. As a result, the ability to trade certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may disrupt the Fund’s creation and redemption process, potentially affect the price at which Fund Shares trade in the secondary market, and/or result in the Fund being unable to trade certain securities or financial instruments at all. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses. If trading in Fund Shares is halted, investors may be temporarily unable to trade Fund Shares. |
| INFLATION RISK | |
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INFLATION RISK. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions may decline. This risk is more prevalent with respect to fixed income securities held by the Fund. |
| MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENT RISK | |
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MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENT RISK. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Money market funds may be subject to credit risk with respect to the debt instruments in which they invest. Depository accounts may be subject to credit risk with respect to the financial institution in which the depository account is held. Money market instruments may lose money. |
| New Fund Risk | |
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New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized investment company with a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision. |
| Operational Risk | |
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Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks. |
| Structural ETF Risks | |
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Structural ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF. Accordingly, it is subject to certain risks associated with its unique structure.
Market Participants Risk. Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund, and none of those Authorized Participants is obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. The Fund has a limited number of institutions that may act as Authorized Participants on an agency basis (i.e., on behalf of other market participants). To the extent that Authorized Participants exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem, Fund Shares may be more likely to trade at a premium or discount to NAV and possibly face trading halts or delisting. The Fund may also rely on a small number of third-party market makers to provide a market for the purchase and sale of Fund Shares but such market makers are under no obligation to do so. Decisions by Authorized Participants or market makers to reduce their role or step away from these activities in times of market stress could inhibit the effectiveness of the arbitrage process in maintaining the relationship between the underlying values of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund’s market price. Any trading halt or other problem relating to the trading activity of these market makers or any issues disrupting the Authorized Participants’ ability to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders could result in a dramatic change in the spread between the Fund’s net asset value and the price at which Fund Shares are trading on the Exchange, which could result in a decrease in value of Fund Shares. This reduced effectiveness could result in Fund Shares trading at a premium or discount to net asset value and also in greater than normal intraday bid-ask spreads for Fund Shares.
Cash Transactions Risk. The Fund may effect a significant portion of its creations and redemptions for cash, rather than in-kind securities. Paying redemption proceeds in cash rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities may require the Fund to dispose of or sell portfolio securities or other assets at an inopportune time to obtain the cash needed to meet redemption orders. This may cause the Fund to sell a security and recognize a capital gain or loss that might not have been incurred if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher or lower annual capital gains distributions than ETFs that redeem in-kind. The use of cash creations and redemptions may also cause the Fund Shares to trade in the market at greater bid-ask spreads or greater premiums or discounts to the Fund’s NAV. Furthermore, the Fund may not be able to execute cash transactions for creation and redemption purposes at the same price used to determine the Fund’s NAV. To the extent that the maximum additional charge for creation or redemption transactions is insufficient to cover the execution shortfall, the Fund’s performance could be negatively impacted.
Active Market Risk. Although Fund Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for Fund Shares will develop or be maintained. Fund Shares trade on the Exchange at market prices that may be below, at or above the Fund’s net asset value. Securities, including Fund Shares, are subject to market fluctuations and liquidity constraints that may be caused by such factors as economic, political, or regulatory developments, changes in interest rates, and/or perceived trends in securities prices. Fund Shares could decline in value or underperform other investments.
Costs of Buying and Selling Fund Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Fund Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Fund Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Fund Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
Premium/Discount Risk. As with all ETFs, Fund Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The trading prices of Fund Shares in the secondary market may differ from the Fund’s daily net asset value per share and there may be times when the market price of the shares is more than the net asset value per share (premium) or less than the net asset value per share (discount). If a shareholder purchases Fund Shares at a time when the market price is at a premium to the net asset value or sells Fund Shares at a time when the market price is at a discount to the net asset value, the shareholder may pay more for, or receive less than, the underlying value of the Fund Shares, respectively. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines.
Trading Risks. Although Fund Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Fund Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Fund Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Fund Shares. Trading in Fund Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Fund Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Fund Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange’s “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. |
| SWAP TAX RISK | |
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SWAP TAX RISK. The federal income tax treatment of certain aspects of the proposed operations of the Fund is not entirely clear, including the tax aspects of the Fund’s usage of swap agreements. In general, income from swaps is recognized periodically over the term of the swaps. The Fund intends to invest in bullet swaps and take the position that no income accrues over the term of the swap. Some swaps with substantial non-periodic payments are deemed to have an embedded loan. Such swaps may more properly be treated as a variation of a forward contract (which are generally treated as open contracts); although the IRS has issued proposed regulations that would treat them under the general swap regulations. If the Fund is incorrect in its interpretation of the appropriate method for recognition of income from the swaps, the Fund may recognize income without receiving cash. In such a case, the Fund would still be required to make sufficient distributions to maintain its RIC status, which may require selling assets or borrowing funds. Additionally, the Fund intends to treat any income it may derive from the swap contracts as “qualifying income” under the provisions of the Code applicable to RICs. Because authority related to determining the issuer of swap contracts is unclear, the Fund intends to test the contracts for purposes of the diversification test alternatively as if the counterparty were the issuer of the swaps and the issuer of the referenced security is the issuer of the swaps. If the income is not qualifying income or the issuer of the swap contract is not appropriately the counterparty, the Fund could lose its own status as a RIC. If, in any year, the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC under the applicable tax laws, the Fund would be taxed as an ordinary corporation. Separately, certain swaps may not qualify as “Section 1256 contracts” under Section 1256 of the Code. Income from such swaps will be ordinary income, and disposition of such swaps may result in short-term capital gains or losses. |
| TAX RISK | |
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TAX RISK. In order to qualify for the favorable tax treatment generally available to a regulated investment company (“RIC”), the Fund must satisfy certain diversification and other requirements. In particular, at each quarter end (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets must generally be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer or the securities (other than the securities of another RIC) of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Diversification Requirement”). The Fund anticipates gaining exposure to eleven different companies that comprise the Magnificent Seven Plus, as indicated herein. To satisfy the Diversification Requirement, the Fund will gain exposure to such issuers by entering into swap agreements and/or by investing in equity securities of such company. The determination of the value and the identity of the issuer of derivatives, such as swap agreements, is often unclear for purposes of the Diversification Requirement described above. Although the Fund intends to carefully monitor its investments in derivatives to ensure that it is adequately diversified under the Diversification Requirement, there are no assurances that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) will agree with the Fund’s determination of the issuer and valuation of such derivatives under the Diversification Requirement with respect to such derivatives. The Adviser’s and the Sub-Adviser’s efforts to satisfy the Fund’s Diversification Requirement may compromise their ability to implement the Fund’s investment strategy as effectively as they might otherwise have been able to in the absence of such a requirement. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation subject to U.S. federal income tax on all its income at the fund level (unless certain relief provisions are available.) The resulting taxes could substantially reduce the Fund’s net assets and the amount of income available for distribution to shareholders. In addition, in order to requalify as a RIC, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make certain distributions to its shareholders. In addition, the Fund’s use of derivatives may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains or otherwise affect the Fund’s ability to pay out dividends subject to preferential rates or the dividends received deduction, thereby increasing the amount of taxes payable by some shareholders. |
| U.S. TREASURY SECURITIES RISK | |
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U.S. TREASURY SECURITIES RISK. U.S. Treasury securities may differ from other securities in their interest rates, maturities, times of issuance and other characteristics and may provide relatively lower returns than those of other securities. U.S. government securities are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and the payment of principal when held to maturity. Similar to other issuers, changes to the financial condition or credit rating of the U.S. government may cause the value of the Fund’s U.S. Treasury securities to decline. |
| VALUATION RISK | |
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VALUATION RISK. The Fund may hold securities or other assets that may be valued on the basis of factors other than market quotations. This may occur because the asset or security does not trade on a centralized exchange, or in times of market turmoil or reduced liquidity. There are multiple methods that can be used to value a portfolio holding when market quotations are not readily available. The value established for any portfolio holding at a point in time might differ from what would be produced using a different methodology or if it had been priced using market quotations. Portfolio holdings that are valued using techniques other than market quotations, including “fair valued” assets or securities, may be subject to greater fluctuation in their valuations from one day to the next than if market quotations were used. In addition, there is no assurance that the Fund could sell or close out a portfolio position for the value established for it at any time, and it is possible that the Fund would incur a loss because a portfolio position is sold or closed out at a discount to the valuation established by the Fund at that time. The Fund’s ability to value investments may be impacted by technological issues or errors by pricing services or other third-party service providers. |
| Risk Lose Money [Member] | |
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| Risk [Text Block] | Fund Shares will change in value, and you could lose money by investing in the Fund. |
| Risk Not Insured Depository Institution [Member] | |
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| Risk [Text Block] | An investment in the Fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. |