The Special Meeting of Stockholders (as it may be adjourned or postponed from time to time, the “Special Meeting”) of Atlas Energy Solutions Inc. (“Atlas” or the “Company”) will be held at the Company’s corporate headquarters at 5918 W. Courtyard Drive, Suite 100, Austin, Texas 78730, on [•] [•], 2026, for the purpose of (i) approving the reincorporation of the Company from the State of Delaware to the State of Texas by conversion, including the plan of conversion and the Texas reincorporation resolutions, each included as an appendix to the accompanying proxy statement (the “Reincorporation Proposal”) and (ii) approving one or more adjournments of the Special Meeting, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes at the time of the Special Meeting to approve the Reincorporation Proposal (the “Adjournment Proposal”).

Details regarding the Reincorporation Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal are more fully described in the accompanying proxy statement.

The Board of Directors (the “Board”) has fixed [•] [•], 2026 as the record date for determining stockholders entitled to receive notice of, and to vote at, the Special Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Only stockholders of record at the close of business on that date will be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Special Meeting. The Special Meeting will begin promptly at [•] a.m. Central Time. Stockholders planning to attend the Special Meeting in person should allow ample time for check-in and will be required to present valid government-issued photo identification and, for street name stockholders, proof of beneficial ownership as of the record date.

Your vote is very important. Regardless of whether you plan to attend the Special Meeting, we hope you will vote as soon as possible by using the Internet or by the other methods described in the accompanying proxy statement. We thank you for your continued support and cordially invite you to attend the Special Meeting.

This proxy statement contains information related to the Special Meeting of Stockholders (as it may be adjourned or postponed from time to time, the “Special Meeting”). Unless otherwise stated or unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Atlas” and “the Company” refer to Atlas Energy Solutions Inc., a Delaware corporation that was formed on June 28, 2023. Our principal offices are located at 5918 W. Courtyard Dr., Suite 500, Austin, TX 78730.

The Special Meeting will be held at the Company’s corporate headquarters at 5918 W. Courtyard Drive, Suite 100, Austin, Texas 78730, at [•] a.m., Central Time, on [•] [•], 2026. This proxy statement is first being made available on or about [•] [•], 2026 to our stockholders of record as of the close of business on [•] [•], 2026 (the “Record Date”).

Only holders of record of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Delaware Corporation Common Stock”), at the close of business on the Record Date are entitled to receive notice of and vote at the Special Meeting. On the Record Date, we had [•] shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock outstanding. Each outstanding share of Delaware Corporation Common Stock is entitled to one vote per share owned on each of (i) a proposal to approve the reincorporation of the Company from the State of Delaware to the State of Texas by conversion, including the plan of conversion and the Texas reincorporation resolutions, each included as an appendix to this proxy statement (the “Reincorporation Proposal”) and (ii) a proposal to approve one or more adjournments of the Special Meeting, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes at the time of the Special Meeting to approve the Reincorporation Proposal (the “Adjournment Proposal”).

Shares for which proxies are properly submitted via the Internet, telephone or for which proxy cards are properly executed and returned will be voted at the Special Meeting, and at any adjournments or postponements thereof, in accordance with the directions given or, in the absence of directions, will be voted in accordance with the Board’s recommendations.

Submitting a proxy via the Internet or telephone helps save money by reducing postage and proxy tabulation costs. To vote by either of these methods, read this proxy statement, have your proxy card or voting instruction form in hand, and follow the instructions below for your preferred method of voting. Each of these voting methods is available 24 hours per day, seven days per week.

At the Special Meeting, stockholders will consider and vote upon (i) the Reincorporation Proposal and (ii) the Adjournment Proposal.

As of the date of this proxy statement, no other purposes were stated for the Special Meeting (or any adjournments or postponements thereof) pursuant to the Company’s Bylaws.

All stockholders as of the Record Date may attend and vote at the Special Meeting. Stockholders planning to attend the Special Meeting in person should allow ample time for check-in and will be required to present valid government-issued photo identification and, for street name stockholders, proof of beneficial ownership as of the Record Date. If you do not provide photo identification or comply with the other procedures outlined above upon request, you may not be admitted to the Special Meeting.

Stockholders of Record. If your shares are registered directly in your name with Equiniti Trust Company, LLC (“EQ”), our transfer agent, you are considered, with respect to those shares, the “stockholder of record.” As the stockholder of record, you have the right to grant your voting proxy directly or to vote in person at the Special Meeting.

Street Name Stockholders. If your shares are held in a stock brokerage account or through a bank, broker, or other nominee, you are considered the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” (that is, shares held in the name of your bank, broker or other nominee) and your bank, broker, or other nominee is considered the stockholder of record with respect to those shares. As the beneficial owner of shares held in street name (or the “street name stockholder”), you have the right to direct your bank, broker, or other nominee how to vote and are also invited to attend the Special Meeting in person, subject to the procedures described above. However, you may not vote your shares in person at the Special Meeting unless you obtain a legal proxy from the stockholder of record giving you the right to vote the shares. Please refer to the voting instruction form provided to you by the stockholder of record to determine how to do this.

You are entitled to one vote on each of the Reincorporation Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal for each share of Delaware Corporation Common Stock you owned on the Record Date.

If you are a stockholder of record, you may revoke your proxy or change your voting instructions at any time before your shares are voted at the Special Meeting by delivering to the Corporate Secretary of the Company a written notice of revocation or a duly executed proxy (via the Internet, telephone or by returning a proxy card) bearing a later date or by attending the Special Meeting and voting in person. Attendance at the Special Meeting will not cause your previously granted proxy to be revoked unless you vote or specifically so request.

If you are a street name stockholder, you may revoke or change voting instructions by contacting the bank, broker, or other nominee holding the shares or by obtaining a legal proxy from such institution and voting in person at the Special Meeting.

The holders of a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock entitled to vote at the Special Meeting, represented in person or by proxy, constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business at the Special Meeting. Abstentions will be counted as present for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum at the Special Meeting. Because the Reincorporation Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal are non-routine matters, we do not expect to receive any broker non-votes at the Special Meeting. If there is not a quorum, the Special Meeting may be adjourned until such time as a sufficient number of shares are present or represented by proxy.

The Reincorporation Proposal will be approved if a majority of the outstanding shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock entitled to vote thereon are voted for the Reincorporation Proposal. If the Reincorporation Proposal fails to obtain the requisite vote for approval, the Texas Reincorporation will not be consummated, and the Company’s domicile will be unchanged by this vote.

The Adjournment Proposal will be approved if a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock present in person or represented by proxy at the Special Meeting and entitled to vote thereon are voted for the Adjournment Proposal.

Under applicable rules, each of the Reincorporation Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal is considered a non-routine matter. We therefore do not expect that banks, brokers, or other nominees will have discretionary voting authority with respect to shares held in street name for their clients. Accordingly, if you are a beneficial owner and (i) you do not provide your bank, broker, or other nominee who holds your shares with voting instructions, or (ii) you do provide a voting instruction form but you fail to specify your voting instructions on the Reincorporation Proposal or the Adjournment Proposal, under applicable rules, your bank, broker, or other nominee cannot exercise discretionary authority to vote your shares in favor of the Reincorporation Proposal or the Adjournment Proposal.

For the purpose of determining whether the stockholders have approved the Reincorporation Proposal, abstentions and broker non-votes (if any) will have the same effect as a vote “against” the Reincorporation Proposal. For the purpose of determining whether the stockholders have approved the Adjournment Proposal, abstentions will have the same effect as a vote “against,” and broker non-votes (if any) will not have any effect on the outcome of, the Adjournment Proposal. Because each of the Reincorporation Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal is considered a non-routine matter under applicable rules and there are no routine matters to be voted upon, we do not expect to receive any broker non-votes at the Special Meeting.

The Board unanimously recommends a vote:

We will disclose voting results on a Current Report on Form 8-K that we will file with the SEC, within four business days after the Special Meeting. If final voting results are not available to us in time to file a Form 8-K with final voting results, we will file a Form 8-K to publish preliminary results and will provide the final results in an amendment to the Form 8-K as soon as they become available.

If you have any questions about the proxy materials or the Special Meeting, please contact Atlas Energy Solutions Inc. at 5918 W. Courtyard Dr., Suite 500, Austin, TX 78730, Attn: Corporate Secretary.

Proxies are being solicited by the Board on behalf of the Company. We will bear all costs incurred in the solicitation of proxies, including the fee of Okapi Partners LLC, who will help us solicit proxies, of $15,000 plus expenses. In addition to solicitation by mail, our directors, officers, and employees may solicit proxies personally or by telephone, e-mail, facsimile, or other means without additional compensation.

As described below, in May 2026, the Board formed an Evaluation Committee (the “Evaluation Committee”) to consider whether the Company should remain incorporated in Delaware or reincorporate in Texas. Both the Evaluation Committee and the Board have unanimously approved the reincorporation, by conversion, of the Company from a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware Corporation”) to a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Texas (the “Texas Corporation”), including the Plan of Conversion included as Appendix B to this proxy statement. We refer to the proposed reincorporation of the Delaware Corporation in the form of a conversion to the Texas Corporation as the “Texas Reincorporation.” The Board unanimously recommends that the stockholders approve the Texas Reincorporation, including the Plan of Conversion included as Appendix B to this proxy statement, and adopt the resolutions of the Board approving the reincorporation (the “Texas Reincorporation Resolutions”) included as Appendix A to this proxy statement, as more fully described below.

The Texas Reincorporation, if approved by our stockholders, will be effected through a conversion pursuant to Section 266 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended (the “DGCL”), and Section 10.102 of the Texas Business Organizations Code, as amended (the “TBOC”), as set forth in the Plan of Conversion included as Appendix B to this proxy statement. Approval of this Reincorporation Proposal will constitute approval of the Plan of Conversion and adoption of the Texas Reincorporation Resolutions.

Through the adoption of the Plan of Conversion, upon the Texas Reincorporation:

If our stockholders approve the Texas Reincorporation, we anticipate that the Texas Reincorporation will become effective (the “Effective Time”) on [•] [•], 2026. In connection with the Texas Reincorporation, we intend to make filings with the Secretary of State of the State of Texas and the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and do not anticipate making any other filings to effect the Texas Reincorporation. The Texas Reincorporation may be delayed by the Board, or the Plan of Conversion may be terminated and abandoned by action of the Board, at any time prior to the Effective Time, whether before or after the approval by our stockholders, if the Board determines for any reason that such delay or abandonment would be in the best interests of the Company and all of its stockholders, as the case may be.

The Company is headquartered in Texas, its principal executive offices and management team are located in the state, and the Company primarily operates in, and receives the majority of its revenue from, Texas. By comparison, the Company has no meaningful connection to Delaware, other than Delaware being its state of incorporation. A majority of U.S. corporations choose Delaware as their state of incorporation because of, among other reasons, the view that Delaware courts have extensive experience in adjudicating corporate and business-related matters, and as a result, actions in Delaware will have predictable legal outcomes and speedy resolution. However, in recent years, a number of factors, including other states’ initiatives geared toward encouraging companies to relocate, and certain high-profile litigation outcomes in Delaware, have triggered an increase in public companies seeking to reincorporate from Delaware to other U.S. states. Some companies have considered reincorporating in the state of their headquarters, while others have considered alternatives with recently revised corporate governance regimes such as Texas and Nevada. During the course of 2026, the Board and management began discussions concerning whether the Company should consider changing its state of incorporation. In May of 2026, the Board authorized the Evaluation Committee to consider whether the Company should reincorporate to another jurisdiction. Following an extensive process described below, upon the unanimous recommendation of the Evaluation Committee, the Board unanimously determined that the Texas Reincorporation is advisable and in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders for the reasons described below.

As part of their ongoing oversight, direction, and management of the Company’s business, certain directors of the Company and management have, from time to time, considered and explored the issue of the Company’s jurisdiction of incorporation. These discussions were in response to a number of factors including views that the legal landscapes in Delaware and Texas were evolving and that Texas has been active in innovating in corporate law.

On May 13, 2026, the Board during a regular meeting discussed a potential reincorporation of the Company from the state of Delaware to another jurisdiction. At the meeting, the Board discussed current environment for Delaware corporations considering reincorporation and the process and procedural steps associated with a potential reincorporation. At the meeting, the Board unanimously voted to form the Evaluation Committee to consider whether the Company should remain incorporated in Delaware or reincorporate in another state and to specifically evaluate a potential reincorporation to Texas. The Evaluation Committee consisted of A. Lance Langford, Mike Howard and Robb L. Voyles. The Board delegated to the Evaluation Committee full authority to determine whether to approve (and recommend that the Board approve) a reincorporation to Texas, and if so, upon what terms, conditions and structure. The Evaluation Committee was also specifically authorized to decide not to proceed with a reincorporation. The Evaluation Committee was authorized to engage, at the expense of the Company, legal counsel and other advisors, as the Evaluation Committee deemed appropriate. Members of the Evaluation Committee were not paid compensation for service on the Evaluation Committee, other than compensation payable to all members of the Board pursuant to the Company’s existing director compensation policies.

The Evaluation Committee met six times between June 23, 2026 and September 8, 2026 to evaluate the potential reincorporation, review materials presented by its advisors and consider the Texas Governing Documents (as defined below) and related documents. All members of the Evaluation Committee were present at the meetings, except Mike Howard was unable to attend the June 23, 2026 meeting. To assist the Evaluation Committee in its work, the Evaluation Committee retained Vinson & Elkins LLP (“Vinson & Elkins”) as its counsel. The Evaluation Committee also determined that it would benefit from being advised by Delaware counsel and retained Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A. (“RLF”). The Evaluation Committee received and reviewed a significant amount of written materials during its process. At the outset, the Evaluation Committee worked with its counsel to assess the time necessary to conduct a thorough, well-designed process. The Evaluation Committee reported that it reached its final decisions on the Texas Reincorporation on its own timeline and took the time to complete its charge as deemed appropriate.

The Evaluation Committee first met on June 23, 2026, to discuss preliminary topics related to the potential reincorporation and a schedule for the Evaluation Committee’s consideration of the potential reincorporation. Representatives of Okapi Partners LLC (“Okapi”), the Company’s proxy solicitor, presented a summary of Okapi’s

experience with companies recently reincorporating from Delaware to Texas, including key governance issues, varied approaches taken by companies and an analysis of the Company’s then-current stockholder base. The Evaluation Committee discussed an illustrative timeline to ensure that it took as much time as deemed appropriate to reach a final decision on the potential reincorporation.

On July 24, 2026, the Evaluation Committee met to discuss a number of topics related to the potential reincorporation. Representatives of Vinson & Elkins and RLF reviewed the scope of the authority delegated to the Evaluation Committee by the Board, provided an overview of the fiduciary duties applicable to the directors under Delaware law, discussed recent Texas legislative developments and the reincorporation trend, and provided an overview of the Texas Business Courts. A representative of RLF discussed Delaware case law relevant to reincorporation. The Evaluation Committee also evaluated Nevada as a potential reincorporation destination. The Evaluation Committee discussed potential advantages and disadvantages with the Texas Business Courts and the proposed business court in Nevada, in each case relative to the Delaware Court of Chancery.

On July 30, 2026, the Evaluation Committee met to continue its consideration of a potential reincorporation. Representatives of Vinson & Elkins led the Evaluation Committee through a detailed discussion of the similarities and differences in the corporate laws of Delaware, Texas and Nevada, including a comparison of fiduciary duty standards, derivative litigation procedures, stockholder rights, standards of judicial review, and the respective court systems across the three jurisdictions. The Evaluation Committee also reviewed recent reincorporation proposals by other public companies, the governance document provisions adopted by companies that have reincorporated to Texas, and the published proxy voting policies of major institutional investors and proxy advisory firms regarding reincorporation proposals. The Evaluation Committee further discussed the similarities and differences in the corporate law and courts of Delaware, Texas and Nevada, the reincorporation process and rationales for and against reincorporation. After discussion and consideration, the Evaluation Committee members unanimously determined that further evaluation of a potential reincorporation in Texas was in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, and requested that their advisors prepare drafts of the proposed Texas certificate of formation (the “Texas Charter”) and bylaws (the “Texas Bylaws,” and, together with the Texas Charter, the “Texas Governing Documents”) for further review.

On August 21, 2026, the Evaluation Committee met again and discussed various potential advantages and disadvantages of a reincorporation into Texas and the drafts of the Texas Governing Documents that had been provided to them for review prior to the meeting. The Evaluation Committee members noted that features of Texas law could potentially discourage bringing frivolous lawsuits that might impose significant time and expense on the Company. The Evaluation Committee then discussed similarities and differences between Delaware corporate law and Texas corporate law, including the relative scarcity of corporate case law in Texas as compared to Delaware. In addition, the Evaluation Committee considered several non-legal factors in its deliberations, including the Company’s geographical and business ties to Texas, recurring franchise tax liability in Delaware, potential effects of a reincorporation on trading prices, and the increase in contingency fee-driven stockholder litigation in Delaware and the resulting increase in insurance premiums for director and officer insurance. The Evaluation Committee also discussed initial questions identified in the proposed Texas Governing Documents, including a minimum ownership threshold for bringing derivative proceedings, exclusive forum provisions for internal entity claims, a minimum ownership threshold for submitting stockholder proposals pursuant to an election to be governed by Section 21.373 of the TBOC, and the minimum ownership threshold for stockholders to call a special meeting. Following a discussion regarding these items, the Evaluation Committee members determined that it required additional deliberation and discussion on issues in the proposed Texas Governing Documents.

On September 1, 2026, the Evaluation Committee met to further evaluate certain provisions in the proposed Texas Governing Documents. Among other things, the Evaluation Committee discussed a minimum ownership threshold for bringing derivative proceedings, exclusive forum provisions for internal entity claims, a jury waiver, a minimum ownership threshold for submitting stockholder proposals pursuant to an election to be governed by Section 21.373 of the TBOC, and the minimum ownership threshold for stockholders to call a special meeting. Following the discussion, the Evaluation Committee decided it was in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to adopt in the Texas Governing Documents a 1% minimum ownership threshold for stockholders to bring derivative proceedings, designate the Texas Business Courts as the exclusive forum for internal entity claims, adopt a jury waiver and adopt a 50% (or the highest percentage then permitted by the TBOC) minimum ownership threshold for stockholders to request a special meeting. The Evaluation Committee ultimately determined not to adopt a minimum ownership threshold for submitting stockholder proposals pursuant to an election to be governed by Section 21.373 of the TBOC.

At a meeting on September 8, 2026, the Evaluation Committee met to discuss final forms of the Texas Governing Documents, the proposed plan of conversion prepared by management for the Company to effectuate the Texas Reincorporation (the “Plan of Conversion”), and the draft proxy statement to be submitted to stockholders at a special meeting of stockholders. At the September 8 meeting, the Evaluation Committee unanimously approved the Texas Reincorporation and unanimously determined to recommend that the Board approve the Texas Reincorporation.

The Board met on September 9, 2026 to receive a report from, and the recommendation of, the Evaluation Committee about the Texas Reincorporation and to discuss and ask questions on the report and recommendation. Following the meeting, the Board determined that, in accordance with and in consideration of the recommendation of the Evaluation Committee, the reincorporation of the Company into Texas was in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders and unanimously approved the Texas Reincorporation. The Board, by unanimous written consent on October 23, 2026, directed the Chairman of the Board to call the Special Meeting for the purposes of approving the Texas Reincorporation and adopting the Texas Reincorporation Resolutions and unanimously recommended that the stockholders vote “FOR” approval of the Texas Reincorporation, including the Plan of Conversion, and the Texas Reincorporation Resolutions.

After extensive discussion and careful consideration, the Evaluation Committee concluded that the Texas Reincorporation is in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders because it, among other benefits, (i) aligns the Company’s operational footprint with its state of incorporation; (ii) will allow the internal affairs of the Company and its stockholders to be governed by legislators and courts in the community in which the Company principally does business; (iii) will provide a framework that promotes greater certainty and consistency in corporate governance; (iv) may reduce the potential for opportunistic and frivolous litigation against the Company and its directors and officers (and may therefore help the Company attract and retain qualified management and directors); (v) may create cost savings for the Company, including annual franchise tax costs and potential director and officer insurance savings; and (vi) may save management time. The Evaluation Committee also considered Texas’s position relative to Delaware with respect to corporate law and the benefits of recent amendments to the TBOC which, among other things, strengthen a Texas corporation’s defenses against meritless lawsuits, validate the selection of the Texas courts as the exclusive forum for internal claims, and provide greater certainty about the standard to which directors and officers are held in corporate governance actions. At a meeting of the Board on September 9, 2026, the Evaluation Committee delivered its recommendation that the Board approve the Texas Reincorporation.

The Evaluation Committee and the Board believe that there are several reasons the Texas Reincorporation is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. These reasons are not intended to be exhaustive and are not presented in any relative order of importance.

The Company was founded and is currently headquartered in Austin, Texas, where its principal executive offices and management team are located. The vast majority of the Company’s physical operations are in Texas and approximately 89% of the Company’s employees are based in Texas. The Company also derives substantially more revenue from its operations in Texas than from operations in any other state. For instance, the Company generated approximately $764.1 million in revenue in Texas for the year ended December 31, 2025, representing approximately 70% of the Company’s total revenue for the year. The reincorporation of the Company in Texas would better align the Company’s state of incorporation with its Texas roots and operations.

By contrast, the Company has no meaningful connection to Delaware, other than Delaware being its state of incorporation. The Company has no offices, employees or business in Delaware. The Company’s executives and management do not operate in Delaware. Delaware was originally chosen as the Company’s state of incorporation solely because of its legal framework, which the Evaluation Committee and the Board no longer believe is best suited for the Company and its stockholders.

The legislators and judges making and adjudicating corporate law in Texas are part of the community in which the Company operates and frequently interact with the energy industry that drives much of the state’s economy. Texas has developed many of the legal frameworks under which the energy industry operates and is poised to continue in its

leading role. Texas is also on the forefront of the burgeoning power industry. Comparatively, Delaware has little organic connection to the energy sector outside of its role as the state of incorporation for many companies, and its legal and regulatory institutions lack practical exposure to many of the issues that face the Company and its industry.

Corporate law and litigation often overlap with and impact business, employment and operational matters. The Texas Reincorporation would allow the internal affairs of the Company to be governed by Texans, who understand the value of the energy industry and may be better aligned with the interests of the Company and our stockholders. The Evaluation Committee and the Board view this alignment as important because questions of corporate governance rarely arise in isolation; they frequently implicate the Company’s workforce, operations and commercial strategy, and are ultimately shaped by the state’s lawmakers who enact its corporate statutes, the judges who apply them and the residents who may sit as jurors in corporate litigation. The Evaluation Committee and the Board believe that Texas legislators and courts are likely to provide a public policy and regulatory environment that engages with and benefits the energy industry and fosters economic growth.

The Evaluation Committee and the Board considered the characteristics of Texas corporate law, including its emphasis on statutory guidance, as well as other legal benefits associated with incorporation in Texas. Based on these considerations including recent amendments to the TBOC discussed below, the Evaluation Committee and the Board determined that Texas’s legislative approach is more likely to provide a consistent and predictable framework for corporate decision-making than Delaware’s case-law based approach. Case law is inherently indeterminate because it entails broad, flexible standards that are applied to individual cases in a highly fact-specific way. Although Delaware has developed extensive corporate case law, the Evaluation Committee and the Board believe that significant uncertainty remains when attempting to apply Delaware court decisions to future corporate actions. Further, judicial interpretations can change through subsequent court rulings, often without the level of transparency and stakeholder input that accompanies statutory amendments.

Recent Delaware court decisions have generated debate among academics and market participants regarding the future direction of Delaware corporate law. While the Delaware legislature has responded to certain developments through statutory amendments, Delaware courts have only recently begun to interpret these amendments, leaving some uncertainty about how they will apply in practice. Although the Evaluation Committee and the Board view these legislative changes and the initial cases interpreting them as positive developments, the Evaluation Committee and the Board believe Texas's statutory framework offers a more stable basis for corporate governance going forward.

Texas recently adopted a TBOC provision that, for companies with securities traded on a national exchange or that have opted into the provision in their governing documents, creates a presumption that directors and officers have acted in good faith and on an informed basis, and provides that neither the Company nor a stockholder will have a cause of action against such a director or officer in the absence of fraud, intentional misconduct, an ultra vires act or a knowing violation of law. The Evaluation Committee and the Board believe that embedding this standard directly into statute provides greater clarity and consistency and appropriately discourages meritless litigation while continuing to preserve meaningful stockholder remedies in cases involving fraud, intentional misconduct, an ultra vires act or a knowing violation of law.

The Evaluation Committee and the Board further considered Texas’s establishment of the Texas Business Court, which has jurisdiction over certain business and corporate disputes and serves a function similar to that of Delaware’s Court of Chancery. The proposed Texas Charter includes an exclusive forum provision that would direct internal entity claims to the Texas Business Court as a specialized court with expertise in corporate and commercial matters. The Evaluation Committee and the Board believe that adjudication in such a forum is likely to promote consistent and predictable application of Texas corporate law while reducing the costs and inefficiencies that can result from parallel litigation in multiple jurisdictions. In light of these considerations, the Evaluation Committee and the Board concluded that the benefits of having Texas as the designated forum for internal entity claims outweigh any potential inconvenience that stockholders may experience as a result of the forum-selection provision.

The Texas Reincorporation may reduce the potential for opportunistic and frivolous litigation against the Company and its directors and officers. The Evaluation Committee and the Board believe that Texas is more protective

than Delaware against opportunistic and frivolous litigation against directors, officers and controlling stockholders. For example, as described below in “Comparison of Stockholder Rights under Delaware and Texas Law,” Texas limits derivative proceedings by deferring by statute to the decision of an independent board committee regarding the action and by allowing public companies to adopt an ownership percentage that litigants must meet to initiate a derivative claim. The Texas Charter includes an ownership threshold of one percent of its outstanding stock that must be held for plaintiffs to initiate a derivative claim, which the Evaluation Committee and the Board believe may reduce the filing of opportunistic and frivolous litigation by limiting the ability of persons without a material economic interest in the Company to bring claims. In addition, stockholders in Texas are required to make a formal written demand on the corporation prior to bringing a derivative claim, unlike in Delaware where stockholders may seek to avoid written demand requirements on the ground that a demand would be futile. Texas law also provides that the resolution of a derivative proceeding that results only in additional or amended disclosures being made to stockholders, regardless of materiality, is not an appropriate basis for awarding plaintiffs’ attorneys’ fees.

The Evaluation Committee and the Board considered the increasingly litigious environment in Delaware, which has engendered an increased risk of opportunistic and frivolous litigation and has the potential to cause unnecessary distraction to the Company’s directors and management team and cause the Company to incur significant legal expenses with no tangible benefit to the Company or stockholders. The Evaluation Committee and the Board believe the increasing frequency of opportunistic and frivolous claims brought in Delaware has increased the risks facing directors and officers of public companies, which can be a deterrent to the most highly qualified management. The Evaluation Committee and the Board believe that reincorporation to Texas may help the Company attract and retain qualified management and directors by reducing the risk of opportunistic and frivolous lawsuits. Reincorporation may also result in cost savings for the Company and its stockholders, who ultimately bear much of the defense costs for corporate litigation through attorney’s fees, indemnification obligations and increased insurance premiums.

The Evaluation Committee and the Board recognize that derivative litigation can serve an important accountability function for stockholders. The one-percent ownership threshold is designed to prohibit stockholders who lack a material economic interest from bringing frivolous litigation putatively on behalf of the Company while preserving meaningful remedies for stockholders with a more significant stake in the Company’s governance.

The Texas Reincorporation will eliminate the Company’s obligation to pay annual Delaware franchise tax, which was $250,000 in fiscal year 2025. Texas does not have a comparable annual tax based on outstanding equity. Rather, Texas’s franchise tax is generally based on receipts and applies to all corporations doing business in the state, whether organized in Texas or not. Given that the Company already pays the Texas franchise tax, this tax is not expected to change based on the Company’s state of incorporation. While the franchise tax savings alone are modest relative to the Company’s overall financial position, the Evaluation Committee and the Board viewed these cost savings as one of several supporting factors, rather than a primary rationale, for the Texas Reincorporation.

The Evaluation Committee and the Board also considered the following uncertainties, risks, and potentially countervailing factors in their deliberations concerning the Texas Reincorporation, which are not intended to be exhaustive and are not presented in any relative order of importance.

Although the Evaluation Committee and the Board believe that the Texas Reincorporation is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, the Texas Reincorporation may not result in all or any of the expected benefits described in this proxy statement.

Although the Evaluation Committee and the Board believe that recent Delaware case law can help inform and protect the Evaluation Committee’s and the Board’s decisions to reincorporate the Company in Texas, the Texas Reincorporation might still subject the Company to potential litigation regarding its decision to leave Delaware. Regardless of merit, the Texas Reincorporation may result in litigation, which may result in additional expense, uncertainty, and distraction for the Company.

The Company will also incur certain non-recurring costs in connection with the Texas Reincorporation, including legal and other transaction costs. A majority of these costs have already been incurred or will be incurred regardless of whether the Texas Reincorporation is ultimately completed. Many of the remaining expenses are difficult to accurately estimate at the present time, and additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in connection with the Texas Reincorporation.

The Delaware Court of Chancery and Supreme Court are highly respected and experienced business courts with an extensive body of case law. The trials in the Delaware Court of Chancery and Supreme Court are held before expert corporate law judges without a jury. Delaware statutory law is updated annually by the legislature. The Delaware system has long and widely been lauded for its expertise and ability to adjudicate complex disputes efficiently. The Texas Business Court began operations in September 2024 and is now handling a meaningful volume of cases, but will need time to develop reputationally and build a body of case law that provides levels of guidance to directors and officers comparable to that in Delaware. There is uncertainty regarding the timing and substance of such developments and it is possible that corporate law develops in Texas in ways that are not advantageous to the Company and its stockholders as compared to Delaware or any other jurisdiction.

The Company may face criticism over its decision to reincorporate in Texas from stockholders or proxy advisory services such as ISS or Glass Lewis, who may draw adverse comparisons between Texas law and Delaware law on specific governance points or may generally hold a preference for Delaware incorporation. For example, proxy advisory firms have expressed concern that limitations on derivative litigation may not serve stockholders’ interests absent compelling evidence of benefit, and they have criticized Texas’s codification of the business judgment rule as potentially limiting claims against directors or officers.

The proposed Texas Charter and Texas Bylaws have been drafted with an intent to largely reflect the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws and to retain comparable stockholder economic and voting rights to the extent the Evaluation Committee and the Board deemed appropriate and permissible under Texas law, as described below. The proposed Texas Charter provides certain additional stockholder rights that are statutory requirements under the TBOC and that the Evaluation Committee and the Board consider as beneficial to stockholders, such as providing that special stockholder meetings may be called by stockholders (the right may be exercised by 50% or the highest percentage then permitted by the TBOC of the outstanding shares of the Company’s capital stock entitled to vote at such meeting). The Evaluation Committee and the Board acknowledge that the 50% threshold, which represents the statutory maximum under the TBOC, may be difficult for stockholders to satisfy in practice, and that the Texas Charter additionally provides that if the TBOC is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the ability of stockholders to call special meetings, then the ability of shareholders to call special meetings shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the TBOC as so amended. The Evaluation Committee and the Board determined that this threshold appropriately balances the right of stockholders to convene special meetings against the risk of disruption from frequent special meeting requests.

Reincorporation in Texas puts certain limitations on stockholder derivative lawsuits. Unlike Delaware, Texas limits derivative proceedings by requiring a formal written demand on the corporation (whereas, in Delaware, a stockholder can bring a derivative proceeding without first making a litigation demand on the corporation’s board if the stockholder can adequately allege that such a demand would be futile). A Texas court shall dismiss a derivative proceeding on a motion by the corporation if a majority of independent and disinterested directors have determined in good faith, after conducting a reasonable inquiry, that continuing the derivative proceeding is not in the best interests of the corporation. In addition, the Texas Charter requires a one-percent share ownership threshold for the initiation of derivative proceedings, as permitted by the TBOC (see the section “Certain Differences Between Delaware Charter and Bylaws and Texas Charter and Bylaws” below).

Assuming that the Texas Reincorporation is completed as currently contemplated, the Company intends that the Texas Reincorporation qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(F) of the Code, and the Company intends to report the Texas Reincorporation consistent with such qualification. Assuming the Texas

Reincorporation qualifies for such treatment as a “reorganization,” a U.S. holder of the Company’s shares generally will not recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the conversion of such shares pursuant to the Texas Reincorporation. Please see “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Texas Reincorporation” below.

However, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Texas Reincorporation may differ for certain non-U.S. holders of the Company’s shares. The Company believes that it historically has been, and may continue to be, a “United States real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Any non-U.S. holder that holds, actually or constructively, more than five percent of the Company’s shares, or has held more than five percent of the Company’s shares at any time during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of the Texas Reincorporation or such non-U.S. holder’s holding period for such shares, may be required to satisfy certain tax reporting and additional requirements for nonrecognition treatment of the Texas Reincorporation to apply with respect to such non-U.S. holder. Non-U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them of the Texas Reincorporation.

The Texas Reincorporation will effect a change in the legal domicile of the Company and other changes, the most significant of which are described below. Following the Texas Reincorporation, we will be governed by the TBOC and Texas case law instead of the DGCL and Delaware case law, and we will be governed by the Texas Charter and the Texas Bylaws, instead of the Delaware Charter and the Delaware Bylaws. Approval of the Reincorporation Proposal will constitute approval of the Texas Charter and the Texas Bylaws. The Delaware Charter and the Delaware Bylaws will no longer be applicable following completion of the Texas Reincorporation.

The following summaries do not provide a complete description of the differences that may affect you. These summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to the Delaware Charter and the Delaware Bylaws, the Texas Charter and the Texas Bylaws, the DGCL and the TBOC, and the body of case law in both jurisdictions.

The Texas Charter and Texas Bylaws have been drafted with an intent to reflect the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws to the extent the Evaluation Committee and the Board deemed appropriate. As summarized below, there are certain differences that may relate to your rights as a stockholder, as well as the corporate governance of the Company, between the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws, on the one hand, and the Texas Charter and Texas Bylaws, on the other hand, as informed by the respective statutory frameworks of the DGCL and the TBOC.

The statutory corporate laws of Texas, as contained in the TBOC, are similar in many respects to those of Delaware, as contained in the DGCL. However, there are certain differences that may relate to your rights as a stockholder, as well as the corporate governance of the Company. The following are brief summaries of certain legal considerations relating to the current rights of stockholders of a Delaware corporation and the rights of shareholders of a Texas corporation and the corporate governance of a company in Delaware and in Texas. Certain differences in the legal considerations described below may not affect you in light of the Company’s decision to include certain optional provisions in the Texas Charter and the Texas Bylaws, as permitted by the TBOC.

We will continue to be a publicly traded company following completion of the Texas Reincorporation, and the Delaware Corporation Common Stock will continue to be listed on NYSE and NYSE Texas as the Texas Corporation

Common Stock and traded under the symbol “AESI.” The Company will continue to file required periodic reports and other documents with the SEC. We do not expect any interruption in trading as a result of the Texas Reincorporation. We and our stockholders will be in the same respective positions under the federal securities laws after the Texas Reincorporation as we and our stockholders were prior to the Texas Reincorporation.

Effecting the Texas Reincorporation will not have any material accounting implications.

Stockholders will not have to exchange their existing stock certificates for new stock certificates. At the Effective Time, each outstanding share of Delaware Corporation Common Stock will automatically be converted into one share of Texas Corporation Common Stock, and stock certificates will represent the same number of shares of the Texas Corporation as they represented of the Delaware Corporation.

The Plan of Conversion provides that the Texas Reincorporation will not extinguish the standing of any person or entity who is a plaintiff in any derivative action or suit brought on behalf of the Delaware Corporation (including any appeal from such a derivative action or suit) that is pending at the Effective Time or extinguish or adversely affect the standing or ability of any such person or entity to initiate such a derivative action or suit on behalf of the Delaware Corporation regarding acts, omissions or transactions occurring prior to the Effective Time if such person or entity was a stockholder or beneficial owner of the Delaware Corporation at the time of such act, omission or transaction, provided that, in each case, such person or entity maintains such person’s or entity’s status as a shareholder or beneficial owner of the Texas Corporation through the pendency of any such derivative action or suit. Following the Effective Time, the Texas Corporation will not assert that the Texas Reincorporation, or the application of the laws of the State of Texas to the Texas Corporation, extinguished or adversely affected the standing or ability (as applicable) of any such plaintiff to initiate or maintain any such derivative action or suit.

The following is a general discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Texas Reincorporation to U.S. holders (as defined below) of Delaware Corporation Common Stock who receive Texas Corporation Common Stock upon the conversion of their Delaware Corporation Common Stock pursuant to the Texas Reincorporation. This discussion is based on the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial interpretations thereof and published rulings and other positions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), each as in effect as of the date of this proxy statement, and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations (possibly with retroactive effect). Any such change or differing interpretation could affect the accuracy of the statements and conclusions set forth in this discussion. The U.S. federal income tax laws are complex and subject to varying interpretation. The Company has not sought, and does not intend to seek, any ruling from the IRS with respect to the statements made and the positions or conclusions described in the following summary, and there can be no assurance the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position.

The following discussion is limited to U.S. holders that hold their Delaware Corporation Common Stock as a “capital asset” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion is not a complete description of all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Texas Reincorporation, nor does it address (i) any tax consequences arising under the laws of any U.S. state or local or non-U.S. jurisdiction or under any U.S. federal laws other than those pertaining to U.S. federal income taxation or (ii) the tax consequences of owning and disposing of Texas Corporation Common Stock received in the Texas Reincorporation. Further, this discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to particular U.S. holders of Delaware Corporation Common Stock in light of their individual circumstances (including the impact of the Medicare surtax on certain net investment income) or to U.S. holders of Delaware Corporation Common Stock that are subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws, such as:

THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE TEXAS REINCORPORATION TO A HOLDER OF DELAWARE CORPORATION COMMON STOCK MAY BE COMPLEX AND WILL DEPEND ON SUCH HOLDER’S SPECIFIC SITUATION AND FACTORS NOT WITHIN THE COMPANY’S CONTROL. HOLDERS OF SHARES ARE STRONGLY ENCOURAGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE TEXAS REINCORPORATION TO THEM IN LIGHT OF THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF ANY U.S. FEDERAL, STATE OR LOCAL, NON-U.S. OR OTHER TAX LAWS AND OF POTENTIAL CHANGES IN SUCH LAWS.

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of Delaware Corporation Common Stock that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:

If a partnership (including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Delaware Corporation Common Stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partnership or partner level. Accordingly, if you are a partner in a partnership (including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that holds Delaware Corporation Common Stock, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the tax consequences to you of the Texas Reincorporation.

Assuming that the Texas Reincorporation is completed as currently contemplated, the Company intends that the Texas Reincorporation qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(F) of the Code, and the Company intends to report the Texas Reincorporation consistent with such qualification. However, the Company has not sought, and does not intend to seek, any ruling from the IRS regarding the qualification of the Texas Reincorporation as a reorganization, and there can be no assurance that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to the treatment of the Texas Reincorporation as a reorganization.

Assuming the Texas Reincorporation qualifies as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(F) of the Code, then, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

If a U.S. holder of Delaware Corporation Common Stock holds different blocks of Delaware Corporation Common Stock (generally, shares acquired at different times or at different prices), such U.S. holder’s basis and holding period in its Texas Corporation Common Stock may be determined separately with reference to each block of Delaware Corporation Common Stock. Any such U.S. holder should consult with its tax advisor with respect to the determination of the tax bases and holding periods of the particular Delaware Corporation Common Stock converted into such Texas Corporation Common Stock.

THE PRECEDING DISCUSSION IS INTENDED ONLY AS A SUMMARY OF CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO U.S. HOLDERS OF THE TEXAS REINCORPORATION. IT IS NOT A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OR DISCUSSION OF ALL POTENTIAL TAX CONSEQUENCES THAT MAY BE IMPORTANT TO A PARTICULAR HOLDER. ALL HOLDERS OF DELAWARE CORPORATION COMMON STOCK ARE STRONGLY ENCOURAGED TO CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE TEXAS REINCORPORATION TO THEM, INCLUDING TAX REPORTING REQUIREMENTS AND THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF ANY U.S. FEDERAL, STATE OR LOCAL, NON-U.S. OR OTHER TAX LAWS AND OF POTENTIAL CHANGES IN SUCH LAWS.

The Texas Reincorporation is not being effected to prevent a change in control of the Company, nor is it in response to any present attempt known to the Board to acquire control of the Company or obtain representation on the Board. Moreover, the Principal Stockholders through their beneficial ownership of approximately 35.9% of the total outstanding shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock generally entitled to vote, could discourage, delay or frustrate any attempt to acquire control of the Company. Nevertheless, certain effects of the Texas Reincorporation may be considered to have anti-takeover implications by virtue of our being subject to Texas law following the Effective Time.

On July 2, 2024, Patrick Ayers, a purported shareholder (the “Plaintiff”), filed a derivative and class action complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery against certain current and former directors of the Company and certain of the Company’s affiliates. The complaint asserts claims of breach of fiduciary duty related to the corporate reorganization that changed the Company’s Up-C structure to a customary C corporation. The complaint seeks unspecified damages from the defendants for the Plaintiff individually and on behalf of the Company and other former Class A common stockholders as well as an award of attorneys’ fees and costs. We dispute these allegations. In April of this year, the parties attended a mediation where they discussed potential settlement of the lawsuit. Negotiations continued following the mediation, and on July 24, 2026 the parties executed a term sheet outlining the terms of a settlement. On September 11, 2026, the parties submitted a settlement stipulation and other documentation to the court which, if approved, would resolve all claims in exchange for a $17 million payment to the class member Class A common stockholders at the time of the reorganization. The court has scheduled a hearing for December 18, 2026 to consider whether to approve the settlement. There can be no assurances that the settlement reflected in such documentation will be approved by the court. Given the uncertainty of litigation, the stage of the case, and the legal standards that must be met for success on the merits, we cannot estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss that may result from this lawsuit if the settlement is not ultimately finalized and approved for any reason. The Texas Reincorporation will not affect this lawsuit or the settlement.

In connection with the Texas Reincorporation, the Company intends to make filings with the Secretary of State of the State of Texas and the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and does not anticipate making any other filings to effect the Texas Reincorporation.

Under the DGCL, holders of Delaware Corporation Common Stock are not entitled to appraisal rights with respect to the Texas Reincorporation.

As described under the headings “Proposal to Approve the Reincorporation of the Company to the State of Texas by Conversion — Background of the Reincorporation Proposal — The Evaluation of the Reincorporation Proposal by the Evaluation Committee and the Board” and “Proposal to Approve the Reincorporation of the Company to the State of Texas by Conversion — Effects of the Texas Reincorporation — Comparison of Stockholder Rights under Delaware and Texas Law,” Texas law may be deemed to provide greater protection than Delaware to officers and directors for some potential liabilities or claims that may arise after the Texas Reincorporation. As a result, stockholders should be aware in voting on the Reincorporation Proposal that our directors and officers may be considered to have interests in the Texas Reincorporation that are different from, or in addition to, the interests of the stockholders generally. The Evaluation Committee has considered these potential interests, among other matters, in reaching the decision to approve the Texas Reincorporation.

The Reincorporation Proposal will be approved if a majority of the outstanding shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock entitled to vote thereon are voted for the Reincorporation Proposal (i.e., for the approval of the Texas Reincorporation, including the Plan of Conversion, and the adoption of the Texas Reincorporation Resolutions). Abstentions and broker non-votes (if any) will have the same effect as a vote “against” the Reincorporation Proposal. Because the Reincorporation Proposal is considered a non-routine matter under applicable rules and there are no routine matters to be voted upon, we do not expect that banks, brokers, or other nominees will have discretionary voting authority with respect to shares held in street name for their clients.

THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS A VOTE FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE TEXAS REINCORPORATION, INCLUDING THE PLAN OF CONVERSION, AND THE ADOPTION OF THE TEXAS REINCORPORATION RESOLUTIONS.

The Adjournment Proposal, if approved, will allow the Company to adjourn the Special Meeting to another time and place (if any), if necessary or appropriate, to permit further solicitation of proxies if there are insufficient votes at the time of the Special Meeting to approve the Reincorporation Proposal.

In this Adjournment Proposal, the Company is asking stockholders to authorize the holder of any proxy solicited by the Board (and each of them individually) to vote in favor of adjourning the Special Meeting (or any adjournment thereof) to another time and place (if any), if necessary or appropriate (as determined in good faith by the Board), to solicit additional proxies in the event there are not sufficient votes to approve the Reincorporation Proposal. If stockholders approve this Adjournment Proposal, the Company could adjourn the Special Meeting, and any adjourned or postponed session of the Special Meeting, and use the additional time to solicit additional proxies, including the solicitation of proxies from stockholders that have previously voted. Among other things, approval of this Adjournment Proposal could mean that, even if the Company had received proxies representing a sufficient number of votes to defeat the Reincorporation Proposal, the Company could adjourn the Special Meeting without a vote on the Reincorporation Proposal and seek to convince stockholders to change their votes in favor of the Reincorporation Proposal.

The Company currently does not intend to propose an adjournment or postponement of the Special Meeting if there are sufficient votes to approve the Reincorporation Proposal. If it is necessary or appropriate (as determined in good faith by the Board) to adjourn the Special Meeting, no notice of the adjourned meeting is required to be given to stockholders, other than an announcement at the Special Meeting of the time and place (if any) to which the Special Meeting is adjourned, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at the adjourned meeting, so long as the meeting is adjourned for 30 days or less and no new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting. At the adjourned meeting, the Company may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.

The Adjournment Proposal relates only to an adjournment of the Special Meeting for purposes of soliciting additional proxies to obtain the requisite stockholder approval to approve the Reincorporation Proposal. The Company retains full authority to the extent set forth in the Delaware Charter and the Delaware Bylaws, each as currently in effect, to adjourn the Special Meeting for any other purpose without the consent of any stockholder.

The Adjournment Proposal will be approved if a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock present in person or represented by proxy at the Special Meeting and entitled to vote thereon are voted for the Adjournment Proposal. Abstentions will have the same effect as a vote “against,” and broker non-votes (if any) will not have any effect on the outcome of, the Adjournment Proposal. Because the Adjournment Proposal is considered a non-routine matter under applicable rules and there are no routine matters to be voted upon, we do not expect that banks, brokers, or other nominees will have discretionary voting authority with respect to shares held in street name for their clients.

THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS A VOTE FOR THE APPROVAL OF ONE OR MORE ADJOURNMENTS OF THE SPECIAL MEETING, IF NECESSARY OR APPROPRIATE, TO SOLICIT ADDITIONAL PROXIES IF THERE ARE INSUFFICIENT VOTES AT THE TIME OF THE SPECIAL MEETING TO APPROVE THE REINCORPORATION PROPOSAL.

The following table sets forth information known to Atlas regarding the beneficial ownership of Delaware Corporation Common Stock as of the Record Date, by:

Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days. Shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock issuable pursuant to options or warrants are deemed to be outstanding for purposes of computing the beneficial ownership percentage of the person or group holding such options or warrants but are not deemed to be outstanding for purposes of computing the beneficial ownership percentage of any other person.

The beneficial ownership percentage is based on [•] shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock outstanding as of the Record Date. Unless otherwise indicated, (i) we believe that all persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock beneficially owned by them and (ii) the mailing address of each listed beneficial owner is 5918 W. Courtyard Dr., Suite 500, Austin, TX 78730.

Any stockholder who desires to include a proposal in our proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act for our 2027 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2027 Annual Meeting”) must deliver it so that it is received no later than November 27, 2026, or, if the 2027 Annual Meeting is not held within 30 days of the one-year anniversary of the 2026 Annual Meeting, a reasonable time before we begin to print and send our proxy materials for the 2027 Annual Meeting. Additionally, a stockholder must meet all applicable requirements under the rules of the SEC, including Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, necessary to have a proposal included in our proxy statement.

Under our Delaware Bylaws (or, if the Company completes the Texas Reincorporation, the Texas Bylaws), any stockholder who wants to propose a nominee for election as a director, or to present any other proposal not included in the proxy statement, at the 2027 Annual Meeting must deliver the proposal so it is received no earlier than January 7, 2027, and no later than February 6, 2027. Under our Delaware Bylaws (or, if the Company completes the Texas Reincorporation, the Texas Bylaws), however, if the date of the 2027 Annual Meeting is changed so that it is more than 30 days earlier or more than 60 days later than May 7, 2027, any such proposals must be delivered no later than the 10^th day following the day on which we first publicly announce the date of the 2027 Annual Meeting. Additionally, a stockholder must meet all other requirements set forth in our Delaware Bylaws (or, if the Company completes the Texas Reincorporation, the Texas Bylaws) in order to have its proposal or director nomination presented at the meeting. If a stockholder submitting a proposal or director nomination as described above does not comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-4 under the Exchange Act, or if otherwise authorized by applicable SEC rules, then we may exercise discretionary voting authority under proxies we solicit to vote in accordance with our best judgment on any such stockholder proposal or director nomination.

Any such proposals or director nominations must be sent, in writing, to the Corporate Secretary, Atlas Energy Solutions Inc., 5918 W. Courtyard Drive, Suite 500, Austin, Texas 78730.

Any stockholder who intends to solicit proxies in support of any director nominees must comply with the content requirements of SEC Rule 14a-19 (the SEC’s universal proxy rule) at the time it complies with the earlier deadlines in the Company’s advance notice provisions of our Delaware Bylaws (or, if the Company completes the Texas Reincorporation, the Texas Bylaws). Thus, if a stockholder intends to solicit proxies in support of any director nominees submitted under the advance notice provisions of the Delaware Bylaws (or, if the Company completes the Texas Reincorporation, the Texas Bylaws) for our 2027 Annual Meeting, then such stockholder must also provide proper written notice that sets forth all the information required by SEC Rule 14a-19 to the address shown previously in this section so that it is received no earlier than January 7, 2027, and no later than February 6, 2027; provided, however, that if our 2027 Annual Meeting is called for a date that is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after the first anniversary date of this year’s Annual Meeting, to be properly brought, timely notice by the stockholder must be so delivered not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of our 2027 Annual Meeting is first made by the Company.

Stockholders who share the same last name and address may receive one copy of the proxy materials, unless we receive contrary instructions from any stockholder at that address. This practice, known as “householding,” is designed to reduce the volume of duplicate information and reduce printing and postage costs.

We agree to deliver promptly, upon written or oral request, a separate copy of the proxy materials to any stockholder at the shared address to which a single copy was delivered. If you prefer to receive separate copies of proxy materials, or if you are currently a stockholder sharing an address with another stockholder and wish to receive only one copy of future proxy materials for your household, contact Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. at 1-866-540-7095 or in writing at Broadridge, Householding Department, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, New York 11717. Stockholders who hold shares in “street name” may contact their bank, broker, or other nominee to request information about householding.

The business to be transacted at the Special Meeting is limited to the purposes stated in the notice of the meeting. Accordingly, no other items of business may be properly brought before the Special Meeting.

The undersigned, being all of the members of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Atlas Energy Solutions Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), acting by written consent without a meeting pursuant to Section 3.6 of the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, do hereby consent to the adoption of the following resolutions:

WHEREAS, the Board determined that the Company should consider reincorporating the Company from the State of Delaware into the State of Texas;

WHEREAS, at a meeting of the Board held on May 13, 2026, the Board, by unanimous vote of the directors, formed an evaluation committee of the Board composed of A. Lance Langford, Mike Howard and Robb L. Voyles (the “Evaluation Committee”) with the powers, authority, and scope set forth in the resolutions of the Board duly adopted at that meeting;

WHEREAS, the Evaluation Committee determined to investigate and consider the reincorporation of the Company by the conversion of the Company from a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware (the Company when organized under such laws, the “Delaware Corporation”) to a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Texas (the Company when organized under such laws, the “Texas Corporation”) pursuant to and in accordance with Section 266 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), and Section 10.102 of the Texas Business Organizations Code (such conversion, the “Reincorporation”);

WHEREAS, the Evaluation Committee reviewed the (i) Certificate of Formation of the Texas Corporation, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Texas Charter”), and the Bylaws of the Texas Corporation, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “Texas Bylaws” and with the Texas Charter collectively, the “Texas Governing Documents”), and (ii) the proposed Plan of Conversion (the “Plan of Conversion”), substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C;

WHEREAS, the Plan of Conversion provides, among other things, that on completion of the Reincorporation, and without any further action on the part of any person: (a) each share of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Delaware Common Stock”), of the Delaware Corporation shall be automatically converted into one share of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Texas Corporation; and (b) the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (the “Delaware Charter”) and the Company’s existing Bylaws, as amended (the “Delaware Bylaws”), will be replaced with the Texas Charter and the Texas Bylaws, respectively;

WHEREAS, after investigating and considering the benefits and detriments of the Reincorporation, at a meeting of the Evaluation Committee held on September 8, 2026, the Evaluation Committee unanimously adopted resolutions determining that the Reincorporation is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, approving (and recommending for approval) the Reincorporation, and recommending that the Board submit the Reincorporation for approval and adoption by the stockholders of the Company at a special meeting of stockholders (including any adjournments or postponements thereof, the “Special Meeting”), and further recommending to the Board that (a) the Board and management take all necessary and appropriate steps to implement the Evaluation Committee’s determination consistent with legal obligations, and (b) the Board recommend that stockholders vote for the Reincorporation based on the Evaluation Committee’s determination that the Reincorporation is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders;

WHEREAS, following the presentation of the Evaluation Committee’s approvals and recommendations to the full Board by the Chairman of the Evaluation Committee, the Board has reviewed and considered the findings of the Evaluation Committee, the Evaluation Committee’s approval of the Reincorporation and recommendations, the Plan of Conversion, the Texas Governing Documents, and a comparison to the Delaware Charter and Delaware Bylaws, and has determined that approving and effecting the Reincorporation and approving and adopting, the Plan of Conversion and the Texas Governing Documents are in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders;

WHEREAS, the Board desires to hold the Special Meeting on   ,    and desires for Ben M. Brigham (the “Chairman”) to select the time and location (whether it be a physical location or in telephonic, electronic or virtual format) of the Special Meeting and, if the Chairman determines it necessary or advisable, to change such date;

WHEREAS, Section 2.3 of the Delaware Bylaws and the applicable provisions of the DGCL authorize the Board to fix a record date of not more than sixty days and not less than ten days before the date of the Special Meeting, and the Board desires to set the record date for the Special Meeting on   ,   , subject to the authority of the Chairman to change such date; and

WHEREAS, the Board desires to appoint an inspector of election for the Special Meeting (the “Inspector of Election”) to tabulate and report on the results of the voting at the Special Meeting.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT

RESOLVED, that, in accordance with and in consideration of the recommendation of the Evaluation Committee, the Board hereby (a) determines that the Reincorporation, the Plan of Conversion and the Texas Governing Documents are in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders and (b) approves and adopts, the Reincorporation, the Plan of Conversion, and the Texas Governing Documents;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the form, terms, provisions, and conditions of the Reincorporation, the Plan of Conversion and the Texas Governing Documents be, and the same hereby are, in all respects approved and adopted;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Board hereby directs the Chairman to call the Special Meeting for the purposes of (a) approving the Reincorporation (including the Plan of Conversion and the Texas Governing Documents) and adopting these resolutions approving the Reincorporation (the “Reincorporation Board Resolutions”), which approval and adoption shall require the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock of the Company entitled to vote thereon in accordance with Section 266 of the DGCL, and (b) approving one or more adjournments of the Special Meeting, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes at the time of the Special Meeting to approve the Reincorporation (the “Adjournment Proposal”), which approval shall require a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of stock of the Company present in person or represented by proxy at the Special Meeting and entitled to vote thereon;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Board hereby recommends a vote “FOR” the Reincorporation (including the Plan of Conversion and the Texas Governing Documents) and the adoption of the Reincorporation Board Resolutions and that the Company’s stockholders approve the Reincorporation (including the Plan of Conversion and the Texas Governing Documents) and adopt the Reincorporation Board Resolutions at the Special Meeting;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Board hereby recommends a vote “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal and that the Company’s stockholders approve the Adjournment Proposal;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that upon receipt of stockholder approval of the Reincorporation (including the Plan of Conversion and the Texas Governing Documents) and the adoption of the Reincorporation Board Resolutions, at the Special Meeting, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the General Counsel & Secretary and any other person authorized by the foregoing (the “Authorized Officers”) be, and each of them hereby is, authorized, empowered and directed, in the name and on behalf of the Company and without further action from the Board, to prepare, execute, file or cause to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and deliver all applications, reports, registrations, schedules, information or filings, agreements, documents, notices, certificates, statements, consents, approvals or other papers and instruments (and any amendments or supplements thereto) which may be required from time to time by applicable law or regulation or by applicable authorities in connection with these resolutions or related or incidental thereto, and take all such actions that such officer deems necessary, desirable or appropriate in order to perform the Company’s obligations under the Plan of Conversion and to consummate the Reincorporation, including, without limitation, (a) the execution and filing of certificates of conversion with the Secretary of State of the State of Texas and the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (collectively, the

“Certificates of Conversion”), as applicable, and the execution and filing of the Texas Charter with the Secretary of State of the State of Texas, (b) the filing of the annual franchise tax reports required by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and the payment of the applicable franchise taxes, (c) the payment of any fees that may be necessary in connection with the Reincorporation, (d) the submission of all required notifications to the New York Stock Exchange, (e) the filing of Current Reports on Form 8-K or Form 8-K12B and any other regulatory filings that may be necessary, desirable or appropriate in connection with the Reincorporation;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Reincorporation will become effective at the date and time (the “Effective Time”) specified in each of the Certificates of Conversion;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Special Meeting will be held on   ,   , or on such other date as may be selected by the Chairman, and such time and location (whether it be a physical location or in telephonic, electronic or virtual format) as selected by the Chairman;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the Special Meeting is hereby established on   ,    (the “Record Date”), subject to the authority of the Chairman to change such date;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Authorized Officers, be, and each of them hereby is, authorized, empowered and directed to prepare or cause to be prepared a complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at the Special Meeting, such list to be arranged in alphabetical order and to show the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of such stockholder (the “Stockholder List”);

RESOLVED FURTHER, that John Turner and Dathan Voelter be, and the same hereby are, authorized, empowered and directed to maintain the Stockholder List for inspection by any stockholder for any purpose germane to the Special Meeting, during ordinary business hours, at the principal executive offices of the Company for a period of at least ten (10) days ending on the day before the Special Meeting;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Chairman, in accordance with Section 2.9 of the Delaware Bylaws, shall serve as the Chairman of the Special Meeting, with the authority to preside at the Special Meeting, provided, however, that if such person is not present at the Special Meeting, Mr. Turner shall serve as the Chairman of the Special Meeting;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Chairman shall select and appoint an Inspector of Election for the Special Meeting, whose duty it shall be to determine the presence of a quorum at the Special Meeting; to receive all votes and ballots, whether by proxy or in person, with regard to all issues voted upon at the Special Meeting, to count and tabulate all such votes and ballots, and to determine the results with regard to all such issues and to report the same to the Special Meeting;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that if the Inspector of Election is unable or unwilling to serve for any reason in such capacity, the Chairman of the Special Meeting or any other person presiding at the Special Meeting is hereby authorized to appoint a substitute or replacement for such person;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Board and management of the Company shall be authorized to solicit proxies from the stockholders of the Company with respect to the Special Meeting and specifically solicit proxies in favor of the Reincorporation (including the Plan of Conversion and the Texas Governing Documents) and the Reincorporation Board Resolutions and the Adjournment Proposal, and that Mr. Turner and Mr. Voelter, with power of substitution to each, be named as the attorneys and proxies to receive and vote proxies solicited by the Board and management;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Authorized Officers be, and each of them hereby is, authorized, empowered and directed to prepare the Company’s Notice of Special Meeting of Stockholders and proxy statement relating to the Special Meeting (collectively, the “Proxy Statement”), proxy card and such other proxy materials relating to the Special Meeting, including under applicable federal securities and state corporate laws and regulations, to be filed or delivered to the SEC, as applicable, and distributed to stockholders in connection with the Special Meeting;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Authorized Officers be, and each of them hereby is, authorized, empowered and directed, for and in the name of and on behalf of the Company, to prepare, execute and file with or submit to the SEC any and all amendments relating to the Proxy Statement and proxy card, including all exhibits (if any) attached to the foregoing, and other documents relating thereto required by law or regulation in connection therewith, and to take any and all other actions as such officer may consider necessary or advisable or in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders relating thereto;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that the Authorized Officers be, and each of them hereby is, authorized, empowered and directed to cause and to do all things necessary or helpful to cause the Proxy Statement and proxy card to be mailed or otherwise transmitted to the holders of record of the Delaware Common Stock as of the close of business on the Record Date;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that, notwithstanding approval by the stockholders of the Company at the Special Meeting of the Reincorporation (including the Plan of Conversion and the Texas Governing Documents) and the adoption of the Reincorporation Board Resolutions, the Board may, at any time prior to the Effective Time, delay the Reincorporation or terminate and abandon the Plan of Conversion without further action by the stockholders of the Company, whether before or after the approval by the stockholders of the Company, if the Board determines for any reason that such delay or abandonment would be in the best interests of the Company and all of its stockholders, as the case may be;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that any and all acts and deeds taken by the Evaluation Committee in connection with the Reincorporation (including the Plan of Conversion and the Texas Governing Documents), be, and they hereby are, approved, confirmed and ratified in all respects as acts and deeds of the Company;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that any and all acts and deeds taken by the officers and agents of the Company in connection with the preparation, filing, mailing or transmission of the Proxy Statement and proxy card, including all exhibits (if any) attached to the foregoing, be, and they hereby are, approved, confirmed and ratified in all respects as acts and deeds of the Company;

RESOLVED, that the officers of the Company hereby are severally authorized, empowered and directed to sign, execute, certify to, verify, acknowledge, deliver, accept, file and record any and all such instruments, agreements and documents and to take or cause to be taken any and all such action, in the name and on behalf of the Company or otherwise, as each such officer shall, in such officer’s sole discretion, deem necessary or desirable and in the best interest of the Company in order to effect the purposes of the foregoing resolutions, and such officer’s signature, or such actions taken by such officer(s), shall be conclusive evidence that such officer(s) did deem the same to meet such standard; and

RESOLVED FURTHER, that any such actions previously taken by each such officer prior to the date hereof in furtherance of the purposes of the foregoing resolutions are hereby ratified, confirmed, adopted and approved.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned directors have duly executed this Unanimous Written Consent as of the date set forth above.

This PLAN OF CONVERSION (this “Plan”), dated as of    , 2026, is hereby adopted by Atlas Energy Solutions Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Converting Entity”), in order to set forth the terms, conditions and procedures governing its conversion into, and continued existence as, Atlas Energy Solutions Inc., a Texas corporation (the “Converted Entity”), pursuant to Title 1, Chapter 10, Subchapter C of the Texas Business Organizations Code (the “TBOC”).

WHEREAS, the board of directors of the Converting Entity has approved this Plan and the conversion of the Converting Entity into the Converted Entity (the “Conversion”), has adopted such resolutions as required pursuant to the terms of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), and has submitted and recommended this Plan and the Conversion for approval by the stockholders of the Converting Entity, and the stockholders of the Converting Entity have validly approved this Plan and the Conversion in accordance with the requirements of the DGCL and the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Converting Entity (the “Certificate of Incorporation”).

NOW, THEREFORE, the Converting Entity does hereby adopt this Plan, as set forth below:

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Atlas Energy Solutions Inc., a Delaware corporation, has caused this Plan of Conversion to be executed by its duly authorized representative as of the date first stated above.

Atlas Energy Solutions Inc. (the “Corporation”), a for-profit corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the Texas Business Organizations Code (as it currently exists or may hereafter be amended, the “TBOC”), hereby certifies as follows:

1. The Corporation was originally formed as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware under the name “AESI Holdings Inc.” by the filing of its original Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 28, 2023 (the “Delaware Corporation”). The principal place of business of the Delaware Corporation was 5918 W. Courtyard Drive, Suite 500, Austin, Texas 78730.

2. The Delaware Corporation was converted into a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Texas under the name “Atlas Energy Solutions Inc.” on [•], 2026, pursuant to a plan of conversion under which the Delaware Corporation converted into the Corporation.

Section 1.1. Name. The name of the Corporation is Atlas Energy Solutions Inc. The Corporation is a for-profit corporation.

Section 2.1. Registered Agent. The address of its registered office of the Corporation in the State of Texas is 211 East 7th Street, Suite 620, Austin, Texas 78701. The name of the Corporation’s registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company d/b/a CSC-Lawyers Incorporating. The initial mailing address of the Corporation is 5918 W. Courtyard Drive, Suite 500, Austin, Texas 78730.

Section 3.1. Purpose. The nature of the business or purposes to be conducted or promoted by the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the TBOC.

Section 4.1. Number of Shares.

(A) The total number of shares of stock that the Corporation shall have the authority to issue is 2,000,000,000 shares of stock, classified as:

(i) 500,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Preferred Stock”); and

(ii) 1,500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”).

(B) Subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, the number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding or reserved for the exercise of outstanding options or warrants or conversion of any authorized and outstanding convertible securities) by the affirmative vote of the holders of capital stock representing a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, and, to the fullest extent permitted by the TBOC, no vote of the holders of either Preferred Stock or Common Stock voting separately as a class shall be required therefor. For purposes of this Certificate of Formation, beneficial ownership of shares shall be determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

Section 4.2. Provisions Relating to Preferred Stock.

(A) Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series, the shares of each series to have such designations and powers, preferences, privileges and rights, and qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, as are stated and expressed herein and in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such series adopted by the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board”) as hereafter prescribed (a “Preferred Stock Designation”).

(B) Subject to any limitations prescribed by law and the rights of any series of the Preferred Stock then outstanding, if any, authority is hereby expressly granted to and vested in the Board to authorize the issuance of Preferred Stock from time to time in one or more series, and with respect to each series of Preferred Stock, to fix and state by the Preferred Stock Designation the designations and powers, preferences, privileges and rights, and qualifications, limitations and restrictions relating to each series of Preferred Stock, including, but not limited to, the following:

(i) whether or not the series is to have voting rights, full, special or limited, or is to be without voting rights, and whether or not such series is to be entitled to vote as a separate series either alone or together with the holders of one or more other classes or series of stock;

(ii) the number of shares to constitute the series and the designation thereof;

(iii) the preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, with respect to any series;

(iv) whether or not the shares of any series shall be redeemable at the option of the Corporation or the holders thereof or upon the happening of any specified event, and, if redeemable, the redemption price or prices (which may be payable or issuable in the form of cash, notes, securities or other property), and the time or times at which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such shares shall be redeemable and the manner of redemption;

(v) whether or not the shares of a series shall be subject to the operation of retirement or sinking funds to be applied to the purchase or redemption of such shares for retirement, and, if such retirement or sinking fund or funds are to be established, the annual amount thereof, and the terms and provisions relative to the operation thereof;

(vi) the dividend rate, whether dividends are payable in cash, stock of the Corporation or other property, the conditions upon which and the times when such dividends are payable, the preference to or the relation to the payment of dividends payable on any other class or classes or series of stock, whether or not such dividends shall be cumulative or noncumulative, and if cumulative, the date or dates from which such dividends shall accumulate;

(vii) the preferences, if any, and the amounts thereof which the holders of any series thereof shall be entitled to receive upon the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of, or upon any distribution of the assets of, the Corporation;

(viii) whether or not the shares of any series, at the option of the Corporation or the holder thereof or upon the happening of any specified event, shall be convertible into or exchangeable or redeemable for, the shares of any other class or classes or of any other series of the same or any other class or classes or series of stock, securities or other property of the Corporation and the conversion price or prices or ratio or ratios or the rate or rates at which such exchange or redemption may be made, with such adjustments, if any, as shall be stated and expressed or provided for in such resolution or resolutions; and

(ix) such other powers, preferences, privileges and rights, protective provisions and qualifications, limitations and restrictions with respect to any series as may to the Board seem advisable.

(C) The shares of each series of Preferred Stock may vary from the shares of any other series thereof in any or all of the foregoing respects. The Board may increase the number of shares of the Preferred Stock designated for any existing series by a resolution adding to such series authorized and unissued shares of the Preferred Stock not designated for any other series. Unless otherwise provided in the Preferred Stock Designation, the Board may

decrease the number of shares of the Preferred Stock designated for any existing series by a resolution subtracting from such series authorized and unissued shares of the Preferred Stock designated for such existing series, and the shares so subtracted shall become authorized, unissued and undesignated shares of the Preferred Stock.

Section 4.3. Provisions Relating to Common Stock.

(A) Except as may otherwise be provided in this Certificate of Formation, each share of Common Stock shall have identical rights and privileges in every respect. Common Stock shall be subject to the express terms of Preferred Stock and any series thereof. Except as may otherwise be provided in this Certificate of Formation or by applicable law, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each such share on all matters to which shareholders are entitled to vote, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall have the exclusive right to vote for the election of directors and on all other matters upon which shareholders are entitled to vote, and the holders of Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to vote at or receive notice of any meeting of shareholders, other than as provided in any Preferred Stock Designation. There shall be no cumulative voting. Each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to notice of any shareholders’ meeting in accordance with the bylaws of the Corporation (as in effect at the time in question) and applicable law on all matters put to a vote of the shareholders of the Corporation.

(B) As authorized by Section 21.365 of the TBOC, except as otherwise required in this Certificate of Formation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), any action of the Corporation which, under the provisions of the TBOC or any other applicable law, is required to be authorized or approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a specified portion of the shares entitled to vote which is in excess of the majority of all of the then outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote on such action shall, notwithstanding any such provision, be deemed effectively and properly authorized or approved if authorized or approved by the vote of the holders of capital stock representing a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the approval of a “fundamental action” or “fundamental business transaction” as each such term is defined in the TBOC requires the affirmative vote of the holders of capital stock representing a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class.

(C) Except as otherwise required in this Certificate of Formation (including any Preferred Stock Designation) or by applicable law, the holders of Common Stock shall vote together as a single class, and separate voting by class or series is not required, on all actions to be taken by the shareholders of the Corporation (or, if any holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to vote together with the holders of Common Stock, the holders of Common Stock and the Preferred Stock shall vote together as a single class), including in connection with any “fundamental business transaction” or “fundamental action” as each such term is defined in the TBOC.

(D) Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise required by applicable law or this Certificate of Formation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), holders of Common Stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Certificate of Formation (including any Preferred Stock Designation) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Certificate of Formation (including any Preferred Stock Designation) or pursuant to the TBOC.

(E) Subject to the prior rights and preferences, if any, applicable to shares of Preferred Stock or any series thereof, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by them such dividends (payable in cash, stock or otherwise), if any, as may be declared thereon by the Board at any time and from time to time out of any funds of the Corporation legally available therefor.

(F) In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, after distribution in full of the preferential amounts, if any, to be distributed to the holders of shares of Preferred Stock or any series thereof, and subject to the right of participation, if any, of the holders of shares of Preferred Stock in any dividends, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive all of the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its shareholders, ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by them. A dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Corporation, as such terms are used in this paragraph (F), shall not be deemed to be occasioned by or to include any consolidation or merger of the Corporation with or into any other corporation or corporations or other entity or a sale, lease, exchange or conveyance of all or a part of the assets of the Corporation.

(G) No shareholder shall, by reason of the holding of shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation, have any preemptive or preferential right to acquire or subscribe for any shares or securities of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, which may at any time be issued, sold or offered for sale by the Corporation, unless specifically provided for in a Preferred Stock Designation.

Section 5.1. Initial Directors, Term and Classes.

(A) The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board. In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred upon them by statute or by this Certificate of Formation or the bylaws of the Corporation, the directors are hereby empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation.

(B) The names and addresses of the directors constituting the initial Board are as follows:

(C) The directors, other than those who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock as specified in the related Preferred Stock Designation, shall be divided, with respect to the time for which they severally hold office, into three classes designated as “Class I Directors,” “Class II Directors” and “Class III Directors,” as nearly equal in number as is reasonably possible, with the initial term of office of the Class I Directors to expire at the first annual meeting of shareholders following the effectiveness of this Certificate of Formation, the initial term of office of the Class II Directors to expire at the second annual meeting of shareholders following the effectiveness of this Certificate of Formation, and the initial term of office of the Class III Directors to expire at the third annual meeting of shareholders following the effectiveness of this Certificate of Formation, with each director to hold office until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, subject, however, to such director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal, and the Board shall be authorized to assign members of the Board, other than those directors who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, to such classes. At each annual meeting of shareholders, directors elected to succeed those directors whose terms then expire shall be elected for a term of office to expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of shareholders after their election, with each director to hold office until their successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, subject, however, to such director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal.

Section 5.2. Vacancies. Subject to applicable law, the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding and the terms of the Amended and Restated Stockholders’ Agreement among the Corporation and certain of its shareholders, dated as of October 2, 2023 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Shareholders’ Agreement”), any newly created directorship that results from an increase in the number of directors or any vacancy on the Board that results from the death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal of any director or from any other cause may be filled in any manner permitted by the TBOC, including by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Any director elected to fill a vacancy not resulting from an increase in the number of directors shall hold office for the unexpired term of such director’s predecessor or until such director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal; provided, however, that a director elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of directors shall serve only until the next annual or special meeting of shareholders called to vote on the election of directors. No decrease in the number of authorized directors constituting the Board shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

Section 5.3. Removal. Subject to the rights of the holders of shares of any series of Preferred Stock, if any, to elect additional directors pursuant to this Certificate of Formation (including any Preferred Stock Designation) and subject to the terms of the Shareholders’ Agreement, any director may be removed only for cause, upon the affirmative vote of the holders of capital stock representing at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally for the election of directors.

Section 5.4. Additional Preferred Stock Directors. During any period when the holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock have the separate right to elect additional directors as provided for or fixed pursuant to the provisions of this Certificate of Formation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), and upon commencement and for the duration of the period during which such right continues: (A) the then otherwise total authorized number of directors of the Corporation shall automatically be increased by such number of directors that the holders of any series of Preferred Stock have a right to elect, and the holders of such Preferred Stock shall be entitled to elect the additional directors so provided for or fixed pursuant to said provisions; and (B) each such additional director shall serve until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, or until such director’s right to hold such office terminates pursuant to said provisions, whichever occurs earlier, subject to such additional director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal. Except as otherwise provided for or fixed pursuant to the provisions of this Certificate of Formation (including any Preferred Stock Designation), whenever the holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock having a separate right to elect additional directors cease to have or are otherwise divested of such right pursuant to said provisions, the terms of office of all such additional directors elected by the holders of such series of Preferred Stock, or elected to fill any vacancies resulting from the death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal of such additional directors, shall forthwith terminate (in which case each such additional director shall cease to be qualified as a director and shall cease to be a director) and the total authorized number of directors of the Corporation shall be automatically reduced accordingly.

Section 5.5. Number. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances, if any, and the terms of the Shareholders’ Agreement, the number of directors shall be fixed from time to time exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Whole Board. Unless and except to the extent that the bylaws of the Corporation so provide, the election of directors need not be by written ballot. For purposes of this Certificate of Formation, the term “Whole Board” shall mean the total number of authorized directors whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships.

Section 5.6. Committees. The Board may designate and appoint from among its members one or more committees, which may have one or more members, and the Board may designate one or more of its members as alternate members, who may, subject to any limitations imposed by the Board, replace absent or disqualified members at any meeting of such committee. The shareholders of the Corporation shall have no power to appoint or remove directors as members of committees of the Board, nor to abrogate the power of the Board to establish any such committees or the power of any such committee to exercise the powers and authority of the Board.

Section 6.1. Shareholder Consents. Subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock with respect to such series of Preferred Stock, any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by all holders of outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote on such action.

Section 7.1. Special Meetings. Special meetings of shareholders of the Corporation, and any proposals to be considered at such meetings, may be called and proposed only by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, the President of the Corporation to the extent required by the TBOC, or, pursuant to a resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Whole Board, by the Board. Special meetings of the shareholders of the Corporation may also be called by the Secretary of the Corporation at the request of the holders of not less than fifty percent (or the highest percentage then permitted by the TBOC) of all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such special meeting, and in either case made in accordance with the provisions and requirements of the bylaws of the Corporation. If the TBOC is amended to authorize corporate action

further eliminating or limiting the ability of shareholders to call special meetings, then the ability of shareholders to call special meetings shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the TBOC as so amended. The Board shall fix the date, time and place, if any, of such special meeting. Business transacted at any special meeting of shareholders shall be limited to matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of meeting. The Board may postpone, recess, adjourn, reschedule or cancel any special meeting of the shareholders previously scheduled by the Board (other than a special meeting called at the request of shareholders).

Section 8.1. Bylaws. In furtherance of, and not in limitation of, the powers conferred by the laws of the State of Texas, the Board is expressly authorized to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws of the Corporation. Any adoption, amendment or repeal of the bylaws of the Corporation by the Board shall require the approval of a majority of the Whole Board. Shareholders shall also have the power to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws of the Corporation; provided, however, that, in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the Corporation required by law or by this Certificate of Formation, the bylaws of the Corporation may be adopted, altered, amended or repealed by the shareholders of the Corporation only by the affirmative vote of holders of shares of capital stock representing not less than 66 2/3% in voting power of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in the bylaws of the Corporation shall be deemed to limit the ability of the parties to the Shareholders’ Agreement to amend, alter or repeal any provision of the Shareholders’ Agreement pursuant to the terms thereof, provided that no amendment to the Shareholders’ Agreement (whether or not such amendment modifies any provision of the Shareholders’ Agreement to which the bylaws of the Corporation are subject) shall amend the bylaws of the Corporation. The bylaws of the Corporation shall not contain any provision inconsistent with this Certificate of Formation. No bylaws hereafter made or adopted, nor any repeal of or amendment thereto, shall invalidate any prior act of the Board that was valid at the time it was taken.

Section 9.1. Limitation of Director and Officer Liability. No director or officer of the Corporation shall be personally liable to the Corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, as applicable, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the TBOC as it now exists or may hereafter be amended. Any amendment, repeal or modification of this Article IX that purports to affect the scope of limitations on the liability of a director or officer shall be prospective only and shall not affect any limitation on liability of a director or officer, as applicable, for acts or omissions occurring prior to the date of such amendment, repeal or modification.

Section 10.1. Corporate Opportunity.

(A) Designated Parties (defined below) may own substantial equity interests in other entities and may make investments and enter into advisory service agreements and other agreements from time to time. Certain Designated Parties may also serve as employees, partners, officers or directors of other companies and, at any given time, certain Designated Parties may be in direct or indirect competition with the Corporation and/or its subsidiaries. The Corporation renounces, to the maximum extent permitted by law and in accordance with Section 2.101(21) of the TBOC, all interest and expectancy that it otherwise would be entitled to have in, and all rights to be offered an opportunity to participate in, any business opportunity that from time to time may be presented to the Designated Parties. To the maximum extent permitted by law, no Designated Party shall have any obligation to refrain from: (i) engaging in or managing the same or similar activities or lines of business as the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries or developing or marketing any products or services that compete (directly or indirectly) with those of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) investing in or owning any (public or private) interest in any Person engaged in the same or similar activities or lines of business as, or otherwise in competition with, the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries (including any Designated Party, a “Competing Person”); (iii) developing a business relationship with any Competing Person; or (iv) entering into any agreement to provide any service(s) to any Competing Person or acting as an officer, director, member, manager or advisor to, or other principal of, any Competing Person, regardless (in the case of each of (i) through (iv)) of whether such

activities are in direct or indirect competition with the business or activities of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries. To the maximum extent permitted by law, if any Designated Party acquires knowledge of a potential transaction or other business opportunity which may be a corporate opportunity both for such Designated Party or any of his or her respective Affiliates, on the one hand, and for the Corporation or its subsidiaries, on the other hand, such Designated Party shall have no duty to communicate or offer such transaction or business opportunity to the Corporation or its subsidiaries and such Designated Party may take any and all such transactions or opportunities for itself or offer such transactions or opportunities to any other Person. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 10.1(A) shall not apply to any potential transaction or business opportunity that is expressly offered to a director, officer or employee of the Corporation or its subsidiaries, solely in his or her capacity as a director, officer or employee of the Corporation or its subsidiaries.

(B) Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article X, nor the adoption of any provision of this Certificate of Formation, nor, to the fullest extent permitted by Texas law, any modification of law, shall eliminate, reduce or otherwise adversely affect any right or protection of any Person granted pursuant hereto existing at, or arising out of or related to any event, act or omission that occurred prior to, the time of such amendment, repeal, adoption or modification (regardless of when any proceeding (or part thereof) relating to such event, act or omission arises or is first threatened, commenced or completed).

(C) If any provision or provisions of this Article X shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any circumstance or any reason whatsoever, (i) the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and the remaining provisions of this Article X (including, without limitation, each portion of any paragraph of this Article X containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and (ii) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article X (including, without limitation, each such portion of any paragraph of this Article X containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to permit the Corporation to protect its directors, officers, employees and agents from personal liability in respect of their good faith service to or for the benefit of the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

(D) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any Person purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in any shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of, and to have consented to, the provisions of this Article X. This Article X shall not limit any protections or defenses available to, or indemnification or advancement rights of, any director or officer of the Corporation under this Certificate of Formation, the bylaws of the Corporation or any applicable law.

Section 10.2. Definitions. For purposes of this Article X, the following terms have the following definitions:

(A) “Affiliate” means, with respect to a specified Person, a Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such specified Person; with respect to any Designated Party, an “Affiliate” shall include (i) any Person who is the direct or indirect ultimate holder of “equity securities” (as such term is described in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)) of such Designated Party, and (ii) any investment fund, alternative investment vehicle, special purpose vehicle or holding company that is directly or indirectly managed, advised or controlled by such Designated Party.

(B) “control,” including the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with,” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote, by contract, or otherwise. A Person who is the owner of 20% or more of the then­ outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote of the Corporation, partnership, unincorporated association or other entity shall be presumed to have control of such entity, in the absence of proof by a preponderance of the evidence to the contrary. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a presumption of control shall not apply where such Person holds the then-outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote, in good faith and not for the purpose of circumventing this Section 10.2, as an agent, bank, broker, nominee, custodian or trustee for one or more owners who do not individually or as a group have control of such entity.

(C) “Designated Parties” means the Principal Shareholders and any member of the Board who is not at the time an officer of the Corporation, and their respective Affiliates (other than the Corporation) and all of their respective interests in other entities (existing and future) that participate in the energy industry, as applicable.

(D) “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, firm, association, trust, estate or other entity.

Section 11.1. Business Combinations with Affiliated Shareholders. The Corporation shall not be governed by Section 21.606 of the TBOC (or any successor provision thereto) (“Section 21.606”), and the restrictions contained in Section 21.606 shall not apply to the Corporation until immediately following the time at which both of the following conditions exist (if ever): (A) Section 21.606 by its terms would, but for the provisions of this Article XI, apply to the Corporation; and (B) none of the Principal Shareholders beneficially own (as defined in Section 21.603 of the TBOC) twenty percent (20%) or more of the outstanding voting shares of the Corporation (as defined in Section 21.601 of the TBOC), and the Corporation shall thereafter be governed by Section 21.606 if and for so long as Section 21.606 by its terms shall apply to the Corporation.

Section 12.1. Amendments.

(A) The Corporation shall have the right, subject to any express provisions or restrictions contained in this Certificate of Formation, from time to time, to amend this Certificate of Formation or any provision hereof in any manner now or hereafter provided by applicable law, and all rights and powers of any kind conferred upon a director or shareholder of the Corporation by this Certificate of Formation or any amendment hereof are subject to such right of the Corporation.

(B) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Formation (and in addition to any other vote that may be required by applicable law or this Certificate of Formation), the affirmative vote of the holders of capital stock representing at least 66 2/3% in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend, alter or repeal any provision of this Certificate of Formation; provided, however, that the amendment, alteration or repeal of Section 4.1 shall only require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class.

(C) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Formation (and in addition to any other vote that may be required by applicable law or this Certificate of Formation), prior to, on and after the Trigger Date, the affirmative vote of the holders of capital stock representing at least 75% in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, shall be required to (i) amend, alter or repeal any provision of this Certificate of Formation to (a) include a provision authorized by Section 362(a)(1) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) (or any successor provision thereof) in order for the Corporation to become a “public benefit corporation” (as defined in Section 362(a) of the DGCL (or any successor provision thereof)) or (b) otherwise cause or allow the Corporation to become a “public benefit corporation” or similar entity; (ii) merge or consolidate with or into, or convert into, another entity if, as a result of such merger, consolidation or conversion, any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation would become, or be converted into or exchanged for the right to receive, shares or other equity interests in a domestic or foreign “public benefit corporation” or similar entity; or (iii) amend, alter or repeal (by merger, consolidation, conversion or otherwise) this Section 12.1(C).

(D) Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Certificate of Formation shall be deemed to limit the ability of the parties to the Shareholders’ Agreement to amend, alter or repeal any provision of the Shareholders’ Agreement pursuant to the terms thereof, provided that no amendment to the Shareholders’ Agreement (whether or not such amendment modifies any provision of the Shareholders’ Agreement to which this Certificate of Formation is subject) shall amend this Certificate of Formation.

Section 13.1. Exclusive Forum.

(A) Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Business Court in the Third Business Court Division of the State of Texas (the “Business Court”) (or, if the Business Court does

not have jurisdiction or otherwise cannot, or declines to, hear the applicable cause of action, the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas, Austin Division (the “Federal Court”) or, if the Federal Court lacks jurisdiction or otherwise cannot, or declines to, hear the applicable cause of action, the state district court of Travis County, Texas), in each case, subject to that court having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named defendants therein shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, employee, shareholder, or agent of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s shareholders, including a claim alleging the aiding and abetting of such breach of fiduciary duty, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the TBOC, this Certificate of Formation or by the bylaws of the Corporation (as either may be amended or restated) or as to which the TBOC confers jurisdiction on the Business Court, (iv) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of this Certificate of Formation or the bylaws of the Corporation, (v) any action asserting a claim related to or involving the Corporation that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, (vi) any other action asserting a claim against the Corporation, its directors, officers or employees constituting an “internal entity claim” as that term is defined in Section 2.115 of the TBOC, and (vii) any other action within the jurisdiction of the Business Court, including any claims within the supplemental jurisdiction of the Business Court. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. To the fullest extent permitted by law, any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article XIII. If any provision or provisions of this Article XIII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article XIII (including, without limitation, each portion of any sentence of this Article XIII containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) and the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. The provisions of this Article XIII shall not apply to actions brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act.

(B) Each current or former shareholder, and beneficial owner of shares, director and officer of the Corporation irrevocably and unconditionally waives any right it may have to a trial by jury in any legal action, proceeding, cause of action, cross-claim or counterclaim (including with respect to those brought derivatively on behalf of the Corporation) concerning (i) any “internal entity claim” as that term is defined in Section 2.115 of the TBOC, (ii) to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, in any other claim, action, or proceeding against the Corporation or any director, officer, or other employee of the Corporation, and (iii) any claim arising under or pursuant to the TBOC, this Certificate of Formation or the bylaws of the Corporation (as either may be amended or restated). Each shareholder agrees that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, such shareholder’s purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation, or options or rights to acquire shares of capital stock of the Corporation following the adoption of this Certificate of Formation, constitutes such shareholder’s intentional and knowing waiver of any right to trial by jury with respect to such claims.

Section 14.1. Derivative Proceedings. The Corporation affirmatively elects to be governed by Section 21.419 of the TBOC and any successor provision thereto. No shareholder of the Corporation may institute or maintain a derivative proceeding in the right of the Corporation unless that shareholder is a Shareholder (as defined in Section 21.551(2) of the TBOC) that, at the time the derivative proceeding is instituted, holds at least one percent of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate of Formation as of [•], 2026.

SECTION 1.1. Registered Office. The registered office of Atlas Energy Solutions Inc. (the “Corporation”) in the State of Texas shall be as set forth in the Certificate of Formation of the Corporation, as it may be further amended, restated, supplemented and otherwise modified from time to time (the “Certificate of Formation”), and the name of the Corporation’s registered agent at such address is as set forth in the Certificate of Formation. The registered office and registered agent of the Corporation may be changed from time to time by the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board”) in the manner provided by applicable law.

SECTION 1.2. Other Offices. The Corporation may have such other offices, either within or outside of the State of Texas, as the Board may designate or as the business of the Corporation may from time to time require.

SECTION 1.3. Books and Records. The books and records of the Corporation may be kept outside the State of Texas at such place or places as may from time to time be designated by the Board.

SECTION 2.1. Annual Meetings. If required by applicable law, an annual meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation shall be held for the election of directors at such date, time and place, if any, either within or outside of the State of Texas, as may be fixed by the Board, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, as the case may be, and stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice of such meeting. The Board may postpone, recess, adjourn, reschedule or cancel any annual meeting of shareholders previously scheduled by the Board. Any other proper business may be transacted at the annual meeting.

SECTION 2.2. Special Meetings. Special meetings may be called in the manner as specified in the Certificate of Formation and these Bylaws. In order for the Secretary to call a special meeting pursuant to the request of shareholders pursuant to this Section 2.2, the request for a special meeting must be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, be accompanied by the same information set forth in Section 2.8(a) of these Bylaws that is applicable to a shareholder proposal or nomination at an annual or special meeting of shareholders and otherwise comply with the TBOC, the Certificate of Formation, and the other provisions of these Bylaws, as determined by the Board.

SECTION 2.3. Record Date.

(A) In order that the Corporation may determine the shareholders entitled to notice of any meeting of shareholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall, unless otherwise required by applicable law, not be more than 60 nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting. If the Board so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board may fix a new record date for determination of shareholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for shareholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or earlier date as that fixed for determination of shareholders entitled to vote in accordance herewith at the adjourned meeting.

(B) In order that the Corporation may determine the shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion, exchange or redemption of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall not be more than 60 days prior to such action. If no such record date is fixed, the record date for determining shareholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto.

(C) Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Formation, in order that the Corporation may determine the shareholders entitled to express consent to corporate action without a meeting, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall not be more than ten days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board. If no record date for determining shareholders entitled to express consent to corporate action without a meeting is fixed by the Board, (i) when no prior action of the Board is required by applicable law, the record date for such purpose shall be the first date on which a signed consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation in accordance with applicable law, and (ii) if prior action by the Board is required by applicable law, the record date for such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

SECTION 2.4. Shareholder List. The Corporation shall prepare, no later than the eleventh day before every meeting of shareholders, a complete list of shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders, arranged in alphabetical order for each class of stock and showing the address of each such shareholder and the number of shares registered in the name of such shareholder. Nothing contained in this section shall require the Corporation to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any shareholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least ten days ending on the day before the meeting date, either on a reasonably accessible electronic network (provided that the information required to gain access to the list is provided with the notice of the meeting) or during ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the Corporation. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, the stock ledger of the Corporation shall be prima facie evidence as to who are the shareholders entitled by this section to examine the list required by this section or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of the shareholders.

SECTION 2.5. Notice of Meeting. Unless otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws, notice shall be given not less than ten days nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting, to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice shall specify (A) the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting (if such date is different from the record date for shareholders entitled to notice of the meeting), (B) the place, if any, date and time of such meeting, (C) the means of remote communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, (D) in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which such meeting is called and (E) such other information as may be required by applicable law or as may be deemed appropriate by the Board, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary of the Corporation. If the shareholder list referred to in Section 2.4 of these Bylaws is made accessible on an electronic network, the notice of meeting must indicate how the shareholder list can be accessed. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail with postage thereon prepaid, addressed to the shareholder at his or her address as it appears on the stock transfer books of the Corporation. The Corporation may also provide shareholders with notice of a meeting including by electronic transmission in accordance with the requirements of Section 21.3531 of the Texas Business Organizations Code (the “TBOC”). Such further notice shall be given as may be required by applicable law. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of shareholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the notice of meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing, notice of a shareholder meeting regarding a fundamental business transaction (as defined in the TBOC) must (x) be given to each shareholder of the Corporation not later than 21 days prior to the meeting, regardless of whether the shareholder is entitled to vote on the matter, and (y) state that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to consider a fundamental business transaction.

SECTION 2.6. Quorum and Adjournment of Meetings.

(A) Except as otherwise required by applicable law, the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws, the holders of a majority of the voting power of all of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at the meeting, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of shareholders, except that when specified business is to be voted on by a class or series of stock voting as a class, the holders of a majority of the voting power of

all of the outstanding shares of such class or series, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum of such class or series for the transaction of such business. For the avoidance of doubt, abstentions shall be treated as present for purposes of determining the presence or absence of a quorum. The presiding person at the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time for any reason, whether or not there is such a quorum. The shareholders present at a duly called meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum.

(B) Any meeting of shareholders, annual or special, may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the date, time and place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken or are provided in any other manner permitted by the TBOC; provided, however, that if the adjournment is for more than 30 days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If after the adjournment a new record date for determination of shareholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board shall fix as the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of shareholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each shareholder of record as of the record date so fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting.

SECTION 2.7. Proxies. At all meetings of shareholders, a shareholder may vote by proxy. The authorization of a person to act as proxy may be documented, signed and delivered in accordance with Section 21.367 of the TBOC provided that such authorization shall set forth, or be delivered with information enabling the Corporation to determine the identity of the shareholder granting such authorization. Any copy, facsimile transmission or other reliable reproduction of the document (including any electronic transmission) created pursuant to this section may be substituted or used in lieu of the original document for any and all purposes for which the original document could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile transmission or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original document. No proxy may be voted or acted upon after the expiration of eleven months from the date of such proxy, unless such proxy provides otherwise. The revocability of a proxy that states on its face that it is irrevocable shall be governed by the provisions of Sections 21.368 and 21.369 of the TBOC.

SECTION 2.8. Notice of Shareholder Business and Nominations.

(A) Annual Meetings of Shareholders.

(i) Nominations of persons for election to the Board and the proposal of other business to be considered by the shareholders at an annual meeting of shareholders may be made only (a) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), (b) by or at the direction of the Board or any authorized committee thereof, (c) by any shareholder of the Corporation who (1) was a shareholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in these Bylaws and at the time of the annual meeting, (2) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (3) complies with the notice procedures and other requirements set forth in these Bylaws and applicable law, or (d) by shareholders of the Corporation who are given such rights or abilities under the Amended & Restated Stockholders’ Agreement, among the Corporation and certain of its shareholders, dated as of October 2, 2023 (as further amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Shareholders’ Agreement”), pursuant to the terms of the Shareholders’ Agreement. Sections 2.8(A)(i)(c) and (d) of these Bylaws shall be the exclusive means for a shareholder to make nominations or submit other business (other than matters properly brought under and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as applicable, and included in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, annual meeting proxy statement and proxy card) before an annual meeting of the shareholders. In addition, if the proposal is made on behalf of a beneficial owner other than the shareholder of record, such beneficial owner must be the beneficial owner of stock of the Corporation both at the time of giving notice provided for in this Section 2.8(A)(i) and at the time of the annual meeting.

(ii) For any nominations or any other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder pursuant to Section 2.8(A)(i)(c) of these Bylaws, (x) the shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation, (y) such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for shareholder action under the TBOC and (z) the record shareholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf any such proposal or nomination is made, must have acted in accordance with the

representations set forth in the Solicitation Statement (as defined below) required by these Bylaws. To be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be received by the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day and not later than the close of business on the 90th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, provided, however, that subject to the following sentence, in the event that the date of the annual meeting is scheduled for a date that is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date or in the event that no annual meeting was held in the prior year, notice by the shareholder to be timely must be so received not later than the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall any adjournment, recess or postponement of an annual meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a shareholder’s notice as described above. The number of nominees a shareholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting (or in the case of a shareholder giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a shareholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such annual meeting.

To be in proper form, a shareholder’s notice (whether given pursuant to this Section 2.8(A)(ii) or Section 2.8(B)) to the Secretary of the Corporation must:

(a) set forth, as to the shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made (1) the name and address of such shareholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and of any such Shareholder Associated Person (as defined in Section 2.8(C)(ii)), if any, (2) (A) the class or series and number of shares of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and of record by such shareholder and such Shareholder Associated Person, (B) any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class or series of shares of the Corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any class or series of shares of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in the underlying class or series of stock of the Corporation or otherwise (a “Derivative Instrument”), directly or indirectly owned beneficially by such shareholder or by any Shareholder Associated Person and any other direct or indirect opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation held by such shareholder or by any Shareholder Associated Person, (C) a complete and accurate description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding between or among such shareholder and any Shareholder Associated Person and any other person or persons in connection with such shareholder’s director nomination or other proposed business and the name and address of any other person(s) or entity or entities known to the shareholder to support such nomination or business, including any agreements, arrangements or understandings relating to any compensation or payments to be paid to any such proposed nominee(s), pertaining to the nomination(s) or other business proposed to be brought before the meeting of shareholders (which description shall identify the name of each other person who is party to such an agreement, arrangement or understanding), (D) a description of any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which such shareholder or any Shareholder Associated Person has a right to vote, directly or indirectly, any shares of any security of the Corporation, (E) any short interest in any security of the Corporation held by such shareholder or any Shareholder Associated Person (for purposes of these Bylaws, a person shall be deemed to have a “short interest” in a security if such person directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any decrease in the value of the subject security), (F) any rights to dividends on the shares of the Corporation owned beneficially by such shareholder or by any Shareholder Associated Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (G) any proportionate interest in shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such shareholder or any Shareholder Associated Person is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner and (H) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such shareholder or any Shareholder Associated Person is entitled to base on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments, if any, as of the date of such notice, including, without limitation, any such interests held by members of such shareholder’s or any Shareholder Associated Person’s immediate family sharing the same household,

(3) any other information relating to such shareholder and any Shareholder Associated Person, if any, that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as applicable, the proposal or for the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, (4) a representation that the shareholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to bring such nomination or other business before the meeting, (5) a representation as to whether or not such shareholder or any Shareholder Associated Person intends or is a party of a group which intends (x) to deliver a proxy statement or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the voting power of the Corporation’s outstanding stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or, in the case of a nomination or nominations, at least the percentage of the voting power of the Corporation’s outstanding stock reasonably believed by the shareholder or Shareholder Associated Person, as the case may be, to be sufficient to elect such nominee or nominees, (y) otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from shareholders in support of such proposal or nomination and/or (z) to solicit proxies in support of any proposed nominee in accordance with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act (such representation, a “Solicitation Statement”), (6) any proxy (other than a revocable proxy given in response to a public proxy solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, the Exchange Act), agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which such shareholder or beneficial owner has or shares a right to, directly or indirectly, vote any shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation, (7) any rights to dividends or other distributions on the shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially by such shareholder or beneficial owner that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (8) any performance-related fees (other than an asset based fee) to which such shareholder or beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, is entitled based on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation or any Derivative Instruments and (9) the names and addresses of other shareholders (including beneficial owners) known by any of the shareholders giving the notice to support such nominations or other business proposal(s), and to the extent known the class and number of all shares of the Corporation’s capital stock owned beneficially or of record by such other shareholder(s) or other beneficial owner(s);

(b) if the notice relates to any business other than a nomination of a director or directors that the shareholder proposes to bring before the meeting, set forth (1) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest of such shareholder and Shareholder Associated Person, if any, in such business, (2) the exact text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment) and (3) a complete and accurate description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between or among such shareholder and such shareholder’s Shareholder Associated Person, if any, and the name and address of any other person(s) or entity or entities in connection with the proposal of such business by such shareholder;

(c) set forth, as to each person, if any, whom the shareholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection to the Board (1) all information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (including such person’s written consent to being named in the Corporation’s proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected), (2) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among such shareholder and Shareholder Associated Person, if any, and their respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee, and his or her respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Rule 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K if the shareholder making the nomination and any beneficial owner on whose

behalf the nomination is made, if any, or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant, and (3) a representation that such person intends to serve a full term, if elected as director; and

(d) with respect to each nominee for election or reelection to the Board, include (1) a completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement in a form provided by the Corporation, which form the shareholder must request from the Secretary of the Corporation in writing with no less than seven days advance notice and (2) a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary of the Corporation upon written request) that such person (A) is not and will not become a party to (i) any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether written or oral) with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (ii) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether written or oral) with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed therein and (C) in such person’s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation. The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation or that could be material to a reasonable shareholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee.

(iii) A shareholder providing notice of a nomination or proposal of other business to be brought before a meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to clauses (ii)(a)(1)-(4) and (6)-(9) and clauses (ii)(b)-(c) of this Section 2.8(A) shall be true and correct (a) as of the record date for the meeting and (b) as of the date that is ten business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five business days after the record date for the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date) and not later than seven business days prior to the date for the meeting or any postponement or adjournment thereof, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to any adjournment or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof)).

(B) Special Meetings of Shareholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of shareholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board may be made at a special meeting of shareholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to a notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the Board or any committee thereof (or shareholders if permitted pursuant to Article VII of the Certificate of Formation and Section 2.2 of these Bylaws) or (ii) if the Board (or shareholders if permitted pursuant to Article VII of the Certificate of Formation and Section 2.2 of these Bylaws) has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, (a) by any shareholder of the Corporation who (1) is a shareholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in these Bylaws and at the time of the special meeting, (2) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (3) complies with the notice procedures set forth in these Bylaws and applicable law or (b) by a shareholder of the Corporation who is given such rights or abilities under the Shareholders’ Agreement pursuant to the terms of the Shareholders’ Agreement. In the event a special meeting of shareholders is called pursuant to Article VII of the Certificate of Formation or Section 2.2 of these Bylaws for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board, a shareholder pursuant to clause (ii)(a) of this Section 2.8(B) may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be), for election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the shareholder delivers notice with the information required by Section 2.8(A)(ii)(a) and Section 2.8(A)(ii)(c) (with the updates required by Section 2.8(A)(iii)) of these Bylaws with respect to any nomination and the completed and signed questionnaire,

representations and agreements required by Section 2.8(A)(ii)(d) of these Bylaws. Such notice shall be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting at which directors are to be elected. In no event shall any adjournment, recess or postponement or the announcement thereof of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a shareholder’s notice as described above. The number of nominees a shareholder may nominate for election at the special meeting (or in the case of a shareholder giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a shareholder may nominate for election at the special meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such special meeting. For any business other than a nomination of a director, the shareholder must deliver notice with the information required by Section 2.8(A)(ii).

(C) General.

(i) Except as otherwise expressly provided in Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Exchange Act, only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws and applicable law shall be eligible to serve as directors, and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of shareholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws and applicable law. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws, the presiding person at the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws and applicable law and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with these Bylaws and applicable law, to declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall be disregarded.

(ii) For purposes of these Bylaws, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by Dow Jones News Service, the Associated Press, or any other national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and “Shareholder Associated Person” shall mean, for any shareholder, (a) any person or entity controlling, directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with, such shareholder, (b) any beneficial owner of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such shareholder or (c) any person or entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with any person or entity referred to in the preceding clauses (a) or (b).

(iii) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of these Bylaws, a shareholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in these Bylaws; provided, however, that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit the requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to Section 2.8(A) or Section 2.8(B) of these Bylaws. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights (a) of shareholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or (b) of the holders of any series of preferred stock of the Corporation (“Preferred Stock”) if and to the extent provided for under applicable law, the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, unless otherwise required by law, if any shareholder or Shareholder Associated Person, if any, (1) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act with respect to any proposed nominee and (2) subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) or Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act (or fails to timely provide reasonable evidence sufficient to satisfy the Corporation that such shareholder or such Shareholder Associated Person has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act in accordance with the following sentence), then the nomination of each such proposed nominee shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of the election of such proposed nominee may have been received by the Corporation (which proxies and votes shall be disregarded). Upon request by the Corporation, if any shareholder or Shareholder Associated Person provides

notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act, such shareholder or such Shareholder Associated Person shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than five business days prior to the applicable meeting, reasonable evidence that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act.

(iv) Unless otherwise required by law, if the shareholder (or a qualified representative of the shareholder) making a nomination or proposal under this Section 2.8 does not appear at a meeting of shareholders to present such nomination or proposal, the nomination shall be disregarded and the proposed business shall not be transacted, as the case may be, notwithstanding that proxies in favor thereof may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 2.8, to be considered a qualified representative of the shareholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such shareholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such shareholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such shareholder to act for such shareholder as proxy at the meeting of shareholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of shareholders, in accordance with the TBOC.

(v) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 2.8, for so long as the Shareholders’ Agreement remains in effect with respect to any Principal Shareholder, Ben M. Brigham (so long as Ben M. Brigham has the right to designate one or more nominees for election to the Board pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement) shall not be subject to this Section 2.8 with respect to any annual or special meeting of shareholders.

SECTION 2.9. Conduct of Business. The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the shareholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the person presiding over the meeting. The Board may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of a meeting of shareholders as it shall deem appropriate in its sole discretion. The Chairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, or in the Chairman of the Board’s absence, the Chief Executive Officer or, in the Chief Executive Officer’s absence or if one shall not have been elected, the director or officer designated by the majority of the Whole Board (as defined below), shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board, the person presiding over the meeting shall have the right and authority to convene and for any or no reason to recess and/or adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of the presiding person at the meeting, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the presiding person at the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (A) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (B) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (C) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the person presiding over the meeting shall determine; (D) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; (E) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; and (F) restrictions of the use of audio or visual recording devices. The person presiding over the meeting, in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a matter or business was not properly brought before the meeting, and if such presiding person at the meeting should so determine, such presiding person at the meeting shall so declare to the meeting and any such matter or business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted or considered. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board or the person presiding over the meeting, meetings of shareholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure. For purposes of these Bylaws, the term “Whole Board” shall mean the total number of authorized directors whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships.

SECTION 2.10. Required Vote. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances, at any meeting at which directors are to be elected, so long as a quorum is present, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the holders of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote in such election. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Formation, cumulative voting for the election of directors shall be prohibited. Unless a different or minimum vote is required by applicable law, the rules and regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, any law or regulation applicable to the Corporation or its securities, the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws, in which such different or minimum vote shall be the applicable vote on the matter, in all matters other than the election of directors and certain non-binding advisory votes described below, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation present

in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the matter shall be the act of the shareholders. In non-binding advisory matters with more than two possible vote choices, the plurality of the votes cast by the holders of outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the matter shall be the recommendation of the shareholders.

SECTION 2.11. Treasury Stock. Shares of the Corporation’s capital stock shall neither be entitled to vote nor counted for quorum purposes if such shares belong to (A) the Corporation, (B) any other corporation, if a majority of shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly by the Corporation, or (C) any other entity, if a majority of the voting power of such other entity is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation or if such other entity is otherwise controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Corporation or such other corporation to vote stock of the Corporation held in a fiduciary capacity.

SECTION 2.12. Inspectors of Elections. The Corporation may, and when required by applicable law, shall, appoint one or more inspectors, which inspector or inspectors may include individuals who serve the Corporation in other capacities, including, without limitation, as officers, employees, agents or representatives, to act at the meetings of shareholders and make a written report thereof. One or more persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate has been appointed to act or is able to act at a meeting of shareholders and the appointment of an inspector is required by applicable law, the presiding person at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before discharging his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath to faithfully execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall have the duties prescribed by applicable law.

SECTION 2.13. Shareholder Action by Written Consent Without a Meeting. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock or any other class or series of stock that have been expressly granted the right to take action by less than unanimous written consent, any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, and without a vote, to the extent permitted by Article VI of the Certificate of Formation. Such consent or consents must be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of shareholders are recorded. Delivery to the registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each shareholder who signs it, and no written consent shall be effective to take the action referred to therein unless, within sixty (60) days (or such other period as required by the TBOC) after the date of the earliest-dated consent delivered to the Corporation in the manner required by this Section 2.13, written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders to take the action are so delivered. Prompt notice of the taking of any action by written consent without a meeting by less than unanimous consent shall be given to those shareholders who did not consent in writing and who, had the action been taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting; provided, however, that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of the action taken. Unless the Certificate of Formation permits shareholder action by less than unanimous written consent, any shareholder action taken by written consent in lieu of a meeting shall require the written consent of all shareholders entitled to vote on the action.

SECTION 3.1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board. In addition to the powers and authorities expressly conferred upon them by these Bylaws, the Board may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Formation or by these Bylaws required to be exercised or done by the shareholders. The directors shall act only as a Board or as a committee thereof, and the individual directors shall have no power as such.

SECTION 3.2. Number, Election, Tenure and Voting Power. Subject to applicable law, the Shareholders’ Agreement and the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances, if any, the number of directors shall be fixed from time to time exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Whole Board; provided that the initial number of directors shall be eight. The election, term and voting power of directors shall be as set forth in the Certificate of Formation.

SECTION 3.3. Regular Meetings. Subject to Section 3.5, regular meetings of the Board shall be held on such dates, and at such times and places (within or without the State of Texas), if any, as are determined from time to time by resolution of the Board. Notice of such regular meetings shall not be required.

SECTION 3.4. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board shall be called at the request of the Chairman of the Board, the President, the Chief Executive Officer or a majority of the Board then in office. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board may fix the place, if any, date and time of the meetings. Any business may be conducted at a special meeting of the Board.

SECTION 3.5. Notice. Notice of any special meeting of directors shall be given to each director at his or her business or residence in writing by hand delivery, first-class or overnight mail, courier service or facsimile or electronic transmission or orally by telephone, in accordance with the TBOC. If mailed by first-class mail, such notice shall be deemed adequately delivered when deposited in the United States mails so addressed, with postage thereon prepaid, at least five days before such meeting. If by overnight mail or courier service, such notice shall be deemed adequately delivered when the notice is delivered to the overnight mail or courier service company at least 24 hours before such meeting. If by facsimile or electronic transmission, such notice shall be deemed adequately delivered when the notice is transmitted at least 24 hours before such meeting. If by telephone or by hand delivery, the notice shall be given at least 24 hours prior to the time set for the meeting and shall be confirmed by facsimile or electronic transmission that is sent promptly thereafter. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the Board need be specified in the notice of such meeting. A meeting may be held at any time without notice if all the directors are present or if those not present waive notice of the meeting in accordance with these Bylaws.

SECTION 3.6. Action by Consent of Board. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission. After an action is taken, the consent or consents relating thereto shall be filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee in the same paper or electronic form as the minutes are maintained. Such consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote at a meeting, and may be stated as such in any document or instrument filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Texas.

SECTION 3.7. Remote Meetings. Members of the Board or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board or such committee by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

SECTION 3.8. Quorum. A majority of the Whole Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but if at any meeting of the Board there shall be less than a quorum present, a majority of the directors present may, to the fullest extent permitted by law, adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice unless (A) the date, time and place, if any, of the adjourned meeting are not announced at the time of adjournment, in which case notice conforming to the requirements of Section 3.5 of these Bylaws shall be given to each director, or (B) the meeting is adjourned for more than 24 hours, in which case the notice referred to in clause (A) shall be given to those directors not present at the announcement of the date, time and place, if any, of the adjourned meeting. Except as otherwise expressly required by law, the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws, all matters shall be determined by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present.

SECTION 3.9. Vacancies. Any newly created directorship that results from an increase in the number of directors or any vacancy on the Board that results from the death, disability, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal of any director or from any other cause shall be filled in accordance with the Certificate of Formation.

SECTION 3.10. Removal. Directors of the Corporation may be removed in the manner provided in the Certificate of Formation and applicable law.

SECTION 3.11. Records. The Board shall cause to be kept a record containing the minutes of the proceedings of the meetings of the Board and of the shareholders, appropriate stock books and registers and such books of records and accounts as may be necessary for the proper conduct of the business of the Corporation.

SECTION 3.12. Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws, the Board shall have authority to fix the compensation of directors, including fees and reimbursement of expenses. The Corporation will cause each non-employee director serving on the Board to be reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by him or her in connection with such service.

SECTION 3.13. Regulations. To the extent consistent with applicable law, the Certificate of Formation and these Bylaws, the Board may adopt such rules and regulations for the conduct of meetings of the Board and for the management of the affairs and business of the Corporation as the Board may deem appropriate.

SECTION 3.14. First Meeting. Each newly elected Board may hold its first meeting for the purpose of organization and the transaction of business, if a quorum is present, immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of shareholders. Notice of such meeting shall not be required.

SECTION 4.1. Designation; Powers. Subject to the terms of the Shareholders’ Agreement, the Board may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. Any such committee, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and to the extent provided in the resolution(s) of the Board, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it.

SECTION 4.2. Procedure; Meetings; Quorum. Any committee designated pursuant to Section 4.1 shall choose its own chairman in the event the chairman has not been selected by the Board by a majority vote of the members then in attendance at a meeting of the committee so long as a quorum is present, shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings, and shall meet at such times and at such place or places as may be provided by the charter of such committee or by resolution of such committee or resolution of the Board. At every meeting of any such committee, the presence of a majority of all the members thereof shall constitute a quorum and the affirmative vote of a majority of the members present at a meeting where a quorum is present shall be necessary for the adoption by it of any resolution. A committee may create one or more subcommittees, each subcommittee to consist of one or more members of the committee, and delegate to such subcommittee any or all of the powers of such committee. The Board shall adopt a charter for each committee for which a charter is required by applicable laws, regulations or stock exchange rules, may adopt a charter for any other committee, and may adopt other rules and regulations for the governance of any committee not inconsistent with the provisions of the Certificate of Formation, these Bylaws or any such charter. Unless the Certificate of Formation, these Bylaws, any charter for such committee or the Board otherwise provides, any such committee or subcommittee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the Board or such rules, its meetings shall be called, notice given or waived, its business conducted or its action taken as nearly as may be in the same manner as is provided in these Bylaws with respect to meetings or for the conduct of business or the taking of actions by the Board. The Board shall have power at any time to fill vacancies in, change the membership of, or discharge any such committee. The Secretary of the Corporation shall act as Secretary of any committee or subcommittee, unless otherwise provided by the Board or such committee or subcommittee.

SECTION 4.3. Substitution of Members. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee.

SECTION 5.1. Officers. The Board shall elect a President, a Secretary and the officers of the Corporation which may include, if the Board so elects, a Chairman of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer, Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, a Treasurer and such other officers as the Board from time to time may deem proper. If elected, the Chairman of the Board shall be chosen from among the directors. All officers elected by the Board shall each have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the specific provisions of this Article V. Such officers shall also have such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board or by any duly authorized committee thereof or, with respect to any Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President, Vice Presidents, Treasurer or Secretary, by the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer or President. The Board or any committee thereof may from time to time elect, or the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer or President, may appoint, such other officers (including a Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer and one or more Senior Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers) and such agents, as may be necessary or desirable for the conduct of the business of the Corporation. Such other officers and agents shall have such duties and shall hold their offices for such terms as shall be provided in these Bylaws or as may be prescribed by the Board or such committee thereof or by the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer or President, as the case may be. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. Except for the Chairman of the Board, if any, no officer need be a director. None of the officers need be a shareholder of the Corporation.

SECTION 5.2. Election and Term of Office. Each officer shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been duly elected or appointed and shall have qualified or until his or her death or until he or she shall resign, but any