Principal Risks

You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Exchange-traded fund (ETF) shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government. The Fund is subject to the principal risks noted below, any of which may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (NAV), trading price, yield, total return and ability to meet its investment goal.

Market: The market values of securities or other investments owned by the Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. The market value of a security or other investment may be reduced by market activity or other results of supply and demand unrelated to the issuer. This is a basic risk associated with all investments. When there are more sellers than buyers, prices tend to fall. Likewise, when there are more buyers than sellers, prices tend to rise. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may go up or down due to general market or other conditions that are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as: real or perceived adverse economic changes, including widespread liquidity issues and defaults in one or more industries; changes in interest, inflation or exchange rates; unexpected natural and man-made world events, such as diseases or disasters; financial, political or social disruptions, including terrorism and war; and U.S. trade disputes or other disputes with specific countries that could result in additional tariffs, trade barriers and/or investment restrictions in certain securities in those countries. Any of these conditions can adversely affect the economic prospects of many companies, sectors, nations, regions and the market in general, in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen.

Ongoing or threatened armed conflicts throughout the world have caused and could continue to cause significant market disruptions and volatility. The hostilities and sanctions resulting from those hostilities could have a significant adverse impact on certain investments of the Fund as well as the Fund’s performance and liquidity.

Stock prices tend to go up and down more dramatically than those of debt securities. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the prices of the various stocks held by the Fund.

Bitcoin: Bitcoin is a relatively new asset with a limited history as compared to more traditional investments such as stocks, bonds and currency instruments. It is subject to unique and substantial risks, and historically has been considered to be a highly speculative asset and has experienced significant price volatility.

The value of bitcoin is determined by supply and demand in the global market, which consists primarily of transactions of bitcoin on electronic exchanges. The price of bitcoin could drop precipitously for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, regulatory changes, a crisis of confidence, a flaw or operational issue in the bitcoin network, or users preferring competing digital assets and cryptocurrencies. The further development of bitcoin as an asset and the growing acceptance and use of bitcoin in the marketplace are subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. Currently, there is relatively limited use of bitcoin in the retail and commercial marketplace, which contributes to price volatility. A lack of expansion in broad market adoption, or a significant decline in the use of bitcoin may result in increased volatility in its value. Legal or regulatory changes may negatively impact the operation of bitcoin’s network or protocols or restrict the ability to use bitcoin. Advancements in technology such as quantum computing capabilities that could undermine cryptographic security protocols could also pose a substantial security risk to the bitcoin network and negatively impact the value of bitcoin and its market utility. The realization of any of these risks could result in a decline in the acceptance of bitcoin and consequently a reduction in the value of bitcoin, which could negatively impact the value of the Fund’s holdings.

Bitcoin also is subject to the risk of fraud, theft and manipulation, as well as security failures and operational or other problems that impact bitcoin trading venues. Unlike the exchanges utilized by traditional assets, such as equity securities and futures contracts, bitcoin trading venues are largely unregulated. As a result, individuals or groups may engage in fraud and investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft and market manipulation than when investing in more traditional

asset classes. Investors in bitcoin may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud or manipulation occur and could suffer significant losses. A significant portion of bitcoin is held by a small number of holders, who have the ability to manipulate the price of bitcoin. In addition, cryptocurrency exchanges are subject to the risk of cybersecurity threats and in the past have been breached, resulting in the theft and/or loss of digital assets, including bitcoin. A risk also exists with respect to malicious actors or previously unknown vulnerabilities in the network or its protocols, which may adversely affect the value of bitcoin.

Concentration: To the extent the Fund concentrates in a specific industry, a group of industries, sector or type of investment, the Fund will carry much greater risks of adverse developments and price movements in such industries, sectors or investments than a fund that invests in a wider variety of industries, sectors or

investments. There is also the risk that the Fund will perform poorly during a slump in demand for securities of companies in such industries or sectors.

Depositary Receipts: Depositary receipts are subject to many of the risks of the underlying security or asset (including digital assets such as bitcoin). For some depositary receipts, the custodian or similar financial institution that holds the underlying security or asset in a trust account may not be located in the United States. The Fund could be exposed to the credit risk of the custodian or financial institution, and in cases where the relevant jurisdiction does not have developed financial markets, the Fund may face greater market risk. In addition, the depository institution may not have physical custody of the underlying securities or asset at all times and, with respect to underlying assets that are securities, may charge fees for various services, such as forwarding dividends and interest or administering corporate actions that the Fund would not have incurred as a direct investor in the underlying securities. As a result, the Fund may experience delays in receiving its dividend and interest payments or exercising rights as a shareholder. There may be an increased possibility of untimely responses to certain corporate actions of the issuer in an unsponsored depositary receipt program. Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs and there may not be a correlation between this information and the market value of the depositary receipts. With respect to depositary receipts referencing digital assets, the depository institution (or applicable digital asset custodian) may not have the ability to process, receive or hold incidental rights, digital asset network forks, airdrops or similar events (with respect to digital assets), which may subject the Fund to additional fees or charges or increase the risk of losses to the Fund.

Large Capitalization Companies: Large capitalization companies may fall out of favor with investors based on market and economic conditions. Large capitalization companies may underperform relative to small and mid capitalization companies because they may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes, and may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.

Derivative Instruments: The performance of derivative instruments depends largely on the performance of an underlying asset, currency, security, interest rate or index, and such derivatives often have risks similar to the underlying instrument, in addition to other risks. Derivatives involve costs and can create economic

leverage in the Fund’s portfolio which may result in significant volatility and cause the Fund to participate in losses (as well as gains) in an amount that significantly exceeds the Fund’s initial investment. Other risks include illiquidity, mispricing or improper valuation of the derivative, and imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying instrument so that the Fund may not realize the intended benefits and may experience increased tracking error. Their successful use will usually depend on the investment manager’s ability to accurately forecast movements in the market relating to the underlying instrument. Should a market or markets, or prices of particular classes of investments move in an unexpected manner, especially in unusual or extreme market conditions, the Fund may not realize the anticipated benefits of the transaction, and it may realize losses, which could be significant. If the investment manager is not successful in using such derivative instruments, the Fund’s performance may be worse than if the investment manager did not use such derivatives at all. When a derivative is used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the asset, currency, security, interest rate, index or other risk being hedged. Derivatives also may present the risk that the other party to the transaction will fail to perform. There is also the risk, especially under extreme market conditions, that a derivative, which usually would operate as a hedge, provides no hedging benefits at all.

Non-Diversification: Because the Fund is non-diversified, it may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may negatively impact the Fund's performance and result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Cybersecurity: Cybersecurity incidents, both intentional and unintentional, may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, Fund or customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, cause the Fund, the investment manager, authorized participants, or index providers (as applicable) and listing exchanges, and/or their service providers (including, but not limited to, Fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality or prevent Fund investors from purchasing, redeeming shares or receiving distributions. The investment manager has limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third party service providers, and such third party service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Fund or the investment manager. Cybersecurity incidents may result in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders, and substantial costs may be incurred in an effort to prevent or mitigate future cybersecurity incidents. Issuers of securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to cybersecurity risks, and the value of these securities could decline if the issuers experience cybersecurity incidents.

Because technology is frequently changing (including the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning), new ways to carry out cyber attacks are always developing. Therefore, there is a chance that some risks have not been identified or prepared for, or that an attack may not be detected, which puts limitations on the Fund's ability to plan for or respond to a cyber attack. Like other funds and business enterprises, the Fund, the investment manager, and their service providers are subject to the risk of cyber incidents occurring from time to time. The rapid development and increasingly widespread use of artificial intelligence technologies could increase the effectiveness of cyber attacks and exacerbate the risks.

Index-Related: There is no assurance that the Underlying Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. While the Index Provider provides descriptions of what the Underlying Index is designed to achieve, the Index Provider does not guarantee the quality, accuracy or completeness of data in respect of its indices, and does not guarantee that the Underlying Index will be in

line with the described index methodology. Errors in index data, index computations or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology (including as a result of outdated, unreliable or unavailable market information) may occur and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders. Gains, losses or costs to the Fund caused by errors in the Underlying Index may therefore be borne by the Fund and its shareholders.

Tracking Error: Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of the Underlying Index. Tracking error may occur because of differences between the securities and other investments held in the Fund’s portfolio and those included in the Underlying Index (including the bitcoin-related investments utilized by the Fund), pricing differences (including differences between a security’s price at the local market close and the Fund’s valuation of a security at the time of calculation of the Fund’s NAV), transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in timing of the accrual of dividends or interest, tax gains or losses, changes to the Underlying Index or the need to meet various new or existing regulatory requirements, including portfolio diversification requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code") applicable to regulated investment companies. This risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions. Tracking error also may result because the Fund incurs fees and expenses, while the Underlying Index does not.

Passive Investment: Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not actively managed and the investment manager does not attempt to take defensive positions under any market conditions, including declining markets. Therefore, the investment manager would not necessarily buy or sell a security unless that security is added or removed, respectively, from the Underlying Index, even if that security generally is underperforming.

New Fund: The Fund is newly or recently established and has no performance history as of the date of this Prospectus. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, which could result in the Fund being liquidated at any time without shareholder approval and at a time that may not be favorable for all shareholders.

Principal Risks

You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Exchange-traded fund (ETF) shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government. The Fund is subject to the principal risks noted below, any of which may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (NAV), trading price, yield, total return and ability to meet its investment goal.

Market: The market values of securities or other investments owned by the Fund will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. The market value of a security or other investment may be reduced by market activity or other results of supply and demand unrelated to the issuer. This is a basic risk associated with all investments. When there are more sellers than buyers, prices tend to fall. Likewise, when there are more buyers than sellers, prices tend to rise. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may go up or down due to general market or other conditions that are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as: real or perceived adverse economic changes, including widespread liquidity issues and defaults in one or more industries; changes in interest, inflation or exchange rates; unexpected natural and man-made world events, such as diseases or disasters; financial, political or social disruptions, including terrorism and war; and U.S. trade disputes or other disputes with specific countries that could result in additional tariffs, trade barriers and/or investment restrictions in certain securities in those countries. Any of these conditions can adversely affect the economic prospects of many companies, sectors, nations, regions and the market in general, in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen.

Ongoing or threatened armed conflicts throughout the world have caused and could continue to cause significant market disruptions and volatility. The hostilities and sanctions resulting from those hostilities could have a significant adverse impact on certain investments of the Fund as well as the Fund’s performance and liquidity.

Stock prices tend to go up and down more dramatically than those of debt securities. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the prices of the various stocks held by the Fund.

Bitcoin: Bitcoin is a relatively new asset with a limited history as compared to more traditional investments such as stocks, bonds and currency instruments. It is subject to unique and substantial risks, and historically has been considered to be a highly speculative asset and has experienced significant price volatility.

The value of bitcoin is determined by supply and demand in the global market, which consists primarily of transactions of bitcoin on electronic exchanges. The price of bitcoin could drop precipitously for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, regulatory changes, a crisis of confidence, a flaw or operational issue in the bitcoin network, or users preferring competing digital assets and cryptocurrencies. The further development of bitcoin as an asset and the growing acceptance and use of bitcoin in the marketplace are subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. Currently, there is relatively limited use of bitcoin in the retail and commercial marketplace, which contributes to price volatility. A lack of expansion in broad market adoption, or a significant decline in the use of bitcoin may result in increased volatility in its value. Legal or regulatory changes may negatively impact the operation of bitcoin’s network or protocols or restrict the ability to use bitcoin. Advancements in technology such as quantum computing capabilities that could undermine cryptographic security protocols could also pose a substantial security risk to the bitcoin network and negatively impact the value of bitcoin and its market utility. The realization of any of these risks could result in a decline in the acceptance of bitcoin and consequently a reduction in the value of bitcoin, which could negatively impact the value of the Fund’s holdings.

Bitcoin also is subject to the risk of fraud, theft and manipulation, as well as security failures and operational or other problems that impact bitcoin trading venues. Unlike the exchanges utilized by traditional assets, such as equity securities and futures contracts, bitcoin trading venues are largely unregulated. As a result, individuals or groups may engage in fraud and investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft and market manipulation than when investing in more traditional

asset classes. Investors in bitcoin may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud or manipulation occur and could suffer significant losses. A significant portion of bitcoin is held by a small number of holders, who have the ability to manipulate the price of bitcoin. In addition, cryptocurrency exchanges are subject to the risk of cybersecurity threats and in the past have been breached, resulting in the theft and/or loss of digital assets, including bitcoin. A risk also exists with respect to malicious actors or previously unknown vulnerabilities in the network or its protocols, which may adversely affect the value of bitcoin.

Concentration: To the extent the Fund concentrates in a specific industry, a group of industries, sector or type of investment, the Fund will carry much greater risks of adverse developments and price movements in such industries, sectors or investments than a fund that invests in a wider variety of industries, sectors or

investments. There is also the risk that the Fund will perform poorly during a slump in demand for securities of companies in such industries or sectors.

Depositary Receipts: Depositary receipts are subject to many of the risks of the underlying security or asset (including digital assets such as bitcoin). For some depositary receipts, the custodian or similar financial institution that holds the underlying security or asset in a trust account may not be located in the United States. The Fund could be exposed to the credit risk of the custodian or financial institution, and in cases where the relevant jurisdiction does not have developed financial markets, the Fund may face greater market risk. In addition, the depository institution may not have physical custody of the underlying securities or asset at all times and, with respect to underlying assets that are securities, may charge fees for various services, such as forwarding dividends and interest or administering corporate actions that the Fund would not have incurred as a direct investor in the underlying securities. As a result, the Fund may experience delays in receiving its dividend and interest payments or exercising rights as a shareholder. There may be an increased possibility of untimely responses to certain corporate actions of the issuer in an unsponsored depositary receipt program. Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs and there may not be a correlation between this information and the market value of the depositary receipts. With respect to depositary receipts referencing digital assets, the depository institution (or applicable digital asset custodian) may not have the ability to process, receive or hold incidental rights, digital asset network forks, airdrops or similar events (with respect to digital assets), which may subject the Fund to additional fees or charges or increase the risk of losses to the Fund.

Large Capitalization Companies: Large capitalization companies may fall out of favor with investors based on market and economic conditions. Large capitalization companies may underperform relative to small and mid capitalization companies because they may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes, and may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.

Derivative Instruments: The performance of derivative instruments depends largely on the performance of an underlying asset, currency, security, interest rate or index, and such derivatives often have risks similar to the underlying instrument, in addition to other risks. Derivatives involve costs and can create economic

leverage in the Fund’s portfolio which may result in significant volatility and cause the Fund to participate in losses (as well as gains) in an amount that significantly exceeds the Fund’s initial investment. Other risks include illiquidity, mispricing or improper valuation of the derivative, and imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying instrument so that the Fund may not realize the intended benefits and may experience increased tracking error. Their successful use will usually depend on the investment manager’s ability to accurately forecast movements in the market relating to the underlying instrument. Should a market or markets, or prices of particular classes of investments move in an unexpected manner, especially in unusual or extreme market conditions, the Fund may not realize the anticipated benefits of the transaction, and it may realize losses, which could be significant. If the investment manager is not successful in using such derivative instruments, the Fund’s performance may be worse than if the investment manager did not use such derivatives at all. When a derivative is used for hedging, the change in value of the derivative may also not correlate specifically with the asset, currency, security, interest rate, index or other risk being hedged. Derivatives also may present the risk that the other party to the transaction will fail to perform. There is also the risk, especially under extreme market conditions, that a derivative, which usually would operate as a hedge, provides no hedging benefits at all.

Non-Diversification: Because the Fund is non-diversified, it may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may negatively impact the Fund's performance and result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s shares.

Cybersecurity: Cybersecurity incidents, both intentional and unintentional, may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, Fund or customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, cause the Fund, the investment manager, authorized participants, or index providers (as applicable) and listing exchanges, and/or their service providers (including, but not limited to, Fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality or prevent Fund investors from purchasing, redeeming shares or receiving distributions. The investment manager has limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third party service providers, and such third party service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Fund or the investment manager. Cybersecurity incidents may result in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders, and substantial costs may be incurred in an effort to prevent or mitigate future cybersecurity incidents. Issuers of securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to cybersecurity risks, and the value of these securities could decline if the issuers experience cybersecurity incidents.

Because technology is frequently changing (including the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning), new ways to carry out cyber attacks are always developing. Therefore, there is a chance that some risks have not been identified or prepared for, or that an attack may not be detected, which puts limitations on the Fund's ability to plan for or respond to a cyber attack. Like other funds and business enterprises, the Fund, the investment manager, and their service providers are subject to the risk of cyber incidents occurring from time to time. The rapid development and increasingly widespread use of artificial intelligence technologies could increase the effectiveness of cyber attacks and exacerbate the risks.

Index-Related: There is no assurance that the Underlying Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. While the Index Provider provides descriptions of what the Underlying Index is designed to achieve, the Index Provider does not guarantee the quality, accuracy or completeness of data in respect of its indices, and does not guarantee that the Underlying Index will be in

line with the described index methodology. Errors in index data, index computations or the construction of the Underlying Index in accordance with its methodology (including as a result of outdated, unreliable or unavailable market information) may occur and may not be identified and corrected by the index provider for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders. Gains, losses or costs to the Fund caused by errors in the Underlying Index may therefore be borne by the Fund and its shareholders.

Tracking Error: Tracking error is the divergence of the Fund’s performance from that of the Underlying Index. Tracking error may occur because of differences between the securities and other investments held in the Fund’s portfolio and those included in the Underlying Index (including the bitcoin-related investments utilized by the Fund), pricing differences (including differences between a security’s price at the local market close and the Fund’s valuation of a security at the time of calculation of the Fund’s NAV), transaction costs, the Fund’s holding of cash, differences in timing of the accrual of dividends or interest, tax gains or losses, changes to the Underlying Index or the need to meet various new or existing regulatory requirements, including portfolio diversification requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code") applicable to regulated investment companies. This risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions. Tracking error also may result because the Fund incurs fees and expenses, while the Underlying Index does not.

Passive Investment: Unlike many investment companies, the Fund is not actively managed and the investment manager does not attempt to take defensive positions under any market conditions, including declining markets. Therefore, the investment manager would not necessarily buy or sell a security unless that security is added or removed, respectively, from the Underlying Index, even if that security generally is underperforming.

New Fund: The Fund is newly or recently established and has no performance history as of the date of this Prospectus. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, which could result in the Fund being liquidated at any time without shareholder approval and at a time that may not be favorable for all shareholders.