LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES |
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| Receivables [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Loans Held for Sale The following table presents loans held for sale:
Loans Held for Investment Loans The following table presents the amortized cost and unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment:
The difference between the amortized cost and the unpaid principal is due to (1) premiums and discounts associated with acquired loans totaling $7,972,000 and $9,300,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and (2) net deferred origination and factoring fees totaling $4,709,000 and $2,530,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans held for investment, totaled $35,811,000 and $42,478,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and was included in other assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company acquired a $23,411,000 nonperforming commercial loan for $3,284,000. The loan was purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") and a $10,780,000 ACL was established on Day 1 resulting in a discount of $9,348,000. Prior to June 30, 2025, the Company determined that the entire $10,780,000 ACL was uncollectible and charged off the entire amount. Such charge-off had no impact on credit loss expense. As of September 30, 2026, most of the Company’s non-factoring business activity is with customers located within certain states. The states of Texas (15%), Colorado (10%), Illinois (13%), and Iowa (4%) make up 42% of the Company’s gross loans, excluding factored receivables. Therefore, the Company’s exposure to credit risk is affected by changes in the economies in these states. At December 31, 2025, the states of Texas (20%), Illinois (10%), Colorado (10%), and Iowa (4%) made up 44% of the Company’s gross loans, excluding factored receivables. A majority (98%) of the Company's factored receivables, representing approximately 38% of the Company's total loan portfolio as of September 30, 2026, are transportation receivables. At December 31, 2025, 97% of the Company's factored receivables, representing approximately 29% of the Company's total loan portfolio, were transportation receivables. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had $379,363,000 and $338,496,000, respectively, of customer reserves associated with factored receivables. These amounts represent customer reserves held to settle any payment disputes or collection shortfalls, may be used to pay customers’ obligations to various third parties as directed by the customer, are periodically released to or withdrawn by customers, and are reported as deposits in the consolidated balance sheets. Loans with carrying amounts of $1,581,144,000 and $1,725,914,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, were pledged to secure Federal Home Loan Bank borrowing capacity and Federal Reserve Bank discount window borrowing capacity. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company’s estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications. The activity in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) related to loans held for investment is as follows:
The increase in required ACL during the three months ended September 30, 2026 is a function of net charge-offs of $1,216,000 and credit loss expense of $5,028,000. The increase in required ACL during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 is a function of net charge-offs of $4,811,000 and credit loss expense of $6,895,000. The Company uses the discounted cash flow (DCF) method to estimate ACL for the commercial real estate, construction, land development, land, 1-4 family residential, commercial (excluding liquid credit), and consumer loan pools. During the quarter ended September 30, 2026, the Company implemented updated DCF models to estimate expected credit losses and resulting ACL for said loan pools. While the underlying DCF methodology did not change, the new models reflect updated Company and peer loss data thus enhancing the applicability of reasonable and supportable forecasts. Implementation of the updated DCF models resulted in a $1,204,000 decrease in the allowance for credit losses recognized as a reduction of credit loss expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026. The majority of the ACL decrease driven by updated DCF model adoption was concentrated in our equipment finance loan pool which experienced low losses on defaulted loans through the prior three years when over the road trucking macroeconomic conditions were challenging. There were no other significant impacts at the pooled level as a result of the implementation of the new models. The change was accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimate. Prior to the quarter ended September 30, 2026, for all loan pools utilizing the DCF method, the Company utilized and forecasted national unemployment as a loss driver. The Company also utilized and forecasted either one-year percentage change in national retail sales (commercial real estate – non multifamily, commercial general, commercial agriculture, commercial asset-based lending, commercial equipment finance, consumer), one-year percentage change in the national home price index (1-4 family residential and construction, land development, land), or one-year percentage change in national gross domestic product (commercial real estate – multifamily) as a second loss driver depending on the nature of the underlying loan pool and how well that loss driver correlated to expected future losses. Consistent forecasts of the loss drivers were used across the loan segments. Effective for the quarter ended September 30, 2026, for all applicable loan pools utilizing the updated DCF models, the Company utilizes and forecasts national unemployment and one-year percentage change in national gross domestic product as loss drivers as those loss drivers most closely correlate to expected future losses under the new models. Consistent forecasts of the loss drivers are used across the loan segments. Under the prior DCF models and the updated DCF models, the Company forecasted the same prepayment speeds with higher prepayment speeds resulting in lower required ACL levels and vice versa for shorter prepayment speeds. These assumed prepayment speeds are based upon our historical prepayment speeds by loan type adjusted for the expected impact of the future interest rate environment. The impact of these assumed prepayment speeds is lesser in magnitude than the aforementioned loss driver assumptions. For all DCF models prior to the quarter ended September 30, 2026, the Company had determined that four quarters represented a reasonable and supportable forecast period and the DCF models reverted back to a historical loss rate over eight quarters on a straight-line basis. For all updated DCF models at September 30, 2026, the Company has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts back to a historical loss rate over four quarters on a straight-line basis. The Company continues to leverage economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts over the four-quarter forecast period. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts are also considered by the Company when developing the forecast metrics. At September 30, 2026 as compared to December 31, 2025, the Company forecasted slight improvement in national unemployment and minimal change in one-year percentage change in national gross domestic product. At September 30, 2026 for national unemployment, the Company projected a percentage in the first quarter that would be slightly higher than the current unemployment rate followed by a gradual rise in the following three quarters. For percentage change in national gross domestic product, management projected very low growth for the first two projected quarters with low levels of contraction for the final two projected quarters. At September 30, 2026, the Company used its historical prepayment speeds with minimal adjustment. The Company continues to use a loss-rate method to estimate expected credit losses for the farmland, liquid credit, factored receivable, and mortgage warehouse loan pools. For each of these loan segments, the Company applies an expected loss ratio based on internal and peer historical losses adjusted as appropriate for qualitative factors. Qualitative loss factors are based on the Company's judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. Loss factors used to calculate the required ACL on pools that use the loss-rate method reflect the forecasted economic conditions described above. For the three months ended September 30, 2026, changes in projected loss drivers and prepayment assumptions over the reasonable and supportable forecast period decreased the required ACL by $695,000. Changes in loan volume and mix increased the required ACL by $1,368,000. Changes in required specific reserves increased the ACL by $4,343,000. Implementation of the updated DCF assumptions resulted in a $1,204,000 decrease in the allowance for credit losses. Net charge-offs during the period were $1,216,000. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, changes in projected loss drivers and prepayment assumptions over the reasonable and supportable forecast period increased the required ACL by $156,000. Changes in loan volume and mix increased the required ACL by $243,000. Changes in required specific reserves decreased the ACL by $5,542,000. Net charge-offs during the period were $9,391,000. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, changes in projected loss drivers and prepayment assumptions over the reasonable and supportable forecast period decreased the required ACL by $4,324,000. Changes in loan volume and mix increased the required ACL by $4,622,000. Changes in required specific reserves increased the required ACL by $2,990,000. Implementation of the updated DCF assumptions resulted in a $1,204,000 decrease in the allowance for credit losses. Net charge-offs during the period were $4,811,000. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, changes in projected loss drivers and prepayment assumptions over the reasonable and supportable forecast period increased the required ACL by $442,000. Changes in loan volume and mix increased the required ACL by $2,029,000. Changes in required specific reserves decreased the required ACL by $9,637,000. Net charge-offs during the period were $22,992,000. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans:
Commercial loans secured by Other collateral primarily consist of large liquid credit loans secured by the underlying enterprise values of the borrowers. Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans The following tables present an aging of contractually past due loans:
Given the nature of factored receivables, these assets are disclosed as past due 90 days or more still accruing; however, the Company is not recognizing income on the assets. Historically, any income recognized on factored receivables that are past due 90 days or more has not been material. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status for which there was no related allowance for credit losses:
The following table presents accrued interest on nonaccrual loans reversed through interest income:
There was no interest earned on nonaccrual loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025. The following table presents information regarding nonperforming loans:
Credit Quality Information The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, including: current collateral and financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk on a regular basis. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as consumer loans, are analyzed primarily based on payment status. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass – Pass rated loans have low to average risk and are not otherwise classified. Classified – Classified loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Certain classified loans have the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans is as follows:
Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty In an effort to mitigate potential losses on loans, the Company will endeavor to work with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to modify the terms of such loans to improve the likelihood of principal repayment. Such modifications generally fall into four broad categories; principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension. Modifications can reflect one or multiple modification categories. For all loan types, including commercial real estate loans, the Company considers the likelihood of repayment by the borrower experiencing financial difficulty under the potential agreed upon modified terms. If such repayment is not deemed likely, the Company will not grant the troubled borrower a modification and will commence ultimate collection proceedings. On an ongoing basis, the Company monitors the performance of modified loans related to their restructured terms. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty made during the reporting period:
There were no loans modified in the form of a payment delay during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and the three months ended September 30, 2025. Generally, if a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty is modified, the Company will seek to obtain credit enhancements when possible. The following table presents the payment status of loans that have been modified in the last twelve months:
At September 30, 2026, the Company had $18,000 of commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which the Company modified the terms of the loans in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension during the current period. There were $954,000 of commercial loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a payment default during the three months ended September 30, 2026 and were modified in the form of a term extension in the twelve months prior to that default. There were $37,554,000 of commercial real estate loans and $968,000 of commercial loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a payment default during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and were modified in the form of a term extension in the twelve months prior to that default. There were no loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a payment default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default. Default is determined at 90 or more days past due, upon charge-off, or upon foreclosure. Modified loans in default are individually evaluated for the allowance for credit losses or if the modified loan is deemed uncollectible, the loan, or a portion of the loan, is written off and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted accordingly. Residential Real Estate Loans In Process of Foreclosure At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had $1,409,000 and $371,000, respectively, of 1-4 family residential real estate loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process. Other Real Estate Owned At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had $0 and $10,185,000 of other real estate owned, net.
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