The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, other than those with carrying amounts that reasonably approximate to fair values, are as follows:

Management has assessed that the fair value of financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income approximate to their carrying amounts largely due to the independent valuation performed and valuation technique that take into account key inputs such as P/E multiples, long-term growth rate and discount rate etc.

At each reporting date, management analyses the movements in the values of financial instruments and determines the major inputs applied in the valuation.

The valuation procedures applied include consideration of recent transactions in the same security or financial instrument, recent financing of the investee companies, economic and market conditions, current and projected financial performance of the investee companies, and the investee companies’ management team as well as potential future strategies to realize the investments.

Management believes that the estimated fair values resulting from the valuation technique, which are recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position, and the related changes in fair values, which are recorded in profit or loss and other comprehensive income, are reasonable, and that they were the most appropriate values at the end of the reporting periods.

Fair value hierarchy

The following tables illustrate the fair value measurement hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments:

Assets measured at fair value:

The movements in fair value measurements within Level 1 during the years are as follow:

During the financial year 2025, Sagtec Global Limited was successfully listed on Nasdaq, resulting in the fair value measurement moving from Level 3 to Level 1.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, nor between Level 2 and Level 3, during the financial year ended December 31, 2025 and the financial period ended June 30, 2026.

The movements in fair value measurements within Level 3 during the years are as follow:

There were no transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 during the financial year ended December 31, 2025 and the financial period ended June 30, 2026.