Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Optron Scientific Company, Overhoff Technology Corporation (“Overhoff”), and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Electronic Control Concepts (“ECC”), have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. It is possible that accounting estimates and assumptions may be material to the Company due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment involved.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and cash in time deposits, certificates of deposit and all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less. There were no cash equivalents as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash with high quality financial institutions and at times may exceed the FDIC insurance limit. The Company has not and does not anticipate incurring any losses related to this credit risk. 

Accounts Receivable

The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses for accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves.  Reserves are recorded based on the Company’s historical collection history in addition to an analysis of future potential credit losses. Management considers the aging of accounts receivable, changes to customer credit ratings, as well as any industry-specific factors and economic growth trends that could impact credit loss estimates. Allowance for doubtful accounts as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, were $4,900 and $4,900, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (determined primarily by the average cost method) or net realizable value. Management compares the cost of inventories with the net realizable value and allowance is made for writing down their inventories to net realizable value, if lower. As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the Company recorded $47,128 and $47,128, respectively, in allowance for slow moving or obsolete inventory. The Company periodically assessed its inventory for slow moving and/or obsolete items. If any are identified an appropriate allowance for those items is made and/or the items are deemed to be impaired. During the twelve months ending December 31, 2025, the Company began rolling out its plan to migrate manufacturing of its products produced in California to the Overhoff facility in Ohio. As a result, the Company wrote down $589,177 of Optron’s inventory as the cost/benefit of shipping the inventory was not viable. The Company is exploring a means to recover any liquidation value through the sale of the inventory to a third party. If successful in whole or in part, the Company will record proceeds from the sale of the inventory as income on its financial statements. 

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. When equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of equipment is provided using the straight-line method for substantially all assets with estimated lives as follows:

Long-Lived Assets

The Company applies the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. ASC 360 requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the long-lived assets. Loss on long-lived assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that fair values are reduced for the cost of disposal. Based on its review at March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the Company believes there was no impairment of its long-lived assets.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the underlying net assets of businesses acquired. The entire goodwill balance in the accompanying financial statements resulted from the Company’s acquisition of Overhoff Technology Corporation in 2006. The Company complies with ASC 350, Goodwill and Other Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets, requiring that an impairment test be performed at least annually. As of December 31, 2025, the Company performed the required impairment analysis, resulting in an impairment adjustment of $130,514.  Significant estimates used in the goodwill impairment analysis may change in the upcoming year if revenues do not rebound and the cost of materials continues to increase. 

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates all of its agreements to determine if such instruments have derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. For stock-based derivative financial instruments, the Company uses a weighted-average Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to value the derivative instruments at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative instrument liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, there were no derivative liabilities associated with our convertible notes payable.

Investments

The Company accounts for investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value at cost, minus impairment. If the Company identifies observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer, the Company measures the equity security at fair value as of the date that the observable transaction occurred (“the measurement alternative”) in accordance with ASC 321. The Company accounts for investments for which it owns 20% or more, but less than 50% on the equity method in accordance with ASC 323. 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, customer deposits, and line of credit, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. In addition, the Company has a note payable to a shareholder that the carrying amount also approximates fair value.

Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company has authorized 10,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, each share convertible into 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The preferred stock carries a dividend rate of 6% per annum, payable quarterly within 90 days of the applicable quarter, and 1,200 shares of common stock for each share of Series A titled to each holder. At any time after January 31, 2026, the Company has the right, but is not obligated, to call and redeem any outstanding Series A Preferred for $1,000 per share or to convert each share of Series A Preferred into 10,000 common shares. The Series A Convertible Preferred mature on January 31, 2028, at which time the Company shall convert all Series A Preferred into 10,000 common shares per Preferred.

The Company relied upon guidance and accounted for the Series A Convertible Preferred in accordance with ASC 480 and ASC 470 and determined that the Series A Preferred shares would be considered equity transactions. Except for the dividends, the only mandatory payments are the conversions at maturity, however since the conversions are settled in the Company’s own common stock, the Series A Preferred do not meet the criteria for liability classification. The Company also considered the requirement to classify the Series A Convertible Preferred as temporary equity; however, the Series A shares are not redeemable at the holder’s discretion. The Call option rests solely with management of the Company and the mandatory redemption does not necessitate cash payment since the Company has the option to settle in common stock. The Company considered it highly unlikely that it would redeem the shares for cash at maturity. In addition, extinguishment of debt transactions with related parties are considered to be capital transactions.

Revenue Recognition

Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”), became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company’s revenue recognition disclosure reflects its updated accounting policies that are affected by this new standard. The Company applied the “modified retrospective” transition method for open contracts for the implementation of Topic 606. As sales are and have been primarily from the sale of products to customers, and the Company has no significant post-delivery obligations, this new standard did not result in a material recognition of revenue on the Company’s accompanying consolidated financial statements for the cumulative impact of applying this new standard. The Company made no adjustments to its previously reported total revenues, as those periods continue to be presented in accordance with its historical accounting practices under Topic 605, Revenue Recognition.

Revenue from the product sales is recognized under Topic 606 in a manner that reasonably reflects the delivery of its products to customers in return for expected consideration and includes the following elements:

These five elements, as applied to each of the Company’s revenue categories, are summarized below:

Payments received before all of the relevant criteria for revenue recognition are satisfied are recorded as customer deposits.

Sales returns and allowances were $6,625 and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and 2025, respectively. The Company provides a one-year warranty on all sales. Warranty expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and 2025 was insignificant. The Company does not provide unconditional right of return, price protection or any other concessions to its customers.

See Notes 10 and 11 for disclosures of revenue disaggregated by geographical area and product line.

Customer Deposits

Customer deposits represent cash paid to the Company by customers before the product has been completed and shipped and are considered fully refundable.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. ASC 740 requires a company to use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of, the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. The adoption had no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718,” Compensation – Stock Compensation.” FASB ASC Topic 718 requires companies to measure compensation cost for stock-based employee compensation at fair value at the grant date and recognize the expense over the employee’s requisite service period. The Company recognizes in the statement of operations the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees.

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share is calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.

Diluted EPS is based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock warrants were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method. Under this method, options and warrants are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later), and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. For periods in which the Company has reported net loss, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, because dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive.

The following have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect would have been antidilutive:

Segment Reporting

FASB ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. The Company determined it has two reportable segments. See Note 10. 

Related Parties

The Company accounts for related party transactions in accordance with ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures. A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly or indirectly or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts were reclassified to conform to the manner of presentation in the current period. These reclassifications had no effect on the net loss or shareholders’ equity.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, known as the Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (DISE) standard (ASC 220-40). This standard requires public business entities (PBEs) to break down certain expense captions in the footnotes to provide investors with a more detailed, transparent view of an entity’s cost structures. The main provisions of ASU 2024-03 require a public entity to disclose on an interim and annual basis (i) the amount of inventory purchased during the period, (ii) total wages, salaries, and benefits, (iii) the depreciation charge for physical assets, (iv) amortization of intangible assets, (v) depletion expenses, (vi) qualitative descriptions of primary items making up un-disaggregated expenses, and (vii) total amount of selling expenses, including what the entity defines as selling expenses. The new guidance is effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. This update simplifies how organizations apply the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) model to short-term receivables. It allows all entities to use a practical expedient that eliminates the need to forecast future macroeconomic conditions. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods. The Company adopted the practical expedient in Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2025-05 as of December 31, 2025. In estimating expected credit losses, the Company has elected to assume that current economic conditions at the balance sheet date remain unchanged over the remaining life of the current accounts receivable and contract assets, rather than estimating future changes in economic conditions.