NOTE 13 — Income Taxes

On July 4, 2025, the U.S. government enacted The One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025 (the “OBBBA”) which includes, among other provisions, changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system including extensions and modifications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The OBBBA did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations and financial position as of and for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2026.

The Company’s effective income tax rates were 19.3%, 18.3%, and 20.5% for fiscal 2026, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s U.S. federal statutory tax rate for fiscal years 2026, 2025, and 2024 was 21.0%. The effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2026 was favorably impacted by a $46.7 million tax benefit related to the FDII deduction and $6.6 million in excess tax benefits from the exercise of employee stock options and negatively impacted by $21.5 million related to state income taxes. The effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2025 was favorably impacted by a $55.0 million tax benefit related to the FDII deduction and $36.7 million in excess tax benefits from the exercise of employee stock options and negatively impacted by $38.6 million related to state income taxes. The effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024 was favorably impacted by a $47.7 million tax benefit related to the FDII deduction and $14.8 million in excess tax benefits from the exercise of employee stock options and negatively impacted by $40.6 million related to state income taxes.

The Company’s ability to realize deferred tax assets is dependent on its ability to generate future taxable income. Accordingly, the Company has established a valuation allowance in taxable jurisdictions where the utilization of the tax assets does not meet the more-likely-than-not threshold of recognition. Additional timing differences or future tax losses may occur which could warrant a need for establishing additional valuation allowances against certain deferred tax assets. During fiscal year 2026, the Company recorded a $3.7 million increase in valuation allowances primarily due to additional operating losses and interest disallowance carryforward generated in foreign jurisdictions unlikely to be realized.

As of July 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company had foreign operating losses and interest disallowance carryforward of $56.3 million and $52.3 million (tax effected), respectively. The foreign operating losses, subject to certain limitations, usually can be carried forward indefinitely. However, these losses are subject to valuation allowance based on realizability. The valuation allowance for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2026 and 2025 was $54.1 million and $50.3 million, respectively, which are primarily related to operating losses in certain foreign jurisdictions.

As of July 31, 2026 and 2025, if recognized, the portion of liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions that would favorably affect the Company’s effective tax rate was $2.1 million and $19.9 million, respectively. It is possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next twelve months, due to tax legislation updates or future audit outcomes; however, an estimate of the range of the possible change cannot be made at this time.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of July 31, 2026, 2025 and 2024, the Company had accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits of $1 million, $10.4 million and $13.8 million, respectively.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is currently under examination by certain taxing authorities in the U.S. for fiscal years between 2022 and 2025 and in the U.K. for fiscal year 2024. At this time, the Company does not believe that the outcome of any examination will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations and financial position.

As of July 31, 2026, the Company has undistributed earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries. The Company determined these undistributed foreign earnings along with any additional outside basis differences were indefinitely reinvested as of July 31, 2026, no deferred tax was therefore provided. The Company believes it is not practicable to estimate the amount of deferred tax liability related to the entire outside basis differences due to the complexity of the calculation and the uncertainty regarding assumptions necessary to compute the tax. However, the Company would not anticipate any significant tax liability associated with the repatriation of the undistributed earnings.