(b) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

The carrying value of notes receivable, accounts receivable, and advances to suppliers, approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

(d) Translation of Foreign Currency

The accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). The Company’s functional currency is the U.S. dollar (“USD”) while its subsidiaries in the PRC, including Trans Pacific Beijing and Trans Pacific Logistic Shanghai Ltd. report their financial positions and results of operations in Renminbi (“RMB”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in USD. Foreign currency transactions are translated into USD using the exchange rates in effect at the time of the transaction. Generally, foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company translates the foreign currency financial statements in accordance with ASC 830-10, “Foreign Currency Matters”. Assets and liabilities are translated at current exchange rates quoted by the Federal Reserve at the balance sheets’ dates and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as other comprehensive loss and accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of equity of the Company and also included in non-controlling interests.

The exchange rates in effect as of June 30, 2026, and 2025 were US$1 for RMB6.7851 and RMB7.1636, respectively. The average exchange rates for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026, and 2025 were US$1 for RMB6.9940 and RMB7.2143, respectively.

(f) Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses

The carrying amounts of notes, accounts and other receivable are reduced by an allowance for credit losses that reflects the Company’s best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. The Company makes estimations of the collectability of notes, accounts and other receivable. Many factors are considered in estimating the general allowance, including reviewing delinquent notes and accounts receivable, performing a customer credit analysis, and analyzing historical bad debt records and current and future economic trends. Notes, accounts and other receivable represent historical balances recorded with less related cash applications, less allowance for credit losses and any write-offs of any receivables not previously provided for.

(h) Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue which represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. The Company identifies contractual performance obligations and determines whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.

The Company uses a five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model requires the Company to (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.

For the Company’s freight logistic and shipping agency services revenue, the Company enters into contracts with customers to provide scheduled Yangtze River segment waterway transportation services for iron ore and coal, with a fixed monthly contracted volume of 30,000 metric tons. Each contract contains a single distinct performance obligation, and is negotiated bilaterally, with fixed route-specific tariff rates explicitly defined for each origin loading port to designated unloading port pair. No separate distinct goods or services are promised within the scope of the transportation arrangement.

Revenue for each individual shipment is fully recognized at the point in time when the vessel arrives at the designated unloading port, reports to the customer’s dispatch team, and formal acknowledgment of cargo delivery is completed. At this point, the customer obtains full physical possession, legal control, and the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the delivered cargo, and the Company has satisfied all performance obligations under the contract, with the unconditional right to invoice and collect the corresponding consideration for the completed voyage service, per the metered arrival quantity confirmed through the customer’s water gauge or belt scale measurement system. The Company concludes that each transportation service contract contains one single distinct performance obligation: the full completion of the contracted cargo delivery from the agreed loading port to the customer’s specified destination terminal. There are no separate distinct promises for port agency, cargo handling, or insurance services, as these activities are integrated components required to fulfill the end-to-end delivery commitment to the customer.

Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes transportation service revenue at a point in time, rather than over time. This determination is supported by the following assessment:

The transaction price for each contract is fixed and contractually defined, with rates set per designated port-to-port routes. An additional fixed premium of RMB 5 per metric ton is added to the base tariff only when the customer issues a formal written confirmation to use the Three Gorges Navigation Administration priority passage slot for urgent material deliveries. All tariff rates include 9% value-added tax, which is presented as a current tax liability on the statement of financial position and fully excluded from reported revenue.

Contract terms contain standardized short-shipment (over-loss) adjustment provisions that create variable consideration:

Since all transportation contracts contain only one single distinct performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated directly to this delivery performance obligation. No relative standalone selling price allocation across multiple promised goods or services is required.

The Company elects the ASC 606 permitted practical expedient to expense all incremental costs of obtaining a contract immediately when incurred, as the expected amortization period for these costs is 12 months or less. Vessel operating expenses, port dues, mandatory cargo insurance premiums, and crew related costs are recognized in transportation operating expense as incurred, in alignment with the point-in-time revenue recognition for the corresponding completed shipments.

A trade receivable is recorded in the statement of financial position on the date of successful cargo delivery, as this is the date the Company obtains an unconditional legal right to invoice and collect the full contracted consideration from the customer. Standard contractual payment terms require the customer to settle the valid submitted invoice within 30 days of receipt, with 50% of consideration paid via bank acceptance draft and 50% via commercial note or irrevocable letter of credit. No significant financing component exists within these standard contract payment terms.

The Company’s disaggregated revenue streams are described as follows:

Disaggregated information of revenues by geographic location is as follows:

(j) Leases

The Company adopted FASB ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842) for the year ended June 30, 2020, and elected the practical expedients that does not require us to reassess: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are, or contain, leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. For lease terms of twelve months or fewer, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and liabilities. The Company also adopted the practical expedient that allows lessees to treat the lease and non-lease components of a lease as a single lease component. Upon adoption, the Company recognized right of use (“ROU”) assets and same amount of lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum rental payments of leases, using an incremental borrowing rate of 10.74% based on the duration of lease terms.

Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the adoption date or the commencement date, whichever is earlier, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Since the implicit rate for the Company’s leases is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis, an amount equal to the lease payments, in a similar economic environment and over a similar term.

Lease terms used to calculate the present value of lease payments generally do not include any options to extend, renew, or terminate the lease, as the Company does not have reasonable certainty at lease inception that these options will be exercised. The Company generally considers the economic life of its operating lease ROU assets to be comparable to the useful life of similar owned assets. The Company has elected the short-term lease exception, therefore operating lease ROU assets and liabilities do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Its leases generally do not provide a residual guarantee. The operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company reviews the impairment of its ROU assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of operating lease liabilities in any tested asset group and include the associated operating lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows.

(l) Earnings (loss) per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share are computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to holders of common stock of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of common stock of the Company outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock of the Company were exercised or converted into common stock of the Company. Common stock equivalents are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share if their effects would be anti-dilutive.

For the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, there was no dilutive effect of potential shares of common stock of the Company because the Company generated net loss.

(n) Segment reporting

An operating segment is defined as a distinct component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenue and incur expenses, for which discrete internal financial information is regularly produced. Internal segment financial information must be routinely measured by the Company’s management and presented to the chief operating decision maker as part of formal, recurring performance review and resource allocation cycles to qualify as a reportable unit under U.S. GAAP.

In accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, as updated by ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, the Company strictly applies the management approach to identify and evaluate its reportable operating segments. Under this framework, all reportable segments are fully aligned with the Company’s formal organizational structure and the standardized internal financial reporting packages that are regularly compiled, distributed, and reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for the explicit, primary purposes of allocating capital and operating resources to business activities, and assessing the ongoing financial performance of the Company’s operations.

The Company has designated its full-time Chief Executive Officer (CEO) as the CODM, consistent with the SEC and U.S. GAAP definition of the individual who holds ultimate responsibility for operational resource allocation and performance assessment decisions. The CEO reviews complete, consolidated company-wide operating results on a recurring basis as the exclusive basis for making resource allocation decisions and evaluating overall business performance, and does not manage, govern, or make operational decisions using disaggregated financial information for multiple separate operating segments. There are no segment heads, regional operational management teams, or separate business unit leaders that report segment-specific financial performance directly to the CODM outside of the consolidated enterprise-wide reporting package. As a result, management has performed a formal, documented assessment of ASC 280 criteria and concluded that the Company operates under one single reportable operating segment, focused on providing freight logistics services.

For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, 100% of the Company’s revenue was generated within the People’s Republic of China. No separate geographic segment disclosure is presented, as all of the Company’s operations are concentrated in this single jurisdiction.

(p) Related parties

Parties, which can be a corporation or individuals, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operational decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence. 

(r) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires that public business entities disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. This ASU may be applied either on a prospective or retrospective basis. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our disclosures.

In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40),which clarifies that all public business entities are required to adopt the guidance in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption of Update 2024-03 is permitted.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-04, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Clarifications to Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer, which revised the Master Glossary definition of the term performance condition for share-based consideration payable to a customer. The revised definition incorporates conditions (such as vesting conditions) that are based on the volume or monetary amount of a customer’s purchases (or potential purchases) of goods or services from the grantor (including over a specified period of time). The revised definition also incorporates performance targets based on purchases made by other parties that purchase the grantor’s goods or services from the grantor’s customers. The revised definition of the term performance condition cannot be applied by analogy to awards granted to employees and nonemployees in exchange for goods or services to be used or consumed in the grantor’s own operations. Although it is expected that entities will conclude that fewer awards contain service conditions, for those that are determined to have service conditions, the amendments in this Update eliminate the policy election permitting a grantor to account for forfeitures as they occur. Therefore, when measuring share-based consideration payable to a customer that has a service condition, the grantor is required to estimate the number of forfeitures expected to occur. Separate policy elections for forfeitures remain available for share-based payment awards with service conditions granted to employees and nonemployees in exchange for goods or services to be used or consumed in the grantor’s own operations. The amendments in this Update clarify that share-based consideration encompasses the same instruments as share-based payment arrangements, but the grantee does not need to be a supplier of goods or services to the grantor. Finally, the amendments in this Update clarify that a grantor should not apply the guidance in Topic 606 on constraining estimates of variable consideration to share-based consideration payable to a customer. Therefore, a grantor is required to assess the probability that an award will vest using only the guidance in Topic 718. Collectively, these changes improve the decision usefulness of a grantor’s financial statements, improve the operability of the guidance, and reduce diversity in practice for accounting for share-based consideration payable to a customer. Under the amendments in this Update, revenue recognition will no longer be delayed when an entity grants awards that are not expected to vest. This is expected to result in estimates of the transaction price that better reflect the amount of consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer and, therefore, more decision-useful financial reporting.

The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods (including interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods) beginning after December 15, 2026. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The amendments in this Update permit a grantor to apply the new guidance on either a modified retrospective or a retrospective basis. When applying the amendments in this Update on a modified retrospective basis, a grantor should recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or other appropriate components of 4 equity or net assets in the statement of financial position) as of the beginning of the period of adoption and should not recast any financial statement information before the period of adoption. A grantor should apply the amendments as of the date of initial application to all share-based consideration payable to a customer. When applying the amendments in this Update on a retrospective basis, a grantor should recast comparative periods and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or other appropriate components of equity or net assets in the statement of financial position) as of the beginning of the earliest period presented. Additionally, an entity that elects to apply the guidance retrospectively should use the actual outcome, if known, of a performance condition or service condition as of the beginning of the annual reporting period of adoption for all prior-period estimates. If actual outcomes are unknown as of the beginning of the annual reporting period of adoption, an entity should use its estimate of the probability of achieving a service condition or performance condition as of the beginning of the annual reporting period of adoption for all prior-period estimates.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) - Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software”, the amendments in this Update remove all references to prescriptive and sequential software development stages (referred to as “project stages”) throughout Subtopic 350-40. Therefore, an entity is required to start capitalizing software costs when both of the following occur: 1. Management has authorized and committed to funding the software project. 2. It is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the “probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). In evaluating the probable-to-complete recognition threshold, an entity is required to consider whether there is significant uncertainty associated with the development activities of the software (referred to as “significant development uncertainty”). The two factors to consider in determining whether there is significant development uncertainty are whether: 1. The software being developed has technological innovations or novel, unique, or unproven functions or features, and the uncertainty related to those technological innovations, functions, or features, if identified, has not been resolved through coding and testing. 2. The entity has determined what it needs the software to do (for example, functions or features), including whether the entity has identified or continues to substantially revise the software’s significant performance requirements. The amendments in this Update specify that the disclosures in Subtopic 360- 10, Property, Plant, and Equipment—Overall, are required for all capitalized internal-use software costs, regardless of how those costs are presented in the financial statements. Additionally, the amendments clarify that the intangibles disclosures in paragraphs 350-30-50-1 through 50-3 are not required for capitalized internal-use software costs. Furthermore, the amendments in this Update supersede the website development costs guidance and incorporate the recognition requirements for website-specific development costs from Subtopic 350-50 into Subtopic 350-40. 4 within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The amendments in this Update permit an entity to apply the new guidance using any of the following transition approaches: 1. A prospective transition approach 2. A modified transition approach that is based on the status of the project and whether software costs were capitalized before the date of adoption 3. A retrospective transition approach. Under a prospective transition approach, an entity should apply the amendments in this Update to new software costs incurred as of the beginning of the period of adoption for all projects, including in-process projects. Under a modified transition approach, an entity should apply the amendments in this Update on a prospective basis to new software costs incurred (for all projects, including costs incurred for in-process projects), except for in-process projects that, as of the date of adoption, the entity determines do not meet the capitalization requirements under the amendments but meet the capitalization requirements under current guidance. For those in-process projects, an entity should derecognize any capitalized costs through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or other appropriate components of equity or net assets in the statement of financial position) as of the date of adoption. Under a retrospective transition approach, an entity should recast comparative periods and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or other appropriate components of equity or net assets in the statement of financial position) as of the beginning of the first period presented.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-07, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract”, the amendments in this Update exclude from derivative accounting nonexchange-traded contracts with underlyings that are based on operations or activities specific to one of the parties to the contract. However, this scope exception does not apply to (1) variables based on a market rate, market price, or market index, (2) variables based on the price or performance of a financial asset or financial liability of one of the parties to the contract, (3) contracts (or features) involving the issuer’s own equity that are evaluated under the guidance in Subtopic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, and (4) call options and put options on debt instruments. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. An entity is permitted to apply the amendments in this Update either (1) prospectively to new contracts entered into on or after the date of adoption or (2) on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the annual reporting period of adoption for contracts existing as of the beginning of the annual reporting period of adoption. If an entity applies the modified retrospective transition method described in the preceding paragraph, upon adoption the entity may elect on an instrument-by-instrument basis to (1) measure contracts previously accounted for as derivatives that are no longer accounted for as derivatives in their entirety under the amendments in this Update at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings and (2) stop applying the fair value option for contracts that contained embedded features that otherwise would have been bifurcated but are no longer accounted for as derivatives under the amendments in this Update.

The amendments in this Update clarify that an entity should apply the guidance in Topic 606, including the guidance on noncash consideration in paragraphs 606-10-32-21 through 32-24, to a contract with share-based noncash consideration (for example, shares, share options, or other equity instruments) from a customer for the transfer of goods or services. The guidance in other Topics (including Topic 815 on derivatives and hedging and Topic 321 on equity securities) does not apply to share-based noncash consideration from a customer for the transfer of goods or services unless and until the entity’s right to receive or retain the share-based noncash consideration is unconditional under Topic 606. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. An entity is permitted to apply the amendments in this Update either (1) prospectively to new contracts entered into on or after the date of adoption, including modified contracts accounted for as separate contracts in accordance with paragraph 606-10-25-12, or (2) on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the annual reporting period of adoption for contracts existing as of the beginning of the annual reporting period of adoption.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-08, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326) Purchased Loans”, the amendments in this update expand the population of acquired financial assets subject to the gross-up approach in Topic 326. In accordance with the amendments in this Update, loans (excluding credit cards) acquired without credit deterioration and deemed “seasoned” (defined below) are purchased seasoned loans and accounted for using the gross-up approach at acquisition. Specifically, after an entity determines that a loan is a non-PCD asset based on its assessment of credit deterioration experienced since origination, the entity should apply the guidance described in the amendments to determine whether the loan is seasoned and, therefore, should be accounted for using the gross-up approach. All non-PCD loans (excluding credit cards) that are acquired in a business combination are deemed seasoned. Other non-PCD loans (excluding credit cards) are seasoned if they were purchased at least 90 days after origination and the acquirer was not involved in the origination of the loans. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The amendments in this Update should be applied prospectively to loans that are acquired on or after the initial application date. Early adoption is permitted in an interim or annual reporting period in which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. If an entity adopts the amendments in an interim reporting period, it should apply the amendments as of the beginning of that interim reporting period or the beginning of the annual reporting period that includes that interim reporting period.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) Hedge Accounting Improvements”, Issue 1: Similar Risk Assessment for Cash Flow Hedges - the amendments in this Update expand the hedged risks permitted to be aggregated in a group of individual forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge by changing the requirement to designate a group of individual forecasted transactions from having a shared risk exposure to having a similar risk exposure. Entities are required to assess risk similarity both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis. The amendments also clarify that a group of individual forecasted transactions can be considered to have a similar risk exposure if the derivative used as the hedging instrument is highly effective against each hedged risk in the group. In addition, in some cases, entities are permitted to perform an ongoing qualitative assessment of whether a group of individual forecasted transactions has a similar risk exposure. The amendments in this Update improve GAAP by expanding the hedged risks permitted to be aggregated in a group of individual forecasted transactions, thereby enabling entities to apply hedge accounting to potentially broader portfolios of forecasted transactions. Entities that aggregate larger groups of individual forecasted transactions in accordance with the amendments can achieve hedge accounting in a more efficient, cost-effective manner while reducing the risk of missed forecasts for highly effective economic hedges. Furthermore, the amendments improve operability and foster consistent application of the similar risk assessment. Therefore, an entity’s financial statements can provide more relevant information to investors about the entity’s risk management activities related to cash flow hedges of groups of forecasted transactions. 4 The amendments in this Update improve GAAP because the application of hedge accounting will not be limited by whether the execution of the nonfinancial purchase or sale transaction is in the spot or forward market. Relative to current GAAP, which limits designation of nonfinancial components to those that are contractually specified, a model based on the clearly-and-closely-related criteria permits hedge accounting for eligible components of forecasted spot-market transactions, forward-market transactions, and subcomponents of explicitly referenced components in an agreement’s pricing formula. Furthermore, the amendments also may enable entities to reduce missed forecasts for highly effective economic hedges, more closely aligning hedge accounting with the economics of entities’ risk management activities. The amendments in this Update also clarify that entities may designate a variable price component in a contract that is accounted for as a derivative as the hedged risk if all other hedge criteria are satisfied. That clarification improves GAAP because it resolves diversity in practice about whether hedge accounting may be applied in those situations and allows hedge accounting to be applied to highly effective economic hedges. Issue 4: Net Written Options as Hedging Instruments The amendments in this Update on the use of net written options as hedging instruments improve GAAP by updating the hedge accounting guidance to accommodate differences in the loan and swap markets that developed after the cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate. Specifically, the amendments in this Update eliminate the requirement to apply the net written option test to a compound derivative comprising a swap and a written option designated as the hedging instrument in a cash flow hedge or a fair value hedge of interest rate risk. Issue 5: Foreign-Currency-Denominated Debt Instrument as Hedging Instrument and Hedged Item (Dual Hedge) The amendments in this Update eliminate the recognition and presentation mismatch related to a dual hedge strategy (that is, a hedge for which a foreign currency-denominated debt instrument is both designated as the hedging instrument in a net investment hedge and designated as the hedged item in a fair value hedge of interest rate risk). The amendments require that an entity exclude the debt instrument’s fair value hedge basis adjustment from the net 5 investment hedge effectiveness assessment. As a result, an entity immediately recognizes in earnings the gains and losses from the remeasurement of the debt instrument’s fair value hedge basis adjustment at the spot exchange rate. Entities are prohibited from applying this guidance by analogy to other circumstances. The amendments in this Update improve GAAP by enabling entities that utilize dual hedging strategies to reflect the economic offset of changes attributable to both interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. For entities other than public business entities, the amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted on any date on or after the issuance of this Update. Entities should apply the amendments in this Update on a prospective basis for all hedging relationships. An entity may elect to adopt the amendments in this Update for hedging relationships that exist as of the date of adoption. Upon adoption of the amendments in this Update, entities are permitted to modify certain critical terms of certain existing hedging relationships without dedesignating the hedge.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, “Government Grants (Topic 832) Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities”, The amendments in this Update establish the accounting for a government grant received by a business entity, including guidance for (1) a grant related to an asset and (2) a grant related to income. A grant related to an asset is a government grant, or part of a government grant, that is conditioned on the purchase, construction, or acquisition of an asset (for example, a long-lived asset or inventory). A grant related to income is a government grant, or part of a government grant, other than a grant related to an asset (for example, a grant that reimburses a business entity for operating expenses). The amendments in this Update require that a government grant received by a business entity should not be recognized until: 1. It is probable that (a) a business entity will comply with the conditions attached to the grant and (b) the grant will be received. 2. A business entity meets the recognition guidance for a grant related to an asset or a grant related to income. 3 The amendments in this Update require that a grant related to an asset be recognized on the balance sheet as a business entity incurs the related costs for which the grant is intended to compensate, either as: 1. Deferred income (the deferred income approach) 2. An adjustment to the cost basis in determining the carrying amount of the asset (the cost accumulation approach). A grant related to income and a grant related to an asset for which the deferred income approach is elected should be recognized in earnings on a systematic and rational basis over the periods in which a business entity recognizes as expenses the costs for which the grant is intended to compensate. When a business entity elects the cost accumulation approach for a grant related to an asset, there is no separate subsequent recognition of the government grant proceeds in earnings. The carrying amount of the asset that reflects the government grant proceeds would be used to determine depreciation or other subsequent accounting for that asset. The amendments in this Update require that a business entity present a grant related to income and a grant related to an asset for which the deferred income approach is elected as part of earnings either (1) separately under a general heading such as other income or (2) deducted from the related expense. In addition, the amendments in this Update require, consistent with current disclosure requirements, that a business entity provide disclosures, including the nature of the government grant received, the accounting policies used to account for the grant, and significant terms and conditions of the grant. 5 Under a modified prospective approach, prior-period results should not be restated and there is no cumulative-effect adjustment. 2. A modified retrospective approach to both: a. Government grants that are entered into on or after the beginning of the earliest period presented b. Government grants that are not complete as of the beginning of the earliest period presented. A government grant is complete when substantially all of the government grant proceeds have been recognized before the beginning of the earliest period presented. Under a modified retrospective approach, all prior period results should be restated for government grants that are not complete as of the beginning of the earliest period presented through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the earliest period presented. 3. A retrospective approach to all government grants through a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the earliest period presented.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, “Interim Reporting (Topic 270) Narrow-Scope Improvements”, the amendments in this Update clarify interim disclosure requirements and the applicability of Topic 270. The amendments in this Update result in a comprehensive list of interim disclosures that are required by GAAP. In developing the list of disclosures required by other Topics, the Board focused on identifying the interim disclosures that are currently required under GAAP. The objective of the amendments is to provide clarity about the current requirements, rather than evaluate whether to expand or reduce interim disclosure requirements. The amendments in this Update also include a disclosure principle that requires entities to disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. The intent of the disclosure principle, which is modeled after a previous SEC disclosure requirement, is to help entities determine whether disclosures not specified in Topic 270 should be provided in interim reporting periods. The amendments in this Update also clarify the applicability of Topic 270, the types of interim reporting, and the form and content of interim financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The Board expects that these clarifications will enhance consistency in interim reporting for all entities. The Board considers the amendments in this Update to be necessary to reflect the development of interim reporting over time. The amendments in this Update are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, for public business entities and for interim reporting periods within annual reporting 3 periods beginning after December 15, 2028, for entities other than public business entities. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The amendments in this Update can be applied either (1) prospectively or (2) retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-12, “Codification Improvements”, thirty-three issues are addressed in this Update. Generally, the amendments in this Update are not intended to result in significant changes for most entities. However, the Board recognizes that changes to guidance may result in accounting changes for some entities. Therefore, the Board is providing transition guidance for the amendments. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. 12 Early adoption is permitted in both interim and annual reporting periods in which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. If an entity adopts the amendments in this Update in an interim period, it must adopt them as of the beginning of the annual reporting period that includes that interim reporting period. An entity may elect to early adopt the amendments on an issue-by-issue basis. For example, an entity may decide to early adopt certain amendments and adopt the remaining amendments at the effective date. An entity should apply the amendments in this Update (except for the amendments to Topic 260, Earnings Per Share, related to Issue 4) using one of the following transition methods: 1. Prospectively to all transactions recognized on or after the date that the entity first applies the amendments 2. Retrospectively to the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. An entity should adjust the opening balance of retained earnings (or other appropriate components of equity or net assets in the statement of financial position) as of the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. An entity may elect the transition method on an issue-by-issue basis. For example, it may apply certain amendments prospectively while applying others retrospectively. For the amendments in this Update to Topic 260 (that is, Issue 4), an entity should apply the amendments retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented in the period of adoption.

In April, the FASB issued ASU 2026-01, Equity (Topic 505) Initial Measurement of Paid-in-Kind Dividends on Equity-Classified Preferred Stock. The amendments in this Update require that PIK dividends on equity-classified preferred stock be initially measured on the basis of the PIK dividend rate stated in the preferred stock agreement. For example, if the preferred stock agreement specifies that PIK dividends are calculated by multiplying the PIK dividend rate by the liquidation value of the preferred stock outstanding, an entity should initially measure the PIK dividend at that amount. The liquidation value (or liquidation preference) of the preferred stock is typically defined by the preferred stock agreement and specifies the value of the preferred stock upon the occurrence of a liquidation event (such as the entity becoming insolvent). When preferred stock is not issued at a discount or premium, the liquidation value upon initial issuance is typically the same as the original issuance price of the preferred stock. The amendments in this Update improve GAAP by providing authoritative guidance for the initial measurement of PIK dividends on equity-classified preferred stock. Specifically, the amendments improve the decision usefulness of the financial reporting information provided to investors by (1) enhancing the comparability of financial information reported among entities that issue PIK dividends on equity-classified preferred stock and (2) providing additional information about the liquidation value of the preferred stock, which helps investors to understand the amount and preference of relative claims on an entity. The amendments also provide clear, cost-effective guidance that will reduce complexity. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted in an interim or annual reporting period in which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. An entity adopting the amendments in an interim reporting period should apply them as of the beginning of the annual reporting period that includes that interim reporting period. An entity is permitted to apply the amendments in this Update either (1) on a prospective basis or (2) on a modified retrospective basis for equity-classified preferred stock instruments that are outstanding as of the initial application date. Under the prospective transition approach, an issuer should apply the amendments in this Update to PIK dividends recognized on equity-classified preferred stock instruments on or after the initial application date. Under the modified retrospective transition approach, an issuer should recast prior reporting periods presented and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the earliest period presented related to previously issued PIK dividends recognized on equity-classified preferred stock that is outstanding as of the initial application date.

In May 2026, the FASB issued ASU 2026-02, Environmental Credits and Environmental Credit Obligations (Topic 818). The amendments in this Update apply to all entities and affect entities that: 1. Buy or receive transferable environmental credits and use those credits: a. To settle environmental credit obligations arising from regulatory compliance programs b. To transfer in an exchange transaction c. In a nonreciprocal transfer (for example, to distribute to an investor) d. To meet voluntary environmental initiatives, such as carbon neutral or net zero initiatives. 2. Generate environmental credits. 3. Have enforceable obligations resulting from regulatory compliance programs represented to prevent, control, reduce, or remove emissions or other pollution that may be settled with environmental credits. The amendments in this Update improve GAAP by providing specific authoritative guidance for environmental credits and environmental credit obligations. Environmental Credits Broadly, environmental credits as defined by the amendments in this Update are enforceable rights represented to prevent, control, reduce, or remove emissions or other pollution that are separately transferable in an exchange transaction. Entities can acquire environmental credits in an exchange transaction, receive environmental credits through a grant from a regulator or its designee(s) as part of a regulatory compliance program, internally generate environmental credits, or receive environmental credits in a nonreciprocal transfer that is not a grant from a regulator or its designee(s). Recognition and Measurement An entity is required to recognize an environmental credit as an asset when it is probable that the environmental credit will be (1) used to settle an environmental credit obligation, (2) transferred in an exchange transaction, or (3) used in a nonreciprocal transfer. An entity is required to recognize costs to obtain all other environmental credits as an expense when incurred (for example, environmental credits acquired to satisfy a voluntary net zero emission initiative). Environmental credits received through a grant from a regulator or internally generated by an entity initially should be measured at the amount of transaction costs incurred to obtain those environmental credits, if any. Environmental credits that are obtained in a transaction initially measured in accordance with a Topic other than Topic 818 should follow the requirements of that Topic. All other environmental credits should be initially measured at cost in accordance with the guidance on asset acquisitions in Subtopic 805-50, Business Combinations—Related Issues. At each reporting date, an entity is required to subsequently measure its environmental credits recognized as assets considering its intended use of those environmental credits. Specifically: 1. Compliance environmental credits. Environmental credits that an entity is probable of using to settle an environmental credit obligation should be subsequently measured at cost and not tested for impairment at each reporting date. 2. Noncompliance environmental credits. All other environmental credits owned by an entity should be subsequently measured at cost, less impairment losses, if any. Noncompliance environmental credits should be tested for impairment at each reporting date. Impairment expense should be recognized when the carrying value of a noncompliance environmental credit exceeds its fair value, measured as the excess of the carrying value over fair value. Subsequent reversal of a previously recognized impairment loss is prohibited. Additionally, an entity is permitted to elect an accounting policy to measure eligible classes of noncompliance environmental credits at fair value, with subsequent changes recognized in earnings. Presentation An entity is required to present its compliance environmental credit assets separately from its environmental credit obligation liabilities on the balance sheet. Disclosure An entity is required to disclose in annual reporting periods qualitative information about how it obtained and intends to use its environmental credits, the accounting policies used to account for environmental credits, and significant estimates and judgments used in applying the guidance. An entity also is required to disclose in annual reporting periods the current and noncurrent amounts of compliance environmental credits and noncompliance environmental credits (if not separately presented on a classified balance sheet), the total expense for voluntary environmental credits, and the total impairment expense.

If an entity changes its use, or intended use, of its environmental credits, it is required for annual reporting periods to disclose the nature of that change as of the date that it occurs and the related effect on earnings on that date, if any. Environmental Credit Obligations Environmental credit obligations as defined by the amendments in this Update are enforceable obligations resulting from regulatory compliance programs represented to prevent, control, reduce, or remove emissions or other pollution that may be settled with environmental credits. As a result, voluntary initiatives and similar statements of intent do not constitute an environmental credit obligation. Recognition and Measurement An entity is required to recognize an environmental credit obligation liability when events (for example, emissions) occurring on or before the reporting date result in an environmental credit obligation. In determining whether a liability should be recognized, the amendments in this Update require that an entity assume that the reporting date is the end of the compliance period regardless of whether the compliance period ends on that date. An entity is required to initially and subsequently measure an environmental credit obligation liability at each reporting date using the carrying amount of the compliance environmental credits that the entity holds and expects to use to settle that obligation at the reporting date (referred to as the funded portion of the liability). If an entity has insufficient compliance environmental credits at the reporting date to satisfy the liability, that unfunded portion should be initially and subsequently measured at the fair value of the environmental credits necessary to settle the unfunded portion at the reporting date, with certain exceptions. An environmental credit obligation liability should be derecognized when an entity remits the necessary environmental credits to a regulator. Disclosure An entity is required to disclose in annual reporting periods all of the following about regulatory compliance programs that result in the entity’s environmental credit obligation liabilities: 1. The activities or events that result in environmental credit obligation liabilities under those programs, including the nature and timing of settlement provisions 2. The accounting policies used to account for the environmental credit obligations 3. How the unfunded portion of an environmental credit obligation liability is measured 4. Significant estimates and judgments used in applying the guidance. An entity also is required to disclose in annual reporting periods: 1. The current and noncurrent amounts of the funded and unfunded portions of environmental credit obligation liabilities (if not separately presented on a classified balance sheet) 2. Total expense related to environmental credit obligation liabilities 3. Total costs associated with environmental credit obligation liabilities that are capitalized in the carrying amount of another asset during the reporting period in accordance with another Topic. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. For entities other than public business entities, the amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2028, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. An entity should apply the amendments in this Update on a retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or other appropriate components of equity or net assets on the balance sheet) as of the beginning of the annual reporting period of adoption. An entity should not recast any financial statement information before the period of adoption. At the date of initial application, the entity should: 1. Recognize an environmental credit asset if it is probable that the entity will use the environmental credit to settle an environmental credit obligation, transfer the credit in an exchange transaction, or use the credit in a nonreciprocal transfer. For all other environmental credits (voluntary environmental credits), the entity should derecognize the carrying amount of those environmental credits unless that amount was capitalized as part of another asset (for example, inventory) before the date of initial application. An entity also should derecognize the carrying amount of an asset recognized for a nonrefundable deposit made to obtain voluntary environmental credits. 2. Measure environmental credits recognized as assets as follows: a. Compliance environmental credits. Using the entity’s carrying amount existing at the date of initial application. b. Noncompliance environmental credits. At the lower of the entity’s carrying amount of the environmental credits existing at the date of initial application and the fair value of the environmental credits at the date of initial application. c. Notwithstanding (a) and (b) above, an entity may elect to measure all of its environmental credits that were internally generated or received through a grant from a regulator or its designee(s) at their transaction costs, if any. d. Any class of eligible noncompliance environmental credits that an entity elects to measure at fair value. Using the fair value of those environmental credits at the date of initial application. 3. Continue to include the cost of environmental credits capitalized as part of another asset (for example, manufactured inventory) before the date of initial application as part of the carrying amount of that other asset. 4. Recognize and measure environmental credit obligation liabilities by applying the amendments at the date of initial application. 5. Apply the amendments to Topic 805, Business Combinations, prospectively to transactions occurring after the date of initial application.

The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, statements of operations, cash flows, and disclosures.