​

  ​ ​ ​

For the three months

  ​ ​ ​

For the six months

​

​

ended June 30,

​

ended June 30,

​

​

2026

​

2025

​

2026

​

2025

Staff costs (note 19)

221,601

​

44,496

​

441,014

​

145,538

Depreciation (notes 8/9)

25,226

​

2,118

​

35,046

​

4,236

External research and development cost

11,587

​

68,492

​

20,981

​

101,075

Patent maintenance and registration costs

15,540

​

53,865

​

29,580

​

97,119

Professional fees

237,532

​

320,253

​

355,873

​

622,635

D&O insurance

​

37,027

​

47,207

​

74,056

​

91,857

Fair value services received at zero costs

​

9,948

​

34,505

​

17,639

​

105,560

Other operating costs

96,839

​

198,337

​

168,629

​

278,570

Total operating costs

655,300

​

769,273

​

1,142,818

​

1,446,590