v3.26.3
Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

 

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, including comparatives, have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34, Interim Financial Reporting, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The Company’s annual consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the IASB and interpretations issued by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”). Our year end is December 31. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the parent company and its subsidiaries constituting the Company. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

 

The interim results set forth in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 and in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements presented in this report do not include all the information and disclosures required in annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements as at December 31, 2025 and for the year then ended, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F/A for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “2025 Annual Report”), filed June 22, 2026.

 

The accounting policies and methods of computation applied in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are consistent with those applied in the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025. Refer to the 2025 Annual Report for a detailed summary of the Company’s accounting policies. The amounts in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands of dollars (“USD” or “$”), except for the share and per share information or otherwise stated. The comparative information is presented for the previous periods.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

 

Effective January 1, 2026, the Company adopted Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments (Amendments to IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures). The amendments clarify certain requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities, including matters related to contractual cash flow characteristics and electronic payment systems, and introduce additional disclosure requirements for certain financial instruments. The adoption of these amendments did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Functional and Presentation Currency

Functional and Presentation Currency

 

The financial statements of each of the Company’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). Effective January 1, 2026, the Company changed its presentation currency from EUR to USD, and accounted for this change retrospectively in accordance with IAS 21. The change was made due to the pivot in the Company’s business strategy from legacy sports business, which operated primarily inside of Europe, to digital asset treasury with the majority of its assets being held in Solana tokens that are valued and presented in USD. Accordingly, following the adoption of a new business strategy the majority of the Company’s staking revenues will be USD-denominated. The Company’s management believes that the USD presentation would provide more relevant information to investors and stakeholders, as it reflects the currency of the Company’s primary operating activities. All comparative amounts presented as of December 31, 2025 and for six months ended as of June 30, 2025 have been translated into USD as if it had always been the presentation currency. Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at the closing rate, income and expenses are translated at rates approximating transaction dates (average rates used for the period), and resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve. Equity components (share capital, share premium, and accumulated deficit brought forward) were translated at historical rates as of the dates they originally arose. The translation resulted in an adjustment of $133 to the beginning equity balance as of January 1, 2025, reflecting the effect of applying the new presentation currency as though it had always been the Company’s presentation currency. The adjustment was presented within equity in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity and was not recognized as a gain or loss in profit or loss or as a separate other comprehensive income item.

 

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands of US dollars (the Company’s presentation currency).

 

Entity   Functional Currency
Brera Holdings PLC   United States dollar (“US$”)
Brera Milano S.r.l.   Euro (“EUR”)
Brera FC   Euro (“EUR”)
Fudbalski Klub Akademija Pandev   Macedonian Denar
UYBA Volley S.s.d.a.r.l.   Euro (“EUR”)
Tiverija Brera AD Strumica   Macedonian Denar
SS Juve Stabia SpA   Euro (“EUR”)
Solmate USA Inc.   United States dollar (“US$”)

 

 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions, and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year-end exchange rates, are generally recognized in profit or loss. Foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of profit or loss, on a net basis within other gains or losses.

 

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss.

 

The results and financial position of foreign operations (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

 

● assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet and at historical rates for equity.

 

● income and expenses for each statement of profit or loss and statement of comprehensive income are translated at average exchange rates (unless this is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions), and

 

● all resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income.

 

On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of any net investment in foreign entities, and of borrowings and other financial instruments designated as hedges of such investments, are recognized in other comprehensive income. When a foreign operation is sold or any borrowings forming part of the net investment are repaid, the associated exchange differences are reclassified to profit or loss, as part of the gain or loss on sale.

 

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the closing rate.

Going Concern Assumption

Going Concern Assumption

 

In preparing these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, the management of the Company have given careful consideration to the future liquidity of the Company. During the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company incurred a net loss of $74,298 while the Company had an accumulated deficit of $512,431 as of June 30, 2026.

 

In accordance with International Accounting Standards (“IAS”) 1 Presentation of Financial Statement, management has assessed the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for at least twelve months from the reporting date and considered whether any material uncertainties exist that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

 

The Company’s primary source of liquidity has historically been proceeds from equity financing.

 

Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring operating losses and negative cash flows from operations. As disclosed in the unaudited interim condensed financial statements as of June 30, 2025, management previously identified a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern due to historical losses and the need for additional financing.

 

Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was approximately $13,267, and the Company held $13,070 in cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2026. In addition, the Company has liquid digital assets with a fair value of $64,649 as of June 30, 2026, and may be able to use proceeds from sale of these digital assets to fund its operations, if needed. Based on the current resources and forecast cash requirements, management expects the Company to meet its obligations for at least twelve months from the reporting date and there is no material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

 

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the continuity of operations, realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business and do not include any adjustments that would result if the Company were unable to continue as a going concern.

Historical Cost Convention

Historical Cost Convention

 

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the historical cost basis, except as disclosed in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

Judgments and Estimates

Judgments and Estimates

 

The preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual outcomes could differ from these estimates. The financial statements include estimates which by their nature are uncertain. The impacts of such estimates are pervasive throughout the financial statements and may require accounting adjustments based on future occurrences. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. These estimates are based on historical experience, current and future economic conditions, and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

 

● Measurement of the provision for doubtful accounts, for the significant assumptions used by management in estimating the expected credit loss (“ECL”) (weighted-average loss rate or default rate, current and future financial situation of debtors for individual receivables that management is aware will be difficult to collect, future general economic conditions), and for the fair value measurements of options and warrants.

 

● Estimated useful lives, depreciation method and impairment assessment of the property, plant and equipment and rights-of-use assets and for measuring impairment of intangibles.

 

● Valuation of digital assets, including SOL and other crypto assets received or receivable as consideration in non cash transactions, assets received in kind, and assets acquired or transferred in connection with PIPE transactions, including any estimates related to vesting schedules assumptions and other inputs used in valuation of the discount for lack of marketability for certain locked digital assets.

 

● Determination of the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations or asset acquisitions, including the valuation of Juve Stabia Purchase Price Allocation and related purchase price allocation assumptions.

 

● Valuation of receivable for private company shares, including the fair value of shares receivable from PIPE investors, where applicable, and valuation of investment in private company shares. The valuation requires judgment because the underlying shares are not publicly traded and may involve assumptions regarding observable transaction prices, changes in market conditions, company-specific developments, transfer restrictions, expected timing of receipt, foreign currency effects and recoverability.

 

● Estimates and assumptions used to determine the fair value of share-based payment awards, including expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and other relevant valuation inputs.

 

● Determination of Juve Stabia’s results of operations and related balance sheet movements for the period from January 1, 2026 to the disposal date of April 17, 2026, as actual financial information was not available as of the reporting date. Revenue and expenses were estimated primarily on a pro-rata basis from the preceding six-month period, adjusted for available contractual and banking data, and represent a significant input to the gain or loss on disposal recognized within discontinued operations.
Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, without notice or penalty, with an initial maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Our Company had cash equivalents of $13,070 and $19,033, as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. These uninsured balances are held with high-quality financial institutions, and the Company monitors their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

 

Prepayments and other current assets consist mainly of yearly registration fees to professional leagues, legal and professional deposits, and loans receivables. Details are as follows:

 

    (Unaudited)
June 30,
    December 31,  
    2026     2025  
Prepaid insurance   $ 651     $ 7  
Deposits and prepayments     854       1,016  
Loan receivable     91       110  
Inventory asset     18       19  
Prepaid Taxes     -       9  
Total   $ 1,614     $ 1,161  

 

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, loan receivables included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, all of which was due from Sport for Life. Sport for Life is owned by Sasho Pandev, the brother of Goran Pandev, who is a director and minority shareholder of Brera Holdings and a minority shareholder of FKAP.

Digital Assets

Digital Assets

 

The Company accounts for its digital assets as intangible assets in accordance with IAS 38, Intangible Assets, as the digital assets are identifiable, non-monetary assets without physical substance. Digital assets are recognized when the Company obtains control of the underlying digital assets. Digital assets acquired through purchases are initially recognized at cost, which includes the purchase price and any directly attributable costs necessary to acquire the assets. Digital assets received as part of capital raising activities, including the PIPE, are initially recognized at transaction cost value on the date the Company obtains control over those assets.

 

The Company applies the cost model under IAS 38 for subsequent measurement of its digital assets. Accordingly, digital assets are carried at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. The Company has determined that its digital assets have indefinite useful lives because there is no foreseeable limit to the period over which the assets are expected to generate economic benefits. As a result, digital assets are not amortized.

 

Digital assets are assessed for impairment quarterly. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of the digital assets exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. Impairment losses on digital assets are reflected in the consolidated statements of profit or loss within operating expenses.

 

In determining the fair value of crypto assets for its impairment evaluation, the Company utilizes quoted digital asset prices within the Company’s principal market at the time of measurement, based on the closing price as of the date of measurement. The Company has designated Kraken exchange as its principal exchange market for SOL based on the market that the Company has access to and that has the greatest volume and level of orderly transactions for SOL. The Company reassesses its principal market when facts and circumstances change, including, but not limited to, when new markets become accessible or when the volume or activity in the current principal market declines.

 

In determining the fair value of SOL, the Company uses the closing SOL/USD market price as of the applicable measurement date, based on the Kraken exchange market as its principal market for SOL.

 

The Company recognizes disposals of digital assets using the first-in, first-out method. Any gain or loss on disposal is measured as the difference between the consideration received and the carrying amount of the digital assets disposed of and is recognized in the consolidated statements of profit or loss.

 

 

The Company received locked, staked SOL (“Locked SOL”) as part of its PIPE transaction and commenced native staking with acquired SOL in October 2025. The Locked SOL is held in a custodial controlled account managed by an authorized person and is subject to a long-term monthly vesting schedule under which the principal balance and earned staking rewards can be earned. The Company is contractually restricted from transferring the Locked SOL on-chain; however, the Company may transfer ownership off-chain through a wallet ownership transfer with the custodian.

 

The Company classifies Locked SOL within digital assets in the consolidated balance sheets. In assessing impairment of Locked SOL, the Company considers the contractual transfer restrictions and vesting schedule, including a discount for lack of marketability, based on a third-party valuation assessment that was reviewed by management for completeness and reasonableness. The third-party valuation used the quoted SOL market price as of the valuation date as the starting point and applied discounts for lack of marketability based on the remaining contractual restriction periods. As of June 30, 2026, the remaining restriction periods ranged from 1 month to 19 months, resulting in DLOMs ranging from 7.5% to 33.5%, with a blended DLOM of 22.76% applied to certain locked SOL tranches.

 

The Company’s prepaid digital assets that have not yet been delivered to the Company are recorded as prepayment for digital assets until the Company obtains control of the underlying digital assets. As of December 31, 2025, prepayments for digital assets amounted to $50,000, less cumulative impairment of $16,301, resulting in a net carrying amount of $33,699. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2026, the Company determined that the previously recognized impairment no longer existed based on changes in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount of the related asset and reversed the $16,301 impairment loss. Following the delivery of digital assets, $50,000 was reclassified from prepayments for digital assets to digital assets, accounted for in accordance with the policy described above. As of June 30, 2026, prepayment for digital assets amounted to $0.

 

Purchases of digital assets are reflected as cash flows used in investing activities in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Solana Staking

Solana Staking

 

The Company used a portion of the proceeds from its capital raising activities to acquire and deploy SOL in staking activities, including native staking and locked or restricted staking arrangements. The Company participates in staking by delegating SOL to validators on the Solana network, including validators operated by RockawayX Infra Ltd., which is a related party to the Company and other third-party providers. The Company may enter into service arrangements with validators or infrastructure providers to facilitate staking; however, the Company retains beneficial ownership and economic exposure to the SOL it stakes.

 

The Company evaluates whether it controls staked SOL based on its ability to obtain the economic benefits from the asset and to restrict others’ access to those benefits. Lock-up, vesting, or other transfer restrictions do not, in and of themselves, result in a loss of control where the Company retains beneficial ownership of the SOL and the related rights to staking rewards. Accordingly, staked SOL, including locked or restricted SOL, remains recognized as digital assets of the Company unless and until control is transferred to another party.

 

Staking rewards are generated through the Company’s participation in network validation activities by delegating SOL to validators. The amount of staking rewards, if any, is variable and subject to validator performance, network conditions, protocol rules and other factors outside the Company’s control. The Company recognizes staking rewards when the applicable network epoch has been completed, the rewards have been confirmed by the Solana network, and the Company has obtained the right to receive the rewards. Prior to such confirmation, the Company does not recognize staking rewards because the amount of rewards is not known and remains subject to factors outside the Company’s control.

 

 

Staking rewards are presented as revenue when the related staking activities are part of the Company’s ordinary activities. Upon recognition, staking rewards are measured at the fair value of the SOL received or receivable using observable market prices or other market-based reference rates as of the date the Company obtains the right to the rewards. If rewards have been earned but not yet received, the Company recognizes a staking rewards receivable or contract asset, as applicable. Upon receipt, the rewards are recognized as digital assets in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy for digital assets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The fair values of all financial instruments are measured using cost, market or income approaches. Fair values of investments are estimated by a combination of internal and external valuation specialists. Valuations are reviewed by the Company’s senior management.

 

The financial instruments measured at fair value are classified into one of three levels in the fair value hierarchy according to the relative reliability of the inputs used to estimate the fair values, with the designation based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are:

 

● Level 1 Inputs: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date.

 

● Level 2 Inputs: Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other observable inputs other than quoted prices.

 

● Level 3 Inputs: One or more inputs to the valuation are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs reflect management’s assumptions on how market participants would price the asset or liability based on the information available.

 

On initial recognition, financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized at fair value and are subsequently classified and measured at: (i) amortized cost; (ii) fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”); or (iii) fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”). The classification of financial assets and liabilities is generally based on the business model in which a financial asset or liability is managed and its contractual cash flow characteristics. A financial asset or liability is initially measured at fair value net of transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or incurrence, except for financial assets at FVTPL where transaction costs are expensed. All financial assets and liabilities that are not classified and measured at amortized cost or FVOCI are measured at FVTPL.

Financial assets

Financial assets

 

Financial assets are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issuance of financial assets are added to or deducted from the fair value on initial recognition, except for financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss, for which transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

 

The Company classifies financial assets at initial recognition as subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, or fair value through profit or loss based on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets.

 

Cash and cash equivalents are measured at fair value. Accounts receivable, loan receivables and other receivables, including prepayment for digital asset transactions, are generally measured at amortized cost and are subject to an expected credit loss assessment. Receivables for private company shares, investments in private company shares, derivative financial assets and liabilities, if any, are measured at fair value through profit or loss.

 

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company’s financial assets consisted primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other receivables, loan receivables, receivables for private company shares, and investment in private company shares. The carrying amounts of cash and receivables approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities, unless otherwise disclosed. While receivables for private company shares and investment in private company shares are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the underlying private company shares are not publicly traded and there is no quoted price in an active market for the shares.

Accounts receivables and other receivables, net

Accounts receivables and other receivables, net

 

Accounts receivable are recognized initially at the amount of consideration that is unconditional, unless they contain significant financing components, in which case they are recognized at fair value. They are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less expected credit loss allowance. For trade receivables, the Company applies the simplified approach permitted by IFRS 9, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognized from initial recognition of the receivables. The expected credit loss allowance is recorded using a provision matrix based on historical default experience, adjusted for current and forward-looking information, including the financial condition of counterparties and general economic conditions. The Company’s accounts receivables are mainly made up of advertising, sponsorships, and naming rights due from third parties. The Company’s other receivables comprise balances due from counterparties from other transactions, including digital transactions and sports business. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, accounts receivable and other receivables, net amounted to $44 and $4,839, respectively.

 

At each reporting date, the Company assesses expected credit losses (“ECL”) on its accounts receivable and other receivables and records an impairment provision, if needed.

Impairment

Impairment

 

The Company recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses (“ECL”) on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade receivables, loan receivables and other receivables. Expected credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls over the expected life of the financial asset, discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate, where applicable.

 

The Company applies the simplified approach for trade receivables and recognizes lifetime expected credit losses from initial recognition. For other financial assets measured at amortized cost, the Company applies the general approach under IFRS 9 and recognizes expected credit losses based on changes in credit risk since initial recognition.

 

In assessing expected credit losses, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort, including historical collection experience, current conditions, borrower or counterparty-specific factors, expected timing of collection, collateral or other credit enhancements, and forward looking information.

 

Financial assets are written off when the Company has no reasonable expectation of recovering the asset in whole or in part. Any impairment losses, reversals of impairment losses and write-offs are recognized in profit or loss.

Investment in private company shares

Investment in private company shares

 

The Company accounts for its investment in private company shares as a financial asset measured at fair value through profit or loss under IFRS 9. Changes in fair value are recognized in profit or loss.

 

The investment in private company shares is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the underlying private company shares are not publicly traded and there is no quoted price in an active market for the shares. The fair value of the investment in private company shares was determined using a mark-to-market approach anchored to the observable per-share transaction price paid by Brera Holdings on the date of legal ownership of September 15, 2025 (Acquisition Date), adjusted forward to June 30, 2026 by reference to the price movement of relevant market indices over the intervening period. Significant judgment was required in selecting the adjustment to the value as of June 30, 2026.

 

The significant inputs used in the valuation included an acquisition-date per-share value of $48.82, a selected depreciation adjustment of 30.0%, and an indicated valuation-date per-share value of $34.17. Based on 204,184 shares, the valuation report concluded a fair value of $6,978 as of June 30, 2026. The Company recognized a fair value loss of $2,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2026, which was included in other income (expenses). See Note 11, Investment in Private Company Shares, for more details.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities

 

All financial liabilities are classified and subsequently measured at amortized cost except for financial liabilities at FVTPL. The classification determines the method by which the financial liabilities are carried in the consolidated statements of financial position subsequent to inception and how changes in value are recorded. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, taxes payable, due to related parties, loans payable and lease liability are classified as financial liabilities and carried in the statements of financial position at amortized cost, which approximates the fair value. Interest bearing loans are initially recognized at fair value, and are subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest method.

 

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a derivative liability of $0 and $270, respectively, as a Level 2 financial liability representing an obligation to make a cash payment for unsettled digital assets transaction, which was classified as a financial liability at FVTPL. The outstanding balance of this liability is reported under accrued and other current liabilities.

 

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a contingent liability of $117 and $117, respectively, as a Level 2 financial liability representing a contingent obligation to issue certain number of restricted Class B ordinary shares annually over a ten year period beginning December 31, 2023 if certain conditions related to the club’s performance are met. This contingent obligation was classified as a financial liability at FVTPL.

Financial Liabilities vs. Equity

Financial Liabilities vs. Equity

 

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument under IAS 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation.

 

An instrument is classified as a financial liability when the Company has a contractual obligation to deliver cash or another financial asset to another party, or to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities under conditions that are potentially unfavorable to the Company. A contract that will or may be settled in the Company’s own equity instruments is also assessed to determine whether it requires settlement by delivery of a variable number of the Company’s own equity instruments or otherwise fails the “fixed-for-fixed” equity classification criteria.

 

An instrument is classified as equity only when it evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities and the contractual terms do not give rise to a financial liability.

Equity Instruments

Equity Instruments

 

Equity instruments issued by the Company, including shares, stock awards, options and warrants, are recognized in equity when the contractual terms of the instruments do not give rise to a financial liability. For instruments that may be settled in the Company’s own equity instruments, the Company assesses whether the arrangement will be settled by exchanging a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of the Company’s own equity instruments.

 

Equity instruments are initially measured at the fair value of the consideration received or, where issued in exchange for services, at the fair value of the instruments granted at the grant date or issuance date, as applicable. Amounts recognized in respect of equity instruments are recorded directly in equity, net of any directly attributable transaction costs.

Accounts Payable

Accounts Payable

 

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of the financial period which are unpaid. Accounts payable are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognized initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

 

The Company’s accounts payable mainly represent amounts due to vendors, including independent third party and related parties, who delivered the consultancy services. Other payables mainly represent accruals, VAT and other taxes payable.

Financial Risk Factors

Financial Risk Factors

 

The Company is exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial instrument-related risks. The main types of risks are credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. These risks arise from the normal course of operations, and all transactions are undertaken as a going concern. The type of risk exposure and the way in which such exposure is managed is as follows:

Credit Risk

Credit Risk

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to discharge an obligation to the Company, resulting in a financial loss. The Company is exposed to credit risk primarily from cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, loan receivables and amounts due from counterparties. The Company manages credit risk by monitoring counterparty credit quality, assessing collectability of receivables and maintaining cash balances with financial institutions and custodians that management believes are creditworthy.

 

As of June 30, 2026, there were no customers that accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable and other receivables, net, and as of December 31, 2025, there were two customers who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable and other receivables, net. In order to minimize credit risk, the management of the Company has delegated a team responsible for determination of credit limits and credit approvals.

 

Cash and cash equivalents are placed with credit-worthy financial institutions with high credit ratings assigned by international credit-rating agencies and therefore credit risk is limited. The Company has adopted procedures for extending credit terms to customers and monitoring its credit risk. Credit evaluations are performed on customers requiring credit over a certain amount. Before accepting any new customer, the Company carries out research on the credit risk of the new customer and assesses the potential customer’s credit quality and defines credit limits by customer. Limits attributed to customers are reviewed when necessary.

 

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash deposits and accounts receivable. The Company minimizes the concentration of credit risk associated with its cash by maintaining its cash with high-quality insured financial institutions. For the cash deposit in the traditional banks in Italy, cash balances in excess of the amount covered by the statutory Deposit Guarantee Scheme in Italy (i.e., EUR100,000) are at risk. For the cash deposit in non-traditional banks (i.e., Wise Europe SA), the whole amount of the cash deposit is at risk since it is not insured by the government.

 

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had cash deposits in a non-traditional bank, Wise Europe SA, amounting to $423 and $11,631 respectively. These deposits are not insured by the local government. The Company performed a detailed credit risk assessment concerning the uninsured deposit made in Wise Europe SA and determined that the credit risk is low, based on the following factors: (i) Wise Europe SA safeguards its customers’ funds by holding them in a mix of cash in leading commercial banks and low-risk liquid assets, as required by its regulatory obligations; (ii) Wise Europe SA is authorized by the National Bank of Belgium (“NBB”), which ensures that the bank operates under the regulations and guidelines set by the NBB; and (iii) the Company has not experienced losses on these bank accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk with respect to these bank accounts.

 

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company also held cash deposits in a US commercial bank Axos Bank and Terra Bank, amounting to $11,993 and $4,940, respectively. Up to $250 held on these accounts are insured by the US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company performed a detailed credit risk assessment concerning the uninsured deposit held in these banks and determined that the credit risk is low. Axos Bank safeguards customer funds by holding them in a mix of cash at leading commercial banks and low-risk liquid assets, as required by its U.S. federal regulatory obligations.

 

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2026, the Terra Bank account was closed.

 

The Company’s current credit risk-grading framework comprises the following categories:

 

Category   Description   Basis of recognizing Expected
Credit Loss (“ECL”)
Low risk   The counterparty has a low risk of default and does not have any past-due amounts   12-month ECL
         
Doubtful   There have been significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition through information developed internally or external resources.   Lifetime ECL - not credit impaired
         
In default   There is evidence indicating the asset is credit impaired.   Lifetime ECL - credit impaired
         
Write-off   There is evidence indicating that the debtor is in severe financial difficulty and the Company has no realistic prospect of recovery.   Amount is written off
Digital Asset Concentration and Custody Risk

Digital Asset Concentration and Custody Risk

 

In addition, the Company may be exposed to risks associated with the custody, safeguarding and control of digital assets, including risks of loss, theft, cyberattack, private key compromise, unauthorized access, fraud, technological failure or the failure of third-party custodians or service providers. The Company uses three major US based custodians to custody its digital assets, with one of these custodians (which is also a related party) holding over 60% of total digital assets owned by the Company, with another one holding approximately 22% and the third one holding around 10%, which represents a significant concentration risk. The Company’s ability to access, transfer or recover digital assets may depend on the continued effectiveness of its internal controls, wallet management procedures and third-party custody arrangements. Any loss of access to private keys, failure of custody arrangements or breach of security could result in the loss of digital assets and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position and results of operations. A significant portion of the Company’s assets is concentrated in SOL, a digital asset subject to significant price volatility. The Company is also exposed to concentration risk with respect to the validators through which it stakes its SOL. As of June 30, 2026, approximately 90% of the Company’s total SOL holdings, was delegated for staking to a single validator operated by RockawayX Infra Ltd., a related party. Staking rewards earned through the RockawayX validator accounted for approximately 90% of the Company’s total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2026. Refer to Note 4 “Revenues, Deferred Revenues and Segments”, Note 9 “Digital Assets” and Note 16 “Related Parties” for additional information.

 

Certain digital assets may be determined by regulatory authorities to constitute securities or other regulated financial instruments. If any digital assets held or transacted by the Company are determined to be securities, the Company may become subject to additional regulatory requirements, restrictions, reporting obligations or enforcement risk. Depending on the nature and extent of the Company’s digital asset activities, such developments could also affect the Company’s status under applicable securities laws, including whether it may be required to register as an investment company or qualify for an exemption from such registration.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity Risk

 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity risk is to ensure, as much as possible, that it maintains sufficient cash, cash equivalents and other liquid assets, and has access to available funding sources, to meet its liabilities when due.

 

In managing liquidity risk, the Company monitors forecast and actual cash flows, expected cash requirements, available financing sources, and the liquidity characteristics of its assets, including any digital assets held by or on behalf of the Company. Digital assets may be subject to liquidity risk due to market volatility, limited trading volumes, exchange or platform disruptions, transfer restrictions, network congestion, regulatory developments, or other factors that may affect the Company’s ability to convert such assets into cash on a timely basis or at expected values.

 

The Company may also be exposed to liquidity risks related to assets held with custodians, exchanges, wallet providers or other third-party service providers, including risks relating to access, control, withdrawal limitations, platform suspensions, insolvency or operational failure of a service provider, or other restrictions that could delay or prevent the Company from accessing or liquidating assets when needed.

 

Certain digital assets may be subject to contractual, technological or protocol-based restrictions on use or transfer, including assets held in locked wallets, staking arrangements, vesting arrangements, escrow arrangements, smart contracts or other arrangements that may limit the Company’s ability to access, transfer, pledge, sell or otherwise use such assets to meet short-term liquidity needs. The Company considers such restrictions when assessing the availability of digital assets for liquidity management purposes.

Market Risk

Market Risk

 

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates, digital asset prices and other market variables, will affect the Company’s income or the value of its holdings of financial and non-financial assets.

 

The Company is exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of business, including interest rate risk and, to the extent the Company holds digital assets, price volatility risk associated with those digital assets. Digital asset markets have historically experienced significant price volatility and may be affected by changes in market demand, investor sentiment, technological developments, regulatory actions, exchange or platform disruptions, cybersecurity incidents, and broader macroeconomic conditions. A decline in the market value of digital assets held by the Company could adversely affect the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest Rate Risk

 

Interest rate risk is the risk that changes in market interest rates will affect the Company’s income, cash flows or the fair value of its financial instruments. The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to its interest-bearing borrowings and cash balances.

 

The Company’s borrowings are fixed-rate instruments and, therefore, changes in market interest rates do not affect the Company’s contractual interest payments or cash flows on those borrowings. However, changes in market interest rates may affect the fair value of fixed-rate borrowings. Given the nature and amount of the Company’s debt and interest-bearing assets, management believes that the Company’s exposure to interest rate risk is not material.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

 

The functional currencies of the Company and its subsidiaries are based on the primary economic environment in which each entity operates. The majority of the Company’s cash flows, financial assets and liabilities are denominated in U.S. dollars, euros and Macedonian denars. The Company’s presentation currency is U.S. dollars.

 

Currency risk is limited to the proportion of our business transactions denominated in currencies other than the dollars, primarily for capital expenditures, potential future debt, if any, and various operating expenses such as salaries and professional fees. We do not currently use derivative financial instruments to reduce our foreign exchange exposure and management does not believe our current exposure to currency risk to be significant.

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred Offering Costs

 

Deferred offering cost means any fees, commissions, costs, expenses, concessions and other amounts payable to any party, including, without limitation, brokers, underwriters, advisors (accounting, financial, legal and otherwise) and any consultants, in connection with the Company’s initial public offering of Class B Ordinary Shares (“Offering Shares”).

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Cost includes directly attributable expenditures and, where applicable, capitalized borrowing costs. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets from the date they are available for use: (i) office equipment: 5 years, (ii) furniture and fixtures: 5 years, (iii) motor vehicles: 10 years; (iv) leasehold improvements: 5 years; (v) other assets: 5 years.

 

Useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively where appropriate. Assets are derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected, with gains or losses recognized in the statements of profit or loss.

 

Property and equipment as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are reported under the line item other non-current assets in the statements of financial position.

 

Depreciation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 amounted to $3 and $2, respectively, which were included in general and administrative expenses. Impairment on property and equipment for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 amounted to $2 and $0, respectively, which were included in impairment of non-financial assets.

Impairment of Goodwill, Intangible Assets, and Other Non-Financial Assets

Impairment of Goodwill, Intangible Assets, and Other Non-Financial Assets

 

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized and are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the level of the cash-generating unit, or group of cash-generating units, expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill arose.

 

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether there are indicators that other non-financial assets, including property and equipment, right-of-use assets and finite-lived intangible assets, may be impaired. If any such indicator exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the individual asset or, where the asset does not generate independent cash inflows, the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

 

The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. Fair value less costs of disposal is determined based on available market information, recent transactions or valuation techniques, as applicable. Value in use is determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to be derived from the asset or cash-generating unit. For purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets.

 

An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when the carrying amount of an asset or cash-generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses recognized for goodwill are not reversed in subsequent periods. Impairment losses recognized for non-financial assets other than goodwill are reviewed at each reporting date for possible reversal when there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Any reversal is limited so that the revised carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, had no impairment loss been recognized in prior periods.

 

The Company performed its impairment assessments and determined that impairment losses were required to be recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2026. Details of impairment losses recognized are disclosed in Note 7 – Impairment of Non-Financial Assets.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

 

The Company accounts for share-based payment arrangements in accordance with IFRS 2, Share-based Payment. The Company may grant share options, share awards, restricted share units, warrants or other equity-based instruments to directors, officers, employees, consultants and other service providers.

 

Equity-settled share-based payment awards are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments granted at the grant date. The fair value of share options and warrants is estimated using an appropriate option-pricing model, such as the Black-Scholes model, considering, as applicable, the exercise price, expected volatility, expected term, expected dividends, risk-free interest rate and the market price of the Company’s shares at the grant date. The fair value of share awards is generally based on the market price of the Company’s shares at the grant date.

 

The fair value of equity-settled awards is recognized as share-based compensation expense over the applicable vesting period, with a corresponding increase in equity. Each vesting tranche is treated as a separate award with its own vesting period and grant date fair value. For awards that vest immediately, the full amount of the grant date fair value is recognized as expense on the grant date, unless the award is directly attributable to a qualifying capital transaction or asset acquisition, in which case the amount is capitalized in accordance with the applicable IFRS Accounting Standard.

 

 

The Company estimates the number of awards expected to vest based on service and non-market performance vesting conditions and revises those estimates at each reporting date. Compensation expense is adjusted prospectively for changes in the number of awards expected to vest. If an award does not vest because a service condition or non-market performance condition is not satisfied, any previously recognized expense is reversed. However, no reversal is made for awards that have vested, even if the vested awards are subsequently forfeited, expire unexercised or are not exercised.

 

The Company accounts for modifications, amendments, cancellations or settlements of share-based payment awards in accordance with IFRS 2. If the terms of an equity-settled award are modified and the modification increases the fair value of the award or is otherwise beneficial to the holder, the incremental fair value is recognized over the remaining vesting period or immediately if the award is fully vested. If a modification reduces the fair value of an award, the Company continues to recognize the original grant date fair value, subject to the original vesting conditions.

Revenues

Revenues

 

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and is recognized when, or as, control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer.

 

The Company’s revenue streams include commercial revenue from the operation of its professional sports teams, including sponsorship, advertising, brand promotion and other commercial arrangements; matchday and related event revenue, if applicable; player registration and transfer-related income, where applicable; and digital asset revenue, including SOL staking rewards.

 

Sponsorship, advertising, brand promotion and other commercial revenue is recognized when the related services are provided or over the term of the related agreement, depending on the nature of the performance obligations. Revenue settled through non-cash or in-kind consideration is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.

 

Matchday and event-related revenue, if applicable, is recognized when the relevant match or event takes place. Player registration and transfer-related income, where applicable, is recognized when the Company has satisfied its obligations under the relevant agreement and control of the player registration rights or related economic rights has transferred.

 

Staking rewards are generated from the Company’s participation in Solana network validation activities through delegation of SOL to validators. Staking rewards are recognized when the applicable network epoch has been completed, the reward has been confirmed by the Solana network and the Company obtains control of the rewards, which generally occurs when the rewards are credited or otherwise made available to the Company’s wallet or custodial account. Prior to confirmation, the amount of staking rewards, if any, is variable and subject to validator performance, network conditions, protocol rules and other factors outside the Company’s control.

 

Staking rewards are measured at the fair value of SOL received or receivable using observable market prices or other market-based reference rates as of the date the Company obtains the right to the reward.

 

A contract asset represents the Company’s right to consideration for goods or services transferred to a customer when that right is not yet unconditional and is assessed for impairment in accordance with IFRS 9. A receivable represents an unconditional right to consideration. A contract liability represents the Company’s obligation to transfer goods or services for which consideration has been received or is due from the customer. Contract assets and contract liabilities relating to the same contract are presented on a net basis.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

 

The Company determines its operating segment based on how its chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) manages the business, makes operating decisions, including the allocation of resources, and assesses operating performance. The Company’s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews the Company’s operating results on a consolidated basis as well as by business line for purposes of resource allocation and performance assessment.

 

The Company determined that it has two reportable segments:

 

● Digital Assets Treasury Segment

 

● Legacy Sports Portfolio

 

The Digital Asset Treasury segment includes the Company’s SOL treasury, staking, validator and related digital asset activities. The Legacy Sports Portfolio segment includes the Company’s historical professional sports team operations, including sponsorship, advertising, matchday and other sports-related commercial activities.

 

Our revenue has been disaggregated into categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The categories of the majority of our revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 are as follows:

 

    (Unaudited)  
    June 30,
2026
    June 30,
2025
 
Digital asset treasury   $ 3,091     $ -  
Legacy sports portfolio     19       302  
Total   $ 3,110     $ 302  
Leases

Leases

 

The Company applies IFRS 16 to all leases at inception or upon modification, unless the contract is reassessed due to changes in terms and conditions.

 

The Company applies the recognition exemptions for:

 

● Short-term leases (lease term of 12 months or less and no purchase option); and

 

● Leases of low-value assets

 

Payments for these leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

As of June 30, 2026, the Company only maintains short term leases with third-party lessors. No lease was accounted for under IFRS 16.

Taxation

Taxation

 

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

 

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit/(loss) before tax because of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

 

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. In addition, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill.

 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset is realized, based on tax rate (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

 

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied to the same taxable entity by the same taxation authority.

 

Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.

 

As of June 30, 2026, the Company did not recognize any deferred tax assets in respect of tax loss carryforwards and deductible temporary differences due to the uncertainty regarding the availability of future taxable profits against which such deferred tax assets could be utilized.

Goodwill

Goodwill

 

Goodwill is monitored by management at the level of each operating segment. The fair values of net tangible assets and intangible assets acquired are based upon preliminary valuations and the Company’s estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period (potentially up to one year from the acquisition date). Goodwill is measured as described in the Business Combinations section above. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

 

Player contracts, broadcasting rights, brands, and customer relationships were acquired as part of a business combination. They are recognized at their fair value at the date of acquisition and are subsequently amortized on a straight-line basis as follows:

 

Player contracts 2 years (FKAP)
Brands Indefinite
Broadcasting rights 5 years (FKAP)

 

The asset’s useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

 

The total amortization expense of intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 were $0 and $32, respectively.