Holders of class A shares are entitled to dividends as declared from time to time and are entitled to one vote per share at general meetings of the Company. The holder of class B shares is not entitled to dividends as declared from time to time and is entitled to twenty (20) vote per share at general meeting of the Company. The reverse share splits effected during 2026 were applicable solely to the Class A shares; the Class B shares were not subject to the reverse share splits and, accordingly, the number of Class B shares outstanding was not adjusted.

The foreign currency translation reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations.

Share-based compensation reserves represent the equity set aside for stock-based payments to employees, executives, and external consultants. These reserves arise when a company grants shares or stock options as part of its compensation strategy, recording them as an expense with a corresponding increase in equity. The primary purpose of share-based compensation reserves is to attract, retain, and incentivize key personnel while aligning their interests with the company’s long-term growth. Additionally, it helps preserve cash by offering equity instead of cash payments and serves as a performance-based reward system. Companies also use these reserves to compensate external consultants or advisors, supporting business development and strategic initiatives.

On August 4, 2026, the Company separately issued 304,879 Class A ordinary shares to another unaffiliated third-party advisor under a consulting agreement. Under the agreement, the advisor was engaged to provide strategic advisory, market research and business development services relating to the artificial intelligence, robotics and humanoid technology industries over a six-month period commencing on June 1, 2026.The advisor was engaged to provide strategic and business-development services relating to the artificial-intelligence and humanoid-robotics industries. The engagement was intended to support the Group’s evaluation and development of potential opportunities involving AI-enabled automation and robotics. The shares were granted in consideration for ongoing services to be rendered during the contractual service period and not for past services rendered.

The shares were issued for nominal cash consideration of US$1 and had an aggregate service value of US$300,000. The number of shares was determined using an issue price equal to 80% of the average closing price of Company’s Class A ordinary shares over the five trading days immediately preceding the issuance date. Based on the 304,879 shares issued, the implied issue price was approximately US$0.984 per share. The aggregate fair value of the shares issued on the grant date, based on the closing market price of $1.20 per share on August 4, 2026, was approximately $365,855.