v3.26.3
Operating expenses
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Expenses by nature [abstract]  
Operating expenses Operating expensesNote 19.1. Sales and marketing
(amounts in thousands of euros)
SALES AND MARKETING
FOR THE THREE
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2025
FOR THE THREE
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2026
FOR THE SIX
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2025
FOR THE SIX
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2026
Personnel costs
487
1,968
961
2,975
Consulting and professional fees
166
814
384
1,480
Other sales and marketing expenses
21
102
189
178
Sales & Marketing
674
2,885
1,534
4,633
The increase in sales and marketing personnel costs for the six-month period ended June 30, 2026 compared to June 30, 2025 was
predominantly driven by the increase in the Group's costs (including personnel costs) related to the preparation for potential future
sales and commercialization efforts of obefazimod in the U.S.
Similar factors have driven the increases for the three-month period ended June 30, 2026 compared to June 30, 2025.
Note 19.2. Research and development
Research and development expenses break down as follows:
(amounts in thousands of euros)
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
EXPENSES
FOR THE THREE
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2025
FOR THE THREE
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2026
FOR THE SIX
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2025
FOR THE SIX
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2026
Sub-contracting, studies and research
30,139
31,481
59,292
51,276
Personnel costs
5,940
19,679
11,309
44,074
Consulting and professional fees
1,867
5,578
5,848
9,604
Intellectual property fees
238
443
476
874
Other research and development expenses
461
1,154
1,021
2,049
Research and development expenses
38,645
58,335
77,946
107,878
The increase in research and development expenses for the six-month period ended June 30, 2026 compared to June 30, 2025 was
primarily due to increasing personnel costs, mainly due to expense recognized in relation to the accelerated vesting of certain of the
Group's former Chief Scientific Officer's AGAs in March 2026 (see Note 14) as well as the impact of share-based compensation
awards granted in 2025 and the related tax and social contributions. This increase was partly offset by a decrease in sub-contracting,
studies and research expenses related to the Group's UC program, attributable to decreased activity in the ABTECT clinical program
as a result of reaching major milestones in the Phase 3 clinical trials in 2025.
The increase in research and development expenses for the three-month period ended June 30, 2026 compared to June 30, 2025 was
primarily due to increasing personnel costs, as a result of the same factors described above.
Note 19.3. General and administrative 
(amounts in thousands of euros)
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES
FOR THE THREE
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2025
FOR THE THREE
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2026
FOR THE SIX
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2025
FOR THE SIX
MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2026
Personnel costs
5,488
17,461
10,547
19,101
Consulting and professional fees
1,768
4,829
3,703
8,173
Other general and administrative expenses
1,014
1,802
2,053
3,101
General and administrative expenses
8,270
24,092
16,303
30,376
The increase in general and administrative expenses for the six-month period ended June 30, 2026 compared to June 30, 2025 was
primarily due to an increase in personnel costs, mainly explained by to the impact of share-based compensation plans granted in 2025
and the related tax and social contributions (see Note 14), as well as an increase in consulting and professional fees, driven by
increased costs associated with building the Group's infrastructure to support future growth in its operations and other general and
administrative expenses.
Similar factors have driven the increase for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2026 compared to June 30, 2025.
The lesser amount of personnel costs over the three-month period ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three-month period ended
June 30, 2026 was primarily due to a decrease in AGAs employer tax and social contributions of (3,476) thousand, resulting
primarily from (i) the decrease in the Group's share price during the first quarter of 2026 and, to a lesser extent, (ii) forfeitures
following employee departures and changes in estimates regarding the achievement of vesting conditions (see Notes 14 and 17.3).