Exhibit 8.1
Subsidiaries
| Entity | Jurisdiction | Principal activity | ||
| Perpetual Markets Ltd. | Cyprus | Holding of investments and intellectual property; financial markets infrastructure and technology services | ||
| Perpetual Products AG | Switzerland | Technology and financial products | ||
| Perpetual Data AG | Switzerland | Financial information and index services | ||
| Kephas Corporation | United States | Technology and software development services | ||
| PM Broker Ltd. | Cyprus | Dormant | ||
| Perpetual IT GmbH | Germany | Information technology services, hosting and hardware infrastructure | ||
| USO Labs Ltd. | Marshall Islands | Joint management of UpsideOnly.com platform | ||
| USO Deposit Trust LLC | United States | Joint management of UpsideOnly.com platform | ||
| Barriers Trading Ltd. | Marshall Islands | Management of the Barriers platform |