<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:01a0b512-a647-780a-9770-47c0f86f7d18,g:014c5b19-0974-4d97-bf7a-d8bd8ab59b28-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:ke="http://www.kimballelectronics.com/20260918" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.kimballelectronics.com/20260918">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei-sub/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-sub-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd-sub/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-sub-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="ke-20260918_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="ke-20260918_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="ke-20260918_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
    </xs:appinfo>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:element id="ke_MrPhillipsMember" abstract="true" name="MrPhillipsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ke_MrCharronMember" abstract="true" name="MrCharronMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ke_PEO1Member" abstract="true" name="PEO1Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ke_TotalValueOfUnvestedAwardsGrantedDuringTheFiscalYearMember" abstract="true" name="TotalValueOfUnvestedAwardsGrantedDuringTheFiscalYearMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ke_TotalChangeInValueOfUnvestedAwardsGrantedInPriorFiscalYearsMember" abstract="true" name="TotalChangeInValueOfUnvestedAwardsGrantedInPriorFiscalYearsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ke_TotalChangeInValueFromPriorFiscalYearEndOfAwardsThatVestedDuringTheFiscalYearMember" abstract="true" name="TotalChangeInValueFromPriorFiscalYearEndOfAwardsThatVestedDuringTheFiscalYearMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
</xs:schema>
