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FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION
9 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2026
Foreign Currency [Abstract]  
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

Note 5 – FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

 

Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is the local currency are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated using weighted average exchange rates prevailing during the reporting period. Stockholders’ equity accounts are translated using historical exchange rates.

 

Translation adjustments resulting from the conversion of foreign subsidiaries’ financial statements into U.S. dollars are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity.

 

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in currencies other than an entity’s functional currency are included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

 

 

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2026 and October 31, 2025