<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:01a05dda-1061-7b8d-85fe-819a74a37857,g:f1f21054-3bbb-4978-977a-b7151dc02869-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:wmb="http://co.williams.com/20251231" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://co.williams.com/20251231">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/snj/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/snj/2025/snj-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo>
      <link:linkbase xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt">
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/ByGovernment" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#ByGovernment"/>
        <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/ByGovernment" xlink:type="extended">
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_country_AllCountriesDomain" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd#country_AllCountriesDomain"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_country_US" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd#country_US"/>
          <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_country_AllCountriesDomain" xlink:to="loc_country_US" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_rxp_AllGovernmentsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#rxp_AllGovernmentsMember"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember" xlink:href="wmb-20251231.xsd#wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember"/>
          <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_rxp_AllGovernmentsMember" xlink:to="loc_wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label"/>
        </link:presentationLink>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/ByProject" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#ByProject"/>
        <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/ByProject" xlink:type="extended">
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_rxp_AllProjectsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#rxp_AllProjectsMember"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_wmb_WyomingMember" xlink:href="wmb-20251231.xsd#wmb_WyomingMember"/>
          <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_rxp_AllProjectsMember" xlink:to="loc_wmb_WyomingMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label"/>
        </link:presentationLink>
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#all"/>
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#hypercube-dimension"/>
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-default"/>
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-domain"/>
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#domain-member"/>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/GovernmentsOnly" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#GovernmentsOnly"/>
        <link:definitionLink xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/GovernmentsOnly" xlink:type="extended">
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_rxp_AllGovernmentsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#rxp_AllGovernmentsMember"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember_01a05dda-1061-701b-88b3-28ee81b96464" xlink:href="wmb-20251231.xsd#wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_rxp_AllGovernmentsMember" xlink:to="loc_wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember_01a05dda-1061-701b-88b3-28ee81b96464" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
        </link:definitionLink>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/ProjectsOnly" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#ProjectsOnly"/>
        <link:definitionLink xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/ProjectsOnly" xlink:type="extended">
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_rxp_AllProjectsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#rxp_AllProjectsMember"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_wmb_WyomingMember_01a05dda-1061-7f03-9a6e-b237bb345b23" xlink:href="wmb-20251231.xsd#wmb_WyomingMember"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_rxp_AllProjectsMember" xlink:to="loc_wmb_WyomingMember_01a05dda-1061-7f03-9a6e-b237bb345b23" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
        </link:definitionLink>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/SegmentsOnly" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#SegmentsOnly"/>
        <link:definitionLink xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/SegmentsOnly" xlink:type="extended">
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_rxp_AllSegmentsMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#rxp_AllSegmentsMember"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_wmb_WestSegmentMember_01a05dda-1061-76cf-bf3b-0988add79b91" xlink:href="wmb-20251231.xsd#wmb_WestSegmentMember"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_rxp_AllSegmentsMember" xlink:to="loc_wmb_WestSegmentMember_01a05dda-1061-76cf-bf3b-0988add79b91" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
        </link:definitionLink>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/ResourcesOnly" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#ResourcesOnly"/>
        <link:definitionLink xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/role/ResourcesOnly" xlink:type="extended">
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_rxp_AllResourcesMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/rxp/2025/rxp-2025.xsd#rxp_AllResourcesMember"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_wmb_NaturalGasMember_01a05dda-1061-7012-b79d-e709900fd085" xlink:href="wmb-20251231.xsd#wmb_NaturalGasMember"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_rxp_AllResourcesMember" xlink:to="loc_wmb_NaturalGasMember_01a05dda-1061-7012-b79d-e709900fd085" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
        </link:definitionLink>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel"/>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel"/>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel"/>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel"/>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel"/>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel"/>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel"/>
        <link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
          <link:label id="lab_country_US_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_country_US" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">UNITED STATES</link:label>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_country_US" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd#country_US"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_country_US" xlink:to="lab_country_US" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
          <link:label id="lab_wmb_WyomingMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_wmb_WyomingMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Wyoming [Member]</link:label>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_wmb_WyomingMember" xlink:href="wmb-20251231.xsd#wmb_WyomingMember"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_wmb_WyomingMember" xlink:to="lab_wmb_WyomingMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
          <link:label id="lab_wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">U.S. Federal Government [Member]</link:label>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember" xlink:href="wmb-20251231.xsd#wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember" xlink:to="lab_wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
          <link:label id="lab_wmb_WestSegmentMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_wmb_WestSegmentMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">West Segment [Member]</link:label>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_wmb_WestSegmentMember" xlink:href="wmb-20251231.xsd#wmb_WestSegmentMember"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_wmb_WestSegmentMember" xlink:to="lab_wmb_WestSegmentMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
          <link:label id="lab_wmb_NaturalGasMember_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_wmb_NaturalGasMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Natural Gas [Member]</link:label>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_wmb_NaturalGasMember" xlink:href="wmb-20251231.xsd#wmb_NaturalGasMember"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_wmb_NaturalGasMember" xlink:to="lab_wmb_NaturalGasMember" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
        </link:labelLink>
      </link:linkbase>
    </xs:appinfo>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:element id="wmb_U.S.FederalGovernmentMember" abstract="true" name="U.S.FederalGovernmentMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="wmb_WyomingMember" abstract="true" name="WyomingMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="wmb_WestSegmentMember" abstract="true" name="WestSegmentMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="wmb_NaturalGasMember" abstract="true" name="NaturalGasMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
</xs:schema>
