10. Compensatory Equity Incentive Plan and Other Equity Incentives

Share-based payment arrangements — The Company’s directors, officers, and key employees were granted stock-based compensation under the Omnibus Plan, through October 2018 and after that date, the SICP. Such stock-based compensation may include, among other things, incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). The SICP is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. To date, our stockholders approved an aggregate of 13,715,625 shares of our Class A Common Stock for issuance pursuant to awards granted thereunder. As of June 30, 2026, 2,302,750 shares of Class A Common Stock were authorized and available for issuance pursuant to awards granted under the SICP. The Company’s executive officers are eligible to earn incentive compensation consisting of equity-based awards, as well as cash bonuses, based on the achievement of certain individual and/or Company performance goals set by the Compensation Committee.

The LightPath Technologies, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2014 ESPP”) was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors on October 30, 2014 and approved by the Company’s stockholders on January 29, 2015. The 2014 ESPP expired on January 29, 2025. A new Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2025 ESPP”) was approved by the stockholders on June 16, 2025 with the first offering period beginning July 1, 2025. The 2025 ESPP permits employees to purchase Class A Common Stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 15% of an employee’s compensation, at a price not less than 85% of the market value of the Class A Common Stock on specified dates ( June 30 and December 31). In no event can any participant purchase more than $25,000 worth of shares of Class A Common Stock in any calendar year and an employee cannot purchase more than 8,000 shares on any purchase date within an offering period of 12 months and 4,000 shares on any purchase date within an offering period of six months. This discount of approximately $2,500 and $400 for each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, is included in the selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), which represents the value of the discount given to the employees purchasing stock under the respective ESPP plans.

These plans are summarized below:

Grant Date Fair Values and Underlying Assumptions; Contractual Terms —The Company estimates the fair value of each equity option as of the date of grant, using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model. The fair value of the 2014 ESPP and 2025 ESPP shares is based on the amount of the discount the employee obtained at the date of the purchase transaction.

Most stock options granted vest ratably over two to four years and are generally exercisable for ten years. The assumed forfeiture rates used in calculating the fair value of RSU grants was 0%, and the assumed forfeiture rates used in calculating the fair value of options for performance and service conditions were 20% for each of the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. The volatility rate and expected term are based on seven-year historical trends in Class A Common Stock closing prices and actual forfeitures. The interest rate used is the U.S. Treasury interest rate for constant maturities.

The Company estimated the fair value of each stock award as of the date of grant using the following assumptions:

Restricted Stock Awards

RSAs are granted primarily to our executive officers, employees and consultants, and typically vest over a one to three year period from the date of grant, although some may vest immediately upon grant. The stock underlying RSAs is issued upon vesting.

Restricted Stock Units

RSUs are granted primarily to our directors, although RSU awards may also be made to executive officers, employees and consultants. RSUs typically vest over a one to four year period from the date of grant, although some may vest immediately upon grant.

The Company issues new shares of Class A Common Stock upon the exercise of stock options and upon vesting of RSUs and RSAs, unless the recipient has elected to defer receipt of shares under the applicable IRS rules.

Information Regarding Current Share-Based Payment Awards — A summary of the activity for share-based payment awards in the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 is presented below:

The intrinsic and fair values for share-based payment awards exercised and vested in the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 are presented below:

The intrinsic values of share-based payment awards outstanding and exercisable as of June 30, 2026 and 2025 are presented below:

As of June 30, 2026, there was approximately $20.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements, including share options and RSUs, granted under the Omnibus Plan, through October 2018 and after that date, the SICP. The expected compensation cost to be recognized is as follows:

There was no unrecognized compensation expense related to the Company’s 2014 ESPP, as all purchases were settled in January 2025. Unrecognized compensation expense related to the Company's 2025 ESPP was approximately $7,000 as of June 30, 2026.

Acceleration of Vesting — The Company does not generally accelerate the vesting of any stock options, RSUs or RSAs, however in the case of retirements, the Board of Directors may accelerate vesting, which would accelerate expense recognition.

Financial Statement Effects and Presentation — The following table shows total stock-based compensation expense for the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss):