9. Debt

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Credit Facilities

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In connection with the consummation of the Arcturus Acquisition on February 19, 2021, the Company, as borrower, and Arcturus, as guarantor, entered into a Credit Agreement with certain lenders, letter of credit issuers, Bank of America, N.A. (“BofA NA”), as the administrative agent and the swingline lender, and BofA Securities, Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“JPM”), and U.S. Bank National Association (“U.S. Bank”), as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners (the “Credit Agreement”).

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The Credit Agreement and its associated Security and Pledge Agreement set forth the terms and conditions for (i) a five-year $100,000,000 revolving credit facility, which included a $10,000,000 sublimit for the issuance of standby and commercial letters of credit (the “Revolving Facility”), and (ii) a five-year amortized $200,000,000 term A loan drawn in full upon execution (the “Term Loan Facility”, and together with the Revolving Facility, the “Credit Facilities”).

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On February 4, 2022, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Credit Agreement and Waiver relating to its existing Credit Agreement. On June 6, 2023, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to Credit Agreement relating to its existing credit Agreement which increased the sublimit from $10,000,000 to $25,000,000. On October 4, 2024, the Company entered into a Third Amendment to Credit Agreement with the existing lenders, BofA NA, the

administrative agent and the swingline lender, JPM, and U.S. Bank, and Citibank, N.A. (“Citibank”) (the “Third Amendment to Credit Agreement”). The Third Amendment to Credit Agreement provided for an aggregate $200,000,000 revolving credit facility, including a $25,000,000 sublimit for the issuance of standby and commercial letters of credit, and a $10,000,000 sublimit for swingline loans, secured by all assets of the Company and the Guarantors, and extends the maturity date for obligations pursuant to the Credit Agreement to October 4, 2029. Upon effectiveness of the Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, the Company drew $15,000,000 from the amended Revolving Facility and repaid in full all outstanding amounts owed pursuant to the $200,000,000 Term Loan Facility. The Third Amendment to Credit Agreement reflects the removal of the Term Loan Facility. The unamortized debt issuance costs allocated to the Term Loan Facility of $590,000 were expensed upon repayment of the Term Loan Facility and recorded in interest expense.

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On May 1, 2025, in connection with the consummation of the BlueHalo Acquisition, the Company entered into a Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement with the lenders, BofA NA, the administrative agent and the swingline lender, JPM, and U.S. Bank, and Citibank (the “Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement” and the existing Credit Agreement as amended by the First Amendment to Credit Agreement, the Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, Third Amendment to Credit Agreement and Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement, the “Amended Credit Agreement”). The Amended Credit Agreement now provides for an aggregate $700,000,000 term loan (the “Fourth Amendment Term Loan Facility”) and an aggregate $350,000,000 revolving credit facility, including a $25,000,000 sublimit for the issuance of standby and commercial letters of credit, and a $10,000,000 sublimit for swingline loans, secured by all assets of the Company and the Guarantors. Upon effectiveness of the Amended Credit Agreement, the Company drew $225,000,000 from the amended Revolving Facility and the full $700,000,000 of the Fourth Amendment Term Loan Facility. In June 2025, the Company drew an additional $10,000,000 under the Revolving Facility.

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In July 2025, the Company used approximately $965,303,000 of the net proceeds from the Convertible Notes Offering (as defined below) and Common Stock Offering (as defined below) to repay indebtedness under the Fourth Amendment Term Loan Facility and outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Facility. Refer to Note 9—Debt and Note 14—Share Issuances, respectively, for further details. The unamortized debt issuance costs allocated to the Fourth Amendment Term Loan Facility of $6,668,000 were expensed upon repayment of the Fourth Amendment Term Loan Facility and recorded as interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Revolver Facility remains open and available to the Company.

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The Company’s ability to borrow under the Revolving Facility is reduced by outstanding letters of credit, which as of August 1, 2026 and April 30, 2026 was $13,019,000 and $13,152,000, respectively. As of August 1, 2026 and April 30, 2026, approximately $336,981,000 and $336,848,000 was available under the Revolving Facility, respectively. The $700,000,000 Fourth Amendment Term Loan Facility has been repaid in full and closed; although new term loans can be renegotiated and issued under the Credit Facility. Borrowings under the Revolving Facility may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including acquisitions that meet certain parameters. As of August 1, 2026, the Company was in compliance with all amended covenants.

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Convertible Notes

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In July 2025, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Note Underwriting Agreement”) with certain underwriters (the “Note Underwriters”) agreeing, subject to customary conditions, to issue and sell $650,000,000 aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Notes”) to the Note Underwriters as well as an option, exercisable within 30 days after entering the Note Underwriting Agreement, to purchase up to an additional $97,500,000 aggregate principal amount of Notes solely to cover over-allotments (the “Convertible Notes Offering”). The Note Underwriters exercised such option to purchase an additional $97,500,000 aggregate principal amount of Notes. The issuance of $747,500,000 aggregate principal amount of Notes was completed in July 2025. The estimated fair value (Level 2) of the zero-coupon convertible note maturing on July 15, 2030 was $680,973,000 and $760,656,000 as of August 1, 2026 and April 30, 2026, respectively.

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The Notes were issued pursuant to, and are governed by, an indenture (the “Base Indenture”), dated as of July 3, 2025, between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented

by a first supplemental indenture (the “Supplemental Indenture,” and the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Supplemental Indenture, the “Indenture”), dated as of July 3, 2025, between the Company and the Trustee.

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The Notes are the Company’s senior, unsecured obligations and are (i) equal in right of payment with the Company’s existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness, including any borrowings under the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent the Company is not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries.

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The Notes do not bear regular interest, and the principal amount of the Notes will not accrete. Special interest will accrue on the Notes upon the occurrence of certain events relating to the Company's failure to file certain SEC reports as provided in the Indenture. The Notes will mature on July 15, 2030, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. Before April 15, 2030, noteholders have the right to convert their Notes only upon the occurrence of certain events. From and after April 15, 2030, noteholders may convert their Notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. The Company will have the right to elect to settle conversions either entirely in cash or in a combination of cash and shares of its common stock. Upon conversion of any Note, the consideration due upon conversion, which will be determined over an “Observation Period” (as defined in the Indenture) consisting of 60 consecutive trading days, will be paid in cash up to at least the principal amount of the Notes being converted and the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election, in respect of the remainder, if any, of the Company’s conversion obligation in excess of the principal amount of the Notes being converted. The initial conversion rate is 3.1017 shares of the Company's common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $322.40 per share of the Company's common stock. The conversion rate and conversion price will be subject to customary adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. In addition, if certain corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture) occur, then the conversion rate will, in certain circumstances, be increased for a specified period of time.

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The Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part (subject to certain limitations described below), at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after July 21, 2028 and on or before the 61st scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid special interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. However, the Company may not redeem less than all of the outstanding Notes unless at least $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes are outstanding and not called for redemption as of the time the Company sends the related redemption notice. In addition, calling any Note for redemption will constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change with respect to that Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption.

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If certain events that constitute a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture) occur, then, subject to a limited exception for certain cash mergers as provided in the Indenture, noteholders may require the Company to repurchase their Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid special interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The definition in the Indenture of Fundamental Change includes certain business combination transactions involving the Company and certain de-listing events with respect to the Company’s common stock.

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The Notes have customary provisions relating to the occurrence of “Events of Default” (as defined in the Indenture), which include the following: (i) certain payment defaults on the Notes (which, in the case of a default in the payment of special interest on the Notes, will be subject to a 30-day cure period); (ii) the Company’s failure to send certain notices under the Indenture within specified periods of time; (iii) the Company’s failure to convert a Note in accordance with the

Indenture within a specified period of time; (iv) the Company’s failure to comply with certain covenants in the Indenture relating to the Company’s ability to consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell, lease or otherwise transfer, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to another person; (v) a default by the Company in its other obligations or agreements under the Indenture or the Notes if such default is not cured or waived within 60 days after notice is given in accordance with the Indenture; (vi) certain defaults by the Company or any of its significant subsidiaries with respect to indebtedness for borrowed money of at least $55,000,000; and (vii) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency and reorganization involving the Company or any of its significant subsidiaries.

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If an Event of Default involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization events with respect to the Company (and not solely with respect to a significant subsidiary of the Company) occurs, then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Notes then outstanding will immediately become due and payable without any further action or notice by any person. If any other Event of Default occurs and is continuing, then, the Trustee, by notice to the Company, or noteholders of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of Notes then outstanding, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, all of the Notes then outstanding to become due and payable immediately. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may elect, at its option, that the sole remedy for an Event of Default relating to certain failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting covenants in the Indenture consists exclusively of the right of the noteholders to receive special interest on the Notes for up to 365 days, at a rate per annum equal to 0.25% of the principal amount of the Notes for the first 180 days on which special interest accrues and, thereafter, at a rate per annum equal to 0.50% of the principal amount thereof.

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Long-term debt and the current period interest rates were as follows:

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Future contractual long-term debt principal payments as of August 1, 2026 were as follows:

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