17. Fair value of financial instruments:

Fair values are based on management’s best estimates of market conditions and valuation policies at a certain point in time. The estimates are subjective and involve particular assumptions and judgement and, as such, may not be reflective of future fair values. The Bank’s credit assets and deposits lack an available market as they are not typically exchanged and, therefore, the book value of these instruments is not necessarily representative of amounts realizable upon immediate settlement. See note 21 of October 31, 2025, audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on fair values.