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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) as determined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and pursuant to the regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The Company believes the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal and recurring nature that are, in the opinion of the Company’s management, necessary for the fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods.
Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2026. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
Reclassifications
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified or changed to conform to the current-year presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on previously reported net loss.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Estimates are used in several areas including, but not limited to, end-user incentives, including Bonus Cash and Ticketz accruals, indirect tax liabilities, the fair value of non-marketable securities, and the impairment of long-lived assets. The Company bases these estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions
that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities. The actual results may materially differ from these estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue for its services in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). For additional information, see Note 3, “Revenue”.
Revenues from Entry Fees
The Company generates revenues through its competition-based Skillz segment by providing a service to game developers for monetization of their game content. The monetization service provided by Skillz allows developers to offer multi-player competition to their end-users for the purpose of end-user retention and engagement. Skillz provides developers with a software development kit (“SDK”) they can download and integrate with their existing games. The SDK serves as a data interface between Skillz and the game developers that enables Skillz to provide monetization services to the developer. In addition to services provided to game developers, Skillz develops, publishes, and operates its own first-party games on the platform. There have been no material changes from the revenue recognition accounting policies previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 except for the revenue recognition accounting policies related to our owned and operated games, which now represent a meaningful portion of platform activity.
Games provided by two developer partners accounted for 63% and 68% of the Company’s consolidated revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, with each developer partner accounting for at least 10% of the total.
Games provided by three developer partners accounted for 69% and 70% of the Company’s consolidated revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, with each developer partner accounting for at least 10% of the total.
End-User Incentive Programs
To drive traffic to its platform, the Company provides promotions and incentives to end-users in various forms. Evaluating whether a promotion or incentive is a payment to a customer may require significant judgment. Certain promotions and incentives, which are consideration payable to customers, are recognized as a reduction of revenue at the later of when revenue is recognized or when the Company pays or promises to pay the incentive. The Company recognized a reduction of revenue related to these end-user incentives of $3.2 million and $4.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, and $2.0 million and $4.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively.
Promotions and incentives recorded as sales and marketing expenses are recognized when we incur the related cost. The Company recognized sales and marketing expense related to end-user incentives of $5.9 million and $13.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, and $8.1 million and $17.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively.
From time to time, the Company issues credits or refunds to end-users who are dissatisfied with the level of service provided by the game developer. There is no contractual obligation for the Company to refund such end-users nor is there a valid expectation by game developers for the Company to issue such credits or refunds to end-users on their behalf. The Company accounts for credits or refunds, which are not recoverable from the game developer, as sales and marketing expenses when incurred.
Advertising Revenue
The Company offers a technology platform (i.e., demand-side platform, “DSP”) to source available advertising space from its network of vendors / suppliers (aka, advertising exchange partners / publishers), which uses a real-time auction process, to provide user acquisition and retargeting solutions for its customers. Revenue from advertising is recognized based on the number of impressions delivered on behalf of the customer as the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company considers itself the agent of its customer(s) based on the Company’s role in programmatically sourcing and placing advertisements on behalf of customers via a network of third-party publishers. The Company does not, at any time, take ownership of the advertising inventory being sourced and placed. Via the DSP, if the Company wins the auction and an impression is served, the customer’s advertisement is displayed on the publisher / supplier’s mobile application. There have been no material changes from the revenue recognition accounting policies previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.
For performance obligations related to advertising revenue, customers are typically extended 30 day payment terms from completion of each month’s insertion order and no advertising revenue customers accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
The Company recognizes an asset for incremental costs of obtaining a contract with the customer as long as management expects to recover these costs. Incremental costs are those that would have not been incurred if the contract did not exist. Examples of incremental costs often capitalized are sales commissions, whereas examples of costs that would not be included are internal employee salaries, standard benefits, travel costs, and other / general legal costs. Sales commissions are the only incremental contract costs the Company incurs and are paid based on collected revenue based on the recipient’s assigned accounts. As commissions are typically satisfied within one year after an executed contract, the Company applies the practical expedient to expense these costs as incurred.
Subscription Service Revenue
The Company offers a modern backend and live operations platform, which is purpose-built for scalable, live-service games. Revenue from subscription services is recognized over the term of the contract.
Maintenance Fee Revenue
When a player becomes inactive on the platform by not participating in a tournament for six consecutive months, the Company imposes a monthly maintenance fee. This fee is charged to the player and recognized as revenue by the Company beginning in the seventh month of inactivity.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue primarily consists of third-party payment processing fees, server costs, amortization of developed technology, personnel expenses, direct software costs, amortization of internal use software, hosting expenses, and allocation of shared facility and other costs.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, commercial paper, money market funds and U.S. government agency securities with maturities of three months or less when purchased.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities. Although the Company deposits its cash with multiple established financial institutions, the deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents. The Company limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer and monitors the financial condition of the financial institutions on a regular basis.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable, net, primarily consist of amounts recorded for programmatic media campaigns, net of an allowance for credit losses from our advertising revenue customers of our RZR segment. The allowance for credit losses is recorded as an offset to accounts receivable and changes in such are classified as general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company assesses collectability by reviewing accounts receivable on a collective basis where similar characteristics exist and on an individual basis when there are specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. In determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses, the Company considers historical collectability based on past due status and makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on ongoing credit evaluations. The Company also considers customer-specific information, current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions to inform adjustments to historical loss data.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets primarily consist of property and equipment with estimable useful lives subject to depreciation and amortization.
Investments
Investments
The Company considers all highly liquid interest-earning investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The fair values of these investments approximate their carrying values. In general, investments with original maturities of greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments. Investments with maturities beyond one year are classified as non-current marketable securities. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned.
Non-marketable equity securities are investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values. We have accounted for these investments using the measurement alternative. Under the measurement alternative, the equity investment is initially recorded as its allocated cost, but the carrying value may be adjusted through earnings upon an impairment or when there is an observable price change involving the same or a similar investment with the same issuer. The carrying value of the Company’s investments without readily determinable fair values was $52.8 million as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and are classified as non-marketable equity securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company did not record any other adjustments to the carrying value of its non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the measurement alternative and did not recognize any gains or losses related to the sale of non-marketable equity securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Advertising and Promotional Expense
Advertising and Promotional Expense
Advertising and promotional expenses are included in sales and marketing expenses within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and are expensed when incurred.
User Acquisition
User Acquisition
User acquisition (“UA”) marketing costs to acquire new paying users to the platform are included in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Indirect Tax Liabilities
Indirect Tax Liabilities
The Company is subject to indirect taxes such as sales and use tax in the United States and value-added tax in certain foreign jurisdictions, respectively. Indirect tax liabilities are adjusted considering changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax examination, further interpretation of existing tax law, or new tax law. The Company recognizes changes to its estimate if it is estimable and probable that its position would not be sustainable upon examination by tax authorities. Although management believes the Company’s recorded liabilities are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcomes of these matters will not be different from those which its liabilities are based on. To the extent that final tax outcomes of these matters are different than the amounts recorded, such differences could have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as the Company records related tax reserves as a reduction in revenue, and penalties and interest in general and administrative expenses.
401(k) Plan
401(k) Plan
The Company has a 401(k) Plan that qualifies as a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the 401(k) Plan, participating employees may defer a portion of their pretax earnings and receive a matching employer contribution of up to 3% of compensation not to exceed the maximum amount allowable.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Updates and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Updates
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires public entities to disclose specific tax rate reconciliation categories, as well as income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction, amongst other disclosure enhancements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis and retrospective application is permitted. The Company adopted this update in the fourth quarter of 2025 and has prospectively applied the disclosure requirement in its consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses,” which requires public entities to disclose disaggregated information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to their financial statements in both annual and interim filings. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the disclosure requirements related to this accounting standard update.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software,” which modernizes the recognition and disclosure framework for internal-use software costs, removing the previous “development stage” model and introduces a more judgment-based approach. ASU 2025-06 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in ASU 2025-06 can be early adopted and should be applied using either the prospective, modified, or retrospective transition approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.