THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 |
THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 |
Check box if the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans. |
Check box if any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan. |
Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto. |
Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act. |
Check box if this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act. |
when declared effective pursuant to section 8(c), or as follows: |
This [post-effective] amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed [post-effective amendment] [registration statement]. |
This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: . |
This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: . |
This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: . |
Registered Closed-End Fund (closed-end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”)). |
Business Development Company (closed-end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the 1940 Act). |
Interval Fund (Registered Closed-End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act). |
A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form). |
Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act). |
Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). |
☐ |
If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. |
New Registrant (registered or regulated under the 1940 Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing). |
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(1) |
Each class of the Fund’s Shares will generally be offered for purchase as of the first business day of each calendar month at a price per share equal to the NAV per share for such class, except that Shares may be offered more or less frequently as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. Franklin Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), an affiliate of the Manager, acts as principal underwriter for the Fund’s Shares and serves in that capacity on a reasonable best efforts basis, subject to various conditions. Class S Shares, Class D Shares, Class I Shares and Class M Shares are or will be continuously offered at a price per share equal to the NAV per share for such class. Each share class will initially be offered at $25.00 per share. Generally, the stated minimum investment by an investor in the Fund is $25,000 with respect to Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M Shares and $1,000,000 with respect to Class I Shares. The stated minimum investment for Class I Shares may be reduced for certain investors as described under “Purchasing Shares.” The minimum additional investment in the Fund is $10,000. The Fund may, in its sole discretion, accept investments below these minimums. Investors subscribing through a given broker/dealer |
| or registered investment adviser may have shares aggregated to meet these minimums, so long as initial investments are not less than $25,000 and incremental contributions are not less than $10,000. |
(2) |
No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S Shares, Class D Shares, Class I Shares or Class M Shares, however, if you buy Class S Shares, Class D Shares or Class M Shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that financial intermediaries limit such charges to a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class D Shares, a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class S Shares and a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class M Shares. Financial intermediaries will not charge such fees on Class I Shares. Your financial intermediary may impose additional charges when you purchase Shares of the Fund. Please consult your financial intermediary for additional information. |
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The Fund has no operating history. |
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Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, and it is not anticipated that a secondary market for Shares will develop. Shares are subject to limitations on transferability, and liquidity will be provided only through limited repurchase offers. Although the Fund may offer to repurchase Shares from time to time, Shares will not be redeemable at an investor’s option nor will they be exchangeable for shares of any other fund. As a result, an investor may not be able to sell or otherwise liquidate his or her Shares. The Manager intends to recommend that, in normal market circumstances, the Fund’s Board of Trustees conduct quarterly repurchase offers of no more than 2.5% of the Fund’s net assets. There can be no assurance that the Fund will conduct repurchase offers in a particular period. |
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An investment in the Fund may not be suitable for investors who may need the money they invested in a specified timeframe. |
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Shares are speculative and involve a high degree of risk, including the risks associated with leverage. See “Risks of Investing in Venture and Growth Assets” and “Other Investment Risks” below. |
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There is no assurance that the Fund will be able to enter into a credit line or that it will be able to timely repay any borrowings under such credit line, which may result in the Fund incurring leverage. See “Risks—The Fund may be subject to leverage risk.” |
| • | The Fund is subject to risks associated with investments in early-stage companies. Early-stage companies may have shorter operating histories and information available on which to judge future performance, which can make diligence and valuation difficult. Early-stage companies may never obtain necessary financing, may rely on untested business plans, may not be successful in developing markets for their products or services, and may remain an insignificant part of their industry, and as such may never be profitable. Stocks of early-stage companies may be less liquid, privately traded and more volatile and speculative than the securities of larger companies and may be subject to significant transfer restrictions, including issuer consent requirements and rights of first refusal that may prevent or delay a sale. |
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Shares are subject to substantial restrictions on transferability and resale and may not be transferred or resold except as permitted under the Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”). See “Transfer Restrictions” starting on page 137 of the Prospectus. |
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The amount of distributions that the Fund may pay, if any, is uncertain. |
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The Fund may pay distributions in significant part from sources that may not be available in the future and that are unrelated to the Fund’s performance, such as the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital, offering proceeds or from temporary waivers or expense reimbursements borne by the Manager or its affiliates that may be subject to reimbursement to the Manager or its affiliates. |
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A return of capital to Shareholders is a return of a portion of their original investment in the Fund, thereby reducing the tax basis of their investment. As a result of such reduction in tax basis, Shareholders may be subject to tax in connection with the sale of Shares, even if such Shares are sold at a loss relative to the Shareholder’s original investment. |
• |
The Fund invests in Venture and Growth Assets, including Portfolio Funds (as defined above). Portfolio Funds are subject to certain risks, including risks related to illiquidity, indirect fees, valuation, limited operating histories, and limited information regarding underlying investments. See “Risks of Investing in Venture and Growth Assets” and “Other Investment Risks” below. In connection with the Fund’s investments in Portfolio Funds, the Fund may hold a significant portion of its assets in cash and cash equivalents in support of unfunded commitments. |
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The Fund |
The Fund is a newly organized Delaware statutory trust that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. The Fund will sell its Shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) only to eligible investors that are “qualified clients” as defined in Rule 205-3 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). |
| The Manager has received an exemptive order from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that permits the Fund to offer multiple classes of Shares. The Fund will offer four separate classes of Shares designated as Class S, Class D, Class I and Class M Shares. Each class of Shares is subject to different fees and expenses. The Fund may offer additional classes of Shares in the future. |
The business operations of the Fund are managed and supervised under the direction of the Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”), subject to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Fund’s Declaration of Trust. The Board is comprised of eight trustees, a majority of whom are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund (“Independent Trustees”). |
| Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, and it is not anticipated that a secondary market for Shares will develop. Shares are subject to limitations on transferability, and liquidity will be provided only through limited repurchase offers. |
Investment Management |
Lexington Advisors LLC (“Lexington”) serves as a sub-adviser to the Fund and is responsible for making investment decisions for the Fund’s investments in Venture and Growth Assets. Lexington, a Delaware limited liability company, is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Advisers Act. Lexington Partners L.P. (“Lexington Partners”), a Delaware limited partnership that also is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Advisers Act, is the direct owner of Lexington. Each of Lexington and Lexington Partners is ultimately owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. |
| Franklin Advisers, Inc. (“FAV”) also serves as a sub-adviser to the Fund and is responsible for making investment decisions for the Fund’s investments in Liquid Assets and allocating assets between the Venture and Growth Asset portion of the portfolio and the Liquid Asset portion of the portfolio. FAV, a California corporation, is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Advisers Act. FAV is ultimately owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. |
The Manager performs administrative and management services necessary for the operation of the Fund, such as (1) supervising the |
Investment Objective and Strategy |
The Fund’s investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation. |
| In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund intends to make direct and indirect investments in companies that are primarily in their venture capital or growth stages of the investment cycle and are involved in the “innovation economy.” Companies that are in the “innovation economy” are those that either (i) develop or implement innovative products, services or innovations, (ii) develop or implement unprecedented approaches to improve existing products, services or innovations, or (iii) are involved in enabling, supporting or facilitating innovation, whether through distribution, financing, infrastructure, research or other means. Venture capital investments include: (i) early-stage investments in businesses that are still in the conceptual stage (i.e., start-up or seed), or where products, services or innovations may not be fully developed, and where revenues and/or profits may be several years away; and (ii) later-stage investments in more mature companies that typically are not yet profitable. Growth stage investments are strategically positioned between venture capital stages and a company’s IPO or other strategic exit or liquidity event. Companies in the growth stage can continue to undergo transformational periods of rapid growth and expansion but operate near or just-above break-even profitability. At this stage, companies may take on debt financing or buyout capital to support their ongoing corporate initiatives. Buyout investments involve the acquisition of, or investment in, companies that may be more established, in which the use of debt financing, or leverage, often is employed. To a lesser extent, the Fund also may invest in other phases of the private investment lifecycle. These assets collectively are referred to herein as “Venture and Growth Assets.” |
| The Fund expects to invest in Venture and Growth Assets by acquiring (i) secondary investments through purchases from existing investors, or where a material portion of the capital that is anticipated to be deployed by the Fund in connection with an investment (whether in one or a series of related transactions) is in identified assets, including in (a) the equity and/or debt of Venture and Growth Assets and (b) private funds, Holding Vehicles (as defined herein) or Other Investment Vehicles (as defined herein) (collectively, “Portfolio Funds”) managed by unaffiliated third-party managers (“Portfolio Fund Managers”) that invest in Venture and Growth Assets (collectively, “Secondary Investments”); (ii) primary direct investments through commitments to the issuer in the equity and/or debt of Venture and Growth Assets, including Co-Investments (as defined herein) (“Direct Investments”); and (iii) primary investments through commitments to the issuer in Portfolio Funds that invest in Venture and Growth Assets (“Primary Investments”). The Fund may also acquire exposure to Venture and Growth Assets in other forms, including direct and indirect investments in preferred equity, options, warrants, restricted stock, earnouts, royalties and other instruments. Venture and Growth Assets may also include investments in both private and publicly traded companies. |
| “Holding Vehicles” are special purpose entities, typically structured as limited partnerships, limited liability companies, or similar entities that are formed for the purpose of holding one or more specific portfolio company investments. |
| “Other Investment Vehicles” include, but are not limited to, continuation funds, co-investment vehicles, feeder funds, parallel funds, blocker corporations, and other pooled or special purpose structures to hold, manage, or facilitate investments. |
“Co-Investments” are investments primarily alongside transaction sponsors in the same class of equity or debt securities or other instruments as such transaction sponsors (including but not limited to common stock, preferred stock and warrants) and other investments alongside transaction sponsors. |
| The objective of the Liquid Assets portfolio is to help the Fund remain substantially invested in Venture and Growth Assets while meeting liquidity requirements and maintaining sufficient liquidity to meet the Fund’s anticipated cash needs and limiting the amount of liquid assets held in excess of those needs. The portfolio will seek to generate incremental return with prudent risk management to mitigate the performance impact of maintaining liquid assets (commonly referred to as “cash drag”). For these purposes, “excess liquidity” generally refers to liquid assets held in excess of the amounts that FAV believes are reasonably necessary to address current or anticipated short-term timing differences between sources and uses of cash. FAV will prioritize highly liquid and low-cost instruments, including the use of cash equitization strategies, to gain interest rate, credit and/or equity markets exposure subject to risk considerations. FAV intends to actively monitor and manage all sources and uses of liquidity to meet objectives. This process entails continuous cash flow planning and coordination with Lexington regarding current and expected cash inflows and outflows. |
To manage cash flows and income, and subject to the Fund’s obligation to satisfy periodic repurchase offers, the Fund may allocate a portion of its assets to privately placed debt securities and other yield-oriented invest me nts, including without limitation Rule 144A securities, syndicated and other floating rate senior secured loans issued in private placements by U.S. and foreign corporations, |
partnerships and other business entities, privately placed bank loans, restricted securities, and other securities and instruments issued in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. The Fund may invest in investment grade and below investment grade fixed-income securities (commonly known as “high yield” or “junk” bonds). The Fund may invest in these investments directly or indirectly through investment vehicles, including but not limited to affiliated or unaffiliated mutual funds and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”). |
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in Venture and Growth Assets. The Fund intends to count the value of any money market funds, cash, other cash equivalents or U.S. Treasury securities with remaining maturities of one year or less that cover unfunded commitments to invest equity in Portfolio Funds or special purpose vehicles controlled by unaffiliated general partners that will acquire a Venture and Growth Asset, in each case that the Fund reasonably expects to be called in the future, as qualifying Venture and Growth Assets for purposes of its 80% policy. The Manager will consider, for purposes of determining compliance with the Fund’s 80% policy, the investment policies and/or principal investment strategies of the Portfolio Funds and ETFs in which the Fund may, from time to time, invest. The Manager will count any Portfolio Fund and ETF that is comprised of a majority of Venture and Growth Assets toward satisfaction of the Fund’s 80% policy. The Fund determines whether an asset qualifies as a Venture and Growth Asset based on information available at the time of investment. The Fund’s investments in derivative instruments and other investments that provide exposure to the investment focus indicated in the Fund’s 80% policy, or that provide exposure to one or more market risk factors associated with the investment focus indicated in the Fund’s name, are included in the Fund’s 80% basket. |
This 80% policy is not fundamental and may be changed by the Fund’s Board upon 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders, provided that the Fund provides such notice in advance of a tender offer and such tender offer is not oversubscribed. The Fund must review its portfolio investments at least quarterly. If, subsequent to an investment, the Fund identifies that the requirements to its 80% policy are no longer met, the Fund will make future investments in a manner that will bring it into compliance with its 80% policy as soon as reasonably practicable. |
| The Fund may have exposure to companies and funds that are organized or headquartered or have substantial sales or operations outside of the United States, its territories, and possessions, including, but not limited to, emerging market countries. The Fund defines emerging market countries generally to include every nation in the world except developed countries, that is, the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and most countries located in Western Europe. Depending on market conditions and the views of Lexington and FAV, the Fund may seek to hedge all or a portion of its currency exposures and foreign currency risk. |
| Lexington and FAV will manage the Fund’s asset allocation and investment decisions with a view towards managing liquidity and maintaining a high level of investment in Venture and Growth Assets. The Fund’s asset allocation and amount of Venture and Growth Assets may be based, in part, on anticipated future capital calls and distributions from such investments. This may result in the Fund making commitments to Venture and Growth Assets in an aggregate amount that exceeds the total amounts invested by Shareholders in the Fund at the time of such commitment (i.e., to “over-commit”). FAV may also take other anticipated cash flows into account, such as those relating to new subscriptions into the Fund, the repurchase of Shares through periodic tenders by Shareholders and any distributions made to Shareholders. To forecast portfolio cash flows, FAV will utilize quantitative and qualitative factors, including historical private equity data, actual portfolio observations and forecasts provided by Lexington. |
| The Fund is permitted to borrow money or issue debt securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets in accordance with the 1940 Act. The Fund may establish one or more credit lines to borrow money for a range of purposes, including to provide liquidity for capital calls by Portfolio Funds, to satisfy tender requests, to manage timing issues in connection with the inflows of additional capital and the acquisition of Fund investments, to otherwise satisfy Fund obligations or for investment purposes. There is no assurance, however, that the Fund will be able to enter into a credit line or that it will be able to timely repay any borrowings under such credit line, which may result in the Fund incurring leverage on its portfolio investments from time to time. The Fund’s use of leverage may increase or decrease from time to time in its discretion and the Fund may, in the future, determine not to use leverage. See “Risks— The Fund may be subject to leverage risk |
| The Fund may make investments directly or indirectly through one or more wholly-owned subsidiaries (each, a “Subsidiary” and collectively, the “Subsidiaries”). The Fund may form a Subsidiary in order to pursue its investment objective and strategies in a potentially tax-efficient manner or for the purpose of facilitating its use of permitted borrowings. Except as otherwise provided, references to the Fund’s investments also will refer to any Subsidiary’s investments. |
| There can be no assurance that the Fund’s investment objective will be achieved or that the Fund’s investment program will be successful. |
Principal Risk Factors |
Investment in the Fund is suitable only for those persons who, either alone or together with their duly designated representative, have such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that they are capable of evaluating the merits and risks of their proposed investment, who can afford to bear the economic risk of their investment, who are able to withstand a total loss of their investment and who have no need for liquidity in their investment and no need to dispose of their Shares to satisfy current financial needs and contingencies or existing or contemplated undertakings or indebtedness. Investors should consult with their own financial, legal, investment and tax advisors prior to investing in the Fund. |
| The following are certain principal risk factors that relate to the operations and terms of the Fund. These considerations should be carefully evaluated before determining whether to invest in the Fund. See “Risks” for a complete description of the principal risk factors of the Fund. The Fund’s investment program is speculative and entails substantial risks. The following risks may be directly applicable to the Fund or may be indirectly applicable through the Fund’s investments in Venture and Growth Assets. In considering participation in the Fund, prospective investors should be aware of certain principal risk factors, including the following: |
Risks of Investing in Venture and Growth Assets |
Risks of Private Assets Strategies |
Less information may be available with respect to private company investments and such investments offer limited liquidity |
Private asset investments are subject to general market risks start-ups or in an early stage of development, may be distressed or have operating losses or significant variations in operating results and may be engaged in a rapidly changing business with products subject to a substantial risk |
of obsolescence. The portfolio companies may also include companies that are experiencing, or are expected to experience, financial difficulties which may never be overcome. In addition, they may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, to finance expansion or to maintain their competitive position, or may otherwise have a weak financial condition. Portfolio companies may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing and other capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel. |
The Fund may be subject to risks associated with venture capital and growth equity. build-up or operating turnaround strategy. |
| Venture capital funds typically seek to monitor the performance of investments in operating companies either through interaction with the board of directors of the applicable company and/or by maintaining an ongoing dialogue with the company’s management team. However, such funds generally are not in a position to control any borrower by investing in its debt securities and a company’s management will be primarily responsible for the operations of the company on a day-to-day |
The Fund may be subject to risks associated with Technology Industry concentration. |
To the extent that the Fund’s portfolio is concentrated in securities of a single issuer or issuers in a single sector, the risk of any investment decision is increased. Having a larger percentage of assets in a smaller number of issuers makes a non-diversified fund, like the Fund, more susceptible to the risk that one single event or occurrence can have a significant adverse impact upon the Fund. By concentrating the Fund’s investments in the information technology group of industries, the Fund’s performance will be more closely impacted by the performance of a particular market segment than if the Fund was not concentrated in the information technology group of industries. The Fund’s concentration in these investments may present more risks than if it were more broadly diversified over numerous industries and sectors of the economy. A broad downturn in investments tied to this group of industries would have a larger impact on the Fund than on a fund that does not concentrate in such investments. The investment risks associated with investing in the information technology group of industries include: the intense competition to which information technology companies may be subject; the dramatic and often unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for qualified personnel among information technology companies; effects on profitability from being heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights and the loss or impairment of those rights; obsolescence of existing technology or competition from more innovative technology; general economic conditions; and government regulation. At times, the performance of investments in the information technology group of industries may lag the performance of investments in other industries or the broader market as a whole. |
| The Fund may invest in a Portfolio Fund that concentrates its investments in specific industry sectors. This focus may constrain the liquidity and the number of portfolio companies available for investment by a Portfolio Fund. In addition, the investments of such a Portfolio Fund will be disproportionately exposed to the risks associated with the industry sectors of concentration. |
The Fund and the Venture Growth Assets are subject to risks associated with artificial intelligence . |
steps taken by these companies to protect their proprietary rights will be adequate to prevent the misappropriation of their technology or that competitors will not independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to such companies’ technology. Such companies may engage in significant amounts of spending on research and development, and there is no guarantee that the products or services produced by these companies will be successful. |
The Fund and the Venture Growth Assets are subject to risks associated with a c oncentration of i nvestments in s oftware i ndustries. |
The Fund is subject to risks related to l aws and r egulations g overning the i nternet. |
The Fund is subject to risks associated with investments in early-stage companies |
The Fund is subject to risks associated with investments in medium- and late-stage companies |
The day-to-day day-to-day |
Competition for Access to Private Asset Investment Opportunities |
| In addition, certain provisions of the 1940 Act prohibit the Fund from engaging in transactions with the Manager, Lexington, FAV and their affiliates; however, unregistered funds also managed by the Manager, Lexington and/or FAV are not prohibited from the same transactions. The 1940 Act also imposes significant limits on aggregated transactions with affiliates of the Fund. Affiliates of the Fund have received a Section 17(d) Order from the SEC that permits the Fund, among other things, to invest in aggregated transactions alongside certain other persons, including certain affiliates of Lexington, FAV and certain funds managed and controlled by Lexington or FAV and their affiliates, subject to certain terms and conditions (the “Section 17(d) Order”). |
| The Manager, Lexington and FAV will not cause the Fund to engage in investments alongside affiliates in private placement securities that involve the negotiation of certain terms of the private placement securities to be purchased (other than price-related terms), except in reliance on the Section 17(d) Order or unless such investments otherwise qualify for another 1940 Act exemption or are entered into in accordance with interpretations of Section 17(d) and Rule 17d-1 as expressed in SEC no-action letters or other available guidance. |
Under the terms of the Section 17(d) Order, a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of the Fund’s independent trustees have approved the policies and procedures of the Fund that are reasonably designed to ensure compliance with the terms of the Section 17(d) Order and have reviewed the allocation policy and other co-investment policies of the Lexington and FAV. The exemptive order is subject to certain terms and conditions so there can be no assurance that the Fund will be permitted to invest in aggregated transactions alongside certain of the affiliated funds other than in the circumstances currently permitted by regulatory guidance and the exemptive order. For example, in certain instances, the Fund’s ability to participate in such negotiated joint transactions alongside affiliated funds will require the “required majority” of the Fund’s independent trustees to reach certain conclusions in connection with investments alongside affiliates in private placement securities that involve the negotiation of certain terms of the private placement securities to be purchased (other than price-related terms), including that (1) the terms of the proposed transaction are reasonable and fair to the Fund and its Shareholders and do not involve overreaching of the Fund or its Shareholders on the part of any person concerned and (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of the Shareholders. The Section 17(d) Order is subject to certain terms and conditions so there can be no assurance that the Fund will be permitted to invest in aggregated transactions alongside certain of the Fund’s affiliates other than in the circumstances currently permitted by regulatory guidance and the Section 17(d) Order. Lexington’s investment allocation policies and procedures can be revised by Lexington at any time without notice to, or consent from, the Shareholders. Additionally, FAV’s investment allocation policies and procedures can be revised by FAV at any time without notice to, or consent from, the Shareholders. |
The Fund is subject to the risks of its Portfolio Funds and Holding Vehicles. |
| Portfolio Fund interests are ordinarily valued based upon valuations provided by the Portfolio Fund Manager, which may be received on a delayed basis. Certain securities in which the Portfolio Funds invest may not have a readily ascertainable market price and are fair valued by the Portfolio Fund Managers. Lexington has procedures with respect to the assessment and review of the valuation procedures used by each Portfolio Fund Manager and for reviewing the financial information provided by the Portfolio Funds. However, neither Lexington, the Manager nor the Board is able to confirm the accuracy of valuations provided by Portfolio Fund Managers. |
The Fund will pay asset-based fees, and, in most cases, will be subject to performance-based fees in respect of its interests in Portfolio Funds and Holding Vehicles. Such fees and performance-based compensation are in addition to the Management Fee. In addition, performance-based fees charged by Portfolio Fund Managers or Holding Vehicle sponsor or manager may create incentives for the Portfolio Fund Managers or Holding Vehicle sponsors or managers to make risky investments, and may be payable by the Fund to a Portfolio Fund Manager or Holding Vehicle sponsor or manager based on a Portfolio Fund or Holding Vehicle’s positive returns even if the Fund’s overall returns are negative. Moreover, a Shareholder in the Fund will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the Portfolio Funds or Holding Vehicles, in addition to its proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund. |
The Fund is subject to risks associated with Portfolio Funds with less established sponsors. |
The Fund is subject to the risks associated with its Portfolio Funds’ underlying investments. |
investment made by a Portfolio Fund will largely depend on the ability and success of the management of the portfolio companies in addition to economic and market factors. |
The Fund may have limited opportunities to invest in Secondary Investments LP-led secondary investment). In such instances, it is generally not expected that the Fund will have the opportunity to negotiate the terms of the interests being acquired, other than the purchase price, or other special rights or privileges. The Fund also may invest in Secondary Investments through GP-led transactions (such as continuation funds, tender offers, strip sales, and spin-outs). There is no assurance that the Fund will be able to purchase interests at attractive discounts to net asset value, or at all. The overall performance of the Fund will depend in large part on the acquisition price paid by the Fund for its investments in Secondary Investments, the structure of such acquisitions and the overall success of the Secondary Investment. |
The valuations of Portfolio Funds in which the Fund invests may be based on imperfect information and is subject to inherent uncertainties |
Regulatory Changes may adversely affect private asset funds |
| The regulatory environment for private investment funds is evolving, and changes in the regulation of private investment funds may adversely affect the value of investments held by the Fund and the ability of the Fund to effectively employ its investment and trading strategies. Increased scrutiny and newly proposed legislation applicable to private investment funds and their sponsors may also impose significant administrative burdens on the Manager, Lexington or FAV and may divert time and attention from portfolio management activities. In addition, and in particular in light of the changing global regulatory climate, the Fund may be required to register under certain foreign laws and regulations, and need to engage distributors or other agents in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions in order to market Shares to potential investors. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Fund (due to its investments in Portfolio Funds) could be substantial and adverse. In addition, the securities and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. The SEC, other regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The regulation of derivatives transactions and funds that engage in such transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. |
| U.S. presidential and congressional elections, and other recent elections, create uncertainty with respect to legal, tax and regulatory regimes in which the Fund and its investments, as well as the Manager, Lexington and their affiliates, will operate, and the current regulatory environment in the United States may be impacted by future legislative developments that may adversely affect the private equity industry, including regulatory measures for the U.S. financial services industry, increases in tax rates and/or other changes to tax policies. Any significant changes in, among other things, economic policy (including with respect to interest rates or foreign trade), the regulation of the asset management industry, tax law, immigration policy and/or government entitlement programs could have a material adverse impact on the Fund and its investments, and the uncertainty of future legislation could adversely impact the Fund and its ability to achieve its investment objectives. |
The Portfolio Funds are subject to risks regarding regulatory approvals |
In-kind distributions from Portfolio Funds may not be liquidin-kind distributions of securities from Portfolio Funds. There can be no assurance that securities distributed in kind by Portfolio Funds to the Fund will be readily marketable or saleable. The Fund may be required to, or the Manager, Lexington or FAV, in their sole investment discretion, may determine to, hold such securities for an indefinite period. Timing of sales is subject to position size considerations, market liquidity, and other factors considered in the sole investment discretion of the Manager, Lexington or FAV. The Fund may incur additional expense in connection with any disposition of such securities. |
The Fund’s Co-Investments may be subject to risks associated with the lead investorCo-Investments, which are indirect investments in the equity of private companies, alongside private equity funds and other private equity firms via special purpose vehicles. The Fund’s ability to realize a profit on such Co-Investments will be particularly reliant on the expertise of the lead investor in the transaction. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be given Co-Investment opportunities, or that any specific Co-Investment offered to the Fund would be appropriate or attractive to the Fund in Lexington’s judgment. The market for Co-Investment opportunities is competitive and may be limited, and the Co-Investment opportunities to which the Fund wishes to allocate assets may not be available at any given time. Due diligence will be conducted on Co-Investment opportunities; however, Lexington may not have the ability to conduct the same level of due diligence applied to other investments. In addition, Lexington may have little to no opportunities to negotiate the terms of such Co-Investments. The Fund generally will rely on the Portfolio Fund Manager or sponsor offering such Co-Investment opportunity to perform most of the due diligence on the relevant portfolio company and to negotiate terms of the Co-Investment. |
The Fund may have limited investment opportunities able to pursue attractive investment opportunities from time to time. |
The Fund will be subject to additional risks associated with different investments, including its investments in Liquid Assets. For information about those risks, see “Other Investment Risks” and “Other Risks” under the “Risks” section starting on page 56 of the Prospectus. |
General Risks of Investing in the Fund |
The Fund and the Venture and Growth Assets are subject to general investment risks |
The Fund and the Venture and Growth Assets are subject to risks associated with the use of financial projections. |
The Fund will rely on third-party sponsors. |
The Fund and the Venture and Growth Assets are subject to risks associated with inflation. |
The Fund and the Venture and Growth Assets are subject to risks associated with general economic and market conditions. |
outside the U.S.), such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in applicable laws and regulations (including laws relating to the taxation of the Fund’s investments), trade barriers, currency exchange controls, continued technology disruption, tax reform or other significant policy changes as well as national and international political, environmental, and socioeconomic circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts, security operations or public health considerations) in respect of the countries in which the Fund may invest. These factors may affect the level and volatility of securities prices and the liquidity of the Venture and Growth Assets, which could impair the Fund’s profitability or result in losses. In addition, general fluctuations in the market prices of securities and interest rates may affect the Fund’s investment opportunities and the value of the Venture and Growth Assets. |
The Fund has no operating history non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. The Fund does not have any historical financial statements or other meaningful operating or financial data on which potential investors may evaluate the Fund and its performance. |
The Fund is subject to conflicts of interest |
The Board may change the Fund’s investment objective and strategies without Shareholder approval |
The Fund is actively managed and subject to management risk |
making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired results. The Fund may be subject to a relatively high level of management risk because the Fund invests in Venture and Growth Assets. The Fund’s allocation of its investments across Venture and Growth Assets and other portfolio investments representing various strategies, geographic regions, asset classes and sectors may vary significantly over time based on Lexington’s analysis and judgment. It is possible that the Fund will focus on an investment that performs poorly or underperforms other investments under various market conditions. |
The Fund’s performance will depend on Lexington, FAV and key personnel |
The Fund’s strategy involves investments in “undervalued” assets. |
Lexington’s due diligence process may entail evaluation of important and complex issues and may require outside consultants. |
process and/or the ongoing operation of the Fund’s investments to varying degrees depending on the type of investment. Such involvement of third-party advisors or consultants presents a number of risks, including that Lexington has reduced control of the functions that are outsourced. In addition, if Lexington is unable to timely engage third-party providers, the Fund’s ability to evaluate and acquire more complex targets could be adversely affected. When conducting due diligence and making an assessment regarding an investment in an underlying fund, Lexington will rely on the resources available to it, including information provided by the target of the investment and, in some circumstances, third-party investigations. Representations made by a counterparty could be inaccurate, and the third-party investigations may not uncover risks. The due diligence investigation that Lexington carries out with respect to any investment opportunity may not reveal or highlight all relevant facts that are necessary or helpful in evaluating such investment opportunity. Moreover, such an investigation will not necessarily result in the investment being successful. Conduct occurring at the funds and operating companies in which the Fund invests, even activities that occurred prior to the Fund’s investment therein, could have an adverse impact on the Fund. non-public confidential information, there is a possibility that certain trading restrictions would apply to Lexington and its affiliates, which may affect the Fund’s ability to transact. |
Secondary investments are highly illiquid and typically subject to significant transfer restrictions . |
The Fund will generally hold non-controlling interests in its Portfolio Funds or Co-Investments. non-controlling interests in its Portfolio Funds or Co-Investments. The Fund may have a limited ability to protect its position in such Portfolio Funds or Co-Investments (other than by exercise of those rights afforded to limited partners). The Fund may make investments with other third parties through acquisition vehicles, joint ventures, or other entities. The Fund may co-invest with third parties through consortiums of private equity investors, joint ventures or other entities. Such investments may involve risks in connection with such third-party involvement, including the possibility that a third-party co-venturer may have financial, legal, or regulatory difficulties, resulting in a negative impact on such investment, may have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with those of the Fund, or may be in a position to take (or block) action in a manner contrary to the Fund’s investment objectives. In addition, the Fund may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of its third-party co-venturers. |
The Fund has a broad investment mandate. |
Investments in the Fund will be primarily illiquid closed-end fund, should be considered illiquid. The Shares are appropriate only for investors who are comfortable with investment in less liquid or illiquid portfolio investments within an illiquid fund. Unlike open-end funds (commonly known as mutual funds), which generally permit redemptions on a daily basis, the Shares will not be redeemable at a Shareholder’s option. Unlike stocks of listed closed-end funds, the Shares are not listed, and are not expected to be listed, for trading on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for the Shares in the foreseeable future. |
There can be no assurance that the Fund will conduct repurchase offers in a particular period. |
| It is possible that the Fund may be unable to repurchase all of the Shares that a Shareholder tenders due to the illiquidity of the Fund’s investments or if the Shareholders request the Fund to repurchase more Shares than the Fund is then offering to repurchase. In addition, substantial requests for the Fund to repurchase Shares could require the Fund to liquidate certain of its investments more rapidly than otherwise desirable in order to raise cash to fund the repurchases and achieve a market position appropriately reflecting a smaller asset base. This could have a material adverse effect on the value of the Shares. |
There will be a substantial period of time between the date as of which Shareholders must submit a request to have their Shares |
repurchased and the date they can expect to receive payment for their Shares from the Fund. Shareholders whose Shares are accepted for repurchase bear the risk that the Fund’s net asset value may fluctuate significantly between the time that they submit their repurchase requests and the date as of which such Shares are valued for purposes of such repurchase. Shareholders will have to decide whether to request that the Fund repurchase their Shares without the benefit of having current information regarding the value of Shares on a date proximate to the date on which Shares are valued by the Fund for purposes of effecting such repurchases. See “Repurchase of Shares.” |
The Fund will have access to confidential information |
Shares are not freely transferable |
The Fund is classified as non-diversified for purposes of the 1940 Act“non-diversified” investment company for purposes of the 1940 Act, which means it is not subject to percentage limitations under the 1940 Act on assets that may be invested in the securities of any one issuer. Having a larger percentage of assets in a smaller number of issuers makes a non-diversified fund, like the Fund, more susceptible to the risk that one single event or occurrence can have a significant adverse impact upon the Fund. |
The Fund’s investments may be difficult to value |
| A substantial portion of the Fund’s assets are expected to consist of Venture and Growth Assets for which there are no readily available market quotations. The information available in the marketplace for such companies, their securities and the status of their businesses and financial conditions is often extremely limited, outdated and difficult to confirm. Such securities are valued by the Fund at fair value as determined pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board. |
| The value at which the Fund’s investments can be liquidated may differ, sometimes significantly, from the valuations assigned by the Fund. In addition, the timing of liquidations may also affect the values obtained on liquidation. The Fund will invest a significant amount of its assets in Venture and Growth Assets for which no public market exists. There can be no guarantee that the Fund’s investments could ultimately be realized at the Fund’s valuation of such investments. |
The Fund’s net asset value is a critical component in several operational matters including computation of the Management Fee, the Incentive Fee and the Distribution and Servicing Fee, and determination of the price at which the Shares will be offered and at which a repurchase offer will be made. Consequently, variance in the valuation of the Fund’s investments will impact, positively or negatively, the fees and expenses Shareholders will pay, the price a Shareholder will receive in connection with a repurchase offer and the number of Shares an investor will receive upon investing in the Fund. |
The Fund cannot guarantee the amount or frequency of distributions year-to-year |
Additional subscriptions will dilute the voting interest of existing Shareholders. |
The Fund and certain service providers may have access to Shareholders’ personal information. sub-delegates and certain third parties in any country in which such person conducts business. Subject to applicable law, |
Shareholders may have rights in respect of their personal data, including a right to access and rectification of their personal data and may in some circumstances have a right to object to the processing of their personal data. |
Lexington and its affiliates manage funds and accounts with similar strategies and objectives to the Fund. |
The Fund may be subject to leverage risk. |
Stressed and distressed investments. |
The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal of or interest on its portfolio holdings. In any investment opportunity involving any such type, there exists the risk that the contemplated transaction either will be unsuccessful, will take considerable time or will result in a distribution of cash or new securities, the value of which may be less than the purchase price paid by the Fund for the securities or other financial instruments in respect of which such distribution is received. Similarly, if an anticipated transaction does not in fact occur, the Fund may be required to sell its investment at a loss. The consummation of such transactions can be prevented or delayed by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to: (i) intervention of a regulatory agency; (ii) market conditions resulting in material changes in securities prices; (iii) compliance with any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or securities laws; and/or (iv) the inability to obtain adequate financing. Because there is substantial uncertainty concerning the outcome of transactions involving financially troubled |
companies in which the Fund invests, there is a potential risk of loss by the Fund of its entire investment in such companies. |
The Fund may be subject to risks associated with below investment grade securities. |
| Lower grade securities, though often high yielding, are characterized by high risk. They may be subject to certain risks with respect to the issuing entity and to greater market fluctuations than certain lower yielding, higher rated securities. The secondary market for lower grade securities may be less liquid than that for higher rated securities. Adverse conditions could make it difficult at times for the Fund to sell certain securities or could result in lower prices than those used in calculating the Fund’s net asset value. Because of the substantial risks associated with investments in lower grade securities, you could lose money on your investment in the Fund, both in the short-term and the long-term. |
| The prices of fixed-income securities generally are inversely related to interest rate changes; however, below investment grade securities historically have been somewhat less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher quality securities of comparable maturity because credit quality is also a significant factor in the valuation of lower grade securities. On the other hand, an increased rate environment results in increased borrowing costs generally, which may impair the credit quality of low-grade issuers and thus have a more significant effect on the value of some lower grade securities. In addition, the current low rate environment has expanded the historic universe of buyers of lower grade securities as traditional investment grade oriented investors have been forced to accept more risk in order to maintain income. As rates rise, these recent entrants to the low-grade securities market may exit the market and reduce demand for lower grade securities, potentially resulting in greater price volatility. |
| The ratings of Moody’s, S&P, Fitch and other rating agencies represent their opinions as to the quality of the obligations which they undertake to rate. Ratings are relative and subjective and, although ratings may be useful in evaluating the safety of interest and principal payments, they do not evaluate the market value risk of such obligations. Although these ratings may be an initial criterion for selection of portfolio investments, the Manager, Lexington and/or FAV also will independently evaluate these securities and the ability of the issuers of such securities to pay interest and principal. To the extent that the Fund invests in lower grade securities that have not been rated by a rating agency, the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective will be more dependent on the Manager’s, Lexington’s and/or FAV’s credit analysis than would be the case when the Fund invests in rated securities. |
| The Fund may invest in securities rated in the lower rating categories (rated as low as D, or unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Manager, Lexington and/or FAV). For these securities, the risks associated with below investment grade instruments are more pronounced. |
The Fund may invest in emerging markets, which are subject to additional risks. |
Foreign investment in certain emerging market countries may be restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude foreign investment in certain |
emerging market issuers and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. |
| Emerging markets are more likely to experience hyperinflation and currency devaluations, which adversely affect returns to U.S. investors. In addition, many emerging markets have far lower trading volumes and less liquidity than developed markets. Since these markets are often small, they may be more likely to suffer sharp and frequent price changes or long-term price depression because of adverse publicity, investor perceptions or the actions of a few large investors. In addition, traditional measures of investment value used in the United States, such as price to earnings ratios, may not apply to certain small markets. Also, there may be less publicly available information about issuers in emerging markets than would be available about issuers in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those to which U.S. companies are subject. In certain countries with emerging capital markets, reporting standards vary widely. |
| Many emerging markets have histories of political instability and abrupt changes in policies and these countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries. As a result, their governments are more likely to take actions that are hostile or detrimental to private enterprise or foreign investment than those of more developed countries, including expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments. In the past, governments of such nations have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and most claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that such expropriations will not reoccur. In such an event, it is possible that the Fund could lose the entire value of its investments in the affected market. Some countries have pervasiveness of corruption and crime that may hinder investments. Certain emerging markets may also face other significant internal or external risks, including the risk of war, and ethnic, religious and racial conflicts. In addition, governments in many emerging market countries participate to a significant degree in their economies and securities markets, which may impair investment and economic growth. National policies that may limit the Fund’s investment opportunities include restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests. In such a dynamic environment, there can be no assurances that any or all of these capital markets will continue to present viable investment opportunities for the Fund. |
Emerging markets may also have differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial |
restrictions or other foreign or U.S. Governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments. Sometimes, they may lack or be in the relatively early development of legal structures governing private and foreign investments and private property. In addition to withholding taxes on investment income, some countries with emerging markets may impose differential capital gains taxes on foreign investors. |
| Practices in relation to settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because the Fund will need to use brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being completely lost. |
| The Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such registration problems and may have no successful claim for compensation. In addition, communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates. |
The Fund may be subject to risks related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. |
To the extent unhedged, the value of the Fund’s positions in non-U.S. investments will fluctuate with U.S. dollar exchange rates as well as with the price changes of the investments in the various local markets and currencies. In such cases, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar compared to the other currencies in which the Fund makes investments will reduce the effect of any increases and magnify the effect of any decreases in the prices of the Fund’s securities in their |
local markets and may result in a loss to the Fund. Conversely, a decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar will have the opposite effect on the Fund’s non-U.S. dollar investments. |
Each prospective investor should consult with its own counsel and advisors as to all legal, tax, financial, and related matters concerning an investment in the Shares. |
Distributor |
Franklin Distributors, LLC, an affiliate of the Manager, Lexington and FAV, acts as distributor for the Fund’s Shares (the “Distributor”) and serves in that capacity on a reasonable best efforts basis, subject to various conditions. |
| The Distributor may retain additional selling agents or other financial intermediaries to place Shares in the Fund. Such selling agents or other financial intermediaries may impose terms and conditions on Shareholder accounts and investments in the Fund that are in addition to the terms and conditions set forth in this Prospectus. |
Share Classes; Minimum Investments |
The Fund offers four separate classes of Shares designated as Class S, Class D, Class I and Class M Shares. Each class of Shares has differing characteristics, particularly in terms of the sales charges that Shareholders in that class may bear, and the Distribution and Servicing Fee (as defined herein) that each class may be charged. |
| The minimum initial investment in the Fund by any investor is $25,000 with respect to Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M Shares, and $1,000,000 with respect to Class I Shares. The minimum additional investment in the Fund by any investor is $10,000, except for additional purchases pursuant to the dividend reinvestment plan. Investors subscribing through a given broker/dealer or registered investment adviser may have shares aggregated to meet these minimums, so long as initial investments are not less than $25,000 and incremental contributions are not less than $10,000. |
| The stated minimum investment for Class I Shares may be reduced for certain investors as described under “Purchasing Shares.” In addition, the Board reserves the right to accept lesser amounts below these minimums for Trustees of the Fund and employees of Franklin Resources, Inc. and its affiliates (“Franklin Templeton”) and vehicles controlled by such employees. |
| Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, and it is not anticipated that a secondary market for Shares will develop. Shares are subject to limitations on transferability, and liquidity will be provided only through limited repurchase offers. |
The minimum initial and additional investments may be reduced by either the Fund or the Distributor in the discretion of each for certain investors based on consideration of various factors, including the investor’s overall relationship with the Manager, Lexington, FAV or the Distributor, the investor’s holdings in other funds affiliated with the Manager, Lexington, FAV or the Distributor, and such other matters as the Manager or the Distributor may consider relevant at the time, though Shares will only be sold to investors that satisfy the |
Fund’s eligibility requirements. The minimum initial and additional investments may also be reduced by either the Fund or the Distributor in the discretion of each for clients of certain registered investment advisers and other financial intermediaries based on consideration of various factors, including the registered investment adviser or other financial intermediary’s overall relationship with the Manager, Lexington, FAV or the Distributor, the type of distribution channels offered by the intermediary and such other factors as the Manager or the Distributor may consider relevant at the time. |
| In addition, the Fund may, in the discretion of the Manager or Distributor, aggregate the accounts of clients of registered investment advisers and other financial intermediaries whose clients invest in the Fund for purposes of determining satisfaction of minimum investment amounts. At the discretion of the Manager or the Distributor, the Fund may also aggregate the accounts of clients of certain registered investment advisers and other financial intermediaries across Share classes for purposes of determining satisfaction of minimum investment amounts for a specific Share class. The aggregation of accounts of clients of registered investment advisers and other financial intermediaries for purposes of determining satisfaction of minimum investment amounts for the Fund or for a specific Share class may be based on consideration of various factors, including the registered investment adviser or other financial intermediary’s overall relationship with the Manager, Lexington, FAV or the Distributor, the type of distribution channels offered by the intermediary and such other factors as the Manager or the Distributor may consider relevant at the time. |
Eligible Investors |
Although the Shares are registered under the Securities Act, each prospective investor in the Fund will be required to certify that it is a “qualified client” within the meaning of Rule 205-3 under the Advisers Act. |
| The qualifications required to invest in the Fund will appear in subscription documents that must be completed by each prospective investor. |
| Each prospective investor in the Fund should obtain the advice of his, her or its own legal, accounting, tax and other advisers in reviewing documents pertaining to an investment in the Fund, including, but not limited to, this Prospectus, the SAI and the Declaration of Trust before deciding to invest in the Fund. |
Purchasing Shares |
The Fund expects to commence its continuous public offering on the first business day of the month following the inception date of the Fund. |
| Shares will generally be offered for purchase as of the first business day of each calendar month at a price per share equal to the NAV per share for such class, except that Shares may be offered more or less frequently as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. Fractions of Shares will be issued to one one-hundredth of a Share. |
Although no upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S Shares, Class D Shares, Class I Shares or Class M Shares, if you buy |
Class S Shares, Class D Shares or Class M Shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that financial intermediaries limit such charges to a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class D Shares, a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class S Shares and a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class M Shares. |
| Subscriptions are generally subject to the receipt of cleared funds on or prior to the acceptance date set by the Fund and notified to prospective investors. An investor who misses the acceptance date will have the effectiveness of his, her or its investment in the Fund delayed until the following month. |
Prior to a purchase date, funds received from prospective investors will be placed in an account with Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, the Fund’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”). On the purchase date, the balance in the account with respect to each investor whose investment is accepted will be invested in the Fund on behalf of such investor. Prospective investors whose subscriptions to purchase Shares are accepted by the Fund will become Shareholders by being admitted as Shareholders. |
| A prospective investor must submit a completed subscription document on or prior to the acceptance date set by the Fund and notified to prospective investors. An existing Shareholder generally may subscribe for additional Shares by completing an additional subscription agreement by the acceptance date and funding such amount by the deadline. The Fund reserves the right to accept or reject, in its sole discretion, any request to purchase Shares at any time. The Fund also reserves the right to suspend or terminate offerings of Shares at any time. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, any amount received in advance of a purchase ultimately rejected by the Fund will be returned promptly to the prospective investor without the deduction of any fees or expenses. |
| Prospective investors who purchase Shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase Shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Prospective investors purchasing shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read this Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. |
Distributions |
Because the Fund intends to qualify annually as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund intends to make distributions to Shareholders on an annual basis in aggregate amounts representing at least 90% of the Fund’s “investment company taxable income” (as defined below in “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—Election to be Taxed as a Regulated Investment Company”), if any, earned during the year. Distributions may also include net capital gains, if any. Each year, a statement on Internal |
Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form 1099-DIV identifying the amount and U.S. federal income tax character of the Fund’s distributions will be provided to Shareholders. See “Taxes; RIC Status” below and “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.” |
| Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that the Fund will make distributions to Shareholders at any particular rate, or that the Fund will make distributions at all. The Fund may finance its cash distributions to Shareholders from any sources of funds available to the Fund, including offering proceeds, borrowings, net investment income from operations, capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets (including fund investments), non-capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets (including fund investments), dividends or other distributions paid to the Fund on account of preferred and common equity investments by the Fund in Portfolio Funds and/or Direct Investments and expense reimbursements from the Manager. The Fund has not established limits on the amount of funds the Fund may use from available sources to make distributions. The repayment of any amounts owed to the Manager or its affiliates will reduce future distributions to which you would otherwise be entitled. |
| Unless a Shareholder otherwise elects, all distributions of dividends (including capital gain dividends) with respect to a class of Shares will be automatically reinvested by the Fund in additional Shares of the corresponding class, which will be issued at the net asset value (“NAV”) per Share determined as of the ex-dividend date. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan” below. |
Dividend Reinvestment Plan |
The Fund will operate under a dividend reinvestment plan (the “DRIP”) administered by Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (“Ultimus”). Pursuant to the DRIP, the Fund’s income dividends or capital gains or other distributions, net of any applicable U.S. federal withholding tax, are reinvested in the same class of Shares of the Fund. |
Shareholders automatically participate in the DRIP, unless and until an election is made to withdraw from the DRIP on behalf of such participating Shareholder. A Shareholder who does not wish to have distributions automatically reinvested may terminate participation in the DRIP at any time by written instructions to that effect to Ultimus. Shareholders who elect not to participate in the DRIP will receive all distributions in cash paid to the Shareholder of record (or, if the Shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to such nominee). Such written instructions must be received by Ultimus 30 days prior to the record date of the distribution or the Shareholder will receive such distribution in Shares through the DRIP. Under the DRIP, the Fund’s distributions to Shareholders are reinvested in full and fractional Shares. |
No Redemption; Restrictions on Transfer |
No Shareholder will have the right to require the Fund to redeem Shares. With very limited exceptions, Shares are not transferable, and liquidity for investments in Shares may be provided only through periodic offers by the Fund to repurchase Shares from Shareholders. See “Repurchase of Shares.” |
Repurchase of Shares |
To provide a limited degree of liquidity to Shareholders, at the sole discretion of the Manager and subject to the Board’s approval, the Fund may from time to time offer to repurchase Shares pursuant to written tenders by Shareholders. |
The Manager anticipates recommending to the Board that, under normal market circumstances, the Fund conduct repurchase offers of no more than 2.5% of the Fund’s net assets on a quarterly basis. The Manager currently expects to recommend to the Board that the Fund conducts its first repurchase offer following the second full quarter of Fund operations (or such earlier or later date as the Board may determine). |
| Any repurchases of Shares will be made at such times and on such terms as may be determined by the Board from time to time in its sole discretion. In determining whether the Fund should offer to repurchase Shares from Shareholders of the Fund pursuant to repurchase requests, the Board may consider, among other things, the recommendation of the Manager as well as a variety of other operational, business and economic factors. The Fund may repurchase less than the full amount that Shareholders request to be repurchased. |
| Under certain circumstances, the Board may offer to repurchase Shares at a discount to their prevailing net asset value. The Board may under certain circumstances elect to postpone, suspend or terminate an offer to repurchase Shares. |
| A Shareholder who tenders some but not all of its Shares for repurchase will be required to maintain a minimum account balance of $10,000. Such minimum ownership requirement may be waived by the Board, in its sole discretion. If such requirement is not waived by the Board, the Fund may redeem all of the Shareholder’s Shares. To the extent a Shareholder seeks to tender all of the Shares they own and the Fund repurchases less than the full amount of Shares that the Shareholder requests to have repurchased, the Shareholder may maintain a balance of Shares of less than $10,000 following such Share repurchase. |
A 2.00% early repurchase fee will be charged by the Fund with respect to any repurchase of Shares from a Shareholder at any time prior to the day immediately preceding the one-year anniversary of the Shareholder’s purchase of the Shares. Shares tendered for repurchase will be treated as having been repurchased on a “first in-first out” basis. An early repurchase fee payable by a Shareholder may be waived by the Fund in circumstances where the Board determines that doing so is in the best interests of the Fund. The early repurchase fee will not apply to Shares acquired through dividend reinvestment, and the Fund may waive the early repurchase fee in its sole discretion under certain circumstances: (i) with respect to repurchase requests submitted by discretionary model portfolio management programs (and similar arrangements); (ii) with respect to repurchase requests from feeder funds (or similar vehicles) primarily created to hold Shares, which are offered to non-U.S. persons, where such funds seek to avoid imposing such a deduction because of administrative or systems limitations; |
(iii) pursuant to an asset allocation program, wrap fee program or other investment program offered by a financial institution where investment decisions are made on a discretionary basis by investment professionals; and (iv) pursuant to an automatic non-discretionary rebalancing program. To the extent the Fund determines to waive, impose scheduled variations of, or eliminate an early repurchase fee, it will do so consistently with the requirements of Rule 22d-1 under the 1940 Act, and the Fund’s waiver of, scheduled variation in, or elimination of, the early repurchase fee will apply uniformly to all Shareholders regardless of Share class. See “Repurchase of Shares.” |
Fees and Expenses |
The Fund will bear its own operating expenses (including, without limitation, its ongoing offering expenses). A more detailed discussion of the Fund’s expenses can be found below under “Management Fee,” “Incentive Fee,” “Administrator” and “Distribution and Servicing Fee.” |
| The Fund will bear certain of its organizational and initial offering costs in connection with this offering. The Fund’s initial offering costs, whether borne by the Manager or the Fund, are being capitalized and amortized over the 12-month period beginning on the inception date. The Fund’s organizational costs are expensed as incurred. |
Management Fee |
In consideration of the advisory services provided by the Manager, the Fund pays the Manager a quarterly management fee at an annual rate of 1.50% based on the value of the Fund’s net assets calculated and accrued monthly as of the last business day of each month (the “Management Fee”). |
| Lexington receives an annual sub-advisory fee, payable quarterly, from the Manager. FAV receives an annual sub-advisory fee, payable quarterly, from the Manager. |
| For purposes of determining the Management Fee payable to the Manager, the value of the Fund’s net assets will be calculated prior to the inclusion of the Management Fee and Incentive Fee, if any, payable to the Manager or to any purchases or repurchases of Shares of the Fund or any distributions by the Fund. The Management Fee will be payable in arrears within 5 business days after the completion of the net asset value computation for the quarter. The Management Fee is paid to the Manager out of the Fund’s assets, and therefore decreases the net profits or increases the net losses of the Fund. |
| The services of all investment professionals and staff of the Manager, when and to the extent engaged in providing investment advisory and management services, and the compensation and routine overhead expenses of such personnel allocable to such services, are provided and paid for by the Manager. The Fund bears all other costs and expenses of its operations and transactions as set forth in its Investment Management Agreement with the Manager (the “Investment Management Agreement”). |
Incentive Fee |
At the end of each calendar quarter, the Manager will be entitled to receive an Incentive Fee equal to 15.0% of the excess, if any, of |
(i) the Net Profits (as defined below) of the Fund for the relevant period over (ii) the then balance, if any, of the Loss Recovery Account (as defined below). |
Specifically, the Manager will be entitled to receive an Incentive Fee in an amount equal to 15.0% of the amount that the Net Profits for the applicable period exceeds the Loss Recovery Account (any such excess, “Excess Profits”). |
| “ Net Profits ” shall mean the amount by which (i) the sum of (A) the net asset value of the Fund as of the end of such quarter, (B) the aggregate repurchase price of all shares repurchased by the Fund during such quarter and (C) the amount of dividends and other distributions paid in respect of the Fund during such quarter and not reinvested in additional shares through the DRIP exceeds (ii) the sum of (X) the net asset value of the Fund as of the beginning of such quarter and (Y) the aggregate issue price of shares of the Fund issued during such quarter (excluding any shares of such class issued in connection with the reinvestment through the DRIP of dividends paid, or other distributions made, by the Fund through the DRIP). |
| “ Loss Recovery Account ” means a memorandum account maintained by the Fund, which will have an initial balance of zero and will be (i) increased upon the close of each calendar quarter of the Fund by the amount of the net losses of the Fund for the quarter, before giving effect to any repurchases or distributions for such quarter, and (ii) decreased (but not below zero) upon the close of each calendar quarter by the amount of the net profits of the Fund for the quarter. For purposes of the Loss Recovery Account, the term “net losses” shall mean the amount by which (i) the sum of (A) the net asset value of the Fund as of the beginning of such quarter and (B) the aggregate issue price of shares of the Fund issued during such quarter (excluding any Shares of such class issued in connection with the reinvestment of dividends paid, or other distributions made, by the Fund through the DRIP) exceeds (ii) the sum of (X) the net asset value of the Fund as of the end of such quarter, (Y) the aggregate repurchase price of all shares repurchased by the Fund during such quarter and (Z) the amount of dividends and other distributions paid in respect of the Fund during such quarter and not reinvested in additional shares through the DRIP. Shareholders will benefit from the Loss Recovery Account in proportion to their holdings of Shares. For purposes of the “net losses” calculation, the net asset value shall include unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments and realized income and gains or losses and expenses (including offering and organizational expenses). Incentive Fees are accrued monthly and paid quarterly. For purposes of calculating Incentive Fees, such accruals are not deducted from net asset value. |
| The Manager will pay all of any Incentive Fee to Lexington. See “Investment Management Arrangements—Incentive Fee.” |
| For the avoidance of doubt, any change in the net asset value of the Fund directly as a result of subscriptions or repurchases during each measurement period are not included for purposes of the “net profits” or “net losses” calculations. Shareholders of the Fund will benefit from the Loss Recovery Account in proportion to their holdings of Shares, although such benefit may vary depending on when a Shareholder purchases or redeems Shares and the balance in the Loss Recovery Account at such time. |
| The Manager does not return to the Fund amounts paid to it on net profits that the Fund has not yet received in cash if such amounts are not ultimately received by the Fund in cash. If the Fund does not ultimately receive amounts in cash, a loss would be recognized, which would increase the amount of the Loss Recovery Account and reduce future Incentive Fee payments. |
Any Incentive Fee payable by the Fund that relates to an increase in value of the Fund’s investments may be computed and paid on gain or income that is unrealized, and the Manager is not obligated to reimburse the Fund for any part of an Incentive Fee it previously received. If a Fund investment with an unrealized gain subsequently decreases in value, it is possible that such unrealized gain previously included in the calculation of an Incentive Fee will never become realized. This risk is heightened because the Fund expects to invest substantially in private, illiquid, or difficult-to-value assets for which valuations may be inherently uncertain and may be subject to significant revision before realization. Unlike funds that invest primarily in liquid, publicly-traded securities where gains and losses are more readily realized and market-tested, the Fund’s investments may remain unrealized for extended periods, and the valuations upon which Incentive Fees were calculated may be revised downward, written off, or never realized. Accordingly, Incentive Fees paid in prior periods may exceed the amounts that would have been payable if calculated solely on realized gains or measured at a later date. Thus, the Fund could have paid an Incentive Fee on income or gain the Fund never received. |
Distribution and Servicing Fee |
Class S, Class D and Class M Shares are subject to an ongoing distribution and shareholder servicing fee (the “Distribution and Servicing Fee”) to compensate financial industry professionals for distribution-related expenses, if applicable, and providing ongoing services in respect of Shareholders who own Class S, Class D Shares and Class M Shares of the Fund. Under the terms of the SEC exemptive relief that the Fund relies on to offer multiple classes of Shares, the Fund is subject to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. Accordingly, the Fund has adopted a distribution and servicing plan for its Class S Shares and Class D Shares (the “Distribution and Servicing Plan”) and pays the Distribution and Servicing Fee with respect to its Class S and Class D Shares. The Distribution and Servicing Plan operates in a manner consistent with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. |
Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M Shares pay a Distribution and Servicing Fee to the Distributor at an annual rate of 0.85%, 0.25% and 0.50%, respectively, based on the aggregate net assets of the Fund attributable to such class. |
| Class I Shares are not subject to a Distribution and Servicing Fee. |
Other Payments |
Investors who commit to purchase Shares of the Fund during the period beginning September 8, 2026 and continuing until the earlier of (i) September 30, 2026 or (ii) the last day o n which the aggregate amount of subscriptions for Shares of the Fund since September 8, 2026 equals $250 million (the “Offering Limit”) (the “Offering Period”) will receive additional Shares equal to 2% of the amount of their investment in the Fund during the Offering Period (the “Additional Shares”). Such Additional Shares will have the same rights as other Shares of the same Share class. If any Shares purchased by an investor are submitted for repurchase by the Fund within two years of the initial purchase date, any Additional Shares received by the investor will be forfeited and transferred automatically to the Manager by the Transfer Agent. Payments for any Additional Shares will be made from the assets of the Manager and/or its affiliates (and not the Fund). As a result, neither the investor nor the Fund will use its own assets to purchase these Additional Shares. The Manager may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act in connection with the purchase of such Additional Shares. The Manager, in its sole discretion, may terminate the program at any time. |
The availability of Additional Shares during the Offering Period may create an incentive for investors to contribute additional amounts to the Fund. Because the Manager’s management fee is based on a percentage of the value of the Fund’s net assets, these Shares purchased for investors by the Manager and/or its affiliates will result in increased net revenue to the Manager if the increase in fee income due to the increased asset base offsets the costs associated with contributing the proceeds to purchase these Additional Shares. Investors who receive Additional Shares paid for by the Manager or its affiliates will effectively have a lower aggregate purchase price for their investment in the Fund. This may affect the return expectations of such investors and their overall investment economics and tax burden. For financial advice relating to an investment in the Shares, including an investment during the Offering Period, contact your own investment professional. |
Expense Limitation Agreement |
Pursuant to an expense limitation agreement (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”) with the Fund, the Manager has agreed to waive fees that it would otherwise be paid, and/or to assume expenses of the Fund, if required to ensure certain annual operating expenses (excluding the Management Fee, Incentive Fee, any Distribution and Servicing Fee, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, dividend and interest expenses relating to short sales, borrowing costs, merger or reorganization expenses, shareholder meetings expenses, litigation expenses, expenses associated with the acquisition and disposition of investments (including interest and structuring costs for borrowings and line(s) of credit), valuation service providers and extraordinary expenses, if any; collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”) do not exceed 0.50% per annum (excluding Excluded Expenses) of the Fund’s average monthly net assets of each class of Shares. With respect to each class of Shares, the Fund agrees to repay the Manager any fees waived or expenses assumed under the |
Expense Limitation Agreement for such class of Shares, provided the repayments do not cause the Fund’s annual operating expenses (excluding Excluded Expenses) for that class of Shares to exceed the expense limitation in place at the time the fees were waived and/or the expenses were reimbursed, or the expense limitation in place at the time the Fund repays the Manager, whichever is lower. The Manager is permitted to recapture amounts forgone or reimbursed within thirty-six months after the month the Manager earned the fee or incurred the expense. The Expense Limitation Agreement will have a term ending at least one-year from the date the Fund commences operations, and the Manager may extend the term for a period of one year on an annual basis. The Manager may not terminate the Expense Limitation Agreement during its initial one-year term. |
Administrator |
The Fund has retained The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Administrator”) to provide it with certain administrative services, including fund administration, fund accounting and transfer agency services. The Fund compensates the Administrator for these services and reimburses the Administrator for certain out-of-pocket |
Transfer Restrictions |
A Shareholder may assign, transfer, sell, encumber, pledge or otherwise dispose of (each, a “transfer”) Shares only (i) by operation of law pursuant to the death, divorce, insolvency, bankruptcy, or adjudicated incompetence of the Shareholder; or (ii) under other limited circumstances, with the consent of the Board (which may be withheld in its sole discretion and is expected to be granted, if at all, only under extenuating circumstances). |
| Notice of a proposed transfer of Shares must be accompanied by properly completed transfer information documents in respect of the proposed transferee and must include evidence satisfactory to the Board that the proposed transferee, at the time of the transfer, meets any requirements imposed by the Fund with respect to investor eligibility and suitability. Each transferring Shareholder and transferee may be charged reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ and accountants’ fees, incurred by the Fund in connection with the transfer. |
Unlisted Closed-End Structure; Limited Liquidity |
Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, and it is not anticipated that a secondary market for Shares will develop. In addition, Shares are subject to limitations on transferability and liquidity will be provided only through limited repurchase offers described below. An investment in the Fund is suitable only for Shareholders who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of the Shares and should be viewed as a long-term investment. See “General Risks of Investing in the Fund—Investments in the Fund will be primarily illiquid.” |
Taxes; RIC Status |
The Fund intends to elect to be treated, and intends to operate in a manner so as to qualify for treatment in each taxable year, as a RIC under the Code. As such, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal corporate |
income tax on its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, if any, that it distributes each year. It is anticipated that the Fund will principally recognize income from dividends and long-term capital gains and that dividends paid to Shareholders in respect of such income generally will be taxable to Shareholders who are U.S. individuals at the reduced rates of U.S. federal income tax that are applicable to individuals for “qualified dividends” and long-term capital gains, although it is expected that a portion of such dividends will not so qualify. |
| In addition, because the Fund intends to qualify as a RIC, it is expected to have certain attributes that are not generally found in traditional unregistered private equity fund of funds. These include providing simpler tax reports to Shareholders on Form 1099-DIV and the avoidance of unrelated business taxable income for benefit plan investors and other investors that are exempt from payments of U.S. federal income tax. |
| For a discussion of certain tax risks and considerations relating to an investment in the Fund, see “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.” |
Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences, including applicable tax reporting requirements. |
Tax Reports |
The Fund will provide to its Shareholders after the end of each calendar year, IRS Forms 1099-DIV detailing the amounts includible in such Shareholder’s taxable income for such year as ordinary dividend income, qualified dividend income and long-term capital gains. Dividends and other taxable distributions are taxable to the Fund’s Shareholders even if they are reinvested in additional Shares pursuant to the DRIP. |
Reports to Shareholders |
The Fund will provide Shareholders with an audited annual report and an unaudited semi-annual report within 60 days after the close of the reporting period for which the report is being made, or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act. Shareholders will also receive quarterly commentary regarding the Fund’s operations and investments. |
Fiscal and Taxable Year |
The Fund’s fiscal year is the 12-month period ending on March 31. The Fund’s taxable year is the 12-month period ending on September 30. |
Term |
The Fund’s term is perpetual unless the Fund is otherwise terminated under the terms of the Declaration of Trust. |
Custodian and Transfer Agent |
The Bank of New York Mellon serves as the Fund’s custodian, and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC serves as the Fund’s transfer agent. |
ERISA |
Investors subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), including employee benefit plans and individual retirement accounts, may purchase Shares. Because the Fund is registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered to be “plan assets” subject to the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules of ERISA. Thus, the Manager, Lexington and FAV will not be a “fiduciary” within the meaning of ERISA with respect to the assets of any “benefit plan investor” within the meaning of ERISA that becomes a Shareholder, solely as a result of the Shareholder’s investment in the Fund. |
Shareholder Transaction Expenses (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class S Shares |
Class D Shares |
Class I Shares |
Class M Shares |
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Maximum Sales Load ( (1) |
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Maximum Early Repurchase Fee (as a percentage of repurchased amount) (2) |
% | % | % | % | ||||||||||||
Estimated Annual Operating Expenses ( |
Class S Shares |
Class D Shares |
Class I Shares |
Class M Shares |
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Management Fee (3) |
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Incentive Fee (4) |
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Other Expenses (5) |
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Distribution and Servicing Fee |
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Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (6) |
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Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds (7) |
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Total Annual Expenses |
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Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (8) |
( |
) |
( |
) |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||
Total Annual Expenses (After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement) |
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(1) |
No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S Shares, Class D Shares, Class I Shares or Class M Shares, however, if you buy Class S Shares, Class D Shares or Class M Shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class D Shares, a 3.0% cap on NAV Class S Shares and a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class M Shares. Financial intermediaries will not charge such fees on Class I Shares. Please consult your financial intermediary for additional information. |
| (2) | A 2.00% early repurchase fee payable to the Fund may be charged with respect to the repurchase of Shares at any time prior to the day immediately preceding the one-year anniversary of a Shareholder’s purchase of the Shares (on a “first in—first out” basis). An early repurchase fee payable by a Shareholder may be waived in circumstances where the Board determines that doing so is in the best interests of the Fund and in a manner that will not discriminate unfairly against any Shareholder. The early repurchase fee will not apply to Shares acquired through dividend reinvestment, and the Fund may waive the early repurchase fee in its sole discretion under certain circumstances: (i) with respect to repurchase requests submitted by discretionary model portfolio management programs (and similar arrangements); (ii) with respect to repurchase requests from feeder funds (or similar vehicles) primarily created to hold Shares, which are offered to non-U.S. persons, where such funds seek to avoid imposing such a deduction because of administrative or systems limitations; (iii) pursuant to an asset allocation program, wrap fee program or other investment program offered by a financial institution where investment decisions are made on a discretionary basis by investment professionals; and (iv) pursuant to an automatic non-discretionary rebalancing program. The early repurchase fee will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of the remaining Shareholders. |
(3) |
(4) |
At the end of each calendar quarter of the Fund (and at certain other times), the Manager (or, to the extent permitted by applicable law, an affiliate of the Manager) will be entitled to receive an Incentive Fee equal to 15.0% of the amount that the Net Profits for the applicable period exceeds the Loss Recovery Account. “Net Profits” shall mean the amount by which (i) the sum of (A) the net asset value of the Fund as of the end of such quarter, (B) the aggregate repurchase price of all shares repurchased by the Fund during such quarter and (C) the amount of dividends and other distributions paid in respect of the Fund during such quarter and not reinvested in additional shares through the DRIP exceeds (ii) the sum of (X) the net asset value of the Fund as of the beginning of such quarter and (Y) the aggregate issue price of shares of the Fund issued during such quarter (excluding any Shares of such Class issued in connection with the reinvestment through the DRIP of dividends paid, or other distributions made, by the Fund through the DRIP). Incentive Fees are accrued monthly and paid quarterly. For purposes of calculating Incentive Fees, such accruals are not deducted from net asset value. Because the Incentive Fee is speculative, no Incentive Fee is presented for the initial year of operations. See “Management and Incentive Fees.” |
| (5) |
(6) |
in-kind. As such, fees and allocations for a particular period may be unrelated to the cost of investing in the Portfolio Funds. |
(7) |
Calculations in the table do not assume leverage. |
| (8) | Pursuant to an expense limitation agreement (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”) with the Fund, the Manager has agreed to waive fees that it would otherwise be paid, and/or to assume expenses of the Fund, if required to ensure certain annual operating expenses (excluding the Management Fee, Incentive Fee, any Distribution and Servicing Fee, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, dividend and interest expenses relating to short sales, borrowing costs, merger or reorganization expenses, shareholder meetings expenses, litigation expenses, expenses associated with the acquisition and disposition of investments (including interest and structuring costs for borrowings and line(s) of credit), valuation service providers and extraordinary expenses, if any; collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”) do not exceed 0.50% per annum (excluding Excluded Expenses) of the Fund’s average monthly net assets of each class of Shares. With respect to each class of Shares, the Fund agrees to repay the Manager any fees waived or expenses assumed under the Expense Limitation Agreement for such class of Shares, provided the repayments do not cause the Fund’s annual operating expenses (excluding Excluded Expenses) for that class of Shares to exceed the expense limitation in place at the time the fees were waived and/or the expenses |
| were reimbursed, or the expense limitation in place at the time the Fund repays the Manager, whichever is lower. The Manager is permitted to recapture amounts forgone or reimbursed within thirty-six months after the month the Manager earned the fee or incurred the expense. The Expense Limitation Agreement will have a term ending one-year from the date the Fund commences operations, and the Manager may extend the term for a period of one year on an annual basis. The Manager may not terminate the Expense Limitation Agreement during its initial one-year term. |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
|||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 Class S Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 Class D Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 Class I Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 Class M Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
|||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $25,000 Class S Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $25,000 Class D Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $25,000 Class I Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $25,000 Class M Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
| • | review the early performance of the investment under the ownership of the sponsor; |
| • | identify the stage of the investment within its lifecycle and prioritize investing in funds whose portfolios have matured, allowing for the identification of historically top performing managers and promising companies; and |
| • | evaluate portfolio companies at a point closer to their ultimate realization and assess factors that may influence exit timing and value. |
| • | Fund-of-Fund Sellers : Funds-of-funds tend to use the secondary market to sell portfolios in mature fund-of-funds programs so that they can wind down those programs. |
| • | Change of Investment Strategy : Institutional investors are regularly reviewing asset allocations. The established secondary market allows investors to consider the sale of all or a portion of their private investment fund portfolios as a means to reallocate capital. |
| • | Excess Commitments : The amount of capital committed by investors to global private investment funds has been at historically high levels for the past several years. From 2011-2021, private equity generated a record eleven consecutive years of net distributions to limited partners. This positive liquidity environment, combined with persistent low interest rates and attractive relative returns, led to record amounts of capital being committed to private equity funds. Many institutional investors now face overallocations to private equity, which may cause some to consider the sale of all or a portion of their private investment fund portfolios as a means to reallocate capital. In 2022 and 2023, Lexington started to see a shift from net distributions to net capital calls from LPs. Lexington believes that secondary transaction volume will remain high in the coming years as LPs continue to seek liquidity for portfolio rebalancing. |
| • | Large Number of Sponsor Relationships : The time and effort required to monitor a large portfolio of private investment funds can limit an investment staff’s ability to pursue new opportunities. The sale of non-core private investment funds allows an institution to focus on a smaller number of core sponsor relationships. |
| • | Relative Return Expectations : Investors in private investment funds generally seek higher returns than those expected from other asset classes such as public equity or fixed income. If the return expectations of private investment funds decrease due to a change in market conditions, investors may be interested in reallocating a portion of their portfolio into other asset classes through secondary sales. |
| • | Lower Distribution Activity : If distributions from private investment funds slow due to fewer exit options for underlying companies (e.g., during periods where mergers and acquisitions or the IPO market is unreceptive, causing companies to stay private for longer), investors may look to the secondary market for liquidity. |
| • | General Liquidity Needs : Certain investors respond to the impact of cyclical liquidity swings on fixed working capital requirements by liquidating private investment fund positions on the secondary market. |
| • | New Commitment “Swaps” : Certain investors, including certain financial institutions, have shown an interest in selling older private investment fund interests and using the proceeds to participate in new funds formed by the same sponsors. |
| • | Regulatory Changes : Changing regulatory environments and heightened regulatory scrutiny can require investors to scale back their private investment fund holdings, resulting in secondary sales. |
| • | Continuation Funds : Sponsors are increasingly exploring continuation funds as a tool to optimize value creation for portfolio investments beyond their initial holding period while providing a liquidity option for investors seeking to exit. A continuation fund typically involves a new vehicle established for portfolio investment(s) in a legacy fund managed by the same sponsor. These transactions may involve changes to terms through a new limited partnership agreement and allow for buyer input on price and portfolio composition. |
| • | Tender Offers : In a tender offer, a sponsor solicits secondary buyers to submit pricing on one of the sponsor’s funds. All of the fund’s limited partners may assess the tender offer and decide whether to sell their stake to the prevailing buyer(s) at the set price and terms. Importantly, limited partners may elect not to sell their stake because term changes to the underlying fund typically do not occur. |
| • | Strip Sales : In a strip sale, a sponsor solicits secondary buyers to submit pricing on a strip of certain underlying portfolio companies in a fund. These partial sales generate earlier distributions to limited partners and can de-risk a portion of the fund’s unrealized value while allowing limited partners to still participate in the vast majority of future compounding of value. Similar to a tender offer, no term changes typically occur. |
| • | Spin-outs : A sponsor may face fundraising challenges when spinning out from a parent company if investors are reluctant to back a new fund formed by a manager with a limited track record of independent operations. In order to complete a successful spin-out, sponsors have approached Lexington with the opportunity to purchase legacy investments and provide committed capital to the newly-independent sponsor. |
| • | Early Secondaries : An early secondary refers to a capital commitment to a closed-end private equity fund that (i) already committed more than 25% of its available capital as of the commitment date, (ii) has been open to investors for more than one year, or (iii) receives documented approval from Lexington’s investment committee supporting the position that such investment otherwise meets the overall characteristics of an “early secondary” despite not meeting the thresholds in (i) or (ii). |
| • | Seeded Primaries : A seeded primary is a primary offering of a private investment fund and company that is launched with a significant amount of initial funding. |
| • | Fund Recapitalization : Sponsors may seek to recapitalize an existing fund and seek funding from new investors. |
| • | Multi-Stage Venture : A venture fund investment strategy which includes investment in portfolio companies at a variety of stages of development. With respect to the transfer of an investment in a secondary transaction, as a closing condition, the buyer and seller in a secondary transaction involving the sale of a limited partner interest in an underlying private fund must obtain the consent of the general partner of the private fund to such transfer. This consent, which involves the underlying private fund’s general partner, the selling limited partner and the buyer, is the agreement that effectuates the transfer of the limited partnership interest from the seller to the buyer. |
| • | Late-Stage Venture : A fund investment strategy involving financing for the expansion of a company. |
| • | Early-Stage Venture : A fund investment strategy involving investment in companies generally at the formative stages for product development and initial marketing, manufacturing and sales activities. Includes investments in companies that are in the early, seed and pre-seed stages of development. The Fund will focus on early-stage venture investments that consist of a more mature portfolio of underlying companies. |
| • | Growth Capital : A fund investment strategy aiming to grow or expand an established company, typically exemplified by late-stage venture capital deals in more mature businesses that often demonstrate positive cash flow focused on significant growth potential, acquisitions and other high growth characteristics. |
| • | Buyout : Control investments in established, typically cash flow positive companies are usually classified as buyouts. Buyout investments may focus on small-, mid- or large-capitalization companies, and such investments collectively represent a substantial majority of the capital deployed in the overall private equity market. The use of debt financing, or leverage, is prevalent in buyout transactions—particularly in the large-cap segment. Buyouts may also include growth buyouts, in which the target companies are growing at high rates and have limited or no positive cash flow and are therefore predominantly financed by equity. |
| • | India: In April 2020, the Government of India issued Press Note No. 3 (2020 Series), which updated the country’s existing national security regime such that any foreign investment (i) by or from an entity of any country that shares its land border with India or (ii) whose beneficial owner of an investment into India is situated in, or is a citizen of, any country that shares its land border with India, can only be made with prior approval of the Government of India. Further clarity is awaited from the Government of India on what constitutes beneficial ownership, but the application of this rule may inhibit the Fund’s ability to consummate investments involving India. As a result, the Fund may incur significant delays and costs or be altogether prohibited from making a particular investment, all of which could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objectives. |
| • | European Union (“EU”): Following the EU’s implementation of an EU-wide mechanism to coordinate the screening of foreign investment on national security grounds across EU Member States in October 2020, the majority of EU Member States have now introduced foreign investment screening regimes which could impede, restrict, and/or delay the Fund’s investments that have a nexus with the European Union. |
| • | Australia: Legislation passed in 2020 expands the criteria used to determine whether a transaction must be formally identified to the country’s Foreign Investment Review Board and affords the government new call-in powers to review transactions that may pose a national security risk. |
| • | United Kingdom: On January 4, 2022, the screening regime under the National Security and Investment Act 2021 entered into force, requiring mandatory notification for certain acquisitions in 17 strategic sectors and giving the United Kingdom (“UK”) government broad powers to review certain acquisitions in any economic sector. |
| • | the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV of the Shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage; |
| • | the risk that fluctuations in interest rates or dividend rates on any leverage that the Fund must pay will reduce the return to Shareholders; |
| • | the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV of the Shares than if the Fund were not leveraged; and |
| • | leverage may increase operating costs, which may reduce total return. |
| • | U.S. government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. government securities include securities issued by: (a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration and Government National Mortgage Association, the securities of which are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and Tennessee Valley Authority, the securities of which are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) the Federal National Mortgage Association, the securities of which are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, the securities of which are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate. |
| • | Certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by the Fund may not be fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. |
| • | Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities. |
| • | Commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Fund at any time. The Manager, Lexington and/or FAV will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios) and will continuously monitor the corporation’s ability to meet all of its financial obligations, because the Fund’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand. Investments in commercial paper will be limited to commercial paper rated in the highest categories by a major rating agency and which mature within one year of the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest. |
| • | Quarterly and audited annual financial statements of Portfolio Funds and individual statements provided by a Portfolio Fund. The Manager is not required to adjust fair valuations (inclusive of accrual based performance fees) provided by Portfolio Funds. |
| • | Where an accrual based performance fee has not been incorporated in the fair valuation provided by the Portfolio Fund Manager, a separate fair value analysis may be obtained from the Portfolio Fund |
Manager or prepared by the Manager. The Portfolio Fund’s performance fee is then deducted from the valuation. |
| • | Where financial statements of a Portfolio Fund are prepared on a basis other than GAAP, the Manager may assess if the valuation methodology employed is equivalent to US GAAP, or if an adjustment is necessary. In the case of non-US GAAP financial statements (such as IFRS, UK GAAP, Irish GAAP or French GAAP), the Manager may review the valuation policies and procedures of a Portfolio Fund with the Portfolio Fund Manager to allow the Manager to conclude whether a Portfolio Fund valuation is US GAAP equivalent, and therefore whether no adjustment is required. Where Portfolio Fund financial statements are prepared on a basis inconsistent with US GAAP, the Manager may review separately negotiated fair value statements or determine a fair valuation through discussion with the applicable Portfolio Fund Manager. |
| • | Where the Portfolio Fund’s measurement date is at a non-quarter end, NAV may be adjusted for cash flows through the applicable reporting date. Where distributions are in excess of the Portfolio Fund’s valuation, the valuation will not be reduced below zero. The valuation may be adjusted to reflect the residual value in the Portfolio Fund, depending on materiality. |
| • | In addition, the Manager expects to engage in the following processes as it deems necessary: |
| • | Representation in certain cases on the advisory board and/or valuation committee of the Portfolio Fund. |
| • | Attendance of the Portfolio Fund Manager annual meetings. |
| • | Ongoing dialogue with the Portfolio Fund Manager, including performance reviews of the Portfolio Fund’s underlying portfolio companies. |
| • | Further, any other factors of which it has knowledge and that it believes may be relevant, which may include one or more of the following: (i) the type of investment, including the types of investments held by a Portfolio Fund, and whether there may be known factors not reflected in the valuations supplied by a Portfolio Fund or lead or sponsoring private investors, such as material changes in the business or operations of the issuer, including the discontinuance of operations or an important component of operations or the commencement of insolvency or reorganization proceedings of a portfolio company owned by the Fund, or any market for its securities; (ii) any relevant operational or non-investment issues that may affect the investment or the Portfolio Fund; (iii) the value of publicly traded securities, if any, held by a Portfolio Fund; (iv) the valuation of the same investments held by different Portfolio Funds, different private investors or third parties independent of the Manager; (v) public index returns which may be relevant to individual Portfolio Funds for purposes of considering any adjustments to the fair value of each Portfolio Fund; and (vi) any other information, factor or set of factors that may affect the valuation of the Fund’s investment in the Portfolio Fund, Direct Investment, or Co-Investment. For certain other Direct Investments, the Manager may take into account the following factors: (i) latest round of financing, (ii) company operating performance, (iii) market-based performance multiples, (iv) potential merger and acquisition activity and (v) any other material information that may impact investment fair value. Other adjustments may occur from time to time. |
| • | which share classes are available to you; |
| • | how much you intend to invest; |
| • | how long you expect to own the shares; and |
| • | total costs and expenses associated with a particular share class. |
Share Class |
Amount Authorized |
Amount Outstanding | ||||
Unlimited |
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Unlimited |
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Unlimited |
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Unlimited |
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| • | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| • | a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| • | a trust, if a court within the United States has primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons (as defined in the Code) have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a domestic trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes; or |
| • | an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source. |
| • | Have in effect an election to be treated and qualify as a registered management company under the 1940 Act at all times during each taxable year; |
| • | derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from (a) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale of stock, securities, or foreign currencies or other income (including certain deemed inclusions) derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in such stock, securities, foreign currencies or other income, or (b) net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (“QPTP”) (collectively, the “90% Gross Income Test”); and |
| • | diversify its holdings so that at the end of each quarter of the taxable year: |
| • | at least 50% of the value of its assets consists of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities that, with respect to any issuer, do not represent more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer; and |
| • | no more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of (i) one issuer, (ii) or of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under the Code, by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or (iii) securities of one or more QPTPs (collectively, the “Diversification Tests”). |
| • | results in a “complete termination” of such U.S. Shareholder’s ownership of Shares in the Fund; |
| • | results in a “substantially disproportionate” redemption with respect to such U.S. Shareholder; or |
| • | is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to the U.S. Shareholder. |
The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. The Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
PRELIMINARY STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED September 1, 2026
FRANKLIN LEXINGTON VENTURE AND GROWTH FUND
Class S Shares
Class D Shares
Class I Shares
Class M Shares
[●], 2026
Franklin Lexington Venture and Growth Fund (the “Fund”) is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history. This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relating to the Shares does not constitute a prospectus, but should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus relating thereto dated [●], 2026. This SAI, which is not a prospectus, does not include all information that a prospective investor should consider before purchasing Shares, and investors should obtain and read the Prospectus prior to purchasing such Shares. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling (888) 777-0102, by writing to the Fund at One Madison Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, New York 10010 or by visiting www.alternativesbyft.com. You may also obtain a copy of the Prospectus on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this SAI have the meanings ascribed to them in the Prospectus.
References to the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act, as amended (the “1940 Act”), or other applicable law, will include any rules promulgated thereunder and any guidance, interpretations or modifications by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, including court interpretations, and exemptive, no-action or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT POLICIES
The investment objective and the principal investment strategies of the Fund, as well as the principal risks associated with such investment strategies, are set forth in the Prospectus. The following disclosure supplements the disclosure set forth under the captions “Investment Objective and Strategy” and “Risks” in the Prospectus and does not, by itself, present a complete or accurate explanation of the matters discussed. Prospective investors also should refer to “Investment Objective and Strategy” and “Risks” in the Prospectus for a complete presentation of the matters disclosed below.
Fundamental Policies
The following restrictions are the Fund’s only fundamental policies—that is, policies that cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (a “1940 Act Vote”). For the purposes of the foregoing, a “majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities” means the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares. The other policies and investment restrictions are not fundamental polices of the Fund and may be changed by the Fund’s Board without Shareholder approval and on prior notice to Shareholders. If a percentage restriction set forth below is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from any cause other than actions by the Fund will not be considered a violation. Under its fundamental restrictions:
1. Underwriting: The Fund may not engage in the business of underwriting the securities of other issuers except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
2. Lending: The Fund may lend money or other assets to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
3. Senior Securities: The Fund may not issue senior securities or borrow money except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
4. Real Estate: The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
5. Commodities: The Fund may purchase or sell commodities or contracts related to commodities to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
6. Concentration: Except as permitted by exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, the Fund may not make any investment if, as a result, the Fund’s investments will be concentrated in any one industry; provided, however, that the Fund will, in normal circumstances, invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase in the Technology Industry.
The following notations are not considered to be part of the Fund’s fundamental restrictions and are subject to change without Shareholder approval.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers. A
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fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act. Under the Securities Act, an underwriter may be liable for material omissions or misstatements in an issuer’s registration statement or prospectus. Securities purchased from an issuer and not registered for sale under the Securities Act are considered restricted securities. There may be a limited market for these securities. If these securities are registered under the Securities Act, they may then be eligible for sale but participating in the sale may subject the seller to underwriter liability. These risks could apply to a fund investing in restricted securities. Although it is not believed that the application of the Securities Act provisions described above would cause the Fund to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the Fund may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from making loans; however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets, except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. (A repurchase agreement is an agreement to purchase a security, coupled with an agreement to sell that security back to the original seller on an agreed-upon date at a price that reflects current interest rates. The SEC frequently treats repurchase agreements as loans.) The Fund also will be permitted by this policy to make loans of money, including to other funds. The policy above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from purchasing or investing in debt obligations and loans. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments, as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth above, “senior securities” are defined as any bond, debenture, note, or similar obligation or instrument constituting a security and evidencing indebtedness, and any stock of a class having priority over any other class as to distribution of assets or payment of dividends. Under the 1940 Act, a “senior security” does not include any promissory note or evidence of indebtedness where such loan is for temporary purposes only and in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of the total assets of the issuer at the time the loan is made. A loan is presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within sixty days and is not extended or renewed.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth above, the 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain at all times an asset coverage of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. For the purpose of borrowing money, “asset coverage” means the ratio that the value of the Fund’s total assets, minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Certain trading practices and investments may be considered to be borrowings and thus subject to the 1940 Act restrictions. On the other hand, certain practices and investments may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings under the 1940 Act, such as the purchasing of securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, entering into reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps or futures contracts, engaging in short sales and writing options on portfolio securities, so long as the Fund complies with an applicable exemption in Rule 18f-4. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Borrowing, especially when used for leverage, may cause the value of the Fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the Fund did not borrow. This is because borrowing tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. Borrowed money thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay borrowings, the Fund may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the Fund. There also are costs associated with borrowing money, and these costs would offset and could eliminate the Fund’s net investment income in any given period. The policy above will be interpreted to permit the Fund to engage in trading practices and investments that may be considered to be borrowing to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Short-term credits necessary for the settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy. Practices and investments that may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings are not subject to the policy.
2
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to real estate set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning real estate. Investing in real estate may involve risks, including that real estate is generally considered illiquid and may be difficult to value and sell. Owners of real estate may be subject to various liabilities, including environmental liabilities. The policy above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from investing in real estate-related companies, companies whose businesses consist in whole or in part of investing in real estate, instruments (like mortgages) that are secured by real estate or interests therein, or real estate investment trust securities.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to commodities set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning commodities, whether physical commodities and contracts related to physical commodities (such as oil or grains and related futures contracts), or financial commodities and contracts related to financial commodities (such as currencies and, possibly, currency futures). If the Fund were to invest in a physical commodity or a physical commodity-related instrument, the Fund would be subject to the additional risks of the particular physical commodity and its related market. The value of commodities and commodity-related instruments may be extremely volatile and may be affected either directly or indirectly by a variety of factors. There also may be storage charges and risks of loss associated with physical commodities. The policy above will be interpreted to permit investments in exchange traded funds that invest in physical and/or financial commodities.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth above, the 1940 Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry or groups of industries. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. A fund that invests a significant percentage of its total assets in a single industry may be particularly susceptible to adverse events affecting that industry and may be more risky than a fund that does not concentrate in an industry. The policy above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. In addition, the term industry will be interpreted to include a related group of industries. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities (including, for the avoidance of doubt, U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities); securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; securities of foreign governments; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. For purposes of concentration, investments in municipal securities issued to finance a particular project are considered investments in the industry of that project and investments in the sovereign debt of any single country are considered investments in a single industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country, subject to the Fund’s policy on concentration. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to the Fund as to how to classify issuers within or among industries or groups of industries. The Fund has been advised by the staff of the SEC that the staff currently views securities issued by a foreign government to be in a single industry for purposes of calculating applicable limits on concentration. Finance companies will be considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of the parents. Each foreign government will be considered to be a member of a separate industry. With respect to the Fund’s industry classifications, the Fund currently utilizes any one or more of the industry sub-classifications used by one or more widely recognized market indexes or rating group indexes, and/or as defined by the Manager. In the absence of such classification or if the Manager determines in good faith based on its own information that the economic characteristics affecting a particular issuer make it more appropriate to be considered engaged in a different industry, the Manager may classify an issuer accordingly. Accordingly, the composition of an industry or group of industries may change from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to the Fund as to how to classify issuers within or among industries. The investment restrictions and other policies described herein do not apply to Portfolio Funds. The Fund will, however, consider the investments held by Portfolio Funds, to the extent known, in determining whether its investments are concentrated in any particular industry or groups of industries. The Fund defines the
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“Technology Industry” as including (i) companies that derive a significant portion of their value or growth prospects from the development, application or commercialization of biological, digital, engineering, physical or scientific innovations and (ii) technology-enabled companies operating within traditionally non-technology industries.
The Fund’s fundamental policies are written and will be interpreted broadly. For example, the policies will be interpreted to refer to the 1940 Act and the related rules as they are in effect from time to time, and to interpretations and modifications of or relating to the 1940 Act by the SEC and others as they are given from time to time. When a policy provides that an investment practice may be conducted as permitted by the 1940 Act, the policy will be interpreted to mean either that the 1940 Act expressly permits the practice or that the 1940 Act does not prohibit the practice.
The Fund’s investment objective is non-fundamental and may be changed with the approval of the Fund’s Board and prior notice to Shareholders.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its assets in Venture and Growth Assets. For purposes of this 80% policy, the Fund’s “assets” mean net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes). The Fund intends to count the value of any money market funds, cash, other cash equivalents or U.S. Treasury securities with remaining maturities of one year or less that cover unfunded commitments to invest equity in Portfolio Funds or special purpose vehicles controlled by unaffiliated general partners that will acquire a Venture and Growth Asset, in each case that the Fund reasonably expects to be called in the future, as qualifying Venture and Growth Assets for purposes of its 80% policy. The Manager will consider, for purposes of determining compliance with the Fund’s 80% policy, the investment policies and/or principal investment strategies of the Portfolio Funds and ETFs in which the Fund may, from time to time, invest. The Manager will count any Portfolio Fund and ETF that is comprised of a majority of Venture and Growth Assets toward satisfaction of the Fund’s 80% policy. The Fund determines whether an asset qualifies as a Venture and Growth Asset based on information available at the time of investment. The Fund’s investments in derivative instruments and other investments that provide exposure to the investment focus indicated in the Fund’s 80% policy, or that provide exposure to one or more market risk factors associated with the investment focus indicated in the Fund’s name, are included in the Fund’s 80% basket.
This 80% policy is not fundamental and may be changed by the Fund’s Board upon 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders, provided that the Fund provides such notice in advance of a tender offer and such tender offer is not oversubscribed. The Fund must review its portfolio investments at least quarterly. If, subsequent to an investment, the Fund identifies that the requirements to its 80% policy are no longer met, the Fund will make future investments in a manner that will bring it into compliance with its 80% policy as soon as reasonably practicable.
The Fund’s compliance with its investment limitations and requirements described in the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information is determined at the time of investment unless otherwise stated therein. If such a percentage limitation is complied with at the time of an investment, any subsequent change in percentage resulting from a change in asset values or characteristics or a sale of securities will not constitute a violation of that limitation.
4
INVESTMENT PRACTICES, TECHNIQUES AND RISKS
The following information supplements the discussion of the Fund’s investment objective, policies, techniques and risks that are described in the Prospectus. The Fund may invest in the following instruments and use the following investment techniques, subject to any limitations set forth in the Prospectus. There is no guarantee the Fund will buy all of the types of securities or use any or all of the investment techniques described herein.
Yield and Ratings Risk. The yields on debt obligations are dependent on a variety of factors, including general market conditions, conditions in the particular market for the obligation, the financial condition of the issuer, the size of the offering, the maturity of the obligation and the ratings of the issue. The ratings of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, which are described in Appendix A to the SAI, represent their respective opinions as to the quality of the obligations they undertake to rate. Ratings, however, are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, obligations with the same rating, maturity and interest rate may have different market prices. Subsequent to its purchase by the Fund, a rated security may cease to be rated. The Manager, Lexington and/or FAV will consider such an event in determining whether the Fund should continue to hold the security.
U.S. Debt Securities Risk. U.S. debt securities generally involve lower levels of credit risk than other types of fixed income securities of similar maturities, although, as a result, the yields available from U.S. debt securities are generally lower than the yields available from such other securities. Like other fixed income securities, the values of U.S. debt securities change as interest rates fluctuate. Any downgrades by rating agencies could increase volatility in both stock and bond markets, result in higher interest rates and higher Treasury yields and increase borrowing costs generally. These events could have significant adverse effects on the economy generally and could result in significant adverse impacts on securities issuers and the Fund. Lexington and/or FAV cannot predict the effects of these or similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and securities markets or on the Fund’s portfolio.
Senior Loan Risk. The Fund may invest in senior floating rate and fixed rate loans or debt (“Senior Loans”). Senior Loans typically hold the most senior position in the capital structure of the issuing entity, are typically secured with specific collateral and typically have a claim on the assets and/or stock of the borrower that is senior to that held by subordinated debt holders and stockholders of the borrower. The Fund’s investments in Senior Loans are typically below investment grade and are considered speculative because of the credit risk of their issuer. The risks associated with Senior Loans are similar to the risks of below investment grade fixed income securities, although Senior Loans are typically senior and secured in contrast to other below investment grade fixed income securities, which are often subordinated and unsecured. Senior Loans’ higher standing has historically resulted in generally higher recoveries in the event of a corporate reorganization. In addition, because their interest payments are typically adjusted for changes in short-term interest rates, investments in Senior Loans generally have less interest rate risk than other below investment grade fixed income securities, which may have fixed interest rates.
There is less readily available, reliable information about most Senior Loans than is the case for many other types of securities. In addition, there is no minimum rating or other independent evaluation of a borrower or its securities limiting the Fund’s investments, and the Manager, Lexington and/or FAV relies primarily on its own evaluation of a borrower’s credit quality rather than on any available independent sources. As a result, the Fund is particularly dependent on the analytical ability of the Manager, Lexington and/or FAV.
The Fund may invest in Senior Loans rated below investment grade, which are considered speculative because of the credit risk of their issuers. Such companies are more likely to default on their payments of interest and principal owed to the Fund, and such defaults could reduce the Fund’s net asset value and income distributions. An economic downturn generally leads to a higher non-payment rate and a Senior Loan may lose significant value before a default occurs. Moreover, any specific collateral used to secure a Senior Loan may decline in value or become illiquid, which would adversely affect the Senior Loan’s value.
5
No active trading market may exist for certain Senior Loans, which may impair the ability of the Fund to realize full value in the event of the need to sell a Senior Loan and may make it difficult to value Senior Loans. Adverse market conditions may impair the liquidity of some actively traded Senior Loans, meaning that the Fund may not be able to sell them quickly at a fair price. To the extent that a secondary market does exist for certain Senior Loans, the market may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods. Illiquid investments are also difficult to value.
Although the Senior Loans in which the Fund may invest generally will be secured by specific collateral, there can be no assurances that liquidation of such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of the bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing a Senior Loan. If the terms of a Senior Loan do not require the borrower to pledge additional collateral in the event of a decline in the value of the already pledged collateral, the Fund will be exposed to the risk that the value of the collateral will not at all times equal or exceed the amount of the borrower’s obligations under the Senior Loans. To the extent that a Senior Loan is collateralized by stock in the borrower or its subsidiaries, such stock may lose all of its value in the event of the bankruptcy of the borrower. Uncollateralized Senior Loans involve a greater risk of loss. Some Senior Loans are subject to the risk that a court, pursuant to fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws, could subordinate the Senior Loans to presently existing or future indebtedness of the borrower or take other action detrimental to lenders, including the Fund. Such court action could under certain circumstances include invalidation of Senior Loans.
Senior Loans are subject to legislative risk. If legislation or state or federal regulations impose additional requirements or restrictions on the ability of financial institutions to make loans, the availability of Senior Loans for investment by the Fund may be adversely affected. In addition, such requirements or restrictions could reduce or eliminate sources of financing for certain borrowers. This would increase the risk of default. If legislation or federal or state regulations require financial institutions to increase their capital requirements this may cause financial institutions to dispose of Senior Loans that are considered highly levered transactions. Such sales could result in prices that, in the opinion of the Manager, Lexington and/or FAV, do not represent fair value. If the Fund attempts to sell a Senior Loan at a time when a financial institution is engaging in such a sale, the price the Fund could receive for the Senior Loan may be adversely affected.
The Fund may acquire Senior Loan assignments or participations. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, the purchaser’s rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution, and, in any event, the Fund may not be able to unilaterally enforce all rights and remedies under the loan and with regard to any associated collateral. A participation typically results in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest, not with the borrower. In purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement against the borrower and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation.
The Fund’s investments in Senior Loans may be subject to lender liability risk. Lender liability refers to a variety of legal theories generally founded on the premise that a lender has violated a duty of good faith, commercial reasonableness and fair dealing or a similar duty owed to the borrower, or has assumed an excessive degree of control over the borrower resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or Shareholders. Because of the nature of its investments, the Fund may be subject to allegations of lender liability. In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lender or bondholder to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors.
Second Lien Loans Risk. The Fund may invest in second lien or other subordinated or unsecured floating rate and fixed rate loans or debt (“Second Lien Loans”). Second Lien Loans generally are subject to similar risks
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as those associated with investments in Senior Loans. Because Second Lien Loans are subordinated or unsecured and thus lower in priority of payment to Senior Loans, they are subject to the additional risk that the cash flow of the Borrower and property securing the loan or debt, if any, may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments after giving effect to the senior secured obligations of the Borrower. This risk is generally higher for subordinated unsecured loans or debt, which are not backed by a security interest in any specific collateral. Second Lien Loans generally have greater price volatility than Senior Loans and may be less liquid. Second Lien Loans share the same risks as other below investment grade securities.
Bank Loans Risk. The market for bank loans may not be highly liquid and the Fund may have difficulty selling them. These investments are subject to both interest rate risk and credit risk, and the risk of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. These investments expose the Fund to the credit risk of both the financial institution and the underlying borrower.
Risks of Loan Assignments and Participations. As the purchaser of an assignment, the Fund typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, the Fund may not be able to unilaterally enforce all rights and remedies under the loan and with regard to any associated collateral. Because assignments may be arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, the rights and obligations acquired by the Fund as the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender. In addition, if the loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any collateral and could bear the costs and liabilities of owning and disposing of the collateral. The Fund may be required to pass along to a purchaser that buys a loan from the Fund by way of assignment a portion of any fees to which the Fund is entitled under the loan. In connection with purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be subject to the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is selling the participation. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling a participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower.
Loan Interests Risk. Loan interests generally are subject to restrictions on transfer, and the Fund may be unable to sell its loan interests at a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or may be able to sell them promptly only at prices that are less than what the Fund regards as their fair market value. Accordingly, loan interests may at times be illiquid. Loan interests may be difficult to value and may have extended settlement periods (the settlement cycle for many bank loans exceeds 7 days). Extended settlement periods may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. As a result, during periods of unusually heavy redemptions, the Fund may have to sell other investments or borrow money to meet its obligations. A significant portion of floating rate loans may be “covenant lite” loans that may contain fewer or less restrictive constraints on the borrower and/or may contain other characteristics that would be favorable to the borrower, limiting the ability of lenders to take legal action to protect their interests in certain situations. Interests in loans made to finance highly leveraged companies or to finance corporate acquisitions or other transactions may be especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic or market conditions. Interests in secured loans have the benefit of collateral and, typically, of restrictive covenants limiting the ability of the borrower to further encumber its assets. There is a risk that the value of any collateral securing a loan in which the Fund has an interest may decline and that the collateral may not be sufficient to cover the amount owed on the loan. In the event the borrower defaults, the Fund’s access to the collateral may be limited or delayed by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. Further, in the event of a default, second or lower lien secured loans, and unsecured loans, will generally be paid only if the value of the collateral exceeds the amount of the borrower’s obligations to the senior secured lenders, and the remaining collateral may not be sufficient to cover the full amount owed on the loan in which the Fund has an interest. Further, there is a risk that a court could take action with respect to a loan that is adverse to the holders of the loan and the Fund may need to retain legal counsel to enforce its rights in any resulting event of default, bankruptcy, or similar situation. Interests in loans expose the Fund to the credit risk of the underlying borrower and may expose the Fund to the credit risk of the lender.
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The Fund may acquire a loan interest by obtaining an assignment of all or a portion of the interests in a particular loan that are held by an original lender or a prior assignee. As an assignee, the Fund normally will succeed to all rights and obligations of its assignor with respect to the portion of the loan that is being assigned. However, the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of a loan assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the original lenders or the assignor. Alternatively, the Fund may acquire a participation in a loan interest that is held by another party. When the Fund’s loan interest is a participation, the Fund may have less control over the exercise of remedies than the party selling the participation interest, and the Fund normally would not have any direct rights against the borrower. It is possible that the Fund could be held liable, or may be called upon to fulfill other obligations, with respect to loans in which it receives an assignment in whole or in part, or in which it owns a participation. The potential for such liability is greater for an assignee than for a participant.
Derivatives. A derivative is generally a financial contract the value of which depends on, or is derived from, changes in the value of one or more “reference instruments,” such as underlying assets (including securities), reference rates, indices or events. Derivatives may relate to stocks, bonds, credit, interest rates, commodities, currencies or currency exchange rates, or related indices. A derivative may also contain leverage to magnify the exposure to the reference instrument. Derivatives may be traded on organized exchanges and/or through clearing organizations, or in private transactions with other parties in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market with a single dealer or a prime broker acting as an intermediary with respect to an executing dealer. Derivatives may be used for hedging purposes and non-hedging (or speculative) purposes. Some derivatives require one or more parties to post “margin,” which means that a party must deposit assets with, or for the benefit of, a third party, such as a futures commission merchant, in order to initiate and maintain the derivatives position.
Use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that can involve investment techniques and risks different from, and in some respects greater than, those associated with investing in more traditional investments, such as stocks and bonds. Derivatives can be highly complex and highly volatile and may perform in unanticipated ways. Derivatives can create leverage, which can magnify the impact of a decline in the value of the reference instrument underlying the derivative, and the Fund could lose more than the amount it invests. Derivatives can have the potential for unlimited losses, for example, where the Fund may be called upon to deliver a security it does not own. Derivatives may at times be highly illiquid, and the Fund may not be able to close out or sell a derivative at a particular time or at an anticipated price. Derivatives can be difficult to value and valuation may be more difficult in times of market turmoil. Derivatives may involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the reference instrument. Suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will use derivatives to reduce exposure to other risks when that might have been beneficial. Derivatives may involve fees, commissions, or other costs that may reduce the Fund’s gains or exacerbate losses from the derivatives. Certain aspects of the regulatory treatment of derivative instruments, including federal income tax, are currently unclear and may be affected by changes in legislation, regulations, or other legally binding authority.
Derivatives involve risks different from the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. There are risks that apply generally to derivatives transactions, including:
| • | Correlation risk, which is the risk that changes in the value of a derivative will not match the changes in the value of the portfolio holdings that are being hedged or of the particular market or security to which the Fund seeks exposure. There are a number of factors which may prevent a derivative instrument from achieving the desired correlation (or inverse correlation) with an underlying asset, rate or index, such as the impact of fees, expenses and transaction costs, the timing of pricing, and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for such derivative instrument. |
| • | Counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party to the derivative will fail to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the derivative. Counterparty risk may arise because of market activities and developments, the counterparty’s financial condition (including financial difficulties, bankruptcy, or insolvency), or other reasons. Not all derivative transactions require a |
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| counterparty to post collateral, which may expose the Fund to greater losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. Counterparty risk is generally thought to be greater with OTC derivatives than with derivatives that are exchange traded or centrally cleared. However, derivatives that are traded on organized exchanges and/or through clearing organizations involve the possibility that the futures commission merchant or clearing organization will default in the performance of its obligations. |
| • | Credit risk, which is the risk that the reference entity in a credit default swap or similar derivative will not be able to honor its financial obligations. |
| • | Currency risk, which is the risk that changes in the exchange rate between two currencies will adversely affect the value (in U.S. dollar terms) of an investment. |
| • | Illiquidity risk, which is the risk that certain securities or instruments may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time or at the price desired by the counterparty in connection with payments of margin, collateral, or settlement payments. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to unwind or offset a derivative at its desired price, in a secondary market or otherwise. The absence of liquidity may also make it more difficult for the Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments. The illiquidity of the derivatives markets may be due to various factors, including congestion, disorderly markets, limitations on deliverable supplies, the participation of speculators, government regulation and intervention, and technical and operational or system failures. In addition, the liquidity of a secondary market in an exchange-traded derivative contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by the exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in an exchange-traded contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open positions. Prices have in the past moved beyond the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days. If it is not possible to close an open derivative position entered into by the Fund, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin in the event of adverse price movements. In such a situation, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. |
| • | Index risk, which is if the derivative is linked to the performance of an index, it will be subject to the risks associated with changes in that index. If the index changes, the Fund could receive lower interest payments or experience a reduction in the value of the derivative to below the price that the Fund paid for such derivative. |
| • | Legal risk, which is the risk of insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of counterparty, or legality or enforceability of a contract. |
| • | Leverage risk, which is the risk that the Fund’s derivatives transactions can magnify the Fund’s gains and losses. Relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of a derivatives position and can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested. |
| • | Market risk, which is the risk that changes in the value of one or more markets or changes with respect to the value of the underlying asset will adversely affect the value of a derivative. In the event of an adverse movement, the Fund may be required to pay substantial additional margin to maintain its position or the Fund’s returns may be adversely affected. |
| • | Operational risk, which is the risk related to potential operational issues, including documentation issues, settlement issues, systems failures, inadequate controls and human error. |
| • | Valuation risk, which is the risk that valuation sources for a derivative will not be readily available in the market. This is possible especially in times of market distress, since many market participants may be reluctant to purchase complex instruments or quote prices for them. |
| • | Volatility risk, which is the risk that the value of derivatives will fluctuate significantly within a short time period. |
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Options. The Fund may purchase put and call options on currencies or securities. A put option gives the purchaser the right to compel the writer of the option to purchase from the option holder an underlying currency or security or its equivalent at a specified price at any time during the option period. In contrast, a call option gives the purchaser the right to buy the underlying currency or security covered by the option or its equivalent from the writer of the option at the stated exercise price. As a holder of a put option, the Fund will have the right to sell the currencies or securities underlying the option and as the holder of a call option, the Fund will have the right to purchase the currencies or securities underlying the option, in each case at their exercise price at any time prior to the option’s expiration date. The Fund may seek to terminate its option positions prior to their expiration by entering into closing transactions. The ability of the Fund to enter into a closing sale transaction depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market. There can be no assurance that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund so desires.
The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. The purchase of options is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The purchase of options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by the Fund in purchasing an option will be lost as a result of unanticipated movements in prices of the securities on which the option is based. Imperfect correlation between the options and securities markets may detract from the effectiveness of attempted hedging. Options transactions may result in significantly higher transaction costs and portfolio turnover for the Fund.
Some, but not all, of the Fund’s options may be traded and listed on an exchange. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular option at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange or elsewhere may exist. If the Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options on securities that it has purchased, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase and sale of the underlying securities.
Futures Contracts. The Fund may enter into securities-related futures contracts, including security futures contracts. The Fund will not enter into futures contracts that are prohibited under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (the “CEA”), and will, to the extent required by regulatory authorities, enter only into futures contracts that are traded on exchanges and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying financial instrument. A security futures contract is a legally binding agreement between two parties to purchase or sell in the future a specific quantity of a security or of the component securities of a narrow-based security index, at a certain price. A person who buys a security futures contract enters into a contract to purchase an underlying security and is said to be “long” the contract. A person who sells a security futures contract enters into a contract to sell the underlying security and is said to be “short” the contract. The price at which the contract trades (the “contract price”) is determined by relative buying and selling interest on a regulated exchange.
An open position, either a long or short position, is typically closed or liquidated by entering into an offsetting transaction (i.e., an equal and opposite transaction to the one that opened the position) prior to the contract expiration. Traditionally, most futures contracts are liquidated prior to expiration through an offsetting transaction and, thus, holders do not incur a settlement obligation. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, a gain will be realized; if it is more, a loss will be realized. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, a gain will be realized; if it is less, a loss will be realized. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. However, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the Fund will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract and the Fund may not be able to realize a gain in the value of its future position or prevent losses from mounting. This inability to liquidate could occur, for example, if trading is halted due to unusual trading activity in either the security futures contract or the underlying security; if trading is halted
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due to recent news events involving the issuer of the underlying security; if systems failures occur on an exchange or at the firm carrying the position; or, if the position is on an illiquid market. Even if the Fund can liquidate its position, it may be forced to do so at a price that involves a large loss. Because of the low margin deposits required, futures contracts trading involves an extremely high degree of leverage. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a futures contract position. The Fund would continue to be required to meet margin requirements until the position is closed, possibly resulting in a decline in the Fund’s net asset value. In addition, many of the contracts discussed above are relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active secondary market will develop or continue to exist.
Security futures contracts that are not liquidated prior to expiration must be settled in accordance with the terms of the contract. Depending on the terms of the contract, some security futures contracts are settled by physical delivery of the underlying security. Settlement with physical delivery may involve additional costs. Depending on the terms of the contract, other security futures contracts are settled through cash settlement. In this case, the underlying security is not delivered. Instead, any positions in such security futures contracts that are open at the end of the last trading day are settled through a final cash payment based on a final settlement price determined by the exchange or clearing organization. Once this payment is made, neither party has any further obligations on the contract.
In addition, the value of a position in security futures contracts could be affected if trading is halted in either the security futures contract or the underlying security. In certain circumstances, regulated exchanges are required by law to halt trading in security futures contracts. The regulated exchanges may also have discretion under their rules to halt trading in other circumstances, such as when the exchange determines that the halt would be advisable in maintaining a fair and orderly market. A trading halt, either by a regulated exchange that trades security futures or an exchange trading the underlying security or instrument, could prevent the Fund from liquidating a position in security futures contracts in a timely manner, which could expose the Fund to a loss.
Each regulated exchange trading a security futures contract may also open and close for trading at different times than other regulated exchanges trading security futures contracts or markets trading the underlying security or securities. Trading in security futures contracts prior to the opening or after the close of the primary market for the underlying security may be less liquid than trading during regular market hours.
Swap Agreements. The Fund may enter into swap agreements. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns, differentials in rates of return or some other amount earned or realized on the “notional amount” of predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. Some swaps are structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors, such as interest rates, commodity prices, non-U.S. currency rates, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, security prices, indexes or inflation rates. Swap agreements may be negotiated bilaterally and traded OTC between two parties or, in some instances, must be transacted through a futures commission merchant and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty. Certain risks are reduced (but not eliminated) if a fund invests in cleared swaps. Certain standardized swaps, including certain credit default swaps, are subject to mandatory clearing, and more are expected to be in the future. The counterparty risk for cleared derivatives is generally lower than for uncleared derivatives, but cleared contracts are not risk-free.
Swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the Fund’s investments and the price of its Shares. The performance of swap agreements may be affected by a change in the specific interest rate, currency or other factors that determine the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would likely decline, potentially resulting in losses.
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Generally, swap agreements have fixed maturity dates that are agreed upon by the parties to the swap. The agreement can be terminated before the maturity date only under limited circumstances, such as default by or insolvency of one of the parties and can be transferred by a party only with the prior written consent of the other party. The Fund may be able to eliminate its exposure under a swap agreement either by assignment or other disposition, or by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or a similarly creditworthy party. If the counterparty is unable to meet its obligations under the contract, declares bankruptcy, defaults or becomes insolvent, it is possible that the Fund may not be able to recover the money it expected to receive under the contract.
A swap agreement can be a form of leverage, which can magnify the Fund’s gains or losses. The use of swaps can cause the Fund to be subject to additional regulatory requirements, which may generate additional Fund expenses. The Fund monitors any swaps with a view towards ensuring that the Fund remains in compliance with all applicable regulatory, investment and tax requirements.
General Limitations on Certain Futures, Options and Swap Transactions. The Manager with respect to the Fund intends to file a notice of eligibility for an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) and the National Futures Association (the “NFA”), which regulate trading in the futures markets. Pursuant to CFTC Regulation 4.5, the Manager and the Fund expect not to be subject to regulation as a commodity pool or commodity pool operator under the CEA. If the Manager or the Fund becomes subject to these requirements, as well as related NFA rules, the Fund may incur additional compliance and other expenses.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock or other equity security of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles its holder to receive interest that is generally paid or accrued on debt or a dividend that is paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible income securities in that they ordinarily provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities. The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure but are usually subordinated to comparable nonconvertible securities. Convertible securities may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument.
Many convertible securities have credit ratings that are below investment grade and are subject to the same risks as other below investment grade securities. Lower-rated debt securities involve greater risks than investment grade debt securities. Lower-rated debt securities may fluctuate more widely in price and yield and may fall in price during times when the economy is weak or is expected to become weak. The credit rating of a company’s convertible securities is generally lower than that of its non-convertible debt securities. Convertible securities are normally considered “junior” securities—that is, the company usually must pay interest on its non-convertible debt securities before it can make payments on its convertible securities. If the issuer stops paying interest or principal, convertible securities may become worthless and the Fund could lose its entire investment.
Zero Coupon and Paid-In-Kind (“PIK”) Bonds. The Fund may invest in zero coupon or PIK bonds. Because investors in zero coupon or PIK bonds receive no cash prior to the maturity or cash payment date applicable thereto, an investment in such securities generally has a greater potential for complete loss of principal and/or return than an investment in debt securities that make periodic interest payments. Such investments are more vulnerable to the creditworthiness of the issuer and any other parties upon which performance relies.
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Stressed and Distressed Investments. The Fund may invest in securities and other obligations of companies that involve significant financial or business distress, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. These securities may present a substantial risk of default, including the loss of the entire investment, or may be in default. Distressed securities include loans, bonds and notes, many of which are not publicly traded, and may involve a substantial degree of risk. In certain periods, there may be little or no liquidity in the markets for distressed securities meaning that the Fund may be unable to exit its position.
The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal of or interest on its portfolio holdings. In any investment opportunity involving any such type, there exists the risk that the contemplated transaction either will be unsuccessful, will take considerable time or will result in a distribution of cash or new securities, the value of which may be less than the purchase price paid by the Fund for the securities or other financial instruments in respect of which such distribution is received. Similarly, if an anticipated transaction does not in fact occur, the Fund may be required to sell its investment at a loss. The consummation of such transactions can be prevented or delayed by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to: (i) intervention of a regulatory agency; (ii) market conditions resulting in material changes in securities prices; (iii) compliance with any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or securities laws; and/or (iv) the inability to obtain adequate financing. Because there is substantial uncertainty concerning the outcome of transactions involving financially troubled companies in which the Fund invests, there is a potential risk of loss by the Fund of its entire investment in such companies.
Equity Securities. Equity securities in which the Fund may invest include common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities and warrants. This may include the equity securities of private equity sponsors. Common stocks and preferred stocks represent shares of ownership in a corporation. Preferred stocks usually have specific dividends and rank after bonds and before common stock in claims on assets of the corporation should it be dissolved. Increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a corporation’s stock price. Convertible securities are debt or preferred equity securities convertible into common stock. Usually, convertible securities pay dividends or interest at rates higher than common stock, but lower than other securities. Convertible securities usually participate to some extent in the appreciation or depreciation of the underlying stock into which they are convertible.
Preferred securities, which are a form of hybrid security (i.e., a security with both debt and equity characteristics), may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return. Preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities, however, unlike common stocks, participation in the growth of an issuer may be limited. Distributions on preferred securities are generally payable at the discretion of the issuer’s board and after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt securities. For this reason, the value of preferred securities will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt securities to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred securities of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than preferred securities of larger companies. Preferred securities may be less liquid than common stocks. Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer or omit distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. Preferred shareholders may have certain rights if distributions are not paid but generally have no legal recourse against the issuer and may suffer a loss of value if distributions are not paid. Generally, preferred shareholders have no voting rights with respect to the issuer unless distributions to preferred shareholders have not been paid for a stated period, at which time the preferred shareholders may elect a number of Trustees to the issuer’s board. Generally, once all the distributions have been paid to preferred shareholders, the preferred shareholders no longer have voting rights.
Warrants are options to buy a stated number of shares of common stock at a specified price anytime during the life of the warrants. Warrants and rights do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities that they entitle their holder to purchase, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. As a result, warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than certain other types of
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investments. In addition, the value of a warrant or right does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities. The Fund could lose the value of a warrant or right if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not exercised prior to the warrant’s or right’s expiration date. The market for warrants and rights may be very limited and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for warrants and rights.
Publicly Traded Equity Securities Risk. Stock markets are volatile, and the prices of equity securities fluctuate based on changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. Although common stocks have historically generated higher average total returns than fixed-income securities over the long-term, common stocks also have experienced significantly more volatility in those returns and, in certain periods, have significantly underperformed relative to fixed-income securities. Common stocks of companies that operate in certain sectors or industries tend to experience greater volatility than companies that operate in other sectors or industries or the broader equity markets. For example, publicly traded equity securities of private equity funds and private equity firms tend to experience greater volatility than other companies in the financial services industry and the broader equity markets. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of a particular common stock held by the Fund. A common stock may also decline due to factors which affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. The value of a particular common stock held by the Fund may decline for a number of other reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage, the issuer’s historical and prospective earnings, the value of its assets and reduced demand for its goods and services. Also, the prices of common stocks are sensitive to general movements in the stock market and a drop in the stock market may depress the price of common stocks to which the Fund has exposure. Common stock prices fluctuate for several reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or when political or economic events affecting the issuers occur. In addition, common stock prices may be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase. Common equity securities in which the Fund may invest are structurally subordinated to preferred stock, bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income and are therefore inherently more risky than preferred stock or debt instruments of such issuers.
Other Publicly Listed Securities. The Fund may make investments in publicly listed companies whose primary business is managing investments in private markets and in publicly traded vehicles whose primary purpose is to invest in or lend capital to privately held companies.
Publicly traded private markets investments generally involve publicly listed companies that pursue the business of private equity investing, including listed private equity companies, listed funds of funds, BDCs, special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs), alternative asset managers, holding companies, investment trusts, closed-end funds, financial institutions and other vehicles whose primary purpose is to invest in, lend capital to or provide services to privately held companies.
Publicly traded private markets funds are typically regulated vehicles listed on a public stock exchange that invest in private markets transactions or funds. Such vehicles may take the form of corporations, BDCs, unit trusts, publicly traded partnerships, or other structures, and may focus on mezzanine, infrastructure, buyout or venture capital investments.
Publicly traded private market investments may also include investments in publicly listed companies in connection with a privately negotiated financing or an attempt to exercise significant influence on the subject of the investment. Publicly traded private equity investments usually have an indefinite duration.
Publicly traded private market investments occupies a small portion of the private markets universe, including only a few professional investors who focus on and actively trade such investments. As a result, relatively little market research is performed on publicly traded private markets companies, only limited public data may be available regarding these companies and their underlying investments, and market pricing may
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significantly deviate from published net asset value. This can result in market inefficiencies and may offer opportunities to specialists that can value the underlying private markets investments.
Publicly traded private markets investments are typically liquid and capable of being traded daily, in contrast to direct investments and private equity funds, in which capital is subject to lengthy holding periods. Accordingly, publicly traded private markets transactions are significantly easier to execute than other types of private markets investments, giving investors an opportunity to adjust the investment level of their portfolios more efficiently.
Special Purpose Acquisition Companies. The Fund may invest in stock, warrants or other securities of SPACs or similar special purpose entities that pool funds to seek potential acquisition opportunities. Unless and until an acquisition is completed, a SPAC or similar entity generally maintains assets (less a portion retained to cover expenses) in a trust account comprised of U.S. Government securities, money market securities, and cash. If an acquisition is not completed within a pre-established period of time, the invested funds are returned to the entity’s shareholders.
Because SPACs and similar entities are essentially blank-check companies without an operating history or ongoing business other than seeking acquisitions, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity’s management to identify and complete a profitable acquisition. SPACs may allow shareholders to redeem their pro rata investment immediately after the SPAC announces a proposed acquisition, which may prevent the entity’s management from completing the transaction. Some SPACs may pursue acquisitions only within certain industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. In addition, SPACs may trade in the over-the-counter market and, accordingly, may be considered illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale.
Private Investments in Public Equity. The Fund, through the Secondary Investments, may invest in securities issued in PIPEs. A PIPE investment involves the sale of equity securities, or securities convertible into equity securities, in a private placement transaction by an issuer that already has outstanding, publicly traded equity securities of the same class.
Shares acquired in PIPEs are commonly sold at a discount to the current market value per share of the issuer’s publicly traded securities. Securities acquired in PIPEs generally are not registered with the SEC until after a certain period of time from the date the private sale is completed, which may be months and perhaps longer. PIPEs may contain provisions that require the issuer to pay penalties to the holder if the securities are not registered within a specified period. Until the public registration process is completed, securities acquired in PIPEs are restricted and, like investments in other types of restricted securities, may be illiquid. Any number of factors may prevent or delay a proposed registration. Prior to or in the absence of registration, it may be possible for securities acquired in PIPEs to be resold in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act. There is no guarantee, however, that an active trading market for such securities will exist at the time of disposition, and the lack of such a market could hurt the market value of the Fund’s investments. Even if the securities acquired in PIPEs become registered, or the Fund is able to sell the securities through an exempt transaction, the Fund may not be able to sell all the securities it holds on short notice and the sale could impact the market price of the securities.
Structured Solutions. The Fund may gain exposure to Venture and Growth Assets through preferred equity structures (“Structured Solutions”). Structured Solutions are self-originated transactions, in which the Fund invests cash in exchange for newly-issued preferred equity interests. Structured Solutions are intended to provide risk-adjusted return with downside protection.
Artificial Intelligence. Artificial intelligence refers to computer systems that can perform tasks that would otherwise require human intelligence and encompasses various different forms of artificial intelligence, including machine learning models. Artificial intelligence is typically designed to analyze data, learn from patterns and experiences, make decisions, and solve problems. Artificial intelligence can be categorized into two types:
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narrow artificial intelligence, which is designed for specific tasks, and general artificial intelligence, which has the ability to perform any intellectual task that a human can do and includes generative artificial intelligence (“GAI”). GAI is a type of artificial intelligence technology that produces new text, images, audio, and other content based on training data that includes examples of the desired output.
Typically, users enter questions, queries, or other inputs that prompt the GAI model or tool to produce output. In addition, some software uses GAI to suggest changes, summarize information, or translate text. Artificial intelligence has various applications in many fields such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and law.
The use of artificial intelligence in general may adversely impact markets, the overall performance of the Fund’s investments, or the services provided to the Fund by its service providers. The Manager, Lexington, FAV or a third party service provider may use and/or expand its use of artificial intelligence in connection with its business, operating and investment activities and the Fund’s investments may also use such technologies. Actual usage of such artificial intelligence will vary, and while the Manager, Lexington or FAV expects it and the third party service provider to the Fund may, from time to time, adopt and adjust usage policies and procedures governing the use of artificial intelligence by its personnel, there is a risk of misuse of artificial intelligence technologies.
Artificial intelligence is highly reliant on the collection and analysis of large amounts of data and complex algorithms, but it is not possible nor practicable to incorporate all data that would be relevant for a task conducted by artificial intelligence. Therefore, it is possible that the information provided through use of artificial intelligence could be insufficient, incomplete, inaccurate or biased leading to adverse effects for the Fund, including, potentially, operational errors and investment losses.
Artificial intelligence and its current and potential future applications, including in the investment and financial sectors, as well as the regulatory frameworks within which they operate, continue to rapidly evolve, and it is impossible to predict the full extent of future applications or regulations. Ongoing and future regulatory actions with respect to artificial intelligence generally or artificial intelligence’s use in any industry in particular may alter, perhaps to a materially adverse extent, the ability of the Manager, Lexington, FAV, a third-party service provider, the Fund or its investments to utilize artificial intelligence in the manner it has to-date, and may have an adverse impact on the ability of any of those entities to continue to operate as intended.
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Further Information Regarding Management of the Fund
Information regarding the Trustees and Officers of the Fund, including brief biographical information, is set forth below.
Board of Trustees
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Fund, including oversight of the Manager and each sub-adviser, is vested in the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board” or “Board of Trustees”). Each member of the Board of Trustees (each, a “Trustee”) shall hold office until his or her removal, resignation or successor is duly elected and qualifies.
The Trustees, their ages, their principal occupations during the past five years (their titles may have varied during that period), the number of investment companies or portfolios in the Fund Complex (defined below) that each Trustee oversees, and the other board memberships held by each Trustee is set forth below.
| Name, Address(1) |
Position(s) with |
Term of Office |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of |
Other | |||||
| INTERESTED TRUSTEE: |
||||||||||
| Jane E. Trust, CFA Birth Year: 1962 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer | Since Inception | Senior Vice President, Fund Board Management, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Officer and/or Trustee/Director of 119 funds associated with FTFA or its affiliates (since 2015); President and Chief Executive Officer of FTFA (since 2015); formerly, Senior Managing Director (2018 to 2020) and Managing Director (2016 to 2018) of Legg Mason & Co., LLC (“Legg Mason & Co.”); Senior Vice President of FTFA (2015) | Trustee/Director of Franklin Templeton funds consisting of 119 portfolios; Trustee of Putnam Family of Funds consisting of 105 portfolios | None | |||||
| NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES: |
||||||||||
| Robert D. Agdern Birth Year: 1950 |
Trustee and Member of Nominating, Audit, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Compliance Liaison | Since Inception | Member of the Advisory Committee of the Dispute Resolution Research Center at the Kellogg Graduate School of Business, Northwestern University (2002 to 2016); formerly, Deputy General Counsel responsible for western hemisphere matters for BP PLC (1999 to 2001); Associate General Counsel at Amoco Corporation responsible for corporate, chemical, and refining and marketing matters and special | 22 | None | |||||
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| Name, Address(1) |
Position(s) with |
Term of Office |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of |
Other | |||||
| assignments (1993 to 1998) (Amoco merged with British Petroleum in 1998 forming BP PLC) | ||||||||||
| Carol L. Colman Birth Year: 1946 |
Trustee and Member of Nominating, Audit and Compensation Committees, and Chair of Pricing and Valuation Committee | Since Inception | President, Colman Consulting Co. | 22 | None | |||||
| Anthony Grillo** Birth Year: 1955 |
Trustee and Member of Nominating, Audit, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees | Since Inception | Retired; Founder, Managing Director and Partner of American Securities Opportunity Funds (private equity and credit firm) (2006 to 2018); formerly, Senior Managing Director of Evercore Partners Inc. (investment banking) (2001 to 2004); Senior Managing Director of Joseph Littlejohn & Levy, Inc. (private equity firm) (1999 to 2001); Senior Managing Director of The Blackstone Group L.P. (private equity and credit firm) (1991 to 1999) | 22 | Director of Littelfuse, Inc. (electronics manufacturing) (since 1991); formerly, Director of Oaktree Acquisition Corp. II (2020 to 2022); Director of Oaktree Acquisition Corp. (2019 to 2021) | |||||
| Eileen A. Kamerick Birth Year: 1958 |
Chair and Member of Nominating, Compensation, Pricing and Valuation and Audit Committees | Since Inception | Chief Executive Officer, The Governance Partners, LLC (consulting firm) (since 2015); National Association of Corporate Directors Board Leadership Fellow (since 2016, with Directorship Certification since 2019) and NACD 2022 Directorship 100 honoree; Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University Law Center (since 2021); Adjunct Professor, The University of Chicago Law School (since 2018); Adjunct Professor, University of Iowa College of Law (since 2007); formerly, Chief Financial Officer, Press Ganey Associates (health care informatics company) (2012 to | 22 | Director, VALIC Company I (since October 2022); Director of ACV Auctions Inc. (since 2021); Director of Associated Banc-Corp (financial services company) (since 2007); formerly, Director of Hochschild Mining plc (precious metals company) (2016 to 2023); formerly, Trustee of AIG Funds and Anchor Series | |||||
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| Name, Address(1) |
Position(s) with |
Term of Office |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of |
Other | |||||
| 2014); Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer, Houlihan Lokey (international investment bank) and President, Houlihan Lokey Foundation (2010 to 2012) | Trust (2018 to 2021) | |||||||||
| Nisha Kumar Birth Year: 1970 |
Trustee and Member of Nominating, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Chair of Audit Committee | Since Inception | Formerly, Managing Director and the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of Greenbriar Equity Group, LP (2011-2021); formerly, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Rent the Runway, Inc. (2011); Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of AOL LLC, a subsidiary of Time Warner Inc. (2007 to 2009). Member of the Council on Foreign Relations | 22 | Director of Stonepeak-Plus Infrastructure Fund LP (since 2025); Director of Birkenstock Holding plc (since 2023); Director of The India Fund, Inc. (since 2016); formerly, Director of Aberdeen Income Credit Strategies Fund (2017 to 2018); and Director of The Asia Tigers Fund, Inc. (2016 to 2018) | |||||
| Peter Mason Birth Year: 1959 |
Trustee and Member of Nominating, Audit and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Chair of Compensation Committee | Since Inception | Arbitrator and Mediator (self-employed) (since 2021); formerly, Global General Counsel of UNICEF (intergovernmental organization) (1998-2021) | 22 | Chairman of University of Sydney USA Foundation (since 2020); and formerly Director of the Radio Workshop US, Inc. (2023-2026) | |||||
| Hillary A. Sale Birth Year: 1961 |
Trustee and Member of Audit, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Chair of Nominating Committee | Since Inception | Agnes Williams Sesquicentennial Professor of Leadership and Corporate Governance, Georgetown Law Center; and Professor of Management, McDonough School of Business (since 2018); formerly, Associate Dean for Strategy, Georgetown Law Center (2020-2023); National Association of Corporate Directors Board Faculty Member (since 2021); formerly, a Member of the Board of Governors of FINRA (2016-2022) | 22 | Director of CBOE U.S. Securities Exchanges, CBOE Futures Exchange, and CBOE SEF, Director (since 2022); Advisory Board Member of Foundation Press (academic book publisher) (since 2019); Chair of DirectWomen Board Institute (since 2019); formerly, Member of DirectWomen (nonprofit) (2007-2022) | |||||
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| * | Ms. Trust is an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act because she is an officer of the Manager and certain of its affiliates. |
| (1) | Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of the persons listed above is c/o Chair of the Board, Franklin Templeton, One Madison Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10010. |
| (2) | The term “Fund Complex” means two or more registered investment companies that: |
| (a) | hold themselves out to investors as related companies for purposes of investment and investor services; or |
| (b) | have a common investment adviser or that have an investment adviser that is an affiliated person of the investment adviser of any of the other registered investment companies. |
The Trustees were selected to join the Board based upon the following: his or her character and integrity; such person’s service as a board member of other funds in the Franklin Templeton fund complex; such person’s willingness to serve and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a Trustee; as to each Trustee other than Ms. Trust, his or her status as not being an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act; and, as to Ms. Trust, her role with Franklin Templeton. No factor, by itself, was controlling.
In addition to the information provided in the table included above, each Trustee possesses the following attributes: Mr. Agdern, experience in business and as a legal professional; Ms. Colman, experience as a consultant and investment professional; Mr. Grillo, experience as a managing director of a private equity and credit firm and experience in investment banking; Ms. Kamerick, experience in business and finance, including financial reporting, and experience as a board member of a highly regulated financial services company; Ms. Kumar, financial and accounting experience as the chief financial officer of other companies and experience as a board member of private equity funds; Mr. Mason, legal and managerial experience; Ms. Sale, experience as a college professor and experience as a board member for financial and corporate institutions; and Ms. Trust, investment management and risk oversight experience as an executive and portfolio manager and leadership roles within Franklin Templeton and affiliated entities. References to the qualifications, attributes and skills of the Trustees are pursuant to requirements of the SEC, do not constitute holding out of the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.
Responsibilities of the Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees is responsible under applicable state law for overseeing generally the management and operations of the Fund. The Trustees oversee the Fund’s operations by, among other things, meeting at its regularly scheduled meetings and as otherwise needed with the Fund’s management and evaluating the performance of the Fund’s service providers including the Manager, Lexington, FAV, the custodian and the transfer agent. As part of this process, the Trustees consult with the Fund’s independent auditors and with their own separate independent counsel.
The Trustees review the Fund’s financial statements, performance, net asset value and market price and the relationship between them, as well as the quality of the services being provided to the Fund. As part of this process, the Trustees review the Fund’s fees and expenses in light of the nature, quality and scope of the services being received while also seeking to ensure that the Fund continues to have access to high quality services in the future.
The Board of Trustees has four regularly scheduled meetings each year, and additional meetings may be scheduled as needed. In addition, the Board has a standing Audit Committee and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee (the “Nominating Committee”) that meet periodically and whose responsibilities are described below.
The Fund does not have a formal policy regarding attendance by Trustees at meetings of shareholders.
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The standing committees of the Board are the Audit Committee, the Nominating Committee, Compensation Committee and Pricing and Valuation Committee that meet periodically and whose responsibilities are described below.
Each of the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee is composed of all Trustees who have been determined not to be “interested persons” of the Fund, the Manager, Lexington, FAV or their affiliates within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and who are “independent” as defined in the New York Stock Exchange listing standards (“Independent Trustees”) and is chaired by an Independent Trustee. The Board in its discretion from time to time may establish ad hoc committees.
The Board of Trustees is currently comprised of eight trustees, seven of whom are Independent Trustees. Eileen Kamerick serves as Chair of the Board. Ms. Kamerick is an Independent Trustee. The appointment of Ms. Kamerick as Chair reflects the Board’s belief that her experience in business and finance, including financial reporting, and experience as a board member of a highly regulated financial services company, facilitates the efficient development of meeting agendas that address the Fund’s business, legal and other needs and the orderly conduct of board meetings. The Chair develops agendas for Board meetings and presides at all meetings of the Board. The Chair also leads executive sessions of the Independent Trustees, serves as a spokesperson for the Independent Trustees and serves as a liaison between the Independent Trustees and the Fund’s management between Board meetings. The Independent Trustees regularly meet outside the presence of management and are advised by independent legal counsel. The Board also has determined that its leadership structure, as described above, is appropriate in light of the size and complexity of the Fund, the number of Independent Trustees (who constitute a super-majority of the Board’s membership) and the Board’s general oversight responsibility. The Board also believes that its leadership structure not only facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from management, including Lexington and FAV, the Fund’s sub-advisers, but also enhances the independent and orderly exercise of its responsibilities.
Audit Committee
The Fund’s Audit Committee is composed entirely of all of the Independent Trustees: Mses. Colman, Kamerick, Kumar and Sale and Messrs. Agdern, Grillo and Mason. Ms. Kumar serves as the Chair of the Audit Committee and has been determined by the Board to be an “audit committee financial expert.” The principal functions of the Audit Committee are: to (a) oversee the scope of the Fund’s audit, the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls and enhance the quality and objectivity of the audit function; (b) approve, and recommend to the Independent Board Members (as such term is defined in the Audit Committee Charter) for their ratification, the selection, appointment, retention or termination of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, as well as approving the compensation thereof; and (c) approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the Fund and certain other persons by the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm.
Nominating Committee
The Fund’s Nominating Committee, the principal function of which is to select and nominate candidates for election as Trustees of the Fund, is composed of all of the Independent Trustees: Mses. Colman, Kamerick, Kumar and Sale and Messrs. Agdern, Grillo and Mason. Ms. Sale serves as the Chair of the Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee may consider nominees recommended by the shareholders as it deems appropriate. Shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send recommendations to the Fund’s Secretary that include all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for the election of Trustees. A recommendation must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board of Trustees and to serve if elected by the shareholders.
The Nominating Committee identifies potential nominees through its network of contacts, and in its discretion may also engage a professional search firm. The Nominating Committee meets to discuss and consider
21
such candidates’ qualifications and then chooses a candidate by majority vote. The Nominating Committee has not established specific qualities or skills that it regards as necessary for one or more of the Fund’s Trustees to possess (other than any qualities or skills that may be required by applicable law, regulation or listing standard). However, as set forth in the Nominating Committee Charter, in evaluating a person as a potential nominee to serve as a Trustee of the Fund, the Nominating Committee may consider the following factors, among any others it may deem relevant:
| • | whether or not the person is an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act and whether the person is otherwise qualified under applicable laws and regulations to serve as a Trustee of the Fund; |
| • | whether or not the person has any relationships that might impair his or her independence, such as any business, financial or family relationships with Fund management, the investment manager of the Fund, Fund service providers or their affiliates; |
| • | whether or not the person serves on boards of, or is otherwise affiliated with, competing financial service organizations or their related mutual fund complexes; |
| • | whether or not the person is willing to serve, and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of a Trustee of the Fund; |
| • | the contribution which the person can make to the Board and the Fund (or, if the person has previously served as a Trustee of the Fund, the contribution which the person made to the Board during his or her previous term of service), with consideration being given to the person’s business and professional experience, education and such other factors as the Committee may consider relevant; |
| • | the character and integrity of the person; and |
| • | whether or not the selection and nomination of the person would be consistent with the requirements of the Fund’s retirement policies. |
The Nominating Committee does not have a formal diversity policy with regard to the consideration of diversity in identifying potential trustee nominees but may consider diversity of professional experience, education and skills when evaluating potential nominees for Board membership.
Pricing and Valuation Committee
The Fund’s Pricing and Valuation Committee is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The members of the Pricing and Valuation Committee are Mses. Colman, Kamerick, Kumar and Sale and Messrs. Agdern, Grillo and Mason. Ms. Colman serves as Chair of the Fund’s Pricing and Valuation Committee. The principal function of the Pricing and Valuation Committee is to assist the Board with its oversight of the process for valuing portfolio securities in light of applicable law, regulatory guidance and applicable policies and procedures adopted by the Fund.
Compensation Committee
The Fund’s Compensation Committee is composed entirely of all of the Independent Trustees. The members of the Compensation Committee are Mses. Colman, Kamerick, Kumar and Sale and Messrs. Agdern, Grillo and Mason. Mr. Mason serves as Chair of the Fund’s Compensation Committee. The principal function of the Compensation Committee is to recommend the appropriate compensation of the Independent Trustees for their service on the Board and the committees of the Board.
Risk Oversight
The Board’s role in risk oversight of the Fund reflects its responsibility under applicable state law to oversee generally, rather than to manage, the operations of the Fund. In line with this oversight responsibility, the Board
22
receives reports and makes inquiry at its regular meetings and as needed regarding the nature and extent of significant Fund risks (including investment, compliance and valuation risks) that potentially could have a materially adverse impact on the business operations, investment performance or reputation of the Fund, but relies upon the Fund’s management (including the Fund’s portfolio managers) and Chief Compliance Officer, who reports directly to the Board, and the Manager to assist it in identifying and understanding the nature and extent of such risks and determining whether, and to what extent, such risks may be eliminated or mitigated. In addition to reports and other information received from Fund management and the Manager regarding the Fund’s investment program and activities, the Board as part of its risk oversight efforts meets at its regular meetings and as needed with the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer to discuss, among other things, risk issues and issues regarding the policies, procedures and controls of the Fund. The Board may be assisted in performing aspects of its role in risk oversight by the Audit Committee and such other standing or special committees as may be established from time to time by the Board. For example, the Audit Committee of the Board regularly meets with the Fund’s independent public accounting firm to review, among other things, reports on the Fund’s internal controls for financial reporting.
The Board believes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of relevant information and may be inaccurate or incomplete. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s risk management oversight is subject to substantial limitations.
Security Ownership of Management
The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities owned by the Trustees in the Fund and in other investment companies overseen by the Trustees within the same family of investment companies as of December 31, 2025, unless otherwise indicated below.
| Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by the Trustee in the Family of Investment Companies(1) |
||||||
| Non-Interested Trustees: |
||||||||
| Robert D. Agdern |
A | D | ||||||
| Carol L. Colman |
A | E | ||||||
| Anthony Grillo |
A | E | ||||||
| Eileen A. Kamerick |
A | E | ||||||
| Nisha Kumar |
A | E | ||||||
| Peter Mason |
A | E | ||||||
| Hillary A. Sale |
A | E | * | |||||
| Interested Trustee: |
||||||||
| Jane Trust |
A | E | ||||||
| Key: A: | none, B: $1-$10,000, C: $10,001-$50,000, D: $50,001-$100,000, E: over $100,000. |
| * | As of February 20, 2026. |
| (1) | The term “family of investment companies” means any two or more registered investment companies that share the same investment adviser or principal underwriter or hold themselves out to investors as related companies for purposes of investment and investor services. |
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As the Fund has not yet commenced investment operations, none of the Trustees or officers of the Fund, as a group, owned any Shares of the Fund as of the date of this SAI.
As to each Independent Trustee and his or her immediate family members, as of the date of this SAI, no person owns beneficially or of record securities of an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund, or a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund.
Compensation of Trustees
The members of the Board who are not “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, receive an annual fee, a fee for each meeting of the Board and committee meeting attended and are reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings. The Trustees who are “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, and the Fund’s officers do not receive compensation from the Fund or any other fund in the Fund Complex of which the Fund is a part that is a U.S. registered investment company, but are reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings.
Under the federal securities laws, the Fund is required to provide to shareholders information regarding compensation paid to the Trustees by the Fund, as well as by the various other investment companies advised by FTFA. The Trustees listed below are members of the Fund’s Audit, Nominating, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, as well as committees of the boards of certain other investment companies advised by FTFA. The following table sets forth the anticipated compensation to be paid to the Fund’s Independent Trustees for the Fund’s initial fiscal year. Accordingly, the expected amounts provided in the table include compensation for service on all such committees. The Fund does not provide any pension or retirement benefits to Trustees. In addition, no remuneration will be paid during the Fund’s initial fiscal year by the Fund to Ms. Trust who is an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act.
| Name of Trustee |
Aggregate Compensation from the Fund |
Total Compensation from the Fund and Fund Complex(2) |
||||||
| Non-Interested Trustees(1) |
||||||||
| Robert D. Agdern |
$ | 24,782 | $ | 366,000 | ||||
| Carol L. Colman |
$ | 25,121 | $ | 371,000 | ||||
| Anthony Grillo |
$ | 23,428 | $ | 346,000 | ||||
| Eileen A. Kamerick |
$ | 27,829 | $ | 411,000 | ||||
| Nisha Kumar |
$ | 26,136 | $ | 386,000 | ||||
| Peter Mason |
$ | 24,782 | $ | 366,000 | ||||
| Hillary A. Sale |
$ | 24,105 | $ | 356,000 | ||||
| (1) | Each Non-Interested Trustee currently holds 22 investment company directorships within this Fund Complex. |
| (2) | Total compensation paid from the Fund Complex to the Trustees is as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2025. |
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Officers of the Fund
The Fund’s executive officers are chosen each year at a regular meeting of the Board to hold office until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. In addition to Ms. Trust, the executive officers of the Fund currently are:
| Name, Address and Age |
Position(s) with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | |||
| Fred Jensen Franklin Templeton One Madison Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY 10010 Birth Year: 1963 |
Chief Compliance Officer |
Since Inception | Director—Global Compliance of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co. (2006 to 2020); Director of Compliance, Legg Mason Office of the Chief Compliance Officer (2006 to 2020); formerly, Chief Compliance Officer of Legg Mason Global Asset Allocation (prior to 2014); Chief Compliance Officer of Legg Mason Private Portfolio Group (prior to 2013); formerly, Chief Compliance Officer of The Reserve Funds (investment adviser, funds and broker-dealer) (2004) and Ambac Financial Group (investment adviser, funds and broker-dealer) (2000 to 2003) | |||
| Marc A. De Oliveira Franklin Templeton 100 First Stamford Place Stamford, CT 06902 Birth year: 1971 |
Secretary and Chief Legal Officer |
Since Inception | Associate General Counsel of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2020); Assistant Secretary of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2006); formerly, Managing Director (2016 to 2020) and Associate General Counsel of Legg Mason & Co. (2005 to 2020) | |||
| Thomas C. Mandia Franklin Templeton 100 First Stamford Place Stamford, CT 06902 Birth Year: 1962 |
Senior Vice President | Since Inception | Senior Associate General Counsel of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Secretary of FTFA (since 2006); Secretary of LM Asset Services, LLC (“LMAS”) (since 2002) and Legg Mason Fund Asset Management, Inc. (“LMFAM”) (since 2013) (formerly registered investment advisers); Assistant Secretary of certain funds in the fund complex (since 2006); formerly, Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel of Legg Mason & Co. (2005 to 2020) | |||
| Jeanne M. Kelly Franklin Templeton One Madison Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY 10010 Birth Year: 1951 |
Senior Vice President | Since Inception | U.S. Fund Board Team Manager, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Senior Vice President of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2007); Senior Vice President of FTFA (since 2006); President and Chief Executive Officer of LMAS and LMFAM (since 2015); formerly, Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co. (2005 to 2020); Senior Vice President of LMFAM (2013 to 2015) President of LMFAM (2013 to 2015) | |||
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| Name, Address and Age |
Position(s) with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | |||
| Christopher Berarducci Franklin Templeton One Madison Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY 10010 Birth year: 1974 |
Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer | Since Inception | Vice President, Fund Administration and Reporting, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Treasurer (since 2010) and Principal Financial Officer (since 2019) of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates; formerly, Managing Director (2020), Director (2015 to 2020), and Vice President (2011 to 2015) of Legg Mason & Co. |
Principal Owner of Shares
Prior to the public offering of the Shares, Franklin Resources purchased Shares from the Fund in an amount satisfying the net worth requirements of Section 14(a) of the 1940 Act, which requires the Fund to have a net worth of at least $100,000 prior to making a public offering. As of the date of this SAI, Franklin Resources owned 100% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares and therefore may be deemed to control the Fund until such time as it owns 25% or less of the Fund’s outstanding Shares, which is expected to occur upon the closing of this offering. The address of Franklin Resources is One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, California 94403-1906. Franklin Resources is organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Templeton.
Portfolio Management
The table below identifies the number of accounts (other than the Fund) for which the Fund’s portfolio managers have day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. For each category, the number of accounts and total assets in the accounts is also indicated as of March 31, 2026.
Lexington Portfolio Managers
| Portfolio Manager |
Type of Account | Number of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets Managed ($ millions)‡ |
Number of Accounts Managed for which a Management Fee is Charged |
Assets Managed for which Management Fee is Performance- Based ($ millions)‡ | |||||
| Matthew Hodan |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
1 | $1.73 billion | 1 | $1.73 billion | |||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | 102 | $73.74 billion | 35 | $65.54 billion | ||||||
| Other Accounts | None | None | None | None | ||||||
| Cullen Schannep |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
1 | $1.73 billion | 1 | $1.73 billion | |||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | 102 | $73.74 billion | 35 | $65.54 billion | ||||||
| Other Accounts | None | None | None | None | ||||||
| Clark Peterson |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
1 | $1.73 billion | 1 | $1.73 billion | |||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | 102 | $73.74 billion | 35 | $65.54 billion | ||||||
| Other Accounts | None | None | None | None |
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| Portfolio Manager |
Type of Account | Number of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets Managed ($ millions)‡ |
Number of Accounts Managed for which a Management Fee is Charged |
Assets Managed for which Management Fee is Performance- Based ($ millions)‡ | |||||
| Taylor Robinson |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
1 | $1.73 billion | 1 | $1.73 billion | |||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | 102 | $73.74 billion | 35 | $65.54 billion | ||||||
| Other Accounts | None | None | None | None | ||||||
| Robert Burgren |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
1 | $1.73 billion | 1 | $1.73 billion | |||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | 102 | $73.74 billion | 35 | $65.54 billion | ||||||
| Other Accounts | None | None | None | None |
| ‡ | Assets under management is based on the sum of reported value and unfunded commitments as of [ ] (based on underlying investment values of as [ ] for secondary funds and based on underlying investment values of as [ ] for CIP funds). |
FAV Portfolio Managers
| Portfolio Manager |
Type of Account | Number of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets Managed |
Number of Accounts Managed for which Advisory Fee is Performance- Based |
Assets Managed for which Management Fee is Performance- Based | |||||
| Peter Blue |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
None | None | None | None | |||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | 1 | $0.005 billion | None | None | ||||||
| Other Accounts | None | None | None | None | ||||||
| Laura Green |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
17 | $13.33 billion | None | None | |||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | 28 | $6.47 billion | None | None | ||||||
| Other Accounts | 256 | $5.41 billion | 2 | $0.08 billion |
Portfolio Manager Compensation
Lexington
Lexington’s investment professionals receive a base salary, benefits, and discretionary bonus linked to the professional’s and Lexington’s performance for the year. Lexington’s compensation packages of salary, benefits, and bonus are competitive with the compensation levels of other private equity sponsors.
Lexington also typically allocates carried interest participation in its funds to investment professionals.
FAV
Investment personnel compensation consists of the following three elements:
| • | Base salary: All investment personnel are paid a base salary. |
| • | Annual bonus: Annual bonuses are structured to align the interests of the investment personnel with those of our clients. Investment personnel are eligible to receive an annual bonus. Bonuses generally are split between cash, restricted shares of Franklin Resources, Inc. stock, and / or mutual fund units. The deferred equity-based compensation is structured to create a vested interest of the investment |
27
| personnel in the financial performance of both Franklin Resources, Inc. and the mutual funds they advise, if applicable. The bonus plan seeks to provide a competitive level of annual bonus compensation, commensurate with the investment personnel’s consistently strong investment performance. In accordance with Franklin Templeton guidelines, the Chief Investment Officer and/or other officers of the investment personnel who also bear responsibility for the account, have discretion in the granting of annual bonuses. The following factors are generally considered when determining bonuses: |
| • | Investment performance. Primary consideration is given to historical investment performance over the one, three, and five preceding years of all accounts managed by the investment personnel, if applicable. The pre-tax performance of each fund managed is measured relative to a relevant peer group and/or applicable benchmark, as appropriate. |
| • | Non-investment performance. The more qualitative contributions of an investment professional to the company’s business and the investment management team, including professional knowledge, productivity, responsiveness to client needs, and communication, are evaluated in determining the amount of any bonus award. |
| • | Responsibilities. The characteristics and complexity of accounts managed by the investment personnel are factored in the manager’s appraisal. |
| • | Research. Where the portfolio management team also has research responsibilities, each is evaluated on productivity and quality of recommendations over time. |
| • | Additional long-term, equity-based compensation: Investment personnel may also be awarded restricted shares or units of Franklin Resources stock or restricted shares or units of one or more mutual funds. Vesting of such deferred equity-based compensation awards is time-based over three years. |
Additionally, in some instances as applicable to specific fund types and asset classes, we offer investment professionals (employees that can affect investment performance) the opportunity to share in the carried interest/ performance fee revenues earned by the firm in the form of carried interest or performance fee sharing plans/agreements.
Investment personnel also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees of the investment manager.
Portfolio Manager Securities Ownership
As the Fund has not yet commenced investment operations, none of the Fund’s primary portfolio managers owned Shares as of the date of this SAI.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Fund’s Board has delegated proxy voting discretion to FTFA, Lexington and/or FAV, believing that FTFA, Lexington and/or FAV should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.
FTFA delegates the responsibility for voting proxies for the Fund to each of Lexington and FAV through the respective Sub-Advisory Agreement. Each of Lexington and FAV uses its own proxy voting policies and procedures to vote proxies. Accordingly, FTFA does not expect to have proxy voting responsibility for the Fund. Should FTFA become responsible for voting proxies for any reason, such as the inability of Lexington or FAV to provide investment advisory services, FTFA shall utilize the proxy voting guidelines established by Lexington or FAV, as applicable, to vote proxies until a new sub-adviser is retained. In the case of a material conflict between the interests of Lexington or FAV (or their respective affiliates if such conflict is known to persons responsible for voting at Lexington or FAV) and the Fund, Lexington or FAV, as applicable, shall consider how to address
28
the conflict and/or how to vote the proxies. FTFA shall maintain records of all proxy votes in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations, to the extent that Lexington or FAV votes proxies. Lexington or FAV, as applicable, shall be responsible for gathering relevant documents and records related to proxy voting from Lexington or FAV and providing them to the Fund as required for the Fund to comply with applicable rules under the 1940 Act.
FTFA’s proxy voting policy is attached as Appendix B-1 hereto. Lexington’s proxy voting policy is attached as Appendix B-2 hereto. FAV’s proxy voting policy is attached as Appendix B-3 hereto. Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies (if any) relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available without charge (1) by calling 888-777-0102, (2) on the Fund’s website at www.alternativesbyft.com and (3) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov on Form N-PX.
Codes of Ethics
Pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, the Fund, the Manager, Lexington and FAV have each adopted codes of ethics that permit their respective personnel to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by a Fund. All personnel must place the interests of clients first and avoid activities, interests and relationships that might interfere with the duty to make decisions in the best interests of the clients. All personal securities transactions by employees must adhere to the requirements of the codes and must be conducted in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest, the appearance of such a conflict, or the abuse of an employee’s position of trust and responsibility.
When personnel covered by the Fund’s Code of Ethics are employed by more than one of the managers affiliated with Franklin Templeton, those employees may be subject to such affiliate’s Code of Ethics adopted pursuant to Rule 17j-1, rather than the Fund’s Code of Ethics.
Copies of the Codes of Ethics of the Fund, the Manager, Lexington and FAV are on file with the SEC. These Codes of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information relating to the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Such materials are also available on EDGAR on the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov). You may also e-mail requests for these documents to publicinfo@sec.gov, or make a request in writing to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
29
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
The Fund does not have an obligation to deal with any brokers or dealers in the execution of transactions in portfolio securities. Subject to policy established by the Board, each of the Manager, Lexington and FAV is responsible for the Fund’s portfolio decisions and the placing of the Fund’s portfolio transactions in securities.
Portfolio securities normally will be purchased or sold from or to dealers serving as market makers for the securities at a net price, which may include dealer spreads and underwriting commissions. In placing orders, it is the policy of the Fund to obtain the best results taking into account the general execution and operational facilities of the broker or dealer, the type of transaction involved and other factors such as the risk of the broker or dealer in positioning the securities involved. While the Manager, Lexington and FAV generally seek the best price in placing its orders, the Fund may not necessarily be paying the lowest price available. Subject to seeking the best price and execution, securities firms which provide supplemental research to the Manager, Lexington and FAV may receive orders for transactions by the Fund. Information so received will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by the Manager, Lexington and FAV under the Fund’s Investment Management Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement, and the expenses of the Manager, Lexington and FAV will not necessarily be reduced as a result of the receipt of such supplemental information.
The Fund expects that all portfolio transactions in securities will be effected on a principal basis and, accordingly, does not expect to pay any brokerage commissions. To the extent the Fund does effect brokerage transactions, affiliated persons (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund, or affiliated persons of such persons, may from time to time be selected to perform brokerage services for the Fund, subject to the considerations discussed above, but are prohibited by the 1940 Act from dealing with the Fund as principal in the purchase or sale of securities. In order for such an affiliated person to be permitted to effect any portfolio transactions for the Fund, the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by such affiliated person must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold during a comparable period of time. This standard would allow such an affiliated person to receive no more than the remuneration which would be expected to be received by an unaffiliated broker in a commensurate arm’s-length transaction.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those for other funds and accounts advised or managed by the Manager, Lexington and FAV or their affiliates. Such other funds and accounts may also invest in the same securities as the Fund. When a purchase or sale of the same security is made at substantially the same time on behalf of the Fund and another fund or account, the transaction will be averaged as to price, and available investments allocated as to amount, in a manner which the Manager, Lexington and FAV believes to be equitable to the Fund and such other fund or account. In some instances, this investment procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the size of the position obtained or sold by the Fund. To the extent permitted by law, the Manager, Lexington and FAV may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Fund with those to be sold or purchased for other funds and accounts in order to obtain best execution.
30
CERTAIN ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
Persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an employee benefit plan or other arrangements or entities subject to the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) (an “ERISA Plan”), and persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an “individual retirement account” (an “IRA”), Keogh Plan or another arrangement or entity which is not subject to ERISA but is subject to the prohibited transaction rules of Section 4975 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) (together with ERISA Plans, “Benefit Plans”) should consider, among other things, the matters described below before determining whether to invest in the Fund.
The following discussion of certain ERISA considerations is based on statutory authority and judicial and administrative interpretations as of the date of this SAI and is designed only to provide a general understanding of certain basic issues. Accordingly, this discussion should not be considered legal advice and the trustees and other fiduciaries of each Benefit Plan are encouraged to consult their own legal advisors on these matters.
ERISA imposes certain general and specific responsibilities on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an ERISA Plan, including prudence, diversification, an obligation not to engage in a prohibited transaction and other standards. In determining whether a particular investment is appropriate for an ERISA Plan, U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”) regulations provide that a fiduciary of an ERISA Plan must give appropriate consideration to, among other things, the role that the investment plays in the ERISA Plan’s portfolio, taking into consideration whether the investment is designed reasonably to further the ERISA Plan’s purposes, an examination of the risk and return factors, the portfolio’s composition with regard to diversification, the liquidity and current return of the total portfolio relative to the anticipated cash flow needs of the ERISA Plan, the income tax consequences of the investment and the projected return of the total portfolio relative to the ERISA Plan’s funding objectives. Before investing the assets of an ERISA Plan in the Fund, a fiduciary should determine whether such an investment is consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities and the foregoing regulations. For example, a fiduciary should consider whether an investment in the Fund may be too illiquid or too speculative for a particular ERISA Plan, and whether the assets of the ERISA Plan would be sufficiently diversified. Fiduciaries of such plans or arrangements also should confirm that investment in the Fund is consistent, and complies, with the governing provisions of the plan or arrangement, including any eligibility and nondiscrimination requirements that may be applicable under law with respect to any “benefit, right or feature” affecting the qualified status of the plan or arrangement, which may be of particular importance for participant-directed plans given that the Fund sells Shares only to Eligible Investors, as described herein. If a fiduciary with respect to any such ERISA Plan breaches its responsibilities with regard to selecting an investment or an investment course of action for such ERISA Plan, the fiduciary itself may be held liable for losses incurred by the ERISA Plan as a result of such breach. Fiduciaries of Benefit Plans that are not subject to Title I of ERISA but that are subject to Section 4975 of the Code (such as IRAs and Keogh Plans) should consider carefully these same factors.
The DOL has adopted regulations, which, along with Section 3(42) of ERISA (collectively, the “Plan Assets Rules”), treat the assets of certain pooled investment vehicles as “plan assets” for purposes of, and subject to, Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code (“Plan Assets”). The Plan Assets Rules provide, however, that, in general, funds registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act are not deemed to be subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code merely because of investments made in the fund by Benefit Plans. Accordingly, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered to be the Plan Assets of the Benefit Plans investing in the Fund for purposes of ERISA’s (or the Code’s) fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules. Thus, the Manager, Lexington and FAV each will not be considered a fiduciary within the meaning of ERISA or the Code by reason of its authority with respect to the Fund.
The Fund will require a Benefit Plan (and each person causing such Benefit Plan to invest in the Fund) to represent that it, and any such fiduciaries responsible for such Benefit Plan’s investments (including in its individual or corporate capacity, as may be applicable), are aware of and understand the Fund’s investment objective, policies and strategies, that the decision to invest Plan Assets in the Fund was made with appropriate
31
consideration of relevant investment factors with regard to the Benefit Plan and is consistent with the duties and responsibilities imposed upon fiduciaries with regard to their investment decisions under ERISA and/or the Code.
Benefit Plans may be required to report certain compensation paid by the Fund (or by third parties) to the Fund’s service providers as “reportable indirect compensation” on Schedule C to IRS Form 5500 (“Form 5500”). To the extent that any compensation arrangements described herein constitute reportable indirect compensation, any such descriptions are intended to satisfy the disclosure requirements for the alternative reporting option for “eligible indirect compensation,” as defined for purposes of Schedule C to Form 5500.
The provisions of ERISA and the Code are subject to extensive and continuing administrative and judicial interpretation and review. The discussion of ERISA and the Code contained in this SAI is general, does not purport to be a thorough analysis of ERISA or the Code, may be affected by future publication of regulations and rulings and should not be considered legal advice. Potential investors that are Benefit Plans and their fiduciaries should consult their legal advisers regarding the consequences under ERISA and the Code of the acquisition and ownership of Shares. Employee benefit plans that are not subject to the requirements of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (such as governmental plans, non-U.S. plans and certain church plans) may be subject to similar rules under other applicable laws or documents, and also should consult their own advisers as to the propriety of an investment in the Fund.
By acquiring Shares of the Fund, a Shareholder acknowledges and agrees that: (i) any information provided by the Fund, the Manager, Lexington, FAV or any of their respective affiliates (including information set forth in the Prospectus and this SAI) is not a recommendation to invest in the Fund and that none of the Fund, the Manager, Lexington, FAV or any of their respective affiliates is undertaking to provide any investment advice to the Shareholder (impartial or otherwise), or to give advice to the Shareholder in a fiduciary capacity in connection with an investment in the Fund and, accordingly, no part of any compensation received by the Manager, Lexington or FAV or any of their affiliates is for the provision of investment advice to the Shareholder; and (ii) the Manager, Lexington or FAV and their affiliates have a financial interest in the Shareholder’s investment in the Fund on account of the fees and other compensation they expect to receive from the Fund as disclosed in this SAI, the Prospectus, the Declaration of Trust and the other documents governing the Fund.
32
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
Shareholders who beneficially own more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund may be deemed to be a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. As of [●], 2026, the Fund had not commenced investment operations and the only Shares of the Fund were owned by an affiliate of the Manager.
33
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Appendix C to this SAI provides financial information regarding the Fund. The Fund’s financial statements have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
34
APPENDIX A – SECURITIES RATING DESCRIPTIONS
The ratings of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings represent their opinions as to the quality of various debt obligations. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, debt obligations with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while debt obligations of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield. As described by the rating agencies, ratings are generally given to securities at the time of issuances. While the rating agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so.
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. Global Rating Scales
Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short- term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Moody’s defines credit risk as the risk that an entity may not meet its contractual financial obligations as they come due and any estimated financial loss in the event of default or impairment. The contractual financial obligations1 addressed by Moody’s ratings are those that call for, without regard to enforceability, the payment of an ascertainable amount, which may vary based upon standard sources of variation (e.g., floating interest rates), by an ascertainable date. Moody’s rating addresses the issuer’s ability to obtain cash sufficient to service the obligation, and its willingness to pay.2 Moody’s ratings do not address non-standard sources of variation in the amount of the principal obligation (e.g., equity indexed), absent an express statement to the contrary in a press release accompanying an initial rating.3 Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of eleven months or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment.4, 5 Moody’s issues ratings at the issuer level and instrument level on both the long- term scale and the short-term scale. Typically, ratings are made publicly available although private and unpublished ratings may also be assigned.6
Moody’s differentiates structured finance ratings from fundamental ratings (i.e., ratings on nonfinancial corporate, financial institution, and public sector entities) on the global long-term scale by adding (sf) to all structured finance ratings.7 The addition of (sf) to structured finance ratings should eliminate any presumption that such ratings and fundamental ratings at the same letter grade level will behave the same.
| 1 | In the case of impairments, there can be a financial loss even when contractual obligations are met. |
| 2 | In some cases the relevant credit risk relates to a third party, in addition to, or instead of the issuer. Examples include credit-linked notes and guaranteed obligations. |
| 3 | Because the number of possible features or structures is limited only by the creativity of issuers, Moody’s cannot comprehensively catalogue all the types of non-standard variation affecting financial obligations, but examples include equity indexed principal values and cash flows, prepayment penalties, and an obligation to pay an amount that is not ascertainable at the inception of the transaction. |
| 4 | For certain preferred stock and hybrid securities in which payment default events are either not defined or do not match investors’ expectations for timely payment, long-term and short-term ratings reflect the likelihood of impairment and financial loss in the event of impairment. |
| 5 | Debts held on the balance sheets of official sector institutions – which include supranational institutions, central banks and certain government-owned or controlled banks – may not always be treated the same as debts held by private investors and lenders. When it is known that an obligation is held by official sector institutions as well as other investors, a rating (short-term or long-term) assigned to that obligation reflects only the credit risks faced by non-official sector investors. |
| 6 | For information on how to obtain a Moody’s credit rating, including private and unpublished credit ratings, please see Moody’s Investors Service Products. Please note that Moody’s always reserves the right to choose not to assign or maintain a credit rating for its own business reasons. |
A-1
| 7 | Like other global scale ratings, (sf) ratings reflect both the likelihood of a default and the expected loss suffered in the event of default. Ratings are assigned based on a rating committee’s assessment of a security’s expected loss rate (default probability multiplied by expected loss severity), and may be subject to the constraint that the final expected loss rating assigned would not be more than a certain number of notches, typically three to five notches, above the rating that would be assigned based on an assessment of default probability alone. The magnitude of this constraint may vary with the level of the rating, the seasoning of the transaction, and the uncertainty around the assessments of expected loss and probability of default. |
The (sf) indicator for structured finance security ratings indicates that otherwise similarly rated structured finance and fundamental securities may have different risk characteristics. Through its current methodologies, however, Moody’s aspires to achieve broad expected equivalence in structured finance and fundamental rating performance when measured over a long period of time.
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Global Long-Term Ratings:
Aaa—Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa—Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A—Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa—Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba—Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B—Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa—Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca—Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C—Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*
| * | By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security. |
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Global Short-Term Ratings:
P-1—Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-2—Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term obligations.
A-2
P-3—Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s US Municipal Ratings:
U.S. Municipal Short-Term Debt and Demand Obligation Ratings:
Moody’s uses the global short-term Prime rating scale for commercial paper issued by US municipalities and nonprofits. These commercial paper programs may be backed by external letters of credit or liquidity facilities, or by an issuer’s self-liquidity.
For other short-term municipal obligations, Moody’s uses one of two other short-term rating scales, the Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) and Variable Municipal Investment Grade (VMIG) scales discussed below.
MIG Ratings:
Moody’s uses the MIG scale for US municipal cash flow notes, bond anticipation notes and certain other short-term obligations, which typically mature in three years or less. Under certain circumstances, Moody’s uses the MIG scale for bond anticipation notes with maturities of up to five years.
MIG 1—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
VMIG Ratings:
For variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), Moody’s assigns both a long-term rating and a short-term payment obligation rating. The long-term rating addresses the issuer’s ability to meet scheduled principal and interest payments. The short-term payment obligation rating addresses the ability of the issuer or the liquidity provider to meet any purchase price payment obligations resulting from optional tenders (“on demand”) and/or mandatory tenders of the VRDO. The short-term payment obligation rating uses the VMIG scale. Transitions of VMIG ratings with conditional liquidity support differ from transitions of Prime ratings reflecting the risk that external liquidity support will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.
For VRDOs, Moody’s typically assigns a VMIG rating if the frequency of the payment obligation is less than every three years. If the frequency of the payment obligation is less than three years, but the obligation is payable only with remarketing proceeds, the VMIG short-term rating is not assigned and it is denoted as “NR”. Industrial development bonds in the US where the obligor is a corporate may carry a VMIG rating that reflects Moody’s view of the relative likelihood of default and loss. In these cases, liquidity assessment is based on the liquidity of the corporate obligor.
VMIG 1—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.
A-3
VMIG 2—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short- term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.
VMIG 3—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.
SG—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have a sufficiently strong short-term rating or may lack the structural or legal protections.
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s National Scale Long-Term Ratings:
Moody’s long-term National Scale Ratings (NSRs) are opinions of the relative creditworthiness of issuers and financial obligations within a particular country. NSRs are not designed to be compared among countries; rather, they address relative credit risk within a given country. Moody’s assigns national scale ratings in certain local capital markets in which investors have found the global rating scale provides inadequate differentiation among credits or is inconsistent with a rating scale already in common use in the country.
In each specific country, the last two characters of the rating indicate the country in which the issuer is located or the financial obligation was issued (e.g., Aaa.ke for Kenya).
Long-Term NSR Scale
Aaa.n Issuers or issues rated Aaa.n demonstrate the strongest creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Aa.n Issuers or issues rated Aa.n demonstrate very strong creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
A.n Issuers or issues rated A.n present above-average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Baa.n Issuers or issues rated Baa.n represent average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Ba.n Issuers or issues rated Ba.n demonstrate below-average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
B.n Issuers or issues rated B.n demonstrate weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Caa.n Issuers or issues rated Caa.n demonstrate very weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Ca.n Issuers or issues rated Ca.n demonstrate extremely weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
C.n Issuers or issues rated C.n demonstrate the weakest creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
A-4
Description of S&P Global Ratings’ Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings:
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P Global Ratings’ analysis of the following considerations:
The likelihood of payment—the capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;
The nature and provisions of the financial obligation, and the promise S&P Global Ratings imputes; and
The protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of a bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.
An issue rating is an assessment of default risk but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
AAA—An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA—An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A—An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBB—An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C—Obligations rated “BB”, “B”, “CCC”, “CC”, and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BB—An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B—An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCC—An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC—An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
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C—An obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D—An obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within the next five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or the next 30 calendar days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
Ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
Description of S&P Global Ratings’ Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings:
A-1—A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2—A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3—A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B—A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C—A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D—A short-term obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period.
However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
Description of S&P Global Ratings’ Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings:
An S&P Global Ratings U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P Global Ratings’ opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt
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rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P Global Ratings’ analysis will review the following considerations:
Amortization schedule—the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and Source of payment—the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
SP-1—Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2—Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3—Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
D—“D” is assigned upon failure to pay the note when due, completion of a distressed debt restructuring, or the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions.
Long-Term Issuer Credit Ratings
| AAA | An obligor rated “AAA” has extremely strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. “AAA” is the highest issuer credit rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. |
| AA | An obligor rated “AA” has very strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. It differs from the highest- rated obligors only to a small degree. |
| A | An obligor rated “A” has strong capacity to meet its financial commitments but is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligors in higher-rated categories. |
| BBB | An obligor rated “BBB” has adequate capacity to meet its financial commitments. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments. |
BB, B, CCC, and CC Obligors rated “BB”, “B”, “CCC”, and “CC” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “CC” the highest. While such obligors will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
| BB | An obligor rated “BB” is less vulnerable in the near term than other lower-rated obligors. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments. |
| B | An obligor rated “B” is more vulnerable than the obligors rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments. |
| CCC | An obligor rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet its financial commitments. |
| CC | An obligor rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable. The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default. |
SD and D An obligor is rated “SD” (selective default) or “D” if S&P Global Ratings considers there to be a default on one or more of its financial obligations, whether long- or short-term, including rated and unrated
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obligations but excluding hybrid instruments classified as regulatory capital or in nonpayment according to terms. A “D” rating is assigned when S&P Global Ratings believes that the default will be a general default and that the obligor will fail to pay all or substantially all of its obligations as they come due. An “SD” rating is assigned when S&P Global Ratings believes that the obligor has selectively defaulted on a specific issue or class of obligations but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other issues or classes of obligations in a timely manner. A rating on an obligor is lowered to “D” or “SD” if it is conducting a distressed debt restructuring.
Ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
Short-Term Issuer Credit Ratings
| A-1 | An obligor rated “A-1” has strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. It is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. Within this category, certain obligors are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments is extremely strong. |
| A-2 | An obligor rated “A-2” has satisfactory capacity to meet its financial commitments. However, it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligors in the highest rating category. |
| A-3 | An obligor rated “A-3” has adequate capacity to meet its financial obligations. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments. |
| B | An obligor rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments. |
| C | An obligor rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment that would result in an “SD” or “D” issuer rating and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet its financial commitments. |
SD and D An obligor is rated “SD” (selective default) or “D” if S&P Global Ratings considers there to be a default on one or more of its financial obligations, whether long- or short-term, including rated and unrated obligations but excluding hybrid instruments classified as regulatory capital or in nonpayment according to terms. A “D” rating is assigned when S&P Global Ratings believes that the default will be a general default and that the obligor will fail to pay all or substantially all of its obligations as they come due. An “SD” rating is assigned when S&P Global Ratings believes that the obligor has selectively defaulted on a specific issue or class of obligations but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other issues or classes of obligations in a timely manner. A rating on an obligor is lowered to “D” or “SD” if it is conducting a distressed debt restructuring.
Description of S&P Global Ratings’ Dual Ratings:
Dual ratings may be assigned to debt issues that have a put option or demand feature. The first component of the rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second component of the rating addresses only the demand feature. The first component of the rating can relate to either a short-term or long-term transaction and accordingly use either short-term or long-term rating symbols. The second component of the rating relates to the put option and is assigned a short-term rating symbol (for example, “AAA/A-1+” or “A-1+/A-1”). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, the U.S. municipal short-term note rating symbols are used for the first component of the rating (for example, “SP-1+/A-1+”).
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Description of S&P Global Ratings’ Active Qualifiers:
S&P Global Ratings uses the following qualifiers that limit the scope of a rating. The structure of the transaction can require the use of a qualifier such as a “p” qualifier, which indicates the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only. A qualifier appears as a suffix and is part of the rating.
Federal deposit insurance limit: “L” qualifier. Ratings qualified with “L” apply only to amounts invested up to federal deposit insurance limits.
Principal: “p” qualifier. This suffix is used for issues in which the credit factors, the terms, or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of principal are different from the credit factors, terms, or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of interest on the obligation. The “p” suffix indicates that the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only and that the interest is not rated.
Preliminary ratings: “prelim” qualifier. Preliminary ratings, with the “prelim” suffix, may be assigned to obligors or obligations, including financial programs, in the circumstances described below. Assignment of a final rating is conditional on the receipt by S&P Global Ratings of appropriate documentation. S&P Global Ratings reserves the right not to issue a final rating. Moreover, if a final rating is issued, it may differ from the preliminary rating.
Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations, most commonly structured and project finance issues, pending receipt of final documentation and legal opinions.
Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations that will likely be issued upon the obligor’s emergence from bankruptcy or similar reorganization, based on late-stage reorganization plans, documentation, and discussions with the obligor. Preliminary ratings may also be assigned to the obligors. These ratings consider the anticipated general credit quality of the reorganized or post-bankruptcy issuer as well as attributes of the anticipated obligation(s).
Preliminary ratings may be assigned to entities that are being formed or that are in the process of being independently established when, in S&P Global Ratings’ opinion, documentation is close to final. Preliminary ratings may also be assigned to the obligations of these entities.
Preliminary ratings may be assigned when a previously unrated entity is undergoing a well-formulated restructuring, recapitalization, significant financing, or other transformative event, generally at the point that investor or lender commitments are invited. The preliminary rating may be assigned to the entity and to its proposed obligation(s). These preliminary ratings consider the anticipated general credit quality of the obligor, as well as attributes of the anticipated obligation(s), assuming successful completion of the transformative event. Should the transformative event not occur, S&P Global Ratings would likely withdraw these preliminary ratings.
A preliminary recovery rating may be assigned to an obligation that has a preliminary issue credit rating.
Termination structures: “t” qualifier. This symbol indicates termination structures that are designed to honor their contracts to full maturity or, should certain events occur, to terminate and cash settle all their contracts before their final maturity date.
Counterparty instrument rating: “cir” qualifier. This symbol indicates a counterparty instrument rating (CIR), which is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an issuer in a securitization structure with respect to a specific financial obligation to a counterparty (including interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and liquidity facilities). The CIR is determined on an ultimate payment basis; these opinions do not take into account timeliness of payment.
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Description of Fitch Ratings’ Corporate Finance Obligations:
Ratings of individual securities or financial obligations of a corporate issuer address relative vulnerability to default on an ordinal scale. In addition, for financial obligations in corporate finance, a measure of recovery given default on that liability is also included in the rating assessment. This notably applies to covered bonds ratings, which incorporate both an indication of the probability of default and of the recovery given a default of this debt instrument. On the contrary, ratings of debtor-in-possession (DIP) obligations incorporate the expectation of full repayment.
The relationship between the issuer scale and obligation scale assumes a generic historical average recovery. Individual obligations can be assigned ratings higher, lower, or the same as that entity’s issuer rating or Issuer Default Rating (IDR), based on their relative ranking, relative vulnerability to default or based on explicit Recovery Ratings.
As a result, individual obligations of entities, such as corporations, are assigned ratings higher, lower, or the same as that entity’s issuer rating or IDR, except DIP obligation ratings that are not based off an IDR. At the lower end of the ratings scale, Fitch publishes explicit Recovery Ratings in many cases to complement issuer and obligation ratings.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B: Highly Speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk. “CCC” ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk. “CC” ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C: Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk. “C” indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
The ratings of corporate finance obligations are linked to Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs) (or sometimes Viability Ratings for banks and non-bank financial institutions) by i) recovery expectations, including as often indicated by Recovery Ratings assigned in the case of low speculative grade issuers and ii) for banks and non-bank financial institutions an assessment of non-performance risk relative to the risk captured in the IDR or Viability Rating (e.g. in respect of certain hybrid securities).
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For performing obligations, the obligation rating represents the risk of default and includes the effect of expected recoveries on the credit risk should a default occur.
If the obligation rating is higher than the rating of the issuer, this indicates above average recovery expectations in the event of default. If the obligations rating is lower than the rating of the issuer, this indicates low expected recoveries should default occur.
Ratings in the categories of “CCC”, “CC” and “C” can also relate to obligations or issuers that are in default. In this case, the rating does not opine on default risk but reflects the recovery expectation only.
Description of Fitch Ratings’ Issuer Default Ratings:
Rated entities in a number of sectors, including financial and non-financial corporations, sovereigns, insurance companies and certain sectors within public finance, are generally assigned IDRs. IDRs are also assigned to certain entities or enterprises in global infrastructure, project finance and public finance. IDRs opine on an entity’s relative vulnerability to default (including by way of a distressed debt exchange) on financial obligations. The threshold default risk addressed by the IDR is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, IDRs also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts.
In aggregate, IDRs provide an ordinal ranking of issuers based on the agency’s view of their relative vulnerability to default, rather than a prediction of a specific percentage likelihood of default.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists that supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B: Highly Speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk. Very low margin for safety. Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very high levels of credit risk. Default of some kind appears probable.
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C: Near default. A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a “C” category rating for an issuer include:
The issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;
The issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation;
The formal announcement by the issuer or their agent of a distressed debt exchange;
A closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent
RD: Restricted Default. “RD” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch’s opinion has experienced:
An uncured payment default or distressed debt exchange on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation, but Has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure, and has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include:
| • | The selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; |
| • | The uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; |
| • | The extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; ordinary execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations. |
D: Default. “D” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch’s opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency’s opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer’s financial obligations or local commercial practice.
Description of Fitch Ratings’ Structured Finance Long-Term Obligation Ratings:
Ratings of structured finance obligations on the long-term scale consider the obligations’ relative vulnerability to default. These ratings are typically assigned to an individual security or tranche in a transaction and not to an issuer.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality.
“AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
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AA: Very High Credit Quality.
“AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality.
“A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality.
“BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative.
“BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time.
B: Highly Speculative.
“B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk.
Very low margin for safety. Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk.
Default of some kind appears probable.
C: Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk.
Default appears imminent or inevitable.
D: Default.
Indicates a default. Default generally is defined as one of the following:
Failure to make payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the rated obligation;
bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of the business of an issuer/obligor; or distressed exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation to avoid a probable payment default.
Description of Fitch Ratings’ Country Ceilings Ratings:
Country Ceilings are expressed using the symbols of the long-term issuer primary credit rating scale and relate to sovereign jurisdictions also rated by Fitch on the IDR scale. They reflect the agency’s judgment
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regarding the risk of capital and exchange controls being imposed by the sovereign authorities that would prevent or materially impede the private sector’s ability to convert local currency into foreign currency and transfer to non-resident creditors — transfer and convertibility (T&C) risk. They are not ratings but expressions of a cap for the foreign currency issuer ratings of most, but not all, issuers in a given country. Given the close correlation between sovereign credit and T&C risks, the Country Ceiling may exhibit a greater degree of volatility than would normally be expected when it lies above the sovereign Foreign Currency Rating.
Description of Fitch Ratings’ Sovereigns, Public Finance and Global Infrastructure Obligations:
Ratings of public finance obligations and ratings of infrastructure and project finance obligations on the long-term scale, including the financial obligations of sovereigns, consider the obligations’ relative vulnerability to default. These ratings are assigned to an individual security, instrument or tranche in a transaction. In some cases, considerations of recoveries can have an influence on obligation ratings in infrastructure and project finance. In limited cases in U.S. public finance, where Chapter 9 of the Bankruptcy Code provides reliably superior prospects for ultimate recovery to local government obligations that benefit from a statutory lien on revenues, Fitch reflects this in a security rating with limited notching above the IDR. Recovery expectations can also be reflected in a security rating in the U.S. during the pendency of a bankruptcy proceeding under the Code if there is sufficient visibility on potential recovery prospects.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time.
B: Highly Speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk. Very low margin for safety. Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk. Default of some kind appears probable.
C: Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk. Default appears imminent or inevitable.
D: Default. Indicates a default. Default generally is defined as one of the following:
Failure to make payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the rated obligation;
bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of the business of an issuer/obligor where payment default on an obligation is a virtual certainty; or distressed exchange of an
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obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation to avoid a probable payment default.
Notes: In U.S. public finance, obligations may be pre-refunded, where funds sufficient to meet the requirements of the respective obligations are placed in an escrow account. When obligation ratings are maintained based on the escrowed funds and their structural elements, the ratings carry the suffix “pre” (e.g. “AAApre”, “AA+pre”).
Structured Finance Defaults
Imminent default, categorized under “C”, typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.
Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation will typically be rated in the “C” category.
Structured Finance Write-downs
Where an instrument has experienced an involuntary and, in the agency’s opinion, irreversible write-down of principal (i.e. other than through amortization, and resulting in a loss to the investor), a credit rating of “D” will be assigned to the instrument. Where the agency believes the write-down may prove to be temporary (and the loss may be written up again in future if and when performance improves), then a credit rating of “C” will typically be assigned. Should the write-down then later be reversed, the credit rating will be raised to an appropriate level for that instrument. Should the write-down later be deemed as irreversible, the credit rating will be lowered to “D”.
Notes:
In the case of structured finance, while the ratings do not address the loss severity given default of the rated liability, loss severity assumptions on the underlying assets are nonetheless typically included as part of the analysis. Loss severity assumptions are used to derive pool cash flows available to service the rated liability.
The suffix “sf” denotes an issue that is a structured finance transaction.
Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates (EETCs) are corporate-structured hybrid debt securities that airlines typically use to finance aircraft equipment. Due to the hybrid characteristics of these bonds, Fitch’s rating approach incorporates elements of both the structured finance and corporate rating methodologies. Although rated as asset-backed securities, unlike other structured finance ratings, EETC ratings involve a measure of recovery given default akin to ratings of financial obligations in corporate finance, as described above.
Description of Fitch Ratings’ Short-Term Ratings Assigned to Issuers and Obligations:
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention
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(a long-term rating can also be used to rate an issue with short maturity). Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High Short-Term Default Risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted Default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
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APPENDIX B-1 – PROXY VOTING POLICY OF FRANKLIN TEMPLETON FUND ADVISER, LLC
FTFA delegates to each sub-adviser the responsibility for voting proxies for its funds, as applicable, through its contracts with each sub-adviser. Each sub-adviser may use its own proxy voting policies and procedures to vote proxies of the funds if the funds’ Board reviews and approves the use of those policies and procedures. Accordingly, FTFA does not expect to have proxy-voting responsibility for any of the funds.
Should FTFA become responsible for voting proxies for any reason, such as the inability of a sub-adviser to provide investment advisory services, FTFA shall utilize the proxy voting guidelines established by the most recent sub-adviser to vote proxies until a new sub-adviser is retained and the use of its proxy voting policies and procedures is authorized by the Board. In the case of a material conflict between the interests of FTFA (or its affiliates if such conflict is known to persons responsible for voting at FTFA) and any fund, the Board of Directors of FTFA shall consider how to address the conflict and/or how to vote the proxies. FTFA shall maintain records of all proxy votes in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations.
FTFA shall be responsible for gathering relevant documents and records related to proxy voting from each sub-adviser and providing them to the funds as required for the funds to comply with applicable rules under the Investment Company Act of 1940. FTFA shall also be responsible for coordinating the provision of information to the Board with regard to the proxy voting policies and procedures of each sub-adviser, including the actual proxy voting policies and procedures of each sub-adviser, changes to such policies and procedures, and reports on the administration of such policies and procedures.
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APPENDIX B-2 – PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES OF LEXINGTON ADVISORS LLC
| XXII | PROXY VOTING POLICY |
| A) | Introduction |
This Proxy Voting Policy (the “Voting Policy”) is designed to ensure that Lexington complies with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-6 and Rule 204-2(c)(2) under the Advisers Act, and reflects its commitment to vote all Client securities for which Lexington exercises voting authority in a manner consistent with the best interest of its Clients. Where appropriate, the term “Lexington” as used in this policy shall include affiliates of Lexington who have the authority to vote Client securities.
| B) | Voting Policies and Procedures |
Lexington monitors the performance, activities and events related to each Portfolio Investment.
When exercising its voting authority over Client securities, Lexington considers such information, evaluates other issues that could have an impact on the value of the security and votes with a view toward maximizing overall value. Lexington seeks to vote all proxies in a prudent manner, considering the prevailing circumstances at such time, and in a manner consistent with this Voting Policy and Lexington’s fiduciary duties to its Clients.
Lexington reviews each proposal submitted for a vote on a case-by-case basis to determine whether it is in the best interest of the Client. As a result, depending on each applicable Client’s particular circumstances, Lexington may vote one Client’s securities differently than it votes those of another Client, or may vote differently on various proposals, even though the securities or proposals are similar (or identical). In some instances, Lexington may determine that it is in a Client’s best interest for Lexington to “abstain” from voting or not to vote at all, and will do so accordingly.
When voting materials are received, the Lexington Person who is responsible for the investment reviews the current performance, activities and events related to the investment and ensures that Lexington receives all necessary voting materials. Upon review of such materials, the responsible Lexington Person determines how the securities should be voted. The Lexington Person responsible for the investment then ensures that the voting materials are completed and returned on time (unless it has been decided that it is in the Client’s best interests for Lexington not to vote on such matter).
| C) | Conflicts |
Compliance has the responsibility to monitor votes for any conflicts of interest, regardless of whether they are actual or perceived. All Lexington Persons are expected to perform their tasks relating to voting Client securities in accordance with the principles set forth above, according the first priority to the best interest of the relevant Client. If at any time any Lexington Person becomes aware of any potential or actual conflict of interest or perceived conflict of interest regarding any particular voting decision, he or she should contact Compliance. If any Lexington Person is pressured or lobbied either from within or outside of Lexington with respect to any particular voting decision, he or she should contact Compliance.
Prior to exercising its voting authority, Lexington reviews the relevant facts and determines whether a material conflict of interest may exist or arise due to business, personal or family relationships of Lexington, its owners, its employees or other Lexington Persons or its affiliates, with persons having an interest in the outcome of the vote. If a material conflict exists, Lexington takes steps to ensure that its voting decision is based on the best interests of the Client and is not a product of the conflict. Lexington may, at its discretion, (A) seek the advice of the applicable Fund’s Advisory Board in voting such security; (B) disclose the conflict of interest to the Client (including to a Fund’s Advisory Board) and either ask for its consent to Lexington’s proposed vote or defer to its
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voting recommendation; (C) defer to the voting recommendation of an independent third-party provider of proxy voting services; and/or (D) take such other action in good faith (in consultation with Lexington’s outside counsel, if appropriate) as would serve the best interest of the Client.
Depending on the particular circumstances involved, the appropriate resolution of one conflict of interest may differ from the resolution of another conflict of interest, even though the general facts underlying both conflicts may be similar (or identical).
In the event that Lexington retains independent fiduciaries, consultants or professionals to assist with voting decisions and/or delegates such voting or consent power to such fiduciaries, consultants or professionals, Compliance will follow the procedures below regarding third-party accountability to the Clients:
| • | Ascertain whether the third party has the capacity and competency to adequately analyze proxy issues; |
| • | Assess the adequacy and quality of the third party’s staffing and personnel and its policies and procedures with regard to identifying and addressing conflicts of interest and ensuring that its proxy voting recommendations are based on current and accurate information; and |
| • | Adopt ongoing oversight policies designed to ensure that the third party continues to vote proxies in the best interest of the Clients. |
| D) | Disclosure Information |
Investors may obtain a copy of this Voting Policy (subject to the provision that this Voting Policy is subject to change at any time without notice) or additional information regarding how Lexington has voted any of a Client’s securities by contacting:
Thomas Giannetti
c/o Lexington Partners
399 Park Avenue, 20th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Telephone: (212) 754-0411
tgiannetti@lexpartners.com
OR
Jason Kahn
c/o Lexington Partners
399 Park Avenue, 20th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Telephone: (212) 754-0411
jpkahn@lexpartners.com
OR
Elizabeth Richards
c/o Lexington Partners
399 Park Avenue, 20th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Telephone: (212) 754-0411
elrichards@lexpartners.com
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| E) | Recordkeeping |
Lexington is responsible for maintaining appropriate voting records in connection with the voting of Client securities. These records shall include:
| • | A copy of this Voting Policy and all amendments thereto; |
| • | A copy of each set of voting materials that Lexington receives regarding Client securities, provided that Lexington may rely on proxy statements filed via the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system instead of keeping copies of such proxy statements; |
| • | A record of each vote cast by Lexington on behalf of a Client; |
| • | A copy of any document created by Lexington that was material to its voting decision on behalf of a Client or that memorializes the basis for that decision; |
| • | A copy of each written Client request for information on how Lexington voted the securities on behalf of a Client and a copy of Lexington’s written response to all Client requests (written or oral) for such information; and |
| • | A record of any vote cast in conflict with a stated policy, and the rationale therefore. |
The foregoing records will be maintained for such period of time as is required to comply with applicable laws and regulations.
Responsible Party: Compliance and Investment Professionals
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APPENDIX B-3 – PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES OF FRANKLIN ADVISERS, INC.
|
March 2024 | |||
| FRANKLIN TEMPLETON INVESTMENT SOLUTIONS Proxy Voting Policies & Procedures An SEC Compliance Rule Policy and Procedures* |
Appendix A
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE INVESTMENT MANAGERS TO VOTE PROXIES
Franklin Templeton Investment Solutions, a separate investment group within Franklin Templeton, comprised of investment personnel from the SEC-registered investment advisers listed on Appendix A (hereinafter individually an “Investment Manager” and collectively the “Investment Managers”) have delegated the administrative duties with respect to voting proxies for securities to the Franklin Templeton Proxy Group. Proxy duties consist of disseminating proxy materials and analyses of issuers whose stock is owned by any client (including both investment companies and any separate accounts managed by the Investment Managers) that has either delegated proxy voting administrative responsibility to the Investment Managers or has asked for information and/or recommendations on the issues to be voted. The Investment Managers will inform advisory clients that have not delegated the voting responsibility but that have requested voting advice about the Investment Managers’ views on such proxy votes. The Proxy Group also provides these services to other advisory affiliates of the Investment Managers.
The Proxy Group will process proxy votes on behalf of, and the Investment Managers vote proxies solely in the best interests of, separate account clients, the Investment Managers’-managed investment company shareholders, or shareholders of funds that have appointed Franklin Templeton International Services S.à.r.l. (“FTIS S.à.r.l.”) as the Management Company, provided such funds or clients have properly delegated such responsibility in writing, or, where employee benefit plan assets subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, are involved (“ERISA accounts”), in the best interests of the plan participants and beneficiaries (collectively, “Advisory Clients”), unless (i) the power to vote has been specifically retained by the named fiduciary in the documents in which the named fiduciary appointed the Investment Managers or (ii) the documents otherwise expressly prohibit the Investment Managers from voting proxies. The Investment Managers recognize that the exercise of voting rights on securities held by ERISA plans for which the Investment Managers have voting responsibility is a fiduciary duty that must be exercised with care, skill, prudence and diligence.
In certain circumstances, Advisory Clients are permitted to direct their votes in a solicitation pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement. An Advisory Client that wishes to direct its vote shall give reasonable prior written notice to the Investment Managers indicating such intention and provide written instructions directing the Investment Managers or the Proxy Group to vote regarding the solicitation. Where such prior written notice is received, the Proxy Group will vote proxies in accordance with such written notification received from the Advisory Client.
The Investment Managers have adopted and implemented Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Proxy Policies”) that they believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of Advisory Clients in accordance with their fiduciary duties and rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. To the extent that the Investment Managers have a subadvisory agreement with an affiliated investment manager (the “Affiliated Subadviser”) with respect to a particular Advisory Client, the Investment Managers may delegate proxy voting responsibility to the Affiliated Subadviser. The Investment Managers may also delegate Rule 38a-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”) and Rule 206(4)-7 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”) (together the Compliance Rule”) require registered investment companies and registered investment advisers to, among other things, adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violations of the federal securities laws (“Compliance Rule Policies and Procedures”).
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The Investment Managers may also delegate proxy voting responsibility to a subadviser that is not an Affiliated Subadviser in certain limited situations as disclosed to fund shareholders (e.g., where an Investment Manager to a pooled investment vehicle has engaged a subadviser that is not an Affiliated Subadviser to manage all or a portion of the assets).
HOW THE INVESTMENT MANAGERS VOTE PROXIES
Proxy Services
All proxies received by the Proxy Group will be voted based upon the Investment Managers’ instructions and/or policies. To assist it in analyzing proxies of equity securities, the Investment Managers subscribe to Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”), an unaffiliated third-party corporate governance research service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas and vote recommendations. In addition, the Investment Managers subscribe to ISS’s Proxy Voting Service and Vote Disclosure Service. These services include receipt of proxy ballots, custodian bank relations, account maintenance, vote execution, ballot reconciliation, vote record maintenance, comprehensive reporting capabilities, and vote disclosure services. Also, the Investment Managers subscribe to Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC (“Glass Lewis”), an unaffiliated third-party analytical research firm, to receive analyses and vote recommendations on the shareholder meetings of publicly held U.S. companies, as well as a limited subscription to its international research.
| * | Rule 38a-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”) and Rule 206(4)-7 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”) (together the Compliance Rule”) require registered investment companies and registered investment advisers to, among other things, adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violations of the federal securities laws (“Compliance Rule Policies and Procedures”). |
Although analyses provided by ISS, Glass Lewis, and/or another independent third-party proxy service provider (each a “Proxy Service”) are thoroughly reviewed and considered in making a final voting decision, the Investment Managers do not consider recommendations from a Proxy Service or any third-party to be determinative of the Investment Managers’ ultimate decision. Rather, the Investment Managers exercise their independent judgment in making voting decisions. As a matter of policy, the officers, directors and employees of the Investment Managers and the Proxy Group will not be influenced by outside sources whose interests conflict with the interests of Advisory Clients.
For ease of reference, the Proxy Policies often refer to all Advisory Clients. However, our processes and practices seek to ensure that proxy voting decisions are suitable for individual Advisory Clients. In some cases, the Investment Managers’ evaluation may result in an individual Advisory Client or Investment Manager voting differently, depending upon the nature and objective of the fund or account, the composition of its portfolio, whether the Investment Manager has adopted a specialty or custom voting policy, and other factors.
Conflicts of Interest
All conflicts of interest will be resolved in the best interests of the Advisory Clients. The Investment Managers are affiliates of a large, diverse financial services firm with many affiliates and makes its best efforts to mitigate conflicts of interest. However, as a general matter, the Investment Managers take the position that relationships between certain affiliates that do not use the “Franklin Templeton” name (“Independent Affiliates”) and an issuer (e.g., an investment management relationship between an issuer and an Independent Affiliate) do not present a conflict of interest for an Investment Manager in voting proxies with respect to such issuer because: (i) the Investment Managers operate as an independent business unit from the Independent Affiliate business units, and (ii) informational barriers exist between the Investment Managers and the Independent Affiliate business units.
Material conflicts of interest could arise in a variety of situations, including as a result of the Investment Managers’ or an affiliate’s (other than an Independent Affiliate as described above): (i) material business relationship with an issuer or proponent, (ii) direct or indirect pecuniary interest in an issuer or proponent; or (iii) significant personal or family relationship with an issuer or proponent. Material conflicts of interest are
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identified by the Proxy Group based upon analyses of client, distributor, broker dealer, and vendor lists, information periodically gathered from directors and officers, and information derived from other sources, including public filings. The Proxy Group gathers and analyzes this information on a best-efforts basis, as much of this information is provided directly by individuals and groups other than the Proxy Group, and the Proxy Group relies on the accuracy of the information it receives from such parties.
Nonetheless, even though a potential conflict of interest between the Investment Managers or an affiliate (other than an Independent Affiliate as described above) and an issuer may exist: (1) the Investment Managers may vote in opposition to the recommendations of an issuer’s management even if contrary to the recommendations of a third-party proxy voting research provider; (2) if management has made no recommendations, the Proxy Group may defer to the voting instructions of the Investment Managers; and (3) with respect to shares held by Franklin Resources, Inc. or its affiliates for their own corporate accounts, such shares may be voted without regard to these conflict procedures.
Otherwise, in situations where a material conflict of interest is identified between the Investment Managers or one of its affiliates (other than Independent Affiliates) and an issuer, the Proxy Group may vote consistent with the voting recommendation of a Proxy Service or send the proxy directly to the relevant Advisory Clients with the Investment Managers’ recommendation regarding the vote for approval. To address certain affiliate conflict situations, the Investment Managers will employ pass-through voting or mirror voting when required pursuant to a fund’s governing documents or applicable law.
Where the Proxy Group refers a matter to an Advisory Client, it may rely upon the instructions of a representative of the Advisory Client, such as the board of directors or trustees, a committee of the board, or an appointed delegate in the case of a U.S. registered investment company, a conducting officer in the case of a fund that has appointed FTIS S.à.r.l as its Management Company, the Independent Review Committee for Canadian investment funds, or a plan administrator in the case of an employee benefit plan. A quorum of the board of directors or trustees or of a committee of the board can be reached by a majority of members, or a majority of non-recused members. The Proxy Group may determine to vote all shares held by Advisory Clients of the Investment Managers and affiliated Investment Managers (other than Independent Affiliates) in accordance with the instructions of one or more of the Advisory Clients.
The Investment Managers may also decide whether to vote proxies for securities deemed to present conflicts of interest that are sold following a record date, but before a shareholder meeting date. The Investment Managers may consider various factors in deciding whether to vote such proxies, including the Investment Managers’ long-term view of the issuer’s securities for investment, or it may defer the decision to vote to the applicable Advisory Client. The Investment Managers also may be unable to vote, or choose not to vote, a proxy for securities deemed to present a conflict of interest for any of the reasons outlined in the first paragraph of the section of these policies entitled “Proxy Procedures.”
Weight Given Management Recommendations
One of the primary factors the Investment Managers consider when determining the desirability of investing in a particular company is the quality and depth of that company’s management. Accordingly, the recommendation of management on any issue is a factor that the Investment Managers consider in determining how proxies should be voted. However, the Investment Managers do not consider recommendations from management to be determinative of the Investment Managers’ ultimate decision. Each issue is considered on its own merits, and the Investment Managers will not support the position of a company’s management in any situation where it determines that the ratification of management’s position would adversely affect the investment merits of owning that company’s shares.
Engagement with Issuers
The Investment Managers believe that engagement with issuers is important to good corporate governance and to assist in making proxy voting decisions. The Investment Managers may engage with issuers to discuss specific
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ballot items to be voted on in advance of an annual or special meeting to obtain further information or clarification on the proposals. The Investment Managers may also engage with management on a range of environmental, social or corporate governance issues throughout the year.
THE PROXY GROUP
The Proxy Group is part of Franklin Templeton’s Stewardship Team. Full-time staff members and support staff are devoted to proxy voting administration and oversight and providing support and assistance where needed. On a daily basis, the Proxy Group will review each proxy upon receipt as well as any agendas, materials and recommendations that they receive from a Proxy Service or other sources. The Proxy Group maintains a record of all shareholder meetings that are scheduled for companies whose securities are held by the Investment Managers’ managed funds and accounts. For each shareholder meeting, a member of the Proxy Group will consult with the research analyst that follows the security and provide the analyst with the agenda, analyses of one or more Proxy Services, recommendations and any other information provided to the Proxy Group. Except in situations identified as presenting material conflicts of interest, the Investment Managers’ research analyst and relevant portfolio manager(s) are responsible for making the final voting decision based on their review of the agenda, analyses of one or more Proxy Services, proxy statements, their knowledge of the company and any other information publicly available.
In situations where the Investment Managers have not responded with vote recommendations to the Proxy Group by the deadline date, the Proxy Group may vote consistent with the vote recommendations of a Proxy Service. Except in cases where the Proxy Group is voting consistent with the voting recommendation of a Proxy Service, the Proxy Group must obtain voting instructions from the Investment Managers’ research analysts, relevant portfolio manager(s), legal counsel and/or the Advisory Client prior to submitting the vote. In the event that an account holds a security that an Investment Manager did not purchase on its behalf, and the Investment Manager does not normally consider the security as a potential investment for other accounts, the Proxy Group may vote consistent with the voting recommendations of a Proxy Service or take no action on the meeting.
PROXY ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURES
Situations Where Proxies Are Not Voted
The Proxy Group is fully cognizant of its responsibility to process proxies and maintain proxy records as may be required by relevant rules and regulations. In addition, the Investment Managers understand their fiduciary duty to vote proxies and that proxy voting decisions may affect the value of shareholdings. Therefore, the Investment Managers will generally attempt to process every proxy they receive for all domestic and foreign securities.
However, there may be situations in which the Investment Managers may be unable to successfully vote a proxy, or may choose not to vote a proxy, such as where: (i) a proxy ballot was not received from the custodian bank; (ii) a meeting notice was received too late; (iii) there are fees imposed upon the exercise of a vote and it is determined that such fees outweigh the benefit of voting; (iv) there are legal encumbrances to voting, including blocking restrictions in certain markets that preclude the ability to dispose of a security if an Investment Manager votes a proxy or where the Investment Manager is prohibited from voting by applicable law, economic or other sanctions, or other regulatory or market requirements, including but not limited to, effective Powers of Attorney; (v) additional documentation or the disclosure of beneficial owner details is required; (vi) the Investment Managers held shares on the record date but has sold them prior to the meeting date; (vii) the Advisory Client held shares on the record date, but the Advisory Client closed the account prior to the meeting date; (viii) a proxy voting service is not offered by the custodian in the market; (ix) due to either system error or human error, the Investment Managers’ intended vote is not correctly submitted; (x) the Investment Managers believe it is not in the best interest of the Advisory Client to vote the proxy for any other reason not enumerated herein; or (xi) a security is subject to a securities lending or similar program that has transferred legal title to the security to another person.
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Rejected Votes
Even if the Investment Managers use reasonable efforts to vote a proxy on behalf of their Advisory Clients, such vote or proxy may be rejected because of (a) operational or procedural issues experienced by one or more third parties involved in voting proxies in such jurisdictions; (b) changes in the process or agenda for the meeting by the issuer for which the Investment Managers do not have sufficient notice; or (c) the exercise by the issuer of its discretion to reject the vote of the Investment Managers. In addition, despite the best efforts of the Proxy Group and its agents, there may be situations where the Investment Managers’ votes are not received, or properly tabulated, by an issuer or the issuer’s agent.
Securities on Loan
The Investment Managers or their affiliates may, on behalf of one or more of the proprietary registered investment companies advised by the Investment Managers or their affiliates, make efforts to recall any security on loan where the Investment Manager or its affiliates (a) learn of a vote on an event that may materially affect a security on loan and (b) determine that it is in the best interests of such proprietary registered investment companies to recall the security for voting purposes. The ability to timely recall shares is not entirely within the control of the Investment Managers. Under certain circumstances, the recall of shares in time for such shares to be voted may not be possible due to applicable proxy voting record dates or other administrative considerations.
Split Voting
There may be instances in certain non-U.S. markets where split voting is not allowed. Split voting occurs when a position held within an account is voted in accordance with two differing instructions. Some markets and/or issuers only allow voting on an entire position and do not accept split voting. In certain cases, when more than one Franklin Templeton investment manager has accounts holding shares of an issuer that are held in an omnibus structure, the Proxy Group will seek direction from an appropriate representative of the Advisory Client with multiple Investment Managers (such as a conducting officer of the Management Company in the case of a SICAV), or the Proxy Group will submit the vote based on the voting instructions provided by the Investment Manager with accounts holding the greatest number of shares of the security within the omnibus structure.
Bundled Items
If several issues are bundled together in a single voting item, the Investment Managers will assess the total benefit to shareholders and the extent that such issues should be subject to separate voting proposals.
PROCEDURES FOR MEETINGS INVOLVING FIXED INCOME SECURITIES & PRIVATELY HELD ISSUERS
From time to time, certain custodians may process events for fixed income securities through their proxy voting channels rather than corporate action channels for administrative convenience. In such cases, the Proxy Group will receive ballots for such events on the ISS voting platform. The Proxy Group will solicit voting instructions from the Investment Managers for each account or fund involved. If the Proxy Group does not receive voting instructions from the Investment Managers, the Proxy Group will take no action on the event. The Investment Managers may be unable to vote a proxy for a fixed income security, or may choose not to vote a proxy, for the reasons described under the section entitled “Proxy Procedures.”
In the rare instance where there is a vote for a privately held issuer, the decision will generally be made by the relevant portfolio managers or research analysts.
The Proxy Group will monitor such meetings involving fixed income securities or privately held issuers for conflicts of interest in accordance with these procedures. If a fixed income or privately held issuer is flagged as a potential conflict of interest, the Investment Managers may nonetheless vote as it deems in the best interests of its Advisory Clients. The Investment Managers will report such decisions on an annual basis to Advisory Clients as may be required.
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Appendix A
These Proxy Policies apply to accounts managed by personnel within Franklin Templeton Investment Solutions, which includes the following Investment Managers:
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (FAV)
Franklin Advisory Services, LLC (FASL)
Franklin Mutual Advisers LLC (FMA)
Franklin Templeton Investments Corp. (FTIC)
Franklin Templeton Investment Management Limited (FTIML)
Templeton Asset Management Ltd. (TAML)
The following Proxy Policies apply to FAV, FMA, FTIC, FTIML, and TAML only:
HOW THE INVESTMENT MANAGERS VOTE PROXIES
Proxy Services
Certain of the Investment Managers’ separate accounts or funds (or a portion thereof) are included under Franklin Templeton Investment Solutions (“FTIS”), a separate investment group within Franklin Templeton, and employ a quantitative strategy.
For such accounts, FTIS’s proprietary methodologies rely on a combination of quantitative, qualitative, and behavioral analysis rather than fundamental security research and analyst coverage that an actively managed portfolio would ordinarily employ. Accordingly, absent client direction, in light of the high number of positions held by such accounts and the considerable time and effort that would be required to review proxy statements and ISS or Glass Lewis recommendations, the Investment Manager may review ISS’s non-US Benchmark guidelines, ISS’s specialty guidelines (in particular, ISS’s Sustainability guidelines), or Glass Lewis’s US guidelines (the “the ISS and Glass Lewis Proxy Voting Guidelines”) and determine, consistent with the best interest of its clients, to provide standing instructions to the Proxy Group to vote proxies according to the recommendations of ISS or Glass Lewis.
In addition, the Investment Managers receive in-house voting research from Franklin Templeton’s Stewardship Team (FT Stewardship). FT Stewardship provides customized research on specific corporate governance issues that is tailored to the investment manager and corporate engagement undertaken. This research may include opinions on voting decisions, however there is no obligation or inference for the investment manager to formally vote in line with these opinions. This research supports the independent vote decision making process, and may reduce reliance on third-party advice for certain votes.
The Investment Manager, however, retains the ability to vote a proxy differently than ISS or Glass Lewis recommends if the Investment Manager determines that it would be in the best interests of Advisory Clients.
The following Proxy Policies apply to FASL only:
HOW THE INVESTMENT MANAGERS VOTE PROXIES
Proxy Services
Certain of the Investment Managers’ separate accounts or funds (or a portion thereof) are included under Franklin Templeton Investment Solutions (“FTIS”), a separate investment group within Franklin Templeton, and employ a quantitative strategy.
For such accounts, FTIS’s proprietary methodologies rely on a combination of quantitative, qualitative, and behavioral analysis rather than fundamental security research and analyst coverage that an actively managed portfolio would ordinarily employ. Accordingly, absent client direction, in light of the high number of positions
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held by such accounts and the considerable time and effort that would be required to review proxy statements and ISS or Glass Lewis recommendations, the Investment Manager may review ISS’s non-US Benchmark guidelines, ISS’s specialty guidelines (in particular, ISS’s Sustainability guidelines), or Glass Lewis’s US guidelines (the “the ISS and Glass Lewis Proxy Voting Guidelines”) and determine, consistent with the best interest of its clients, to provide standing instructions to the Proxy Group to vote proxies according to the recommendations of ISS or Glass Lewis.
In addition, the investment managers receive in-house voting research from Franklin Templeton’s Stewardship Team (FT Stewardship). FT Stewardship provides customized research on specific corporate governance issues that is tailored to the investment manager and corporate engagement undertaken. This research may include opinions on voting decisions, however there is no obligation or inference for the investment manager to formally vote in line with these opinions. This research supports the independent vote decision making process, and may reduce reliance on third-party advice for certain votes.
The Investment Manager, however, retains the ability to vote a proxy differently than ISS or Glass Lewis recommends if the Investment Manager determines that it would be in the best interests of Advisory Clients.
The following Proxy Policies apply to FTIC, FTIML, and TAML only:
HOW THE INVESTMENT MANAGERS VOTE PROXIES
Proxy Services
Passively managed exchange traded funds (collectively, “ETFs”), seek to track a particular securities index. As a result, each ETF may hold the securities of hundreds of issuers. Because the primary criteria for determining whether a security should be included (or continued to be included) in an ETF’s investment portfolio is whether such security is a representative component of the securities index that the ETF is seeking to track, the ETFs do not require the fundamental security research and analyst coverage that an actively managed portfolio would review proxy statements and ISS or Glass Lewis recommendations, the Investment Manager may review ISS’s non-US Benchmark guidelines, ISS’s specialty guidelines (in particular, ISS’s Sustainability guidelines), or Glass Lewis’s US guidelines (the “ISS and Glass Lewis Proxy Voting Guidelines”) and determine, consistent with the best interest of its clients, to provide standing instructions to the Proxy Group to vote proxies according to the recommendations of ISS or Glass Lewis rather than analyze each individual proxy vote. Permitting the Investment Manager of the ETFs to defer its judgment for voting on a proxy to the recommendations of ISS or Glass Lewis may result in a proxy related to the securities of a particular issuer held by an ETF being voted differently from the same proxy that is voted on by other funds managed by the Investment Managers.
In addition, the investment managers receive in-house voting research from Franklin Templeton’s Stewardship Team (FT Stewardship). FT Stewardship provides customized research on specific corporate governance issues that is tailored to the investment manager and corporate engagement undertaken. This research may include opinions on voting decisions, however there is no obligation or inference for the investment manager to formally vote in line with these opinions. This research supports the independent vote decision making process, and may reduce reliance on third-party advice for certain votes.
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE INVESTMENT MANAGERS TO VOTE PROXIES
To the extent that the Investment Manager has a subadvisory agreement with an affiliated investment manager (the “Affiliated Subadviser”) with respect to a particular Advisory Client or the Investment Manager chooses securities for an Advisory Client’s portfolios that are recommended by an Affiliated Subadviser, the Investment Manager may delegate proxy voting responsibility to the Affiliated Subadviser or vote proxies in accordance with the Affiliated Subadviser’s recommendations.
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APPENDIX C – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Trustees and Shareholders of Franklin Lexington Venture and Growth Fund
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Franklin Lexington Venture and Growth Fund (the “Fund”) as of June 5, 2026 and the related statement of operations for the period February 13, 2026 (inception) to June 5, 2026, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of June 5, 2026 and the results of its operations for the period February 13, 2026 (inception) to June 5, 2026 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Baltimore, Maryland
June 17, 2026
We have served as the auditor of one or more investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds since 1948.
C-1
Franklin Lexington Venture and Growth Fund
Statement of Assets and Liabilities
| June 5, 2026 | ||||
| Assets: |
||||
| Cash |
$ | 100,000 | ||
| Deferred offering costs (Note 2) |
585,453 | |||
| Receivable from investment manager |
165,608 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total Assets |
851,061 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Liabilities: |
||||
| Accrued offering costs |
585,453 | |||
| Organization expenses payable (Note 2) |
165,608 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total Liabilities |
751,061 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total Net Assets |
$ | 100,000 | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Components of Net Assets: |
||||
| Paid-in capital (no par value, unlimited number of shares authorized, 4,000 Class I shares issued and outstanding) |
$ | 100,000 | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Total Net Assets |
$ | 100,000 | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Class I Net Asset Value |
$ | 25.00 | ||
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.
C-2
Franklin Lexington Venture and Growth Fund
Notes to Financial Statements
June 5, 2026
Note 1 – Organization
Franklin Lexington Venture and Growth Fund (the “Fund”), organized on February 13, 2026, as a Delaware statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware, is a closed-end, non-diversified, management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund has not yet commenced operations other than matters relating to its organization and the issuance of 4,000 Class I shares to Franklin Resources, Inc. (“Franklin Resources”) at a net asset value of $25.00 per share as of June 5, 2026.
The Fund’s investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation. In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund intends to make direct and indirect investments in companies that are primarily in their venture capital or growth stages of development (collectively, “Venture and Growth Assets”). Venture and Growth Assets include, but are not limited to, companies that (i) develop or implement novel products, services or innovations, (ii) develop or implement novel approaches to improve existing products, services or innovations, or (iii) are involved in enabling, supporting or facilitating innovation, whether through distribution, financing, infrastructure, research or other means. Venture and Growth Assets may include investments in both private and publicly traded companies. Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowing for investment purposes, in Venture and Growth Assets. The Fund seeks to provide investors with exposure to a broad spectrum of Venture and Growth Assets across multiple investment stages (including select buyouts assets whereby a mature company is acquired from current shareholders), industry sectors, sizes, geographies, securities types and asset classes, subject to compliance with its investment strategies and restrictions and applicable law, including the 1940 Act.
Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies
The Fund follows the accounting and reporting guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 946, Financial Services – Investment Companies (“ASC 946”). The following are significant accounting policies consistently followed by the Fund and are in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), including, but not limited to, ASC 946. Estimates and assumptions are required to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Fund in the preparation of the financial statements.
Organization and Offering Costs
The Fund will bear certain of its organizational and initial offering costs in connection with this offering. The Fund’s estimated organizational and initial offering costs incurred through June 5, 2026, are $165,608 and $585,453, respectively. These costs, and any additional costs incurred prior to the commencement of operations, have been and will continue to be paid by Franklin Templeton Fund Adviser, LLC (“FTFA). These costs will be reimbursed to FTFA by the Fund and are subject to recoupment in accordance with the Fund’s expense limitation agreement (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”, as further discussed in Note 3) after the Fund commences operations. Organizational costs consist primarily of costs to establish the Fund and enable it to legally conduct business and are expensed as incurred. Offering costs are capitalized and amortized over the twelve-month period beginning on the date when Fund operations commence.
Valuation
The Fund will value investments monthly at fair value consistent with the principles of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements.
C-3
Franklin Lexington Venture and Growth Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
June 5, 2026
Cash
Cash at June 5, 2026, is held on deposit with The Bank of New York Mellon, the Fund’s custodian. Cash held by the Fund at June 5, 2026, is not restricted.
Federal Income Taxes
It is the Fund’s policy to comply with the federal income and excise tax requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”), as amended, applicable to regulated investment companies. Accordingly, the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its taxable income and net realized gains, if any, to shareholders in accordance with timing requirements imposed by the Code. Accordingly, no provision for federal income or excise taxes has been made in the accompanying financial statements.
Note 3 – Management Agreement and Transactions with Affiliates
FTFA is the Fund’s investment manager and Lexington and Franklin Advisers, Inc. (“FAV”) are the Fund’s sub-advisers. FTFA, Lexington Advisors LLC (“Lexington”) and FAV are indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries of Franklin Resources.
FTFA receives a quarterly management fee (the “Management Fee”) at an annual rate of 1.50% based on the value of the Fund’s net assets calculated and accrued monthly as of the last business day of each month. Lexington will receive an annual sub-advisory fee, payable quarterly, from FTFA. FAV will receive an annual sub-advisory fee, payable quarterly, from FTFA.
FTFA will be entitled to receive an incentive fee (the “Incentive Fee”), at the end of each calendar quarter, equal to 15.00% of the excess, if any, of (i) the net profits (as defined below) of the Fund for the relevant period over (ii) the then balance, if any, of the Loss Recovery Account (as defined below). For the purposes of the Incentive Fee and Loss Recovery Account, the term “net profits” shall mean the amount by which (i) the sum of (A) the net asset value of the Fund as of the end of such quarter, (B) the aggregate repurchase price of all shares repurchased by the Fund during such quarter and (C) the amount of dividends and other distributions paid in respect of the Fund during such quarter and not reinvested in additional shares through the dividend reinvestment plan (“DRIP”) exceeds (ii) the sum of (X) the net asset value of the Fund as of the beginning of such quarter and (Y) the aggregate issue price of shares of the Fund issued during such quarter (excluding any shares of such class issued in connection with the reinvestment through the DRIP of dividends paid, or other distributions made, by the Fund through the DRIP). FTFA will pay all of any Incentive Fee to Lexington.
The Fund will maintain a memorandum account (the “Loss Recovery Account”), which will have an initial balance of zero and will be (i) increased upon the close of each calendar quarter of the Fund by the amount of the net losses of the Fund for the quarter, before giving effect to any repurchases or distributions for such quarter, and (ii) decreased (but not below zero) upon the close of each calendar quarter by the amount of the net profits of the Fund for the quarter. For purposes of the Loss Recovery Account, the term “net losses” shall mean the amount by which (i) the sum of (A) the net asset value of the Fund as of the beginning of such quarter and (B) the aggregate issue price of shares of the Fund issued during such quarter (excluding any Shares of such class issued in connection with the reinvestment of dividends paid, or other distributions made, by the Fund through the DRIP) exceeds (ii) the sum of (X) the net asset value of the Fund as of the end of such quarter, (Y) the aggregate repurchase price of all shares repurchased by the Fund during such quarter and (Z) the amount of dividends and other distributions paid in respect of the Fund during such quarter and not reinvested in additional shares through the DRIP. Shareholders will benefit from the Loss Recovery Account in proportion to their holdings of shares. For purposes of the “net losses” calculation, the net asset value shall include unrealized
C-4
Franklin Lexington Venture and Growth Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
June 5, 2026
appreciation or depreciation of investments and realized income and gains or losses and expenses (including offering and organizational expenses). Incentive Fees are accrued monthly and paid quarterly. For purposes of calculating Incentive Fees, such accruals are not deducted from net asset value.
Pursuant to an Expense Limitation Agreement with the Fund, FTFA has agreed to waive fees that it would otherwise be paid, and/or to assume expenses of the Fund, if required to ensure certain annual operating expenses (excluding the Management Fee, Incentive Fee, any distribution and servicing fee, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, dividend and interest expenses relating to short sales, borrowing costs, merger or reorganization expenses, shareholder meetings expenses, litigation expenses, expenses associated with the acquisition and disposition of investments (including interest and structuring costs for borrowings and line(s) of credit), valuation service providers and extraordinary expenses, if any; collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”) do not exceed 0.50% per annum (excluding Excluded Expenses) of the Fund’s average monthly net assets of each class of shares. With respect to each class of shares, the Fund agrees to repay FTFA any fees waived or expenses assumed under the Expense Limitation Agreement for such class of shares, provided the repayments do not cause the Fund’s annual operating expenses (excluding Excluded Expenses) for that class of shares to exceed the expense limitation in place at the time the fees were waived and/or the expenses were reimbursed, or the expense limitation in place at the time the Fund repays FTFA, whichever is lower. FTFA is permitted to recapture amounts forgone or reimbursed within three years after the fiscal year in which the Manager earned the fee or incurred the expense. The Expense Limitation Agreement will have a term ending one year from the date the Fund commences operations, and the Manager may extend the term for a period of one year on an annual basis. FTFA may not terminate the Expense Limitation Agreement during its initial one-year term.
For the period from February 13, 2026, (inception) to June 5, 2026, the Fund has not commenced investment operations and no management fee or incentive fee has been incurred.
Franklin Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), an indirect wholly-owned broker-dealer subsidiary of Franklin Resources, acts as the distributor of the Fund’s shares. The Fund has adopted a Distribution and Servicing Plan (the “Distribution Plan”) for its Class S shares, Class D shares and Class M shares to pay to the Distributor a distribution and servicing fee to compensate financial industry professionals for distribution-related expenses, if applicable, and providing ongoing services in respect of shareholders who own such shares. Under the Distribution Plan, Class S, Class D and Class M shares pay a distribution and servicing fee to the Distributor at an annual rate of 0.85%, 0.25% and 0.50%, respectively, based on the aggregate net assets of the Fund attributable to such class. Class I shares are not subject to any distribution and servicing fee and do not bear any expenses associated therewith.
All officers and one Trustee of the Fund are employees of Franklin Resources or its affiliates and do not receive compensation from the Fund.
As of June 5, 2026, Franklin Resources and its affiliates owned 100% of the Fund.
Note 4 – Subsequent Events
The Fund has evaluated subsequent events through the date on which the financial statements were issued and determined that there were none.
C-5
PART C: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 25. Financial Statements and Exhibits
| (1) | Financial Statements: |
Part A: None.
| (2) | Exhibits: |
| (a) |
| (c) | Not applicable. |
| (f) | Not applicable. |
| (g) |
| (2) Subadvisory Agreement between FTFA and Lexington Advisors LLC(2) |
| (3) Subadvisory Agreement between FTFA and Franklin Advisers, Inc.(2) |
| (h) |
| (i) | Not applicable. |
| (m) | Not applicable |
| (o) | Not applicable |
1
| (q) | Not applicable |
| (1) | Previously filed |
| (2) | Filed herewith. |
| (3) | To be filed by amendment |
Item 26. Marketing Arrangements
See the Distribution Agreement and Financial Intermediary Agreement, forms of which will be filed as Exhibit (h)(1) and (h)(2), respectively, to this Registration Statement.
Item 27. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
Not applicable.
Item 28. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Registrant
To be provided by amendment.
Item 29. Number of Holders of Securities
As of June 30, 2026:
| Title of Class |
Number of Record Holders | |
| Shares of Beneficial Ownership for Class S |
0 | |
| Shares of Beneficial Ownership for Class D |
0 | |
| Shares of Beneficial Ownership for Class I |
1 | |
| Shares of Beneficial Ownership for Class M |
0 |
Item 30. Indemnification
To be provided by amendment.
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
The descriptions of the Manager, Lexington and FAV under the caption “Management of the Fund” in the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information of this Registration Statement are incorporated by reference herein. Information as to the directors and officers of the Manager, Lexington and FAV, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of the Manager, Lexington and FAV in the last two years, is included in their respective applications for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File Nos. 801-66785 and 801-51739, respectively) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated herein by reference.
2
Item 32. Location of Accounts and Records
The accounts and records of the Registrant are maintained at the office of the Registrant at One Madison Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, New York 10010.
Item 33. Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 34. Undertakings
| 1. | Not applicable. |
| 2. | Not applicable. |
| 3. | The Registrant hereby undertakes: |
| (a) | to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement: |
| (1) | to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; |
| (2) | to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and |
| (3) | to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement. |
| (b) | that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; |
| (c) | to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering; |
| (d) | that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser: |
| (1) | if the Registrant is relying on Rule 430B: |
| (A) | each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and |
| (B) | each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (x), or (xi) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in |
3
| the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or |
| (2) | if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C: each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. |
| (e) | that for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities: |
The undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:
| (1) | any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act; |
| (2) | free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant; |
| (3) | the portion of any other free writing prospectus or advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and |
| (4) | any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser. |
| 4. | The Registrant undertakes: |
| (a) | for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant under Rule 424(b)(1) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and |
| (b) | for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
4
| 5. | Not applicable. |
| 6. | Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
| 7. | The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any prospectus or Statement of Additional Information. |
5
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, and State of New York, on the 1st day of September, 2026.
| FRANKLIN LEXINGTON VENTURE AND GROWTH FUND | ||
| By: | /s/ Jane E. Trust | |
| Name: | Jane E. Trust | |
| Title: | Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on the 1st day of September, 2026.
| Signature |
Capacity | |
| /s/ Jane E. Trust Jane E. Trust |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |
| /s/ Christopher Berarducci Christopher Berarducci |
Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |
| /s/ Robert D. Agdern* Robert D. Agdern |
Trustee | |
| /s/ Carol L. Colman* Carol L. Colman |
Trustee | |
| /s/ Anthony Grillo* Anthony Grillo |
Trustee | |
| /s/ Eileen A. Kamerick* Eileen A. Kamerick |
Trustee | |
| /s/ Nisha Kumar* Nisha Kumar |
Trustee | |
| /s/ Peter Mason* Peter Mason |
Trustee | |
| /s/ Hillary A. Sale * Hillary A. Sale |
Trustee | |
| *By: | /s/ Jane E. Trust | |
| Jane E. Trust | ||
| As Attorney-in-Fact | ||
| * | The original power of attorney authorizing Jane E. Trust, Christopher Berarducci and Marc A. De Oliveira to execute this Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto, for the Trustees of the Registrant on whose behalf this Registration Statement has been executed and is filed as an Exhibit. |
EXHIBIT LIST