
		2026			2025	2024
for the period ended		Rm			Rm	Rm
Revenue by major product line
Southern Africa business
Energy			124 233		105 522	124 824
Coal¹			210		3 640	3 874
Liquid fuels²			116 299		93 579	113 037
Gas (methane rich gas, natural gas and liquified petroleum gas) and condensate³			7 724		8 303	7 913
Chemicals Africa			59 862		60 715	63 829
Base chemicals			43 341		43 247	45 138
Differentiated chemicals			16 521		17 468	18 691
International Chemicals business
Chemicals America			40 154		37 840	41 424
Base chemicals			16 571		14 876	16 290
Differentiated chemicals			23 583		22 964	25 134
Chemicals Eurasia			41 865		42 017	41 684
Differentiated chemicals			41 865		42 017	41 684
Other (Mainly technology, refinery services)⁴			741		1 360	1 270
Revenue from contracts with customers			266 855		247 454	273 031
Revenue from other contracts⁵			5 263		1 642	2 080
Total external turnover			272 118		249 096	275 111

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when the control of goods or services has transferred to the customer through the satisfaction of a performance obligation. Group performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time and over time, however the Group mainly satisfies its performance obligations at a point in time. For further information on revenue recognition, refer to Segment information on pages 9 to 9.

Revenue recognised reflects the consideration that the Group expects to be entitled to for each distinct performance obligation after deducting indirect taxes, rebates and trade discounts and consists primarily of the sale of fuels, oil, natural gas and chemical products, services rendered, license fees and royalties. The Group allocates revenue based on stand-alone selling prices.

Purchases and sales of inventory with the same counterparty, that are entered into in contemplation of one another to facilitate sales to customers, are combined and recorded on a net basis when the items exchanged are similar in nature.

Revenue from arrangements that are not considered contracts with customers, mainly pertaining to rate regulated activities, franchise rentals, use of fuel tanks and fuel storage, is presented as revenue from other contracts. Where the Group is subject to rate regulation, it includes in revenue any over or under recoveries relating to goods supplied during the period.

The period between the transfer of the goods and services to the customer and the payment by the customer does not exceed 12 months and therefore the Group does not adjust for time value of money as it applies the financing component practical expedient.