On March 19, 2021, the Company entered into a $2,000,000 convertible balloon note with Trailhead Income, LP. The note bears interest at 12% and originally matured on September 1, 2025. On June 19, 2025, the Company extended the note to October 1, 2026. The note is secured by certain mining equipment. Interest-only payments are due on a quarterly basis through the maturity date. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal balance on the note was$2,000,000.

On February 15, 2022, the Company entered into a $1,849,888 balloon note with GC Opportunities 2 Private Fund. The note bears interest at 12% and matures on February 15, 2026. The note is secured by certain mining equipment. The note was amended on October 4, 2022 to provide a onetime waiver of payment default for unpaid monthly interest due for July 15, 2022, August 15, 2022 and September 2022, and to defer interest due for six months from July 2022 to December 2022, until maturity. The Company repaid the loan in full during January 2026. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal balance was $0 and $1,849,888.

On April 11, 2022, the Company entered into two notes with Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation for an aggregate of $228,314. The notes bear interest at 1.49% and mature on April 11, 2027. The notes are secured by track loaders. Payments of principal and interest are due on a monthly basis through maturity. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal balance was $19,464 and $62,549, respectively.

On April 1, 2025, the Company acquired a loan from TCM as part of the acquisition. In January 2025, TCM, prior to termination of its largest finance lease, purchased the equipment leased under the agreement for a purchase price of $6,454,466. The Company financed the equipment purchase with a loan payable to a commercial bank in the amount of $6,450,000 at prime, subject to a 5% floor. The loan calls for principal and interest payments totaling $129,552 beginning in March 2025, and matures in January, 2030. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal balance was $4,850,282 and $5,437,993, respectively.

On October 17, 2025, the Company entered into a $2,500,000 loan with a third party. The interest rate is variable based on the secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR") plus 3.0%. The loan matures on April 20, 2028 with payments of principal and interest due on a monthly basis through maturity. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal balance was $2,209,930 and $2,430,979, respectively.


	June 30, 2026		December 31, 2025
Note payable with interest at current prime rate, subject to 5% floor, maturing January 2030	$	4,850,282	$	5,437,993
Balloon notes payable with monthly interest payments of 12%, secured by certain specified mining equipment, maturities ranging from 2023 to 2026 - related party	2,000,000		3,849,888
Notes payable with interest ranging from 0% to 1.49%, monthly payments of principal and interest, secured by track loaders, maturing 2027	19,464		62,549
Note payable with variable interest, maturing in April 2028	2,209,930		2,430,979
Unamortized loan origination costs	(3,938)		(5,992)
	9,075,738		11,775,417
Less: Current maturities	(3,158,583)		(5,533,469)
Notes payable, net of current maturities	$	5,917,155	$	6,241,948

On November 1, 2023, the Company entered into a Convertible Promissory Note Agreement (the “Note”) with TCM at a face value of $3,900,000. Upon issuance, the Note was issued with an original issue discount of 4%, which amounted to $600,000 and was payable from the funding proceeds. The Note has a fair value of $3,300,000. The Note bears interest at a rate of 0.1% per annum and matures on November 1, 2025. No scheduled payments are due under the Note, and the Note permits early partial or full prepayment under the Note at any time without any prepayment penalty.

Upon the occurrence of an event or events of default under the Note, including bankruptcy, an uncured material breach of the Note Agreement, or a board adopted resolution for liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, all accrued expenses, accrued interest, and all principal outstanding under the Note shall become immediately due and payable in full.

The Note provides for automatic conversion of the amount of any unpaid principal balance of the Note upon maturity into that number of shares of common stock by dividing such remaining principal balance by the conversion price of $1.00 per share. At maturity, all interest accrued and owing with respect to the remaining principal balance shall be forgiven by TCM.

The Company evaluated the embedded call and put features in accordance with ASC 815-15-25. The embedded puts are clearly and closely related to the debt host instrument and therefore are not required to be bifurcated and separately measured at fair value. The Company additionally determined that the embedded conversion feature did not meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815 and therefore did not require bifurcation from the host debt instrument.

The Note was initially recorded at fair value, as it was issued as consideration in the acquisition of an equity method investment in TCM (see Note 9 for information regarding the Company’s equity method investment). The Company reflected a discount of $600,000 on the Note at issuance to recognize at fair value at issuance. Subsequently, the Company amortizes the Note discount to interest expense over the period from issuance through the maturity date, at an effective interest rate of 8.5%. For each of the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized $0 as

For the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded accrued interest of $0 and $612, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded accrued interest of $0 and $612, respectively

Immediately prior to the acquisition of TCM, the Company repaid the principal balance of the Note and accrued interest in full on March 31, 2025. Upon the repayment of the Note, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of $153,834 in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

On March 26, 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “March Securities Purchase Agreement”) with a third party (the “Investor”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Investor senior secured convertible notes (the “March 2026 Note”) in an aggregate principal amount of up to $45,000,000 (the “Facility”).

The Facility consists of an initial tranche in the principal amount of $15,000,000, which was funded on March 26, 2026, and subsequent tranches in an aggregate principal amount of up to $30,000,000. The March 2026 Note bears interest at 7% per annum and the initial tranche matures on July 16, 2028. The March 2026 Note is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at $11.50 per share. The Company incurred $1,174,000 in debt issuance costs related to the March 2026 Note.

Due to certain embedded features within the convertible note, the Company elected the fair value option to account for this note, including the embedded features. The initial fair value of the note was determined to be $36,875,000. The fair value of the convertible note was determined based on Level 3 inputs using a scenario-based analysis that estimated the fair value of the convertible notes based on the probability-weighted present value of expected future investment returns, considering each of the possible outcomes available to the noteholder. The significant unobservable input assumptions that can significantly change the fair value included (i) the discount rates, (ii) the timing of payments, and (iii) the probability of certain settlement scenarios. The Company recorded a change in fair value on the convertible note of $2,222,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2026.

The option for the Company to issue additional notes up to $30 million was determined to be a freestanding instrument that is recognized at fair value as of the date of the March Securities Purchase Agreement. The fair value of this option was determined to be $30,991,850 and was determined based upon the fair value of the additional notes as if it were issued today multiplied by the probability of issuance. As the aggregate fair value of the note and the option was in excess of the proceeds received, the Company recorded a loss on issuance of convertible note of $54,640,850, which includes the $1,174,000 in debt issuance costs. The Company recorded a change in fair value on the option of $3,547,850 for the six months ended June 30, 2026.

On June 3, 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “June Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the Investor, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Investor senior secured convertible notes (the “June 2026 Note”) in an aggregate principal amount of up to $45,000,000 (the “Second Facility”).

The Second Facility consists of an initial tranche in the principal amount of $15,000,000, which was funded on June 3, 2026, and subsequent tranches in an aggregate principal amount of up to $30,000,000. The June 2026 Note bears interest at 7% per annum and the initial tranche matures on July 16, 2028. The June 2026 Note is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at $24.25 per share. The Company incurred $1,075,000 in debt issuance costs related to the June 2026 Note.

Due to certain embedded features within the convertible note, the Company elected the fair value option to account for this note, including the embedded features. The initial fair value of the note was determined to be $20,986,000. The fair value of the convertible note was determined based on Level 3 inputs using a scenario-based analysis that estimated the fair value of the convertible notes based on the probability-weighted present value of expected future investment returns, considering each of the possible outcomes available to the noteholder. The significant unobservable input assumptions that can significantly change the fair value included (i) the discount rates, (ii) the timing of payments,

and (iii) the probability of certain settlement scenarios. The Company recorded a change in fair value on the convertible note of $158,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2026.

The option for the Company to issue additional notes up to $30 million was determined to be a freestanding instrument that is recognized at fair value as of the date of the June Securities Purchase Agreement. The fair value of this option was determined to be $11,580,000 and was determined based upon the fair value of the additional notes as if it were issued today multiplied by the probability of issuance. As the aggregate fair value of the note and the option was in excess of the proceeds received, the Company recorded a loss on issuance of convertible note of $19,241,000, which includes the $1,075,000 in debt issuance costs. The Company recorded a change in fair value on the option of $303,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2026.