Buyback Risk. When a company repurchases its shares from the marketplace through share buybacks, investors may perceive this action to be a reflection of management’s belief that company shares are undervalued, but there is no guarantee that the price of a company’s stock will increase after the company announces a buyback. Accordingly, share buybacks may not be an accurate predictor of a company’s value or future share performance.

Dividend Paying Security Risk. Securities that pay high dividends as a group can fall out of favor with the market, causing these companies to underperform companies that do not pay high dividends. Also, changes in the dividend policies of companies owned by the Fund and the capital resources available for these companies’ dividend payments may adversely affect the Fund.

ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Premium-Discount Risk. Shares may trade above (premium) or below (discount) their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market may pay brokerage commissions or other charges, which may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur a bid/ask spread, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

Large Capitalization Company Risk. The Fund’s investments in large capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.

Market Events Risk. Turbulence in the financial markets, reduced liquidity in the equity markets, and/or the advent of certain economic or political events, including global events such as war, acts of terrorism, tariffs, or a public health crisis, may negatively affect issuers, which could have an adverse effect on certain Fund holdings. In addition, there is a risk that policy changes by the U.S. Government, Federal Reserve and/or other government actors, such as changes in interest rates, could cause increased volatility in financial markets and higher levels of Fund redemptions, which could have a negative impact on certain Fund holdings.

Sector Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a particular sector, the Fund may be susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that sector.

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers is tied closely to the performance of their local economy, the international economy, interest rates, competitive and consumer confidence. Success depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Changes in demographics and consumer tastes can also affect the demand for, and success of, consumer products in the marketplace.

Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financials sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. This sector has experienced significant losses in the recent past, and the impact of more stringent capital requirements and of recent or future regulation on any individual financial company or on the sector as a whole cannot be predicted.

Value Investment Risk. The Fund considers certain value metrics when selecting stocks for inclusion in its portfolio and, as a result, the Fund may underperform when the market favors stocks with growth characteristics or a non-value investment approach. Value investments are subject to the risk that their intrinsic value may never be realized by the market.

Currency Strategies Risk. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time and can be unpredictably affected by political developments or government intervention. Changes in currency exchange rates may affect the U.S. Dollar value of the Fund’s investments.

Depositary Receipts Risk. The risks of investments in depositary receipts are substantially similar to the risks of investing directly in foreign securities. In addition, depositary receipts may not track the price of or may be less liquid than their underlying foreign securities, and the value of depositary receipts may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading.

Equity Investing Risk. An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund holding equity securities, such as market fluctuations, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. The values of equity securities could decline generally or could underperform other investments due to factors affecting a specific issuer, market or securities markets generally.

Foreign Investment Risk. Returns on investments in foreign securities could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, investments in U.S. securities. Exposures to foreign securities entail special risks, including risks due to: (i) differences in information available about foreign issuers; (ii) differences in investor protection standards in other jurisdictions; (iii) capital controls risks, including the risk of a foreign jurisdiction imposing restrictions on the ability to repatriate or transfer currency or other assets; (iv) political, diplomatic and economic risks; (v) regulatory risks; (vi) the imposition of tariffs; and (vii) foreign market and trading risks, including the costs of trading and risks of settlement in foreign jurisdictions. In addition, the Fund’s investments in securities denominated in other currencies could decline due to changes in local currency relative to the value of the U.S. dollar, which may affect the Fund’s returns.

International Closed-Market Trading Risk. Because the Fund’s investments may be traded in markets that are closed when the Exchange is open, there are likely to be deviations between the current pricing of an underlying investment and stale investment pricing (i.e., the last quote from its closed foreign market), resulting in premiums or discounts to NAV that may be greater than those experienced by other ETFs.

Large Capitalization Company Risk. The Fund’s investments in large capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.

Market Events Risk. Turbulence in the financial markets, reduced liquidity in the equity markets, and/or the advent of certain economic or political events, including global events such as war, acts of terrorism, tariffs, or a public health crisis, may negatively affect issuers, which could have an adverse effect on certain Fund holdings. In addition, there is a risk that policy changes by the U.S. Government, Federal Reserve and/or other government actors, such as changes in interest rates, could cause increased volatility in financial markets and higher levels of Fund redemptions, which could have a negative impact on certain Fund holdings.

Sector Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a particular sector, the Fund may be susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that sector.

Energy Sector Risk. The energy sector includes, for example, oil, gas, and consumable fuel companies. Energy companies can be substantially impacted by, among other things, the volatility of oil prices, worldwide supply and demand, worldwide economic growth, and political instability in oil or gas producing regions such as the Middle East and Eastern Europe.

Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financials sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. This sector has experienced significant losses in the recent past, and the impact of more stringent capital requirements and of recent or future regulation on any individual financial company or on the sector as a whole cannot be predicted.

Value Investment Risk. The Fund considers certain value metrics when selecting stocks for inclusion in its portfolio and, as a result, the Fund may underperform when the market favors stocks with growth characteristics or a non-value investment approach. Value investments are subject to the risk that their intrinsic value may never be realized by the market.

Currency Strategies Risk. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time and can be unpredictably affected by political developments or government intervention. Changes in currency exchange rates may affect the U.S. Dollar value of the Fund’s investments.

Depositary Receipts Risk. The risks of investments in depositary receipts are substantially similar to the risks of investing directly in foreign securities. In addition, depositary receipts may not track the price of or may be less liquid than their underlying foreign securities, and the value of depositary receipts may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading.

Emerging Markets Risk. Emerging market investments are subject to the same risks as foreign investments and to additional risks due to greater political and economic uncertainties as well as a relative lack of information about issuers in such markets. For example, emerging markets may be subject to, among other risks, greater market volatility; lower trading volume and liquidity; greater social, political and economic uncertainty; governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards; fewer protections of property rights; fewer investor rights and limited legal, contractual or practical remedies available to investors against emerging market companies; restrictions on the transfer of securities or currency; and settlement and trading practices that differ from U.S. markets and markets of more developed countries.

ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy will require it to effect redemptions by Authorized Participants, in whole or in part, for the cash value of large blocks of Shares called Creation Units. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions and be less tax-efficient than if the in-kind redemption process was used exclusively. In addition, cash redemptions may incur higher brokerage costs than in-kind redemptions, and these added costs may be borne by the Fund and negatively impact Fund performance.

Premium-Discount Risk. Shares may trade above (premium) or below (discount) their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market may pay brokerage commissions or other charges, which may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur a bid/ask spread, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

Geographic Investment Risk. To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies of a single country or region, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country or region.

China Risk. Investments in China involve risks closely tied to the social, political, and economic conditions within China. The Chinese economy may experience slower growth if domestic or global demand for Chinese goods decreases significantly and/or key trading partners implement protectionist measures such as trade tariffs. China’s economy is also susceptible to economic recession, market inefficiency, rising inflation rates, volatility and pricing anomalies that may be connected to governmental influence, a lack of public information and/or social and political instability. The Chinese government maintains strict currency controls, regularly intervenes in the currency market, and plays a major role in the country’s economic policies regarding foreign investments. Foreign investors are subject to the risk of loss from expropriation or nationalization of their investment assets and property, governmental restrictions on foreign investments and the repatriation of capital.

South Korea Risk. Investments in South Korean issuers may subject the Fund to legal, regulatory, political, currency, security, and economic risks that are specific to South Korea. The economy of South Korea is heavily dependent on exports and may be negatively impacted by the imposition of protectionist measures, such as trade tariffs, by its key trading partners. In addition, economic and political developments of South Korea’s neighbors may have an adverse effect on the South Korean economy.

Taiwan Risk. The economy of Taiwan is heavily dependent on exports and may be negatively impacted by the imposition of protectionist measures, such as trade tariffs, by its key trading partners. Currency fluctuations, increasing competition from Asia’s other emerge economies, and conditions that weaken demand for Taiwan’s export products worldwide could have a negative impact on the Taiwanese economy as a whole. Concerns over Taiwan’s history of political contention and its current relationship with China may also have a significant impact on the economy of Taiwan.

Investment Risk. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your Shares, they could be worth less than what you paid for them.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when a particular investment is difficult to purchase or sell. A significant, rapid rise in interest rates may result in a period of volatility and increased redemptions if Fund securities become illiquid and are forced to sell the illiquid securities at disadvantageous times or prices. This could have a negative effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective and may result in losses to Fund shareholders.

Market Events Risk. Turbulence in the financial markets, reduced liquidity in the equity markets, and/or the advent of certain economic or political events, including global events such as war, acts of terrorism, tariffs, or a public health crisis, may negatively affect issuers, which could have an adverse effect on certain Fund holdings. In addition, there is a risk that policy changes by the U.S. Government, Federal Reserve and/or other government actors, such as changes in interest rates, could cause increased volatility in financial markets and higher levels of Fund redemptions, which could have a negative impact on certain Fund holdings.

Quantitative Security Selection Risk. Cambria uses quantitative techniques to generate investment decisions and select stocks, and the Fund may not perform as intended if it relies on erroneous or outdated data from one or more third parties. Errors in data used in the quantitative model may occur from time to time and may not be identified and/or corrected before having an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk. Investing in securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies. These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies, and they may be more sensitive to market conditions.

Currency Strategies Risk. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time and can be unpredictably affected by political developments or government intervention. Changes in currency exchange rates may affect the U.S. Dollar value of the Fund’s investments.

Depositary Receipts Risk. The risks of investments in depositary receipts are substantially similar to the risks of investing directly in foreign securities. In addition, depositary receipts may not track the price of or may be less liquid than their underlying foreign securities, and the value of depositary receipts may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading.

Emerging Markets Risk. Emerging market investments are subject to the same risks as foreign investments and to additional risks due to greater political and economic uncertainties as well as a relative lack of information about issuers in such markets. For example, emerging markets may be subject to, among other risks, greater market volatility; lower trading volume and liquidity; greater social, political and economic uncertainty; governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards; fewer protections of property rights; fewer investor rights and limited legal, contractual or practical remedies available to investors against emerging market companies; restrictions on the transfer of securities or currency; and settlement and trading practices that differ from U.S. markets and markets of more developed countries.

ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy will require it to effect redemptions by Authorized Participants, in whole or in part, for the cash value of large blocks of Shares called Creation Units. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions and be less tax-efficient than if the in-kind redemption process was used exclusively. In addition, cash redemptions may incur higher brokerage costs than in-kind redemptions, and these added costs may be borne by the Fund and negatively impact Fund performance.

Premium-Discount Risk. Shares may trade above (premium) or below (discount) their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market may pay brokerage commissions or other charges, which may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur a bid/ask spread, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

Foreign Investment Risk. Returns on investments in foreign securities could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, investments in U.S. securities. Exposures to foreign securities entail special risks, including risks due to: (i) differences in information available about foreign issuers; (ii) differences in investor protection standards in other jurisdictions; (iii) capital controls risks, including the risk of a foreign jurisdiction imposing restrictions on the ability to repatriate or transfer currency or other assets; (iv) political, diplomatic and economic risks; (v) regulatory risks; (vi) the imposition of tariffs; and (vii) foreign market and trading risks, including the costs of trading and risks of settlement in foreign jurisdictions. In addition, the Fund’s investments in securities denominated in other currencies could decline due to changes in local currency relative to the value of the U.S. dollar, which may affect the Fund’s returns.

International Closed-Market Trading Risk. Because the Fund’s investments may be traded in markets that are closed when the Exchange is open, there are likely to be deviations between the current pricing of an underlying investment and stale investment pricing (i.e., the last quote from its closed foreign market), resulting in premiums or discounts to NAV that may be greater than those experienced by other ETFs.

Large Capitalization Company Risk. The Fund’s investments in large capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.

Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed using a model-based approach, and the Adviser selects Fund investments on a periodic basis using a proprietary quantitative algorithm developed by the Adviser for the Fund. There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes, or the Adviser’s quantitative model, will be effective or successful investment management techniques or that the Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular Fund investments will be correct even if the Adviser’s overall investment strategies and processes are otherwise effective. Further, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

Quantitative Security Selection Risk. Cambria uses quantitative techniques to generate investment decisions and select stocks, and the Fund may not perform as intended if it relies on erroneous or outdated data from one or more third parties. Errors in data used in the quantitative model may occur from time to time and may not be identified and/or corrected before having an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk. Investing in securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies. These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies, and they may be more sensitive to market conditions.

Commodity Investing Risk. Investing in commodity-related companies may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The commodities markets have experienced periods of extreme volatility. Similar future market conditions may result in rapid and substantial valuation increases or decreases in the Fund’s holdings.

Cyber Security Risk. The Fund, and its service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from a breach in cyber security, including cyber-attacks. A breach in cyber security, intentional or unintentional, may adversely impact the Fund in many ways, including, but not limited to, disruption of the Fund’s operational capacity, loss of proprietary information, theft or corruption of data, denial-of-service attacks on websites or network resources, and the unauthorized release of confidential information. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund’s third-party service providers, including Cambria, the sub advisor, the custodian, and the transfer agent, market makers, Authorized Participants, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests may subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches.

Emerging Markets Risk. Emerging market investments are subject to the same risks as foreign investments and to additional risks due to greater political and economic uncertainties as well as a relative lack of information about issuers in such markets. For example, emerging markets may be subject to, among other risks, greater market volatility; lower trading volume and liquidity; greater social, political and economic uncertainty; governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards; fewer protections of property rights; fewer investor rights and limited legal, contractual or practical remedies available to investors against emerging market companies; restrictions on the transfer of securities or currency; and settlement and trading practices that differ from U.S. markets and markets of more developed countries.

ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy will require it to effect redemptions by Authorized Participants, in whole or in part, for the cash value of large blocks of Shares called Creation Units. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions and be less tax-efficient than if the in-kind redemption process was used exclusively. In addition, cash redemptions may incur higher brokerage costs than in-kind redemptions, and these added costs may be borne by the Fund and negatively impact Fund performance.

Premium-Discount Risk. Shares may trade above (premium) or below (discount) their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market may pay brokerage commissions or other charges, which may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur a bid/ask spread, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

Exchange-Traded Notes Risk. Because ETNs are unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities, an investment in an ETN exposes the Fund to the risk that an ETN’s issuer may be unable to pay. In addition, as with investments in other ETPs, the Fund will bear its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the ETN, which may cause the Fund’s operating expenses to be higher and its performance to be lower.

Foreign Investment Risk. Returns on investments in foreign securities could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, investments in U.S. securities. Exposures to foreign securities entail special risks, including risks due to: (i) differences in information available about foreign issuers; (ii) differences in investor protection standards in other jurisdictions; (iii) capital controls risks, including the risk of a foreign jurisdiction imposing restrictions on the ability to repatriate or transfer currency or other assets; (iv) political, diplomatic and economic risks; (v) regulatory risks; (vi) the imposition of tariffs; and (vii) foreign market and trading risks, including the costs of trading and risks of settlement in foreign jurisdictions. In addition, the Fund’s investments in securities denominated in other currencies could decline due to changes in local currency relative to the value of the U.S. dollar, which may affect the Fund’s returns.

High Yield Securities Risk. High yield securities and unrated securities of comparable credit quality are subject to the increased risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payment obligations. High yield securities are subject to a greater risk of default and investments in them are inherently speculative. The secondary markets in which high yield securities are traded may be less liquid and more volatile than the market for higher grade securities.

International Closed-Market Trading Risk. Because the Fund’s investments may be traded in markets that are closed when the Exchange is open, there are likely to be deviations between the current pricing of an underlying investment and stale investment pricing (i.e., the last quote from its closed foreign market), resulting in premiums or discounts to NAV that may be greater than those experienced by other ETFs.

Large Capitalization Company Risk. The Fund’s investments in large capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when a particular investment is difficult to purchase or sell. A significant, rapid rise in interest rates may result in a period of volatility and increased redemptions if Fund securities become illiquid and are forced to sell the illiquid securities at disadvantageous times or prices. This could have a negative effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective and may result in losses to Fund shareholders.

Market Events Risk. Turbulence in the financial markets, reduced liquidity in the equity markets, and/or the advent of certain economic or political events, including global events such as war, acts of terrorism, tariffs, or a public health crisis, may negatively affect issuers, which could have an adverse effect on certain Fund holdings. In addition, there is a risk that policy changes by the U.S. Government, Federal Reserve and/or other government actors, such as changes in interest rates, could cause increased volatility in financial markets and higher levels of Fund redemptions, which could have a negative impact on certain Fund holdings.

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s or an Underlying Vehicle’s strategy may result in high portfolio turnover rates, which may increase the Fund’s or an Underlying Vehicle’s brokerage commission costs and negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Such portfolio turnover also may generate net short-term capital gains.

Real Estate Industry Risk. The Fund is subject to the risks related to investments in real estate, including declines in the real estate market, decreases in property revenues, increases in interest rates, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, legal and regulatory changes, a lack of credit or capital, defaults by borrowers or tenants, environmental problems, and natural disasters.

Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk. Investing in securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies. These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies, and they may be more sensitive to market conditions.

Cyber Security Risk. The Fund, and its service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from a breach in cyber security, including cyber-attacks. A breach in cyber security, intentional or unintentional, may adversely impact the Fund in many ways, including, but not limited to, disruption of the Fund’s operational capacity, loss of proprietary information, theft or corruption of data, denial-of-service attacks on websites or network resources, and the unauthorized release of confidential information. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund’s third-party service providers, including Cambria, the sub-adviser, the custodian, and the transfer agent, market makers, Authorized Participants, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests may subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches.

Dividend Paying Security Risk. Securities that pay high dividends as a group can fall out of favor with the market, causing these companies to underperform companies that do not pay high dividends. Also, changes in the dividend policies of companies owned by the Fund and the capital resources available for these companies’ dividend payments may adversely affect the Fund.

ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy will require it to effect redemptions by Authorized Participants, in whole or in part, for the cash value of large blocks of Shares called Creation Units. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions and be less tax-efficient than if the in-kind redemption process was used exclusively. In addition, cash redemptions may incur higher brokerage costs than in-kind redemptions, and these added costs may be borne by the Fund and negatively impact Fund performance.

Premium-Discount Risk. Shares may trade above (premium) or below (discount) their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market may pay brokerage commissions or other charges, which may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur a bid/ask spread, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

Futures Contracts Risk. Risks associated with the use of futures contracts include the following: (i) an imperfect correlation between movements in prices of index futures contracts and movements in the value of the stock index that the instrument is designed to simulate; and (ii) the possibility of an illiquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a position prior to its maturity date. Investments in futures may expose the Fund to leverage.

Large Capitalization Company Risk. The Fund’s investments in large capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.

Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed using a model-based approach, and the Adviser selects Fund investments on a periodic basis using a proprietary quantitative algorithm developed by the Adviser for the Fund. There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes, or the Adviser’s quantitative model, will be effective or successful investment management techniques or that the Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular Fund investments will be correct even if the Adviser’s overall investment strategies and processes are otherwise effective. Further, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

Momentum Investing Risk. The Fund employs a “momentum” style of investing that emphasizes investing in securities that have had higher recent price performance compared to other securities. This style of investing is subject to the risk that these securities may be more volatile than a broad cross-section of securities or that the returns on securities that have previously exhibited price momentum are less than returns on other styles of investing or the overall stock market. High momentum may also be a sign that the securities’ prices have peaked. Momentum can turn quickly and cause significant variation from other types of investments. The Fund may experience significant losses if momentum stops, turns or otherwise behaves differently than predicted.

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s strategy may result in high portfolio turnover rates, which may increase the Fund’s brokerage commission costs and negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Such portfolio turnover also may generate net short-term capital gains.

Real Estate Industry Risk. The Fund is subject to the risks related to investments in real estate, including declines in the real estate market, decreases in property revenues, increases in interest rates, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, legal and regulatory changes, a lack of credit or capital, defaults by borrowers or tenants, environmental problems and natural disasters.

Sector Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a particular sector, the Fund may be susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that sector.

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers is tied closely to the performance of their local economy, the international economy, interest rates, competitive and consumer confidence. Success depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Changes in demographics and consumer tastes can also affect the demand for, and success of, consumer products in the marketplace.

Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financials sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. This sector has experienced significant losses in the recent past, and the impact of more stringent capital requirements and of recent or future regulation on any individual financial company or on the sector as a whole cannot be predicted.

Energy Sector Risk. The energy sector includes, for example, oil, gas, and consumable fuel companies. Energy companies can be substantially impacted by, among other things, the volatility of oil prices, worldwide supply and demand, worldwide economic growth, and political instability in oil or gas producing regions such as the Middle East and Eastern Europe.

Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk. Investing in securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies. These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies, and they may be more sensitive to market conditions.

Commodity Investing Risk. Investing in commodity-related companies may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The commodities markets have experienced periods of extreme volatility. Similar future market conditions may result in rapid and substantial valuation increases or decreases in the Fund’s holdings.

Cyber Security Risk. The Fund, and its service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from a breach in cyber security, including cyber-attacks. A breach in cyber security, intentional or unintentional, may adversely impact the Fund in many ways, including, but not limited to, disruption of the Fund’s operational capacity, loss of proprietary information, theft or corruption of data, denial-of-service attacks on websites or network resources, and the unauthorized release of confidential information. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund’s third-party service providers, including Cambria, the sub-adviser, the custodian, and the transfer agent, market makers, Authorized Participants, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests may subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches.

Depositary Receipts Risk. The risks of investments in depositary receipts are substantially similar to the risks of investing directly in foreign securities. In addition, depositary receipts may not track the price of or may be less liquid than their underlying foreign securities, and the value of depositary receipts may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading.

Equity Investing Risk. An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund holding equity securities, such as market fluctuations, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. The values of equity securities could decline generally or could underperform other investments. In addition, securities may decline in value due to factors affecting a specific issuer, market or securities markets generally.

Exchange-Traded Funds, Exchange-Traded Products and Investment Companies Risk. The risks of investing in securities of ETFs, ETPs and investment companies typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the underlying ETF, ETP or investment company invests. In addition, with such investments, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the underlying entity. As a result, the Fund’s operating expenses may be higher and performance may be lower. Through its investments in investment companies, the Fund may be indirectly exposed to derivatives and leverage; allowing them to obtain the right to a return on stipulated capital that exceeds the amount paid or invested. Use of leverage is speculative and could magnify losses.

Fixed Income Risk. A decline in an issuer’s credit rating and/or financial condition may cause such issuer’s fixed income securities to decrease in value while experiencing increased volatility and investment risk. During periods of falling interest rates, an issuer of a callable bond held by the Fund may “call” (or repay) the security before its stated maturity, and the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income. The market value of a fixed income security generally changes in response to changes in interest rates and may change quickly and without warning in response to issuer defaults and changes in issuer credit ratings.

Geographic Investment Risk. To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies of a single country or region, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country or region.

Asia-Pacific Risk. Investments in securities of issuers in Asia-Pacific countries involve risks that are specific to the Asia-Pacific region, including certain legal, regulatory, political and economic risks. Certain Asia-Pacific countries have experienced expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic, socio-economic and/or political unrest. Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, and are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to price changes for these products.

Europe Risk. Many countries in Europe are closely connected such that the social, economic and political events of one European country may have adverse effects across Europe. European countries that are members of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (“EU”) are subject to restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls. Member nations’ compliance with these economic controls and monetary policies may significantly impact every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro, the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in an EU member country may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners.

Interest Rate Risk. The market value of fixed income securities generally changes in response to changes in interest rates. As interest rates rise, the value of certain fixed income securities is likely to decrease. Similarly, if interest rates decline, the value of fixed income securities is likely to increase. Risks associated with rising interest rates are heightened given the Federal Reserve’s recent increases in interest rates. To the extent that rates increase substantially and/or rapidly, the Fund may be subject to significant losses.

Investment Risk. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your Shares, they could be worth less than what you paid for them.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when a particular investment is difficult to purchase or sell. A significant, rapid rise in interest rates may result in a period of volatility and increased redemptions if Fund securities become illiquid and are forced to sell the illiquid securities at disadvantageous times or prices. This could have a negative effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective and may result in losses to Fund shareholders.

Market Events Risk. Turbulence in the financial markets, reduced liquidity in the equity markets, and/or the advent of certain economic or political events, including global events such as war, acts of terrorism, tariffs, or a public health crisis, may negatively affect issuers, which could have an adverse effect on certain Fund holdings. In addition, there is a risk that policy changes by the U.S. Government, Federal Reserve and/or other government actors, such as changes in interest rates, could cause increased volatility in financial markets and higher levels of Fund redemptions, which could have a negative impact on certain Fund holdings.

Options Risk. The prices of options may change rapidly over time and do not necessarily move in tandem with the price of the underlying securities. Options may expire unexercised, causing the Fund to lose the premium paid for them.

Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk. Investing in securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies. These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies. Often, small and medium capitalization companies and the industries in which they focus are still evolving and, as a result, they may be more sensitive to changing market conditions.

Swaps Contract Risk. Each swap exposes the Fund to counterparty risk when a counterparty to a financial instrument entered into by the Fund may become bankrupt or otherwise fail to perform its obligations. As a result, the Fund may experience delays in or be prevented from obtaining payments owed to it pursuant to a swap contract.

Cyber Security Risk. The Fund, and its service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from a breach in cyber security, including cyber-attacks. A breach in cyber security, intentional or unintentional, may adversely impact the Fund in many ways, including, but not limited to, disruption of the Fund’s operational capacity, loss of proprietary information, theft or corruption of data, denial-of-service attacks on websites or network resources, and the unauthorized release of confidential information. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund’s third-party service providers, including Cambria, the sub-adviser, the custodian, and the transfer agent, market makers, Authorized Participants, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests may subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches.

ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy will require it to effect redemptions by Authorized Participants, in whole or in part, for the cash value of large blocks of Shares called Creation Units. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions and be less tax-efficient than if the in-kind redemption process was used exclusively. In addition, cash redemptions may incur higher brokerage costs than in-kind redemptions, and these added costs may be borne by the Fund and negatively impact Fund performance.

Premium-Discount Risk. Shares may trade above (premium) or below (discount) their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market may pay brokerage commissions or other charges, which may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur a bid/ask spread, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

Inflation-Protected Security Risk. Inflation-protected securities, such as Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS), provide protection against inflation. Inflation-protected securities typically decrease in value when real interest rates rise and increase in value when real interest rates fall.

Liquidity Risk. The Fund may purchase options and invest in other instruments that may be less liquid than other types of investments. The options purchased by the Fund may not always be liquid. This could have a negative effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective and may result in losses to Fund shareholders.

Options Risk. The value of the Fund’s positions in options fluctuates in response to changes in the value of the underlying index. The Fund also risks losing all or part of the cash paid for purchasing put options. Because the Fund only purchases put options, the Fund’s losses from its exposure to put options is limited to the amount of premiums paid to the option seller.

Commodity Investing Risk. The Fund may invest in commodity-related companies, commodity futures and physical commodities through the Underlying Vehicles. These investments may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The commodities markets have experienced periods of extreme volatility. Similar future market conditions may result in rapid and substantial valuation increases or decreases in an Underlying Vehicle’s holdings.

Cyber Security Risk. The Fund, and its service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from a breach in cyber security, including cyber-attacks. A breach in cyber security, intentional or unintentional, may adversely impact the Fund in many ways, including, but not limited to, disruption of the Fund’s operational capacity, loss of proprietary information, theft or corruption of data, denial-of-service attacks on websites or network resources, and the unauthorized release of confidential information. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund’s third-party service providers, including Cambria, the sub-adviser, the custodian, and the transfer agent, market makers, Authorized Participants, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests may subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches.

Depositary Receipts Risk. The risks of investments in depositary receipts are substantially similar to the risks of investing directly in foreign securities. In addition, depositary receipts may not track the price of or may be less liquid than their underlying foreign securities, and the value of depositary receipts may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading.

Emerging Markets Risk. Emerging market investments are subject to the same risks as foreign investments and to additional risks due to greater political and economic uncertainties as well as a relative lack of information about issuers in such markets. For example, emerging markets may be subject to, among other risks, greater market volatility; lower trading volume and liquidity; greater social, political and economic uncertainty; governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards; fewer protections of property rights; fewer investor rights and limited legal, contractual or practical remedies available to investors against emerging market companies; restrictions on the transfer of securities or currency; and settlement and trading practices that differ from U.S. markets and markets of more developed countries.

ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Premium-Discount Risk. Shares may trade above (premium) or below (discount) their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market may pay brokerage commissions or other charges, which may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur a bid/ask spread, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

Exchange-Traded Funds, Exchange-Traded Products and Investment Companies Risk. The risks of investing in securities of ETFs, ETPs and investment companies typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the underlying ETF, ETP or investment company invests. In addition, with such investments, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the underlying entity. As a result, the Fund’s operating expenses may be higher and performance may be lower.

Futures Contracts Risk. Risks associated with the use of futures contracts include the following: (i) an imperfect correlation between movements in prices of index futures contracts and movements in the value of the stock index that the instrument is designed to simulate; and (ii) the possibility of an illiquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a position prior to its maturity date. Investments in futures may expose the Fund to leverage.

Geographic Investment Risk. To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in Underlying Vehicles that invest in securities of companies of a single country or region, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country or region.

Asia-Pacific Risk. Investments in securities of issuers in Asia-Pacific countries involve risks that are specific to the Asia-Pacific region, including certain legal, regulatory, political and economic risks. Certain Asia-Pacific countries have experienced expropriation and/or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political instability, armed conflict and social instability as a result of religious, ethnic, socio-economic and/or political unrest. Some economies in this region are dependent on a range of commodities, and are strongly affected by international commodity prices and particularly vulnerable to price changes for these products.

Europe Risk. Many countries in Europe are closely connected such that the social, economic and political events of one European country may have adverse effects across Europe. European countries that are members of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (“EU”) are subject to restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, interest rates, debt levels and fiscal and monetary controls. Member nations’ compliance with these economic controls and monetary policies may significantly impact every country in Europe. Decreasing imports or exports, changes in governmental or EU regulations on trade, changes in the exchange rate of the euro, the default or threat of default by an EU member country on its sovereign debt, and/or an economic recession in an EU member country may have a significant adverse effect on the economies of EU member countries and their trading partners.

Interest Rate Risk. The market value of fixed income securities, and financial instruments related to fixed income securities, will change in response to changes in interest rates. As interest rates rise, the value of certain fixed income securities is likely to decrease. Similarly, if interest rates decline, the value of fixed income securities is likely to increase. Longer maturity securities tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates and more volatile; and thus an Underlying Vehicle with a longer portfolio maturity generally is subject to greater interest rate risk. Risks associated with rising interest rates are heightened given the Federal Reserve’s recent increases in interest rates. To the extent that rates increase substantially and/or rapidly, an Underlying Vehicle investing in fixed incomes securities, and the Fund, may be subject to significant losses.

Investment Risk. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your Shares, they could be worth less than what you paid for them.

Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when a particular investment is difficult to purchase or sell. A significant, rapid rise in interest rates may result in a period of volatility and increased redemptions if Fund securities become illiquid and are forced to sell the illiquid securities at disadvantageous times or prices. This could have a negative effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective and may result in losses to Fund shareholders.

Market Events Risk. Turbulence in the financial markets, reduced liquidity in the equity markets, and/or the advent of certain economic or political events, including global events such as war, acts of terrorism, tariffs, or a public health crisis, may negatively affect issuers, which could have an adverse effect on certain Fund holdings. In addition, there is a risk that policy changes by the U.S. Government, Federal Reserve and/or other government actors, such as changes in interest rates, could cause increased volatility in financial markets and higher levels of Fund redemptions, which could have a negative impact on certain Fund holdings.

Options Risk. The prices of options may change rapidly over time and do not necessarily move in tandem with the price of the underlying securities. Options may expire unexercised, causing the Fund to lose the premium paid for them.

REIT Risk. Underlying Vehicles may be comprised of REITs. In addition to the risks associated with the real estate industry, REITs are subject to additional risks, including those related to adverse governmental actions and the potential failure to qualify for tax-free pass through of income and exemption from registration as an investment company. REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills and may invest in relatively few properties, a small geographic area or a small number of property types. As a result, investments in REITs may be volatile. REITs are pooled investment vehicles with their own fees and expenses and the Underlying Vehicle, as well as the Fund, will indirectly bear a proportionate share of those fees and expenses.

Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk. The Fund’s investments in Underlying Vehicles that are comprised of small and medium capitalization companies involve greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies. These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies. Often small and medium capitalization companies and the industries in which they focus are still evolving and, as a result, they may be more sensitive to changing market conditions.

Value Investment Risk. The Fund considers certain value metrics when selecting stocks for inclusion in its portfolio and, as a result, the Fund may underperform when the market favors stocks with growth characteristics or a non-value investment approach. Value investments are subject to the risk that their intrinsic value may never be realized by the market.

Currency Strategies Risk. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time and can be unpredictably affected by political developments or government intervention. Changes in currency exchange rates may affect the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s investments.

Emerging Markets Risk. Emerging market investments are subject to the same risks as foreign investments and to additional risks due to greater political and economic uncertainties as well as a relative lack of information about issuers in such markets. For example, emerging markets may be subject to, among other risks, greater market volatility; lower trading volume and liquidity; greater social, political and economic uncertainty; governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards; fewer protections of property rights; fewer investor rights and limited legal, contractual or practical remedies available to investors against emerging market companies; restrictions on the transfer of securities or currency; and settlement and trading practices that differ from U.S. markets and markets of more developed countries.

ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy will require it to effect redemptions by Authorized Participants, in whole or in part, for the cash value of large blocks of Shares called Creation Units. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions and be less tax-efficient than if the in-kind redemption process was used exclusively. In addition, cash redemptions may incur higher brokerage costs than in-kind redemptions, and these added costs may be borne by the Fund and negatively impact Fund performance.

Premium-Discount Risk. Shares may trade above (premium) or below (discount) their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market may pay brokerage commissions or other charges, which may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur a bid/ask spread, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

Geographic Investment Risk. To the extent the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies of a single country or region, it is more likely to be impacted by events or conditions affecting that country or region.

Investment Risk. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell your Shares, they could be worth less than what you paid for them.

Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed using a model-based approach, and the Adviser selects Fund investments on a periodic basis using a proprietary quantitative algorithm developed by the Adviser for the Fund. There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes, or the Adviser’s quantitative model, will be effective or successful investment management techniques or that the Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular Fund investments will be correct even if the Adviser’s overall investment strategies and processes are otherwise effective. Further, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

Momentum Investing Risk. Securities that have previously exhibited price momentum may be more volatile than a broad cross-section of securities and their returns may be less than the returns of the overall stock market or other styles of investing. High momentum may also be a sign that the securities’ prices have peaked. Momentum can turn quickly and cause significant variation from other types of investments. The Fund may experience significant losses if momentum stops, turns or otherwise behaves differently than predicted.

Quantitative Security Selection Risk. Cambria uses quantitative techniques to generate investment decisions and select stocks, and the Fund may not perform as intended if it relies on erroneous or outdated data from one or more third parties. Errors in data used in the quantitative model may occur from time to time and may not be identified and/or corrected before having an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.

Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk. Investing in securities of small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk than customarily is associated with investing in larger, more established companies. These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies, and they may be more sensitive to market conditions.

Buyback Risk. When a company repurchases its shares from the marketplace through share buybacks, investors may perceive this action to be a reflection of management’s belief that company shares are undervalued, but there is no guarantee that the price of a company’s stock will increase after the company announces a buyback. Accordingly, share buybacks may not be an accurate predictor of a company’s value or future share performance.

Dividend Paying Security Risk. Securities that pay high dividends as a group can fall out of favor with the market, causing these companies to underperform companies that do not pay high dividends. Also, changes in the dividend policies of companies owned by the Fund and the capital resources available for these companies’ dividend payments may adversely affect the Fund.

ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Premium-Discount Risk. Shares may trade above (premium) or below (discount) their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market may pay brokerage commissions or other charges, which may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur a bid/ask spread, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed using a model-based approach, and the Adviser selects Fund investments on a periodic basis using a proprietary quantitative algorithm developed by the Adviser for the Fund. There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes, or the Adviser’s quantitative model, will be effective or successful investment management techniques or that the Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular Fund investments will be correct even if the Adviser’s overall investment strategies and processes are otherwise effective. Further, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

Micro Capitalization Company Risk. In addition to the risks associated with investing in small capitalization companies, set forth below, micro capitalization companies are more vulnerable to adverse economic events and poor business conditions than larger, more established companies. The earnings and revenue of micro capitalization companies tend to be less predictable, and their securities are generally less liquid and subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes.

Sector Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a particular sector, the Fund may be susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that sector.

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers is tied closely to the performance of their local economy, the international economy, interest rates, competitive and consumer confidence. Success depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Changes in demographics and consumer tastes can also affect the demand for, and success of, consumer products in the marketplace.

Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financials sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. This sector has experienced significant losses in the recent past, and the impact of more stringent capital requirements and of recent or future regulation on any individual financial company or on the sector as a whole cannot be predicted.

Industrials Sector Risk. Issuers in the Industrials sector are affected by supply and demand, both for their specific product or service and for industrial sector products in general. The products of such issuers may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Government regulations, world events, economic conditions and exchange rates affect the performance of companies in the Industrials sector. Issuers in the Industrials sector may be adversely affected by liability for environmental damage, product liability claims and exchange rates. The Industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors.

Value Investment Risk. The Fund considers certain value metrics when selecting stocks for inclusion in its portfolio and, as a result, the Fund may underperform when the market favors stocks with growth characteristics or a non-value investment approach. Value investments are subject to the risk that their intrinsic value may never be realized by the market.

Corporate Bond Risk. Corporate bonds respond to economic developments, especially changes in interest rates, as well as perceptions of the creditworthiness and business prospects of individual issuers.

Emerging Markets Risk. Emerging market investments are subject to the same risks as foreign investments and to additional risks due to greater political and economic uncertainties as well as a relative lack of information about issuers in such markets. For example, emerging markets may be subject to, among other risks, greater market volatility; lower trading volume and liquidity; greater social, political and economic uncertainty; governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards; fewer protections of property rights; fewer investor rights and limited legal, contractual or practical remedies available to investors against emerging market companies; restrictions on the transfer of securities or currency; and settlement and trading practices that differ from U.S. markets and markets of more developed countries.

Inflation-Protected Security Risk. Inflation-protected securities, such as Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS), provide protection against inflation. Inflation-protected securities typically decrease in value when real interest rates rise and increase in value when real interest rates fall.

Exchange-Traded Funds and Investment Companies Risk. The risks of investing in securities of ETFs and investment companies typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the underlying ETF or investment company invests. In addition, with such investments, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the underlying entity. As a result, the Fund’s operating expenses may be higher and performance may be lower.

Interest Rate Risk. The market value of fixed income securities, and financial instruments related to fixed income securities, will change in response to changes in interest rates. As interest rates rise, the value of certain fixed income securities is likely to decrease. Similarly, if interest rates decline, the value of fixed income securities is likely to increase. Longer maturity securities tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates and more volatile; and thus if the Fund has a longer portfolio maturity, the Fund generally is subject to greater interest rate risk. Risks associated with rising interest rates are heightened given the Federal Reserve’s recent increases in interest rates. To the extent that rates increase substantially and/or rapidly, the Fund may be subject to significant losses.

Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed using a model-based approach, and the Adviser selects Fund investments on a periodic basis using a proprietary quantitative algorithm developed by the Adviser for the Fund. There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes, or the Adviser’s quantitative model, will be effective or successful investment management techniques or that the Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular Fund investments will be correct even if the Adviser’s overall investment strategies and processes are otherwise effective. Further, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Movements in interest rates (both increases and decreases) may quickly and significantly reduce the value of certain types of MBS. In addition, MBS generally can be prepaid at any time, and prepayments that occur either more quickly (prepayment risk) or more slowly (extension risk) than expected can adversely impact the value of such securities. MBS may be negatively affected by the quality of the underlying mortgages, the credit quality of its issuer or guarantor, and the nature and structure of its credit support. MBS not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government are subject to the risk of default on the underlying mortgage, particularly during periods of economic downturn.

Real Estate Industry Risk. To the extent the Fund invests in REITs, the Fund is subject to the risks related to investments in real estate, including declines in the real estate market, decreases in property revenues, increases in interest rates, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, legal and regulatory changes, a lack of credit or capital, defaults by borrowers or tenants, environmental problems and natural disasters.

Sovereign Debt Securities Risk. Investments in sovereign debt obligations involve special risks not present in corporate debt obligations. The issuer of the sovereign debt or the authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due, and the Fund may have limited recourse in the event of a default. During periods of economic uncertainty, the market prices of sovereign debt, and the Fund’s NAV, may be more volatile than prices of U.S. debt obligations. In the past, certain non-U.S. markets have encountered difficulties in servicing their debt obligations, withheld payments of principal and interest and declared moratoria on the payment of principal and interest on their sovereign debts. These risks increase for lower-rated and high yield debt securities, as discussed in this Prospectus.

Buyback Risk. When a company repurchases its shares from the marketplace through share buybacks, investors may perceive this action to be a reflection of management’s belief that company shares are undervalued, but there is no guarantee that the price of a company’s stock will increase after the company announces a buyback. Accordingly, share buybacks may not be an accurate predictor of a company’s value or future share performance.

Dividend Paying Security Risk. Securities that pay high dividends as a group can fall out of favor with the market, causing these companies to underperform companies that do not pay high dividends. Also, changes in the dividend policies of companies owned by the Fund and the capital resources available for these companies’ dividend payments may adversely affect the Fund.

ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Premium-Discount Risk. Shares may trade above (premium) or below (discount) their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market may pay brokerage commissions, which may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur a bid/ask spread, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

Large Capitalization Company Risk. The Fund’s investments in large capitalization companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.

Market Events Risk. Turbulence in the financial markets, reduced liquidity in the equity markets, and/or the advent of certain economic or political events, including global events such as war, acts of terrorism, tariffs, or a public health crisis, may negatively affect issuers, which could have an adverse effect on certain Fund holdings. In addition, there is a risk that policy changes by the U.S. Government, Federal Reserve and/or other government actors, such as changes in interest rates, could cause increased volatility in financial markets and higher levels of Fund redemptions, which could have a negative impact on certain Fund holdings.

Sector Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a particular economic sector, the Fund may be susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that sector.

Financials Sector Risk. Performance of companies in the financials sector may be adversely impacted by many factors, including, among others, government regulations, economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, changes in interest rates, and decreased liquidity in credit markets. This sector has experienced significant losses in the recent past, and the impact of more stringent capital requirements and of recent or future regulation on any individual financial company or on the sector as a whole cannot be predicted.

Energy Sector Risk. The energy sector includes, for example, oil, gas, and consumable fuel companies. Energy companies can be substantially impacted by, among other things, the volatility of oil prices, worldwide supply and demand, worldwide economic growth, and political instability in oil or gas producing regions such as the Middle East and Eastern Europe.

Convertible Securities Risk. Convertible securities are subject to market risk, interest rate risk, and credit risk similar to debt securities but are also subject to the same types of market and issuer risks that apply to their underlying common stock. The total return for a convertible security depends, in part, upon the performance of the underlying security into which it can be converted. In general, the market value of a convertible security performs similar to a debt security in that it tends to increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible securities of similar quality.

Cyber Security Risk. The Fund, and its service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from a breach in cyber security, including cyber-attacks. A breach in cyber security, intentional or unintentional, may adversely impact the Fund in many ways, including, but not limited to, disruption of the Fund’s operational capacity, loss of proprietary information, theft or corruption of data, denial-of-service attacks on websites or network resources, and the unauthorized release of confidential information. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund’s third-party service providers, including Cambria, the sub-adviser, the custodian, and the transfer agent, market makers, Authorized Participants, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests may subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches.

ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to effect redemptions by Authorized Participants, in whole or in part, for the cash value of large blocks of Shares called Creation Units. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions and be less tax-efficient than if the in-kind redemption process was used exclusively. In addition, cash redemptions may incur higher brokerage costs than in-kind redemptions and these added costs may be borne by the Fund and negatively impact Fund performance.

Premium-Discount Risk. Shares may trade above (premium) or below (discount) their NAV. The market prices of Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply of, and demand for, Shares on the Exchange. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market may pay brokerage commissions or other charges, which may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur a bid/ask spread, which

varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Although the Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

Fixed Income Risk. A decline in an issuer’s credit rating and/or financial condition may cause such issuer’s fixed income securities to decrease in value while experiencing increased volatility and investment risk. During periods of falling interest rates, an issuer of a callable bond held by the Fund may “call” (or repay) the security before its stated maturity, and the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income. The market value of a fixed income security generally changes in response to changes in interest rates and may change quickly and without warning in response to issuer defaults and changes in issuer credit ratings.

Foreign Investment Risk. Returns on investments in foreign securities could be more volatile than, or trail the returns on, investments in U.S. securities. Exposures to foreign securities entail special risks, including risks due to: (i) differences in information available about foreign issuers; (ii) differences in investor protection standards in other jurisdictions; (iii) capital controls risks, including the risk of a foreign jurisdiction imposing restrictions on the ability to repatriate or transfer currency or other assets; (iv) political, diplomatic and economic risks; (v) regulatory risks; (vi) the imposition of tariffs; and (vii) foreign market and trading risks, including the costs of trading and risks of settlement in foreign jurisdictions. In addition, the Fund’s investments in securities denominated in other currencies could decline due to changes in local currency relative to the value of the U.S. dollar, which may affect the Fund’s returns.

Interest Rate Risk. The market value of fixed income securities, and financial instruments related to fixed income securities, will change in response to changes in interest rates. As interest rates rise, the value of certain fixed income securities is likely to decrease. Similarly, if interest rates decline, the value of fixed income securities is likely to increase. Longer maturity securities tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates and more volatile; and thus if the Fund has a longer portfolio maturity, the Fund generally is subject to greater interest rate risk. Risks associated with rising interest rates are heightened given the Federal Reserve’s recent increases in interest rates. To the extent that rates increase substantially and/or rapidly, the Fund may be subject to significant losses.

Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed using a model-based approach, and the Adviser selects Fund investments on a periodic basis using a proprietary quantitative algorithm developed by the Adviser for the Fund. There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes, or the Adviser’s quantitative model, will be effective or successful investment management techniques or that the Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular Fund investments will be correct even if the Adviser’s overall investment strategies and processes are otherwise effective. Further, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. Movements in interest rates (both increases and decreases) may quickly and significantly reduce the value of certain types of MBS. In addition, MBS generally can be prepaid at any time, and prepayments that occur either more quickly (prepayment risk) or more slowly (extension risk) than expected can adversely impact the value of such securities. MBS may be negatively affected by the quality of the underlying mortgages, the credit quality of its issuer or guarantor, and the nature and structure of its credit support. MBS not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government are subject to the risk of default on the underlying mortgage, particularly during periods of economic downturn.

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s strategy may frequently involve buying and selling portfolio securities to adjust the Fund’s exposure to various fixed income categories based on target allocations established by the Fund’s quantitative algorithm. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders. Portfolio turnover risk may cause the Fund’s performance to be less than you expect.

Private Credit Risk. The Fund may invest indirectly in private credit through registered ETFs. Investments in private securities are illiquid. Private securities are not traded in public markets and can be subject to various restrictions on resale. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Fund, through its investments in other ETFs, will be able to realize the value of private securities in a timely manner. Further, private credit investments can range in credit quality depending on security-specific factors, including total leverage.

Sovereign Debt Securities Risk. Investments in sovereign debt obligations involve special risks not present in corporate debt obligations. The issuer of the sovereign debt or the authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due, and the Fund may have limited recourse in the event of a default. During periods of economic uncertainty, the market prices of sovereign debt, and the Fund’s NAV, may be more volatile than prices of U.S. debt obligations. In the past, certain non-U.S. markets have encountered difficulties in servicing their debt obligations, withheld payments of principal and interest and declared moratoria on the payment of principal and interest on their sovereign debts. These risks increase for lower-rated and high yield debt securities, as discussed in this Prospectus.