Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”).
Principles of Consolidation	Our financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis. Under this basis of presentation, our financial statements consolidate all wholly owned subsidiaries and VIEs, in which we have a controlling financial interest. These include various business trust entities and limited partnerships established to enter into warehouse credit agreements with certain lenders for funding debt facilities and certain asset-backed securitization transactions. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Within the consolidated financial statements and tables presented in the accompanying notes, certain columns and rows may not sum due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes. Prior period deferred tax amounts have been reclassified out of other assets to conform to the current period presentation as a separate line item on the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of cash flows. There was no effect on total assets. Our VIE variable interests arise from contractual, ownership, or other monetary interests in the entity, which change with fluctuations in the fair value of the entity’s net assets. We consolidate a VIE when we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. We assess whether or not we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to determination of the allowance for credit losses, capitalized internal-use software development costs, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, loss on loan purchase commitment, discount on directly originated loans, the evaluation for impairment of intangible assets and goodwill, the fair value of available for sale debt securities including retained interests in our securitization trusts and residual interest in structured transactions, the fair value of risk sharing arrangements, and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience, current events, and other factors we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or operating results will be materially affected. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of checking, money market and savings accounts held at financial institutions and short term highly liquid marketable securities, including money market funds, government and agency securities, and other corporate securities purchased with an original maturity of three months or less.
Restricted Cash	Restricted Cash Restricted cash consists primarily of: (i) servicing funds held in accounts contractually restricted by agreements with warehouse credit facilities, securitization trusts, and third-party loan owners; and (ii) funds held in accounts as collateral for our originating bank partners; and (iii) other collateral accounts. Our ability to withdraw funds is restricted by contractual provisions under the applicable agreements.
Securities Available for Sale	Securities Available for Sale We hold investments in marketable debt securities, securitization notes receivable and certificates in unconsolidated securitization trusts, and residual interests in structured transactions that are classified as available for sale. These investments are held at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net within other comprehensive income (loss), excluding the portion relating to any credit loss. As of the end of each reporting period, we review each security where the fair value is less than the amortized cost to determine whether any portion of the decline in fair value is due to a credit loss and/or whether or not we intend to sell or will be required to sell such security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. The portion of any decline in fair value identified as a credit loss will be recognized as an allowance for credit losses through other income (expense), net. To the extent we intend to sell or may be required to sell a security in an unrealized loss position, we 1) reverse any previously recorded allowance for credit losses with an offsetting entry to reduce the amortized cost basis of the security and 2) write-off any remaining portion of the amortized cost basis to equal its fair value, with this change recorded through other income (expense), net. Interest income for available for sale securities is recorded within other income (expense), net. For our investments in securitization notes receivable and residual trust certificates and for our residual interests in structured transactions, we recognize interest income each period based on the effective interest rate calculated using expected cash flows. Changes in the timing of expected cash flows are accounted for prospectively through an adjustment to interest income. From time to time, depending on our expectation regarding timing of expected cash flows from the investments, we may elect to place certain investments on non-accrual status, where any interest payment received is recorded as a direct reduction of the investment under the cost recovery method. Available for sale securities initially purchased with less than 90 days until maturity with quoted transaction prices in an active market are classified as cash and cash equivalents.
Loans Held for Investment	Loans Held for Investment We either originate loans directly or purchase our loans from our originating bank partners pursuant to the terms outlined in the respective executed loan sale program agreements between us and our bank partners. Loan receivables that we have the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are classified as held for investment and are reported at amortized cost, which includes unpaid principal balances, any related premiums including fees paid to our originating bank partners, discounts due to loss on loan purchase commitment for bank partner loans with a fair value below the purchase price on the loan purchase date, and discounts due to loss on directly originated loans with a fair value below loan par at origination, where applicable, adjusted for any charge-offs. The amortized cost is adjusted for the allowance for credit losses within loans held for investment, net.
Loans Held for Sale	Loans Held for Sale We sell certain loans to third-party loan buyers and unconsolidated securitization trusts. A loan is classified as held for sale when the loan is identified as for sale to a third-party loan buyer or to be sold to a securitization trust that is anticipated to be off-balance sheet. Loans classified as held for sale are recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. A loan that is initially designated as held for sale or held for investment may be reclassified when our intent for that loan changes. When a loan held for investment is reclassified to held for sale and reported at fair value, any allowance for the credit loss related to that loan is released and any fair value adjustment to record the loan at the lower of amortized cost or fair value is recorded. Our loans designated as held for sale are generally sold within one to three days of the balance sheet date.
Transfers of Financial Assets	Transfers of Financial Assets We account for loan sales in accordance with ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing” which states that a transfer of financial assets, a group of financial assets, or a participating interest in a financial asset is accounted for as a sale if all of the following conditions are met: a.The financial assets are isolated from the transferor and its consolidated affiliates as well as its creditors; b.The transferee or beneficial interest holders have the right to pledge or exchange the transferred financial assets; and c.The transferor does not maintain effective control of the transferred assets. When the requirements for sale accounting are met, we record the gain or loss on the sale of a loan at the sale date in an amount equal to the proceeds received less the carrying value of the loan, adjusted for initial recognition of assets obtained and liabilities incurred at the date of sale. Upon the sale of a loan to a third-party loan buyer or unconsolidated securitization trust in which we retain servicing rights, we may recognize a servicing asset or liability. A servicing asset or liability arises when our contractual servicing fee with a counterparty differs from the adequate compensation rate that would be required by a third party to service the same portfolio of assets. Servicing assets and liabilities are measured and recorded at fair value and are presented as a component of other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively. The recognition of a servicing asset results in a corresponding increase to gain on sales of loans. The recognition of a servicing liability results in a corresponding decrease to gain on sales of loans. The servicing rights are remeasured at fair value each period, with the subsequent adjustment recognized in servicing income. In connection with the sale of a loan to a third-party loan buyer or unconsolidated securitization trust we may also recognize a recourse liability, as in certain circumstances we may become required to re-purchase loans from third-party investors due to breaches in representations and warranties. The recognition of a recourse liability results in a corresponding decrease to gain on sales of loans. The recourse liability is remeasured each period based on the outstanding loan balance and changes in our expectation of future repurchase obligations. Subsequent remeasurement of the recourse liability is recognized in gain on sale of loans within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). In addition, we may recognize a risk share asset or liability in certain arrangements with a third-party loan buyer to make a payment to the loan buyer or are entitled to receive a payment from the loan buyer, depending on the actual versus expected loan performance as contractually agreed to with the counterparty, and subject to a cap based on a percentage of the principal balance of loans sold. The recognition of a risk share asset results in a corresponding increase to gain on sale of loans. The recognition of a risk share liability results in a corresponding decrease to gain on sales of loans. The risk share asset and liability are measured at fair value and remeasured each period based on the changes in inputs and assumptions for our expectation of future obligations. Subsequent remeasurement of the risk share asset and liability is recognized in gain on sale of loans within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Held for Investment	Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Held for Investment The allowance for credit losses on loans held for investment is determined based on management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining contractual term, historical credit losses, consumer payment trends, estimates of recoveries, and future expectations on individual loans as of each balance sheet date. We immediately recognize an allowance for expected credit losses upon the origination of a loan. Adjustments to the allowance each period for changes in our estimate of lifetime expected credit losses are recognized in earnings through the provision for credit losses presented within our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). We have made an accounting policy election to not measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. Previously recognized interest receivable from charged-off loans that is accrued but not collected from the consumer is reversed. In estimating the allowance for credit losses, management utilizes a migration analysis of delinquent and current loan receivables. Migration analysis is a technique used to estimate the likelihood that a loan receivable will progress through various stages of delinquency and to charge-off. The analysis focuses on the pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. These factors include historical performance, the age of the receivable balance, seasonality, customer credit-worthiness, changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency levels, bankruptcy filings and actual credit loss experience. We also take into consideration certain qualitative factors where we adjust our quantitative baseline using our best judgment to consider the inherent uncertainty regarding future economic conditions and consumer loan performance. For example, the Company considers the impact of current economic factors at the reporting date that did not exist over the period from which historical experience was used. As of June 30, 2026, we have considered the impact of Federal Reserve monetary policy, labor market trends, tariffs and inflation. When available information confirms that specific loans or portions thereof are uncollectible, identified amounts are charged against the allowance for credit losses. Loans are charged-off in accordance with our charge-off policy, as the contractual principal becomes 120 days past due or meets other charge-off policy requirements. Subsequent recoveries of the unpaid principal balance, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses.
Accounts Receivable, net	Accounts Receivable, net Our accounts receivable consist primarily of amounts due from payment processors, merchant partners, card-issuing partners, affiliate network partners and servicing fees due from third-party loan owners. For each of these groups, we evaluate accounts receivable to determine management’s current estimate of expected credit losses based on historical experience and future expectations and record an allowance for credit losses.
Property, Equipment and Software, net	Property, Equipment and Software, net Property, equipment and software consist of computer and office equipment, capitalized internal-use developed software and website development costs and leasehold improvements. Property, equipment and software is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses are recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the improvement’s estimated useful life or the remaining lease term. We capitalize costs to develop internally developed software when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software or website will function and be used as intended. Capitalized internal-use software costs primarily include salaries and payroll-related costs for employees directly involved in the development efforts and fees paid to external consultants. Such costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset, which range from three to five years. Costs incurred prior to meeting these criteria, together with costs incurred for training and maintenance, are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred for enhancements that are expected to result in additional functionality are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the upgrades. Capitalized internally developed software costs are included in property, equipment and software, and amortization expense is included in technology and data analytics expense within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Property, equipment and software is tested for impairment when there is an indication that the carrying value of the asset group it belongs to may not be recoverable. This would occur if the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by an asset group are less than its carrying value. When an asset group is determined not to be recoverable, the impairment is measured based on the excess, if any, of the carrying value of the asset group over its respective fair value and recorded in the period the determination is made.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets We recognize the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired at the acquisition date as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for impairment annually and more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the reporting unit does not pass the qualitative assessment, then the reporting unit’s carrying value is compared to its fair value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the reporting unit’s carrying value, then the carrying value of the reporting unit is deemed to be recoverable. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than the reporting unit’s fair value, goodwill is impaired and written down to the reporting unit’s fair value. Identifiable intangible assets include developed technology, merchant relationships, assembled workforce, and trade names resulting from acquisitions, including asset acquisitions. Acquired intangible assets are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition and amortized over their estimated economic lives on a straight-line basis. Acquired intangible assets are presented net of accumulated amortization within the consolidated balance sheets. We review the carrying amounts of intangible assets for impairment at the asset group level whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable. We measure the recoverability of the asset group by comparing its carrying amount to the future undiscounted cash flows we expect the asset group to generate. If we consider the asset group to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its fair value. In addition, we periodically evaluate the estimated remaining useful lives of long-lived intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of depreciation or amortization.
Leases	Leases We determine whether an arrangement is a lease for accounting purposes at contract inception. For operating leases, we record a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, which represents our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. A corresponding lease liability, which represents our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. To discount the lease payments, we use an incremental borrowing rate derived from a corporate yield curve corresponding with the lease term using information available on the commencement date. We have the option to renew or extend our leases. We include these periods in the lease term when a decision has been made to exercise the option. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have elected the short-term lease exception and will not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for qualifying leases with a term of less than 12 months from lease commencement.
Equity Securities Held at Cost	Equity Securities Held at Cost Equity securities held at cost which do not have a readily determinable fair value are measured at cost less impairment, if any, and adjusted for changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment in the same issuer (the “measurement alternative”). Gains and losses on the investment due to observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer or impairment, if any, are recognized in other income, net within our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and a new carrying value is established for the investment upon such recognition. To support our impairment analysis, we may estimate the fair value of the equity securities held at cost using valuation methodologies based on significant unobservable inputs, including management estimates and assumptions, which represent Level 3 measurements.
Funding Debt	Funding Debt To finance loans that we purchase from our originating bank partners or originate directly, we borrow from various lenders through collateralized funding arrangements, which include our warehouse and variable funding note credit facilities secured by pledged loans, and sale and repurchase agreements secured by pledging certain retained interests in our off-balance sheet securitizations. These borrowings are carried at amortized cost. Costs incurred in connection with borrowings, such as banker fees, commitment fees and legal fees, are classified as deferred debt issuance costs. We defer these costs and amortize them on a straight-line basis over the expected term of the debt. Interest payments and amortization of debt issuance costs incurred on funding debt is presented as funding costs within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Unamortized debt issuance costs are presented as a reduction of the associated debt.
Notes Issued by Securitization Trusts	Notes Issued by Securitization Trusts In connection with our asset-backed securitization program, we sponsor and establish trusts (deemed to be VIEs) to ultimately purchase loans facilitated by our platform. Where we consolidate the securitization trusts, the loans held in the securitization trusts are included in loans held for investment, and the notes sold to third-party investors are recorded in notes issued by securitization trusts within the consolidated balance sheets. We defer and amortize note issuance costs, including banker fees, legal fees and other professional service fees, for consolidated securitization trusts on a straight-line basis over the expected life of the notes. Interest payments and amortization of note issuance costs incurred is presented as funding costs within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Unamortized note issuance costs are presented as a reduction of the associated notes.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized as an income tax expense (benefit) in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are provided when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely than not expected to be realized based on the weighting of positive and negative evidence. Future realization of deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryback or carryforward periods available under the applicable tax law. We regularly review the deferred tax assets for recoverability based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences, and tax planning strategies. Should there be a change in the ability to recover deferred tax assets, our income tax provision would increase or decrease in the period in which the assessment is changed. The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex federal, state, and foreign tax laws and regulations, and positions taken in our tax returns may be subject to challenge by the taxing authorities upon examination. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, uncertain tax positions are recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the positions will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities, assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Interest and penalties, if any, on income tax uncertainties are classified within income tax expense in the income statement.
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities	Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities We apply fair value accounting to assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. In general, fair values of financial instruments are based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that use observable market-based inputs to the greatest extent possible. Fair value measurements are classified within the following hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation methodology: •Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices, unadjusted, for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and is used to measure fair value whenever available. •Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or inputs to the valuation methodology that are derived principally from or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. •Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Our revenue consists of five components: merchant network revenue, card network revenue, interest income, gain on sale of loans and servicing income.
Loss on Loan Purchase Commitment	Loss on Loan Purchase Commitment We purchase certain loans from our originating bank partners that are processed through our platform that our originating bank partner puts back to us. Under the terms of the agreements with our originating bank partners, we are generally required to pay the principal amount plus accrued interest for such loans and fees. In certain instances, our originating bank partners may originate loans with zero or below market interest rates that we are required to purchase. In these instances, we may be required to purchase the loan for a price in excess of the fair market value of such loans, which results in a loss. These losses are recognized as loss on loan purchase commitment within our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). These costs are incurred on a per loan basis. Due to the nature of this arrangement with our originating bank partners, we recognize a net liability for this commitment when the merchant confirms the transaction. This liability is recorded at fair value, which is determined by the difference between the estimated fair value of the loan and the anticipated purchase price. Upon purchase, the liability is included in the amortized cost basis of the purchased loan as a discount, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan.
Platform Partners	Platform Partners We have agreements with third-party platform partners through which we obtain access to certain merchant relationships and utilize them as a means of integrating Affirm services. As we maintain separate agreements with platform partners and merchants, the existence of a platform partner does not typically impact our Principal vs. Agent assessment in relation to the Merchant, where we have concluded that we are the Principal to the merchant customer in providing the facilitation of credit services. We make payments to platform partners for each eligible transaction processed through the platform integration. Payments made to platform partners are recorded in processing and servicing expense as incurred within our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Sales and Marketing Costs	Sales and Marketing Costs Sales and marketing costs include the expense related to warrants and other share-based payments granted to our enterprise partners. Refer to Note 5. Balance Sheet Components for more information on these arrangements. Sales and marketing costs also include salaries and personnel-related costs, costs of marketing and promotional activities, and certain losses on loan origination for loans originated by our wholly-owned subsidiaries. A portion of these costs related to general marketing and promotional activities are considered advertising costs within the meaning of ASC Topic 720, “Other Expenses,” and are expensed as incurred.
Derivative Instruments	Derivative Instruments We use derivative financial instruments (“derivatives”) to manage exposure to variable interest rates. Our primary objective in holding derivatives is to reduce the volatility in cash flows associated with our funding activities arising from changes in interest rates. We do not employ derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. We use a combination of interest rate cap agreements and interest rate swaps to manage interest costs and exposure to variable interest rates. Derivative instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at fair value. We designate certain derivative instruments as cash flow hedges, while others are not designated as hedges. Certain of our derivative agreements provide for netting arrangements with the same counterparty; however, we do not offset assets and liabilities under these arrangements for financial statement presentation purposes. As such, the fair values are presented gross within other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities. Offsetting collateral received from or paid to the counterparty is presented gross within accrued expenses and other liabilities or other assets, as applicable, within the consolidated balance sheet. Cash flows associated with our derivative instruments are reported within cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Cash Flow Hedges We designate certain interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges to mitigate our exposure to changes in interest rates related to our funding activities. In accordance with our risk management policies, we structure our hedges with terms similar to those of the item being hedged. At inception, we assess whether the hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes to the forecasted cash flows of the hedged items and formally document the hedge relationship. We reassess hedge effectiveness on a quarterly basis. If the cash flow hedges are deemed to be highly effective, the gain or loss on the cash flow hedges are recorded within other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) and reclassified into earnings when the hedged cash flows are recognized in funding costs within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The amount that is reclassified into earnings is presented within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) within funding costs, the same line item in which the hedged transaction is recognized. Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges We have interest rate caps and interest rate swaps that are not designated as hedging instruments. We enter into these contracts to manage interest rate risk. Any changes in the fair value of these financial instruments are reflected in other income, net, within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation We recognize compensation cost for stock-based awards over the requisite service period based on the grant-date fair value of the award. We have elected to estimate the expected forfeiture rate for service-based awards and only recognize expense for those stock-based awards expected to vest. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on our historical experience with stock-based awards that are forfeited prior to vesting. The fair value of stock-based awards, granted or modified, is determined on the grant date (or the modification date, if applicable) at fair value, using appropriate valuation techniques. Service-Based Awards We record stock-based compensation expense for service-based stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally one to four years. The fair value of each RSU is equal to the closing stock price on the date of grant. The fair value of each option on the date of grant is determined using the Black Scholes-Merton option pricing model using the single-option award approach. We estimate volatility using a weighted average of our historical volatility and the historical volatility of selected comparable publicly-traded companies due to the limited time period of historical market data for our common stock. The risk-free interest rate is determined using a U.S. Treasury rate for the period that coincides with the expected term of the award. We use the simplified method to determine an estimate of the expected term of an employee stock option. The grant-date fair value of equity-classified stock-based awards to non-employees is recognized as expense in the period and manner as though we had paid cash in exchange for goods or services instead of granting a stock-based award. Upon exercise or vesting of a stock-based award, the tax effect of the difference, if any, between the cumulative compensation cost recognized for financial statement purposes and the deduction for income tax purposes, will be recognized as an income tax expense or benefit in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Performance-Based Awards We record stock-based compensation expense for performance stock units (“PSUs”) based on the number of PSUs that are probable of vesting on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally three years. The fair value of each PSU is equal to the closing stock price on the date of grant. Refer to Note 14. Equity Incentive Plans for additional information on the PSUs. Market-Based Awards We have granted stock option awards with service-based, performance-based, and market-based vesting conditions. The grant-date fair value of market-based equity awards is recorded as stock-based compensation expense on an accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period if the performance-based conditions are considered probable of being satisfied.
Foreign Currency	Foreign Currency We have wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries that use the local currency of their respective country as their functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet dates. Revenue, expenses, and gains or losses of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates for each period. Gains and losses resulting from these translations are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”). Gains and losses from the remeasurement of foreign currency transactions into the functional currency are recognized as other income (expense), net, in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Common Share	Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Common Share We calculate net income or loss per share using the two-class method. The two-class method requires income available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between each class of common stock and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. Our convertible senior notes represent participating securities, and net income will be allocated to these securities in any periods during which a portion of the earnings is required to be attributed to the notes. We calculate basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders for Class A and Class B common stock by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in each class for the period. We calculate diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in each class, after giving consideration to the dilutive effect of our stock options, restricted and performance stock units, employee stock purchase plan shares, convertible debt and common stock warrants that are outstanding during the period. In periods where we have generated a net loss, the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders are the same as the inclusion of the potentially dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted	Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Income Taxes In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. The new guidance modifies the existing annual income tax reporting disclosures. The purpose of the update is to increase transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures primarily through improvements to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company adopted the new standard effective June 30, 2026 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have any impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Refer to Note 16. Income Taxes for the enhanced disclosures. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted Reporting Comprehensive Income In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2024-03, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 to clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03. The new guidance requires disclosure, in the notes to the financial statements, specified information about certain income statement costs and expenses for each interim and annual reporting period. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Debt with Conversion and Other Options In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments”. The new guidance clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt should be accounted for as an induced conversion. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets”. The new guidance introduces a practical expedient for estimating expected credit losses on current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and should be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Internal-Use Software In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software”. The new guidance primarily changes the software cost capitalization criteria and modifies the website development cost guidance. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and may be applied on a prospective, modified transition, or retrospective basis approach. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Derivatives and Hedging In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements”. The new guidance is primarily intended to enable entities to achieve and maintain hedge accounting for a broader group of highly effective economic hedges. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and should be applied on a prospective basis. The amendments may also be applied to hedging relationships existing as of the date of adoption. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Interim Reporting In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, “Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements”. The new guidance primarily clarifies the required interim disclosure requirements. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and may be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2026

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”).

Principles of Consolidation

Our financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis. Under this basis of presentation, our financial statements consolidate all wholly owned subsidiaries and VIEs, in which we have a controlling financial interest. These include various business trust entities and limited partnerships established to enter into warehouse credit agreements with certain lenders for funding debt facilities and certain asset-backed securitization transactions. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Within the consolidated financial statements and tables presented in the accompanying notes, certain columns and rows may not sum due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes. Prior period deferred tax amounts have been reclassified out of other assets to conform to the current period presentation as a separate line item on the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of cash flows. There was no effect on total assets.

Our VIE variable interests arise from contractual, ownership, or other monetary interests in the entity, which change with fluctuations in the fair value of the entity’s net assets. We consolidate a VIE when we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. We assess whether or not we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to determination of the allowance for credit losses, capitalized internal-use software development costs, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, loss on loan purchase commitment, discount on directly originated loans, the evaluation for impairment of intangible assets and goodwill, the fair value of available for sale debt securities including retained interests in our securitization trusts and residual interest in structured transactions, the fair value

of risk sharing arrangements, and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience, current events, and other factors we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or operating results will be materially affected.

These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of checking, money market and savings accounts held at financial institutions and short term highly liquid marketable securities, including money market funds, government and agency securities, and other corporate securities purchased with an original maturity of three months or less.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists primarily of: (i) servicing funds held in accounts contractually restricted by agreements with warehouse credit facilities, securitization trusts, and third-party loan owners; and (ii) funds held in accounts as collateral for our originating bank partners; and (iii) other collateral accounts. Our ability to withdraw funds is restricted by contractual provisions under the applicable agreements.

Securities Available for Sale

We hold investments in marketable debt securities, securitization notes receivable and certificates in unconsolidated securitization trusts, and residual interests in structured transactions that are classified as available for sale. These investments are held at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net within other comprehensive income (loss), excluding the portion relating to any credit loss. As of the end of each reporting period, we review each security where the fair value is less than the amortized cost to determine whether any portion of the decline in fair value is due to a credit loss and/or whether or not we intend to sell or will be required to sell such security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. The portion of any decline in fair value identified as a credit loss will be recognized as an allowance for credit losses through other income (expense), net. To the extent we intend to sell or may be required to sell a security in an unrealized loss position, we 1) reverse any previously recorded allowance for credit losses with an offsetting entry to reduce the amortized cost basis of the security and 2) write-off any remaining portion of the amortized cost basis to equal its fair value, with this change recorded through other income (expense), net.

Interest income for available for sale securities is recorded within other income (expense), net. For our investments in securitization notes receivable and residual trust certificates and for our residual interests in structured transactions, we recognize interest income each period based on the effective interest rate calculated using expected cash flows. Changes in the timing of expected cash flows are accounted for prospectively through an adjustment to interest income. From time to time, depending on our expectation regarding timing of expected cash flows from the investments, we may elect to place certain investments on non-accrual status, where any interest payment received is recorded as a direct reduction of the investment under the cost recovery method.

Available for sale securities initially purchased with less than 90 days until maturity with quoted transaction prices in an active market are classified as cash and cash equivalents.

Loans Held for Investment

We either originate loans directly or purchase our loans from our originating bank partners pursuant to the terms outlined in the respective executed loan sale program agreements between us and our bank partners. Loan receivables that we have the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are classified as held for investment and are reported at amortized cost, which includes unpaid principal balances, any related premiums including fees paid to our originating bank partners, discounts due to loss on loan purchase

commitment for bank partner loans with a fair value below the purchase price on the loan purchase date, and discounts due to loss on directly originated loans with a fair value below loan par at origination, where applicable, adjusted for any charge-offs. The amortized cost is adjusted for the allowance for credit losses within loans held for investment, net.

Loans Held for Sale

We sell certain loans to third-party loan buyers and unconsolidated securitization trusts. A loan is classified as held for sale when the loan is identified as for sale to a third-party loan buyer or to be sold to a securitization trust that is anticipated to be off-balance sheet. Loans classified as held for sale are recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. A loan that is initially designated as held for sale or held for investment may be reclassified when our intent for that loan changes. When a loan held for investment is reclassified to held for sale and reported at fair value, any allowance for the credit loss related to that loan is released and any fair value adjustment to record the loan at the lower of amortized cost or fair value is recorded. Our loans designated as held for sale are generally sold within one to three days of the balance sheet date.

Transfers of Financial Assets

We account for loan sales in accordance with ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing” which states that a transfer of financial assets, a group of financial assets, or a participating interest in a financial asset is accounted for as a sale if all of the following conditions are met:

a.The financial assets are isolated from the transferor and its consolidated affiliates as well as its creditors;

b.The transferee or beneficial interest holders have the right to pledge or exchange the transferred financial assets; and

c.The transferor does not maintain effective control of the transferred assets.

When the requirements for sale accounting are met, we record the gain or loss on the sale of a loan at the sale date in an amount equal to the proceeds received less the carrying value of the loan, adjusted for initial recognition of assets obtained and liabilities incurred at the date of sale.

Upon the sale of a loan to a third-party loan buyer or unconsolidated securitization trust in which we retain servicing rights, we may recognize a servicing asset or liability. A servicing asset or liability arises when our contractual servicing fee with a counterparty differs from the adequate compensation rate that would be required by a third party to service the same portfolio of assets. Servicing assets and liabilities are measured and recorded at fair value and are presented as a component of other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively. The recognition of a servicing asset results in a corresponding increase to gain on sales of loans. The recognition of a servicing liability results in a corresponding decrease to gain on sales of loans. The servicing rights are remeasured at fair value each period, with the subsequent adjustment recognized in servicing income.

In connection with the sale of a loan to a third-party loan buyer or unconsolidated securitization trust we may also recognize a recourse liability, as in certain circumstances we may become required to re-purchase loans from third-party investors due to breaches in representations and warranties. The recognition of a recourse liability results in a corresponding decrease to gain on sales of loans. The recourse liability is remeasured each period based on the outstanding loan balance and changes in our expectation of future repurchase obligations. Subsequent remeasurement of the recourse liability is recognized in gain on sale of loans within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

In addition, we may recognize a risk share asset or liability in certain arrangements with a third-party loan buyer to make a payment to the loan buyer or are entitled to receive a payment from the loan buyer, depending on the actual versus expected loan performance as contractually agreed to with the counterparty, and subject to a cap based on a percentage of the principal balance of loans sold. The recognition of a risk share asset results in a

corresponding increase to gain on sale of loans. The recognition of a risk share liability results in a corresponding decrease to gain on sales of loans. The risk share asset and liability are measured at fair value and remeasured each period based on the changes in inputs and assumptions for our expectation of future obligations. Subsequent remeasurement of the risk share asset and liability is recognized in gain on sale of loans within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Held for Investment

The allowance for credit losses on loans held for investment is determined based on management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining contractual term, historical credit losses, consumer payment trends, estimates of recoveries, and future expectations on individual loans as of each balance sheet date. We immediately recognize an allowance for expected credit losses upon the origination of a loan. Adjustments to the allowance each period for changes in our estimate of lifetime expected credit losses are recognized in earnings through the provision for credit losses presented within our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). We have made an accounting policy election to not measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. Previously recognized interest receivable from charged-off loans that is accrued but not collected from the consumer is reversed.

In estimating the allowance for credit losses, management utilizes a migration analysis of delinquent and current loan receivables. Migration analysis is a technique used to estimate the likelihood that a loan receivable will progress through various stages of delinquency and to charge-off. The analysis focuses on the pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. These factors include historical performance, the age of the receivable balance, seasonality, customer credit-worthiness, changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency levels, bankruptcy filings and actual credit loss experience. We also take into consideration certain qualitative factors where we adjust our quantitative baseline using our best judgment to consider the inherent uncertainty regarding future economic conditions and consumer loan performance. For example, the Company considers the impact of current economic factors at the reporting date that did not exist over the period from which historical experience was used. As of June 30, 2026, we have considered the impact of Federal Reserve monetary policy, labor market trends, tariffs and inflation.

When available information confirms that specific loans or portions thereof are uncollectible, identified amounts are charged against the allowance for credit losses. Loans are charged-off in accordance with our charge-off policy, as the contractual principal becomes 120 days past due or meets other charge-off policy requirements. Subsequent recoveries of the unpaid principal balance, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses.

Accounts Receivable, net

Our accounts receivable consist primarily of amounts due from payment processors, merchant partners, card-issuing partners, affiliate network partners and servicing fees due from third-party loan owners. For each of these groups, we evaluate accounts receivable to determine management’s current estimate of expected credit losses based on historical experience and future expectations and record an allowance for credit losses.

Property, Equipment and Software, net

Property, equipment and software consist of computer and office equipment, capitalized internal-use developed software and website development costs and leasehold improvements. Property, equipment and software is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses are recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the improvement’s estimated useful life or the remaining lease term.

We capitalize costs to develop internally developed software when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, and it is probable that the

project will be completed and the software or website will function and be used as intended. Capitalized internal-use software costs primarily include salaries and payroll-related costs for employees directly involved in the development efforts and fees paid to external consultants. Such costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset, which range from three to five years. Costs incurred prior to meeting these criteria, together with costs incurred for training and maintenance, are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred for enhancements that are expected to result in additional functionality are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the upgrades. Capitalized internally developed software costs are included in property, equipment and software, and amortization expense is included in technology and data analytics expense within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Property, equipment and software is tested for impairment when there is an indication that the carrying value of the asset group it belongs to may not be recoverable. This would occur if the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by an asset group are less than its carrying value. When an asset group is determined not to be recoverable, the impairment is measured based on the excess, if any, of the carrying value of the asset group over its respective fair value and recorded in the period the determination is made.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

We recognize the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired at the acquisition date as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for impairment annually and more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the reporting unit does not pass the qualitative assessment, then the reporting unit’s carrying value is compared to its fair value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the reporting unit’s carrying value, then the carrying value of the reporting unit is deemed to be recoverable. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than the reporting unit’s fair value, goodwill is impaired and written down to the reporting unit’s fair value.

Identifiable intangible assets include developed technology, merchant relationships, assembled workforce, and trade names resulting from acquisitions, including asset acquisitions. Acquired intangible assets are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition and amortized over their estimated economic lives on a straight-line basis. Acquired intangible assets are presented net of accumulated amortization within the consolidated balance sheets. We review the carrying amounts of intangible assets for impairment at the asset group level whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable. We measure the recoverability of the asset group by comparing its carrying amount to the future undiscounted cash flows we expect the asset group to generate. If we consider the asset group to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its fair value. In addition, we periodically evaluate the estimated remaining useful lives of long-lived intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of depreciation or amortization.

Leases

We determine whether an arrangement is a lease for accounting purposes at contract inception. For operating leases, we record a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, which represents our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. A corresponding lease liability, which represents our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. To discount the lease payments, we use an incremental borrowing rate derived from a corporate yield curve corresponding with the lease term using information available on the commencement date. We have the option to renew or extend our leases. We include these periods in the lease term when a decision has been made to exercise the option. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We have elected the short-term lease exception and will not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for qualifying leases with a term of less than 12 months from lease commencement.

Equity Securities Held at Cost

Equity securities held at cost which do not have a readily determinable fair value are measured at cost less impairment, if any, and adjusted for changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment in the same issuer (the “measurement alternative”).

Gains and losses on the investment due to observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer or impairment, if any, are recognized in other income, net within our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and a new carrying value is established for the investment upon such recognition.

To support our impairment analysis, we may estimate the fair value of the equity securities held at cost using valuation methodologies based on significant unobservable inputs, including management estimates and assumptions, which represent Level 3 measurements.

Funding Debt

To finance loans that we purchase from our originating bank partners or originate directly, we borrow from various lenders through collateralized funding arrangements, which include our warehouse and variable funding note credit facilities secured by pledged loans, and sale and repurchase agreements secured by pledging certain retained interests in our off-balance sheet securitizations. These borrowings are carried at amortized cost. Costs incurred in connection with borrowings, such as banker fees, commitment fees and legal fees, are classified as deferred debt issuance costs. We defer these costs and amortize them on a straight-line basis over the expected term of the debt. Interest payments and amortization of debt issuance costs incurred on funding debt is presented as funding costs within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Unamortized debt issuance costs are presented as a reduction of the associated debt.

Notes Issued by Securitization Trusts

In connection with our asset-backed securitization program, we sponsor and establish trusts (deemed to be VIEs) to ultimately purchase loans facilitated by our platform. Where we consolidate the securitization trusts, the loans held in the securitization trusts are included in loans held for investment, and the notes sold to third-party investors are recorded in notes issued by securitization trusts within the consolidated balance sheets. We defer and amortize note issuance costs, including banker fees, legal fees and other professional service fees, for consolidated securitization trusts on a straight-line basis over the expected life of the notes. Interest payments and amortization of note issuance costs incurred is presented as funding costs within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Unamortized note issuance costs are presented as a reduction of the associated notes.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized as an income tax expense (benefit) in the period that includes the enactment date.

Valuation allowances are provided when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely than not expected to be realized based on the weighting of positive and negative evidence. Future

realization of deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryback or carryforward periods available under the applicable tax law. We regularly review the deferred tax assets for recoverability based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences, and tax planning strategies. Should there be a change in the ability to recover deferred tax assets, our income tax provision would increase or decrease in the period in which the assessment is changed.

The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex federal, state, and foreign tax laws and regulations, and positions taken in our tax returns may be subject to challenge by the taxing authorities upon examination. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, uncertain tax positions are recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the positions will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities, assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Interest and penalties, if any, on income tax uncertainties are classified within income tax expense in the income statement.

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

We apply fair value accounting to assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. In general, fair values of financial instruments are based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that use observable market-based inputs to the greatest extent possible.

Fair value measurements are classified within the following hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation methodology:

•Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices, unadjusted, for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and is used to measure fair value whenever available.

•Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or inputs to the valuation methodology that are derived principally from or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

•Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue consists of five components: merchant network revenue, card network revenue, interest income, gain on sale of loans and servicing income.

Loss on Loan Purchase Commitment

We purchase certain loans from our originating bank partners that are processed through our platform that our originating bank partner puts back to us. Under the terms of the agreements with our originating bank partners, we are generally required to pay the principal amount plus accrued interest for such loans and fees. In certain instances, our originating bank partners may originate loans with zero or below market interest rates that we are required to purchase. In these instances, we may be required to purchase the loan for a price in excess of the fair market value of such loans, which results in a loss. These losses are recognized as loss on loan purchase commitment within our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). These costs are incurred on a per loan basis.

Due to the nature of this arrangement with our originating bank partners, we recognize a net liability for this commitment when the merchant confirms the transaction. This liability is recorded at fair value, which is determined by the difference between the estimated fair value of the loan and the anticipated purchase price. Upon purchase, the liability is included in the amortized cost basis of the purchased loan as a discount, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan.

Platform Partners

We have agreements with third-party platform partners through which we obtain access to certain merchant relationships and utilize them as a means of integrating Affirm services. As we maintain separate agreements with platform partners and merchants, the existence of a platform partner does not typically impact our Principal vs. Agent assessment in relation to the Merchant, where we have concluded that we are the Principal to the merchant customer in providing the facilitation of credit services. We make payments to platform partners for each eligible transaction processed through the platform integration. Payments made to platform partners are recorded in processing and servicing expense as incurred within our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Sales and Marketing Costs

Sales and marketing costs include the expense related to warrants and other share-based payments granted to our enterprise partners. Refer to Note 5. Balance Sheet Components for more information on these arrangements. Sales and marketing costs also include salaries and personnel-related costs, costs of marketing and promotional activities, and certain losses on loan origination for loans originated by our wholly-owned subsidiaries. A portion of these costs related to general marketing and promotional activities are considered advertising costs within the meaning of ASC Topic 720, “Other Expenses,” and are expensed as incurred.

Derivative Instruments

We use derivative financial instruments (“derivatives”) to manage exposure to variable interest rates. Our primary objective in holding derivatives is to reduce the volatility in cash flows associated with our funding activities arising from changes in interest rates. We do not employ derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

We use a combination of interest rate cap agreements and interest rate swaps to manage interest costs and exposure to variable interest rates. Derivative instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at fair value. We designate certain derivative instruments as cash flow hedges, while others are not designated as hedges. Certain of our derivative agreements provide for netting arrangements with the same counterparty; however, we do not offset assets and liabilities under these arrangements for financial statement presentation purposes. As such, the fair values are presented gross within other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities. Offsetting collateral received from or paid to the counterparty is presented gross within accrued expenses and other liabilities or other assets, as applicable, within the consolidated balance sheet. Cash flows associated with our derivative instruments are reported within cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Cash Flow Hedges

We designate certain interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges to mitigate our exposure to changes in interest rates related to our funding activities. In accordance with our risk management policies, we structure our hedges with terms similar to those of the item being hedged. At inception, we assess whether the hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes to the forecasted cash flows of the hedged items and formally document the hedge relationship. We reassess hedge effectiveness on a quarterly basis.

If the cash flow hedges are deemed to be highly effective, the gain or loss on the cash flow hedges are recorded within other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) and reclassified into earnings when the hedged cash

flows are recognized in funding costs within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The amount that is reclassified into earnings is presented within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) within funding costs, the same line item in which the hedged transaction is recognized.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges

We have interest rate caps and interest rate swaps that are not designated as hedging instruments. We enter into these contracts to manage interest rate risk. Any changes in the fair value of these financial instruments are reflected in other income, net, within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize compensation cost for stock-based awards over the requisite service period based on the grant-date fair value of the award. We have elected to estimate the expected forfeiture rate for service-based awards and only recognize expense for those stock-based awards expected to vest. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on our historical experience with stock-based awards that are forfeited prior to vesting.

The fair value of stock-based awards, granted or modified, is determined on the grant date (or the modification date, if applicable) at fair value, using appropriate valuation techniques.

Service-Based Awards

We record stock-based compensation expense for service-based stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally one to four years. The fair value of each RSU is equal to the closing stock price on the date of grant. The fair value of each option on the date of grant is determined using the Black Scholes-Merton option pricing model using the single-option award approach. We estimate volatility using a weighted average of our historical volatility and the historical volatility of selected comparable publicly-traded companies due to the limited time period of historical market data for our common stock. The risk-free interest rate is determined using a U.S. Treasury rate for the period that coincides with the expected term of the award. We use the simplified method to determine an estimate of the expected term of an employee stock option.

The grant-date fair value of equity-classified stock-based awards to non-employees is recognized as expense in the period and manner as though we had paid cash in exchange for goods or services instead of granting a stock-based award.

Upon exercise or vesting of a stock-based award, the tax effect of the difference, if any, between the cumulative compensation cost recognized for financial statement purposes and the deduction for income tax purposes, will be recognized as an income tax expense or benefit in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Performance-Based Awards

We record stock-based compensation expense for performance stock units (“PSUs”) based on the number of PSUs that are probable of vesting on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally three years. The fair value of each PSU is equal to the closing stock price on the date of grant. Refer to Note 14. Equity Incentive Plans for additional information on the PSUs.

Market-Based Awards

We have granted stock option awards with service-based, performance-based, and market-based vesting conditions. The grant-date fair value of market-based equity awards is recorded as stock-based compensation expense on an accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period if the performance-based conditions are considered probable of being satisfied.

Foreign Currency

We have wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries that use the local currency of their respective country as their functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet dates. Revenue, expenses, and gains or losses of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates for each period. Gains and losses resulting from these translations are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”). Gains and losses from the remeasurement of foreign currency transactions into the functional currency are recognized as other income (expense), net, in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

We calculate net income or loss per share using the two-class method. The two-class method requires income available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between each class of common stock and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. Our convertible senior notes represent participating securities, and net income will be allocated to these securities in any periods during which a portion of the earnings is required to be attributed to the notes.

We calculate basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders for Class A and Class B common stock by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in each class for the period.

We calculate diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in each class, after giving consideration to the dilutive effect of our stock options, restricted and performance stock units, employee stock purchase plan shares, convertible debt and common stock warrants that are outstanding during the period. In periods where we have generated a net loss, the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders are the same as the inclusion of the potentially dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Income Taxes

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. The new guidance modifies the existing annual income tax reporting disclosures. The purpose of the update is to increase transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures primarily through improvements to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company adopted the new standard effective June 30, 2026 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have any impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Refer to Note 16. Income Taxes for the enhanced disclosures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Reporting Comprehensive Income

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2024-03, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 to clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03. The new guidance requires disclosure, in the notes to the financial statements, specified information about certain income statement costs and expenses for each interim and annual reporting period. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Debt with Conversion and Other Options

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments”. The new guidance clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt should be accounted for as an induced conversion. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets”. The new guidance introduces a practical expedient for estimating expected credit losses on current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and should be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Internal-Use Software

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software”. The new guidance primarily changes the software cost capitalization criteria and modifies the website development cost guidance. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and may be applied on a prospective, modified transition, or retrospective basis approach. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Derivatives and Hedging

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements”. The new guidance is primarily intended to enable entities to achieve and maintain hedge accounting for a broader group of highly effective economic hedges. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and should be applied on a

prospective basis. The amendments may also be applied to hedging relationships existing as of the date of adoption. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Interim Reporting

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, “Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements”. The new guidance primarily clarifies the required interim disclosure requirements. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, and may be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.