Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

Description of business: Bio-Techne and its subsidiaries, collectively doing business as Bio-Techne Corporation (the Company), develop, manufacture and sell life science reagents, instruments and services for the research and clinical diagnostic markets worldwide. With our deep product portfolio and application expertise, we sell integral components of scientific investigations into biological processes and molecular diagnostics, revealing the nature, diagnosis, etiology and progression of specific diseases. Our products aid in drug discovery efforts and provide the means for accurate clinical tests and diagnoses.

Contingencies: On June 25, 2026, the Company entered into the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), with Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, a German corporation with general partners (“Parent”), and EMD Holdings NewCo, Inc., a Minnesota corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”). The Merger Agreement provides that, on the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent.

At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each share of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, (each, a “Share”) (other than Company Restricted Stock (as defined in the Merger Agreement)) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than Excluded Shares (as defined in the Merger Agreement)) will automatically be converted into the right to receive $73.00 in cash (the “Merger Consideration”), without any interest thereon and less any required tax withholdings and all of such Shares will cease to be outstanding and cease to exist.

Consummation of the Merger is subject to customary closing conditions, including: (i) the approval of the Merger Agreement (including the “plan of merger” for purposes of the Minnesota Business Corporation Act) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all of the Shares outstanding and entitled to vote thereon at the meeting of the Company’s shareholders held for the purpose of voting upon the approval of the Merger Agreement, (ii) the expiration or termination of the required waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, and all other scheduled antitrust or investment screening law approvals having been obtained (or the applicable waiting periods having expired or terminated) (such approvals, collectively, the “Required Approvals”), (iii) no governmental entity of competent jurisdiction having issued or entered any order, injunction or decree or enacted, enforced, issued, promulgated, entered or adopted any law, in each case, that is continuing in effect and that prohibits, enjoins or otherwise prevents the consummation of the Merger; (iv) accuracy of the other party’s representations and warranties, subject to certain customary materiality or de minimis standards set forth in the Merger Agreement; (v) the other party’s compliance with its obligations and covenants required under the Merger Agreement, subject to certain materiality standards; and (vi) with respect to the obligations of Parent and Merger Sub, the Required Approvals not containing, individually or in the aggregate, a Burdensome Condition (as defined in the Merger Agreement). The Merger is expected to close by late 2026 or early 2027.

If the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain specified circumstances, the Company or Parent will be required to pay a termination fee to the other party. The Company will be required to pay Parent a termination fee of approximately $230.5 million under specified circumstances, including termination of the Merger Agreement in connection with the Company’s entry into an agreement with respect to a Superior Proposal (as defined in the Merger Agreement) at any time prior to the Company receiving shareholder approval of the Merger Agreement or termination by Parent if the Company’s Board of Directors effects a Change of Company Recommendation (as defined in the Merger Agreement).  Parent will be required to pay the Company a termination fee of approximately $576.1 million under specified circumstances, including termination of the Merger Agreement due to the failure to consummate the Merger by the Outside Date (as defined in the Merger Agreement) as a result of the failure to obtain certain required regulatory approvals or due to a permanent injunction arising from Antitrust Laws or Investment Screening Laws (each as defined in the Merger Agreement) if certain other conditions are met.

Use of estimates: The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include the valuation of accounts receivable, available-for-sale investments, inventory, intangible assets, notes receivable, contingent consideration, stock-based compensation and income taxes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Principles of consolidation: The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Equity method investments: The Company accounts for its equity method investments in accordance with ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. The Company initially records its equity method investments at the amount of the Company’s investment and adjusts each period for the Company’s share of the investee’s income or loss and dividends paid. Distributions from the equity method investee are accounted for using the cumulative earnings approach on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In December 2021, the Company paid $25 million to enter into a two-part forward contract which requires the Company to make an initial ownership investment followed by purchase of full equity interest in Wilson Wolf if certain annual revenue or annual EBITDA thresholds are met. Wilson Wolf is a leading manufacturer of cell culture devices, including the G-Rex product line. The first part of the forward contract was triggered upon Wilson Wolf achieving approximately $92 million in annual revenue or $55 million in EBITDA at any point prior to December 31, 2027. During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Company determined that Wilson Wolf had met the EBITDA target. On March 31, 2023, the Company paid an additional $232 million to acquire 19.9% of Wilson Wolf, which is accounted for as an equity method investment.

Since the first part of the forward contract has been triggered, the second part of the forward contract will automatically trigger, and requires the Company to acquire the remaining equity interest in Wilson Wolf on December 31, 2027 based on a revenue multiple of approximately 4.4 times trailing twelve month revenue. The second part of the contract would be accelerated in advance of December 31, 2027, if Wilson Wolf meets its second milestone of approximately $226 million in annual revenue or $136 million in annual EBITDA. If the second milestone is achieved, the forward contract requires the Company to pay approximately $1 billion plus potential consideration for revenue in excess of the revenue milestone.

Translation of foreign financial statements: Assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign operations are translated at year-end rates of exchange and the resulting gains and losses arising from the translation of net assets located outside the U.S. are recorded as Other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income. The cumulative translation adjustment is a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Foreign statements of earnings are translated at the average rate of exchange for the year. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in Other non-operating income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income.

Revenue recognition: ASC 606 provides revenue recognition guidance for any entity that enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of non-financial assets, unless those contracts are within the scope of other accounting standards. The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Refer to Note 2 for additional information regarding our revenue recognition policy under ASC 606.

Research and development: Research and development expenditures are expensed as incurred. Development activities generally relate to creating new products, improving or creating variations of existing products, or modifying existing products to meet new applications.

Advertising costs: Advertising expenses were $3.0 million, $3.2 million, and $4.1 million for fiscal 2026, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Advertising expenditures are expensed as incurred.

Income taxes: The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized to record the income tax effect of temporary differences between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return are recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Refer to Note 12 for additional information regarding income taxes.

Comprehensive income: Comprehensive income includes charges and credits to shareholders’ equity that are not the result of transactions with shareholders. Our total comprehensive income consists of net income, unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments, and foreign currency translation adjustments. The items of comprehensive income, with the exception of net income, are included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity. Any tax effects, if applicable, associated with reclassifications of accumulated other comprehensive income to net income are reflected in the provision for income taxes.

Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Available-for-sale investments: Available-for-sale investments consist of debt instruments with original maturities of generally three months to less than one-year and equity securities. Available-for-sale investments are recorded based on trade-date. The Company considers all of its marketable securities available-for-sale and reports them at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on our available-for-sale securities are included within Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income.

In September 2025, the Company received MDxHealth SA (“MDxHealth”) stock as part of our divestiture of Exosome Diagnostics. The fair value of the stock is included within Other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to Note 5 for the fair market valuation for the periods presented.

Trade accounts receivable and allowances: Trade accounts receivable are initially recorded at the invoiced amount upon the sale of goods or services to customers, and they do not bear interest. They are stated net of allowances for doubtful accounts, which represent estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make the required payments. When determining the allowances for doubtful accounts, we take several factors into consideration, including the overall composition of accounts receivable aging, our prior history of accounts receivable write-offs, the type of customer and our day-to-day knowledge of specific customers. Changes in the allowances for doubtful accounts are included in Selling, general, & administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income. The point at which uncollected accounts are written off varies by type of customer. The Company does not have material long-term customer receivables. 

Notes receivable: Notes receivable are initially recorded at their net present value. They are categorized into current for payments due within one year and noncurrent for payments due after one year. The Company assesses the fair value for each reporting period. Changes in the fair value are included in Other non-operating income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income. The change in fair value is evaluated based on the debtor’s current financial condition and payment history. Refer to Note 5 for additional information regarding the fair value of our notes receivable for the periods presented.

Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. The Company regularly reviews inventory on hand for slow-moving and obsolete inventory, inventory not meeting quality control standards and inventory subject to expiration.

For certain proteins, antibodies, and chemically based manufactured products, the Company produces larger batches of established products than current sales requirements due to economies of scale through a highly controlled manufacturing process. Accordingly, the manufacturing process for these products has and will continue to produce quantities in excess

of forecasted usage. The Company forecasts usage for its products based on several factors including historical demand, current market dynamics, and technological advances. The Company forecasts product usage on an individual product level for a period that is consistent with our ability to reasonably forecast inventory usage for that product. There have been no material changes to the Company’s estimates of the net realizable value for excess and obsolete inventory or other types of inventory reserves and inventory cost adjustments in the fiscal years presented. Additionally, current and historical reserves recorded to reduce the cost of inventory to its net realizable value become part of the new cost basis for the inventory item in accordance with ASC 330 - Inventory.

Property and equipment: Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of 3 to 5 years. Buildings, building improvements and leasehold improvements are depreciated over estimated useful lives of 5 to 40 years.

Contingencies: The Company records a liability in the Consolidated Financial Statements on an undiscounted basis for loss contingencies related to legal actions when a loss is known or considered probable and the amount may be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a known or probable loss is a range, and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount of the range is accrued. If a loss is reasonably possible but not known or probable, and the amount may be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss or range of loss is disclosed.

Contingent Consideration: Contingent Consideration relates to the potential payment for an acquisition that is contingent upon the achievement of the acquired business meeting certain product development milestones and/or certain financial performance milestones. The Company records contingent consideration at fair value at the date of acquisition based on the consideration expected to be transferred. For potential payments related to financial performance milestones, we use a real option model in calculating the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities. The assumptions utilized in the calculation based on financial performance milestones include projected revenue and/or EBITDA amounts, volatility and discount rates. For potential payments related to product development milestones, we estimated the fair value based on the probability of achievement of such milestones. The assumptions utilized in the calculation of the acquisition date fair value include probability of success and the discount rates. Contingent consideration involves certain assumptions requiring significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts. Contingent consideration is remeasured each reporting period, and subsequent changes in fair value, including accretion for the passage of time, are recognized within Selling, general and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income.

Intangible assets: Intangible assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization expense is generally determined on the straight-line basis over periods ranging from 1 year to 20 years. Each reporting period, we evaluate the remaining useful lives of our amortizable intangibles to determine whether events or circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. If our estimate of an asset’s remaining useful life is revised, the remaining carrying amount of the asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life.

Impairment of long-lived assets and amortizable intangibles: We evaluate the recoverability of property, plant, equipment and amortizable intangibles whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. Such circumstances could include, but are not limited to, (1) a significant decrease in the market value of an asset, (2) a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used or in its physical condition, or (3) an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of an asset. We compare the carrying amount of the asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with it. If the sum of the expected future net cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset being evaluated, an impairment loss would be recognized. The impairment loss would be calculated as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. As quoted market prices are not available for the majority of our assets, the estimate of fair value is based on various valuation techniques, including the discounted value of estimated future cash flows.

The evaluation of asset impairment requires us to make assumptions about future cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated. These assumptions require significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts. During the second quarter of fiscal 2024 there was a triggering event for the assets and liabilities associated with a disposal group in our Protein Sciences segment that were classified as held-for-sale. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 there was a triggering event for the assets and liabilities associated with a disposal group in our Diagnostics & Spatial

Biology segment that were classified as held-for-sale. See Note 14 for additional details. No other triggering events were identified for property, plant, and equipment or amortizable intangibles during fiscal 2026, 2025, and 2024.

Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets: We evaluate the carrying value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets during the fourth quarter each year and between annual evaluations if events occur or circumstances change that would indicate a possible impairment. Such circumstances could include, but are not limited to, (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in business climate, (2) unanticipated competition, (3) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, or (4) an adverse change in market conditions that are indicative of a decline in the fair value of the assets.

To analyze goodwill, we must assign our goodwill to individual reporting units. Identification of reporting units includes an analysis of the components that comprise each of our operating segments, which considers, among other things, the manner in which we operate our business and the availability of discrete financial information. Components of an operating segment are aggregated to form one reporting unit if the components have similar economic characteristics. We periodically review our reporting units to ensure that they continue to reflect the manner in which we operate our business. The Company had four reporting units for our 2026 goodwill impairment assessment performed on April 1, 2026, the date of our annual goodwill impairment assessment. The Company had five reporting units for our 2025 goodwill impairment assessment performed on April 1, 2025.

The Company tests goodwill for impairment by either performing a qualitative evaluation or a quantitative test. The qualitative evaluation for goodwill is an assessment of factors including reporting unit specific operating results as well as industry and market conditions, overall financial performance, and other relevant events and factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. The Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment for its reporting units and perform a quantitative test.

The quantitative impairment test requires us to estimate the fair value of our reporting units based on the income approach. The income approach is a valuation technique under which we estimate future cash flows using the reporting unit’s financial forecast from the perspective of an unrelated market participant. Using historical trending and internal forecasting techniques, we project revenue and apply our fixed and variable cost experience rate to the projected revenue to arrive at the future cash flows. A terminal value is then applied to the projected cash flow stream. Future estimated cash flows are discounted to their present value to calculate the estimated fair value. The discount rate used is the value-weighted average of our estimated cost of capital derived using both known and estimated customary market metrics. In determining the estimated fair value of a reporting unit, we are required to estimate a number of factors, including projected operating results, terminal growth rates, economic conditions, anticipated future cash flows, the discount rate and the allocation of shared or corporate items.

In our fiscal 2026 annual goodwill impairment assessment, we elected to perform a qualitative assessment for all four of our reporting units. The Company determined, after performing the qualitative analysis, there was no evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value was less than the carrying amounts; therefore, it was not necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test in fiscal 2026.

For fiscal 2025, we elected to perform a quantitative assessment for all five of our reporting units. No impairment was identified as part of the analysis performed as the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded the carrying value. The Company did identify a triggering event related to a business held-for-sale, described in Note 14, in the fourth quarter after our annual goodwill impairment assessment, that led to an impairment of allocated goodwill.

Restructuring actions: Restructuring actions generally include significant actions involving employee-related severance charges, contract termination costs, and impairments and disposals of assets associated with such actions. Employee-related severance charges are based upon distributed employment policies and substantive severance plans. These charges are reflected in the quarter when the actions are probable and the amounts are estimable, which typically is when management approves the associated actions. Asset-related and other charges include impairment of right-of-use assets, leasehold improvements, other asset write-downs associated with combining operations, disposal of assets and other exit costs. Other costs also includes restructuring-related charges, which are incremental costs incurred directly supporting business transformation initiatives tied to the restructuring action. Refer to Note 14 for additional information regarding restructuring actions.

Legal Matters: The Company and its affiliates are involved in a number of legal actions from time to time involving product liability, employment, intellectual property and commercial disputes, shareholder related matters, environmental proceedings, tax disputes, and governmental proceedings and investigations. With respect to governmental proceedings and investigations, like other companies in our industry, the Company is subject to extensive regulation by national, state, and local governmental agencies in the United States and in other jurisdictions in which the Company and its affiliates operate. The Company’s standard practice is to cooperate with regulators and investigators in responding to inquiries. The outcomes of legal actions are not within the Company’s complete control and may not be known for prolonged periods of time. In some actions, the enforcement agencies or private claimants seek damages, as well as other remedies (including injunctions barring the sale of products that are the subject of the proceeding), that could require significant expenditures, result in lost revenues, or limit the Company's ability to conduct business in the applicable jurisdictions.

The Company records a liability in the Consolidated Financial Statements on an undiscounted basis for loss contingencies related to legal actions when a loss is known or considered probable and the amount may be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a known or probable loss is a range, and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount of the range is accrued. If a loss is reasonably possible but not known or probable, and may be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss or range of loss is disclosed. When determining the estimated loss or range of loss, significant judgment is required. Estimates of probable losses resulting from litigation and governmental proceedings involving the Company are inherently difficult to predict, particularly when the matters are in early procedural stages with incomplete scientific facts or legal discovery, involve unsubstantiated or indeterminate claims for damages, potentially involve penalties, fines or punitive damages, or could result in a change in business practice. The Company classifies certain specified litigation charges and gains related to significant legal matters as certain litigation charges in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income.

In August 2024, 791,204 shares of outstanding vested stock options related to former employees expired, which have now been excluded from the Company’s dilutive EPS calculation for fiscal 2025. Of the 791,204 shares, 779,084 shares belonged to the Company’s former CEO. The expiration date of these options was previously under dispute. The dispute with the former CEO was resolved through a binding arbitration award during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 for which the Company paid $37.2 million inclusive of interest and legal fees. The dispute regarding the remaining 12,120 shares was resolved during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 resulting in total payments of $0.5 million.

During fiscal 2026, 2025, and 2024 the Company recognized $5.5 million, $41.8 million, and $3.5 million, respectively, of certain litigation charges. As of each of the balance sheet dates presented, there was no accrued litigation. The ultimate cost to the Company with respect to accrued litigation could be materially different than the amount of the current estimates and accruals and could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated earnings, financial position, and/or cash flows. The Company includes accrued litigation in Other current liabilities and Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. While it is not possible to predict the outcome for most of the legal matters discussed below, the Company believes it is possible that the costs associated with these matters could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated earnings, financial position, and/or cash flows.

Intellectual Property Matters: At any given time, the Company is involved in litigation relating to patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property (IP) rights, and licenses, acquisitions or other agreements related to such rights. This litigation includes, but is not limited to, alleged infringement or misappropriation of IP rights, or breach of obligations related to IP rights, or other claims asserted by competitors, individuals, or entities created specifically to fund IP litigation. While the outcome of these litigation matters is inherently uncertain, it is possible that the results of such litigation could require the Company to pay significant monetary damages.

Other Significant Accounting Policies

The following table includes a reference to additional significant accounting policies that are described in other notes to the financial statements, including the note number:

Newly Adopted Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740), which requires incremental annual disclosures on income taxes, including rate reconciliations, income taxes paid, and other disclosures. The Company adopted this guidance for our fiscal 2026 annual report using a prospective method. Refer to Note 12 for income tax reporting disclosures.

Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement–Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which requires incremental disclosures on purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and other expenses. The Company will adopt this guidance beginning with our annual report for fiscal 2028. This accounting standard will increase disclosures in the Company’s annual reporting but will have no impact on reported income statement expenses.

In August 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments–Credit Losses (Topic 326), which requires incremental disclosures on estimating expected credit losses. The Company will adopt this guidance beginning with our annual report for fiscal 2027. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other–Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), which requires incremental disclosures on recording intangibles for internal-use software. The Company will adopt this guidance beginning with our annual report for fiscal 2029. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.

Other than the items noted above, there have been no new accounting pronouncements not yet effective that we believe have a significant impact, or potential significant impact, on our Consolidated Financial Statements.