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nf:S000107710Member nf:SAMPLINGRISKMember 2026-08-21 2026-08-21 0000916620 nf:S000107710Member nf:SMALLFUNDRISKMember 2026-08-21 2026-08-21 0000916620 nf:S000107710Member nf:TRACKINGERRORRISKMember 2026-08-21 2026-08-21 0000916620 nf:S000107710Member nf:VALUATIONRISKMember 2026-08-21 2026-08-21 0000916620 2026-08-21 2026-08-21 0000916620 nf:S000107709Member 2026-08-21 2026-08-21 0000916620 nf:S000107709Member nf:C000278660Member 2026-08-21 2026-08-21 0000916620 nf:S000107710Member 2026-08-21 2026-08-21 0000916620 nf:S000107710Member nf:C000278661Member 2026-08-21 2026-08-21 iso4217:USD pure 0000916620 false 485BPOS 2026-08-21 N-1A NORTHERN FUNDS 2026-08-21 NORTHERN TRUST NEW YORK INTERMEDIATE TAX‑EXEMPT BOND ETF INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Fund seeks investment results that correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the ICE New York Intermediate Term Focused Municipal Bond Index (the “Underlying Index”). </div> FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. <span style="font-weight:bold">You may be required to pay commissions and/or other forms of compensation to a financial intermediary for transactions in shares of the Fund, which are not reflected in the table or the example below.</span> </div> Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 “Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. EXAMPLE <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The following Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: </div> 9 29 PORTFOLIO TURNOVER. The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. The Fund is newly organized, and, as of the date of this Prospectus, has not had any portfolio turnover. PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Underlying Index is designed to track the performance of U.S. dollar denominated investment grade tax‑exempt debt publicly issued in the U.S. domestic market by the state of New York and its political subdivisions (“New York tax‑exempt bonds”), as determined by ICE Data Indices, LLC, the index provider (the “Index Provider”). The Underlying Index includes only those New York tax‑exempt bonds whose interest is exempt from U.S. federal income taxes and not subject to the federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and New York state income taxes. To be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, each bond must have an investment-grade rating determined by Moody’s Ratings (“Moody’s”), S&amp;P Global Ratings (“S&amp;P”) and/or Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) (the “credit-ratings agencies”) and have a fixed coupon schedule. A security is considered investment grade if, at the time of purchase, the median rating of the credit ratings agencies is investment grade. If rated by all three agencies, two of the three ratings must be Baa3/BBB‑ or higher; if rated by two agencies, the lowest rating must be Baa3/BBB‑ or higher; and if rated by a single agency, the security must be rated Baa3/BBB‑ or higher. Each bond must also have a fixed coupon schedule; must be a constituent of a deal where the original offering amount was at least $50 million; and must have a current outstanding face value of at least $5 million. In addition, to be included in the Underlying Index, each bond must have a remaining term to final maturity that is less than 20 years and greater than or equal to one calendar day. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Underlying Index is governed by published, objective rules for security selection, exclusion, rebalancing and adjustments for corporate actions. The Underlying Index is rebalanced monthly. The Fund generally rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index. NTI uses a “passive” or indexing approach to try to achieve the Fund’s investment objective. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund does not try to “beat” the index it tracks and does not seek temporary defensive positions when markets decline or appear overvalued. </div><div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">NTI uses a representative sampling strategy to manage the Fund. “Representative sampling” is investing in a representative sample of securities that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The Fund may or may not hold all of the securities that are included in the Underlying Index. The Fund reserves the right to invest in substantially all of the securities in its Underlying Index in approximately the same proportions (<span style="font-style:italic">i.e.</span>, replication) if NTI determines that it is in the best interest of the Fund. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in New York tax‑exempt bonds. AMT obligations (also known as “private activity bonds”), which pay interest that may be treated as an item of tax preference to shareholders under the federal AMT, will not be deemed to be eligible New York tax‑exempt bonds for the purposes of determining whether the Fund meets this policy. For shareholders subject to AMT, a portion of the Fund’s dividends may be subject to federal tax. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">As of July 31, 2026, the weighted average years to maturity of the bonds included in the Underlying Index was approximately 9.40 years. The Fund considers intermediate-term bonds to be those that have a maturity in the same range as those included in the Underlying Index. The Fund seeks to maintain an average maturity consistent with that of the Underlying Index. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Fund may also invest its assets in cash and cash equivalents, including shares of money market funds advised by NTI or its affiliates, futures contracts and options on futures contracts, as well as debt instruments or other securities not included in the Underlying Index, but which NTI believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Underlying Index is sponsored by the Index Provider, an organization that is independent of the Fund and NTI. The Index Provider determines the composition and relative weightings of the securities in the Underlying Index and publishes information regarding the market value of the Underlying Index. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Fund is “non‑diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and may invest more of its assets in fewer issuers than “diversified” funds. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., invest more than 25% of its net assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to approximately the same extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. The components of the Underlying Index, and the degree to which these components represent certain industries or sectors, may change over time. </div> <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Underlying Index is designed to track the performance of U.S. dollar denominated investment grade tax‑exempt debt publicly issued in the U.S. domestic market by the state of New York and its political subdivisions (“New York tax‑exempt bonds”), as determined by ICE Data Indices, LLC, the index provider (the “Index Provider”). The Underlying Index includes only those New York tax‑exempt bonds whose interest is exempt from U.S. federal income taxes and not subject to the federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and New York state income taxes. To be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, each bond must have an investment-grade rating determined by Moody’s Ratings (“Moody’s”), S&amp;P Global Ratings (“S&amp;P”) and/or Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) (the “credit-ratings agencies”) and have a fixed coupon schedule. A security is considered investment grade if, at the time of purchase, the median rating of the credit ratings agencies is investment grade. If rated by all three agencies, two of the three ratings must be Baa3/BBB‑ or higher; if rated by two agencies, the lowest rating must be Baa3/BBB‑ or higher; and if rated by a single agency, the security must be rated Baa3/BBB‑ or higher. Each bond must also have a fixed coupon schedule; must be a constituent of a deal where the original offering amount was at least $50 million; and must have a current outstanding face value of at least $5 million. In addition, to be included in the Underlying Index, each bond must have a remaining term to final maturity that is less than 20 years and greater than or equal to one calendar day. </div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Underlying Index is governed by published, objective rules for security selection, exclusion, rebalancing and adjustments for corporate actions. The Underlying Index is rebalanced monthly. The Fund generally rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index. NTI uses a “passive” or indexing approach to try to achieve the Fund’s investment objective. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund does not try to “beat” the index it tracks and does not seek temporary defensive positions when markets decline or appear overvalued. </div><div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">NTI uses a representative sampling strategy to manage the Fund. “Representative sampling” is investing in a representative sample of securities that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The Fund may or may not hold all of the securities that are included in the Underlying Index. The Fund reserves the right to invest in substantially all of the securities in its Underlying Index in approximately the same proportions (<span style="font-style:italic">i.e.</span>, replication) if NTI determines that it is in the best interest of the Fund. </div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in New York tax‑exempt bonds. AMT obligations (also known as “private activity bonds”), which pay interest that may be treated as an item of tax preference to shareholders under the federal AMT, will not be deemed to be eligible New York tax‑exempt bonds for the purposes of determining whether the Fund meets this policy. For shareholders subject to AMT, a portion of the Fund’s dividends may be subject to federal tax. </div> The Fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., invest more than 25% of its net assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to approximately the same extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. The components of the Underlying Index, and the degree to which these components represent certain industries or sectors, may change over time. <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">MUNICIPAL INVESTMENTS RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the value of a municipal security generally depends on the financial and credit status of the issuer. Constitutional amendments, legislative enactments, executive orders, administrative regulations, voter initiatives, and the issuer’s regional economic conditions may affect a municipal security’s value, interest payments, repayment of principal and the Fund’s ability to sell the security. The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business, political or public health developments if it focuses its assets in municipal bonds that are issued to finance similar projects (such as those relating to education, health care, housing, transportation, and utilities), industrial development bonds, in particular types of municipal securities (such as general obligation bonds, private activity bonds and moral obligation bonds), or in municipal securities of a particular state or territory. While income earned on municipal securities is generally not subject to federal tax, the failure of a municipal security issuer to comply with applicable tax requirements may make income paid thereon taxable, resulting in a decline in the security’s value. In addition, there could be changes in applicable tax laws or tax treatments that reduce or eliminate the current federal income tax exemption on municipal securities or otherwise adversely affect the current federal or state tax status of municipal securities. The secondary market for municipal obligations also tends to be less well‑developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund’s ability to sell its municipal obligations at attractive prices. Further, inventories of municipal securities held by brokers and dealers have decreased in recent years, lessening their ability to make a market in these securities, which has resulted in increased municipal security price volatility and trading costs, particularly during periods of economic or market stress. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">NEW YORK-SPECIFIC RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that the Fund will be more exposed to risks associated with the negative aspects of New York’s economy, political system, public health and government financing structures than a fund that invests more widely. Unfavorable developments in any economic sector or in </span></div><div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">the New York economy as a whole may have a substantial impact on the overall New York municipal market. Provisions of the New York Constitution and State statutes that limit the taxing and spending authority of New York governmental entities may impair the ability of New York issuers to pay principal and/or interest on their obligations. While New York’s economy is broad, it does have major concentrations in the financial activities, professional and business services, and information sectors, and may be sensitive to economic problems affecting those industries. Future New York political, public health and economic developments, constitutional amendments, legislative measures, executive orders, administrative regulations, litigation and voter initiatives could have an adverse effect on the debt obligations of New York issuers. </div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">MUNICIPAL MARKET VOLATILITY RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that the Fund may be adversely affected by volatility in the municipal market. The municipal market can be significantly affected by adverse tax, legislative, political or public health changes and the financial condition of the issuers of municipal securities. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">MUNICIPAL TAX LIABILITY RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that shareholders of the Fund could be subject to tax liabilities. The Fund will invest in municipal securities in reliance at the time of purchase on an opinion of bond counsel to the issuer that the interest paid on those securities will be excludable from gross income for regular federal income tax purposes. Subsequent to the Fund’s acquisition of a municipal security, however, the municipal security may be determined to pay, or to have paid, taxable income. As a result, the treatment of dividends previously paid or to be paid by the Fund as exempt-interest dividends could be adversely affected, subjecting the Fund’s shareholders to increased federal income tax liabilities. Certain other investments made by the Fund, including its derivative holdings, may result in the receipt of taxable income or gains by the Fund. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">INCOME RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund’s income may decline when interest rates fall. This decline can occur because the Fund must invest in lower-yielding bonds as bonds in its portfolio mature, bonds in the Underlying Index are substituted or the Fund otherwise needs to purchase additional bonds. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">CREDIT (OR DEFAULT) RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the inability or unwillingness of an issuer or guarantor of a fixed-income security, or a counterparty to a repurchase or other transaction, to meet its principal or interest payments or other financial obligations in a timely manner will adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and its returns. Changes in an issuer’s financial strength, the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness, or in the credit rating of the issuer or the security may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">DEBT EXTENSION RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that when interest rates rise an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on certain debt securities held by the Fund later than expected. This will cause the value of the security, and the Fund’s NAV, to decrease, and the Fund may lose opportunities to invest in higher yielding securities. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">CASH TRANSACTIONS RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk from the Fund effecting creation and redemption orders of its shares entirely for cash, rather than for in‑kind securities. The Fund may have to sell portfolio securities at inopportune times in order to obtain the cash needed to meet redemption orders. This may cause the Fund to sell a security or other financial instrument and recognize a capital gain or loss that might not have been incurred if it had not effected a redemption order entirely for cash. As such, investments in Fund shares may be less tax‑efficient than an investment in an ETF that meets redemption orders entirely in‑kind with portfolio securities. The use of all cash creation and redemption orders may also cause the Fund’s shares to trade in the secondary market at wider bid‑ask spreads and/or greater premiums or discounts to the Fund’s NAV. To the extent that the maximum additional variable charge for cash creation or cash redemption transactions is insufficient to cover the transaction costs of purchasing or selling portfolio securities, the Fund’s performance could be negatively impacted. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">INTEREST RATE RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that during periods of rising interest rates, the market value of the Fund’s securities will tend to be lower than prevailing market rates and in periods of falling interest rates, the market value of the Fund’s securities will tend to be higher. The Fund’s yield will vary as short-term securities in its portfolio mature and the proceeds are reinvested in securities with different interest rates. In general, securities with longer maturities or durations are more sensitive to interest rate changes. A general rise in interest rates may cause investors to move out of fixed income securities on a large scale, which could adversely affect the price and liquidity of fixed income securities and could also result in increased redemptions for the Fund. During periods when inflation rates are high or rising, or during periods of low interest rates, the Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable and may have unpredictable effects on the markets and the Fund’s investments, may result in heightened market volatility, may impact the liquidity of fixed-income securities and of the Fund, and may detract from Fund performance. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">PREPAYMENT (OR CALL) RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that an issuer could exercise its right to pay principal on callable debt securities held by the Fund earlier than expected. Issuers may be more likely to prepay when interest rates fall, when credit spreads change, or when an issuer’s credit quality improves. If this happens, the </span></div><div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">Fund will not benefit from the rise in the market price of the securities that normally accompanies a decline in interest rates and will be forced to reinvest prepayment proceeds in lower yielding securities, which may reduce the Fund’s returns. The Fund may also lose any premium it paid to purchase the securities. </div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that a portion of the Fund’s otherwise tax‑exempt income may be taxable to those shareholders subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">MARKET RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that the value of the Fund’s investments may increase or decrease in response to expected, real or perceived economic, political or financial events in the U.S. or global markets. The frequency and magnitude of such changes in value cannot be predicted. Certain securities and other investments held by the Fund may experience increased volatility, illiquidity, or other potentially adverse effects in response to changing market conditions, inflation, elevated levels of government debt, changes in interest rates, lack of liquidity in the bond or equity markets or volatility in the equity markets. Market disruptions caused by local or regional events such as financial institution failures, changes in trade regulation or economic sanctions, internal unrest and discord, war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness (including epidemics and pandemics) or other public health issues, recessions, the threat or occurrence of a government shutdown, or other events or adverse investor sentiment could have a significant impact on the Fund and its investments. During periods of market disruption or other abnormal market conditions, the Fund’s exposure to risks described elsewhere in this summary will likely increase. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">INDEX RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund would not necessarily buy or sell a security unless that security is added to or removed from, respectively, the Underlying Index, even if that security generally is underperforming, because unlike many investment companies, the Fund does not utilize an investing strategy that seeks returns in excess of the Underlying Index. Additionally, the Fund rebalances and/or reconstitutes its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index, and, therefore, any changes to the Underlying Index’s rebalance and/or reconstitution schedule will result in corresponding changes to the Fund’s rebalance and/or reconstitution schedule. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">TRACKING ERROR RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund’s performance may vary from the performance of the Underlying Index as a result of creation and redemption activity, transaction costs, expenses and other factors. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions or other abnormal market conditions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to required levels in order to track its Underlying Index or cause delays in the Underlying Index’s rebalancing and/or reconstitution schedule. During any such delay, it is possible that the Underlying Index, and, in turn, the Fund will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology and therefore experience returns different than those that would have been achieved under a normal rebalancing or reconstitution schedule. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">SAMPLING RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund’s use of a representative sampling approach may result in increased tracking error because the securities selected for the Fund in the aggregate may vary from the investment profile of the Underlying Index. Additionally, the use of a representative sampling approach may result in the Fund holding a smaller number of securities than the Underlying Index, and, as a result, an adverse development to an issuer of securities that the Fund holds could result in a greater decline in NAV than would be the case if the Fund held all of the securities in the Underlying Index. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT CONCENTRATION RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund may be adversely affected because it has a limited number of institutions that act as authorized participants (“Authorized Participants”). Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund and none of those Authorized Participants is obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To the extent that these institutions exit the business or are unable or unwilling to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant is able or willing to step forward to create or redeem Creation Units (as defined below), Fund shares may trade at a discount to NAV and possibly face trading halts and/or delisting. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">CALCULATION METHODOLOGY RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Underlying Index’s calculation methodology or sources of information may not provide an accurate assessment of included issuers or correct valuation of securities, nor is the availability or timeliness of the production of the Underlying Index guaranteed. A security included in the Underlying Index may not exhibit the characteristic or provide the specific exposure for which it was selected and consequently a Fund’s holdings may not exhibit returns consistent with that characteristic or exposure. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">MARKET TRADING RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund faces because its shares are listed on a securities exchange, including the potential lack of an active market for Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high volatility and disruption in the creation/redemption process of the Fund. ANY OF THESE FACTORS MAY LEAD TO THE FUND’S SHARES TRADING AT A PREMIUM OR DISCOUNT TO NAV. </span></div><div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">Trading in Fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of its listing exchange, make trading in the shares inadvisable. The market prices of Fund shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in its NAV, changes in the relative supply of, and demand for, Fund shares, and changes in the liquidity, or the perceived liquidity, of the Fund’s holdings. </div> <div style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">DERIVATIVES RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that derivatives may pose risks in addition to and greater than those associated with investing directly in securities, currencies and other instruments, may be illiquid or less liquid, more volatile, more difficult to value and leveraged so that small changes in the value of the underlying instrument may produce disproportionate losses to the Fund. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party to the transaction will not perform its contractual obligations. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with investments in more traditional securities and instruments. </span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt;border-spacing:0px;width:100%"> <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="width:3%;"> </td> <td style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;">∎</td> <td style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"> <div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">FUTURES CONTRACTS RISK</span></span> is the risk that there will be imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the Fund’s securities and the price of futures contracts, which may result in the strategy not working as intended; the possible inability of the Fund to sell or close out a futures contract at the desired time or price; losses due to unanticipated market movements, which potentially are unlimited; and the possible inability of the Fund’s investment adviser to correctly predict the direction of securities’ prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors, which may make the Fund’s returns more volatile or increase the risk of loss. </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt;border-spacing:0px;width:100%"> <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="width:3%;"> </td> <td style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;">∎</td> <td style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"> <div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">OPTIONS CONTRACTS RISK</span></span> is the risk that there may be an imperfect correlation between the options and the securities markets that cause a given transaction to fail to achieve its objectives. The successful use of options depends on the investment adviser’s ability to predict correctly future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and securities markets. Exchanges can limit the number of positions that can be held or controlled by the Fund or the investment adviser, thus limiting the ability to implement the Fund’s strategies. </div> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">CONCENTRATION RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that, if the Fund is concentrated in a particular industry or group of industries, the Fund is likely to present more risks than a fund that is broadly diversified over several industries or groups of industries. Compared to the broad market, an individual industry may be more strongly affected by changes in the economic climate, broad market shifts, moves in a particular dominant stock or regulatory changes. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">LIQUIDITY RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that certain securities may be less liquid than others, which may make them difficult or impossible to sell at the time and the price that the Fund would like, and the Fund may have to lower the price, sell other securities instead or forgo an investment opportunity, adversely affecting the value of the Fund’s investments and its returns. In addition, less liquid securities may be more difficult to value, and markets may become less liquid when there are fewer interested buyers or sellers or when dealers are unwilling or unable to make a market for certain securities, and if the Fund is forced to sell these investments to meet redemption requests or for other cash needs, the Fund may suffer a loss. Banking regulations may also cause certain dealers to reduce their inventories of certain securities, which may further decrease the Fund’s ability to buy or sell such securities. All of these risks may increase during periods of market turmoil and could have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">VALUATION RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the purchase or sale price the Fund could receive for a portfolio security may differ from the Fund’s valuation of the security, particularly for securities that trade in low volume or volatile markets or that are valued using a fair value methodology. In addition, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">NON‑DIVERSIFICATION RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that, because a non‑diversified fund may invest a larger portion of its assets in securities issued by or representing a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund, a Fund may be more susceptible to the risks associated with these particular issuers, or to a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting these issuers. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">SMALL FUND RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that the Fund will not grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case it may experience greater tracking error to its Underlying Index than it otherwise would at higher asset levels, or it could ultimately liquidate without shareholder approval. In addition, investors in the Fund also bear the risk that, without sufficient assets, the Fund may not be successful in implementing its investment strategy or transacting in securities at the desired prices or on desirable terms. The timing of such liquidation may not be favorable and could have negative tax consequences for shareholders. From time to time, an Authorized Participant, a third-party investor, the Fund’s adviser or an affiliate of the Fund’s adviser, may invest in the Fund and hold its investment for a specific period of time in order to facilitate commencement of the Fund’s operations or for the Fund to achieve size or scale. There can be no assurance that any such entity would not redeem its investment or that the size of the Fund would be maintained at such levels, which could negatively impact the Fund. The Fund’s distributor does not maintain a secondary market in the shares. </span></div> As with any fund, it is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, any other government agency, or The Northern Trust Company, its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. FUND PERFORMANCE <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Fund is new and therefore does not have a performance history for a full calendar year. Performance information for the Fund will be provided once it has annual returns for a full calendar year.</div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">Updated performance information for the Fund will be available and may be obtained on the Fund’s website at etfs.ntam.northerntrust.com or by calling 1‑855‑353‑9383. </div> The Fund is new and therefore does not have a performance history for a full calendar year. etfs.ntam.northerntrust.com 1‑855‑353‑9383 NORTHERN TRUST CALIFORNIA INTERMEDIATE TAX‑EXEMPT BOND ETF INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Fund seeks investment results that correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the ICE California Intermediate Term Focused Municipal Bond Index (the “Underlying Index”). </div> FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. <span style="font-weight:bold">You may be required to pay commissions and/or other forms of compensation to a financial intermediary for transactions in shares of the Fund, which are not reflected in the table or the example below.</span> </div> Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 “Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. EXAMPLE <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The following Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: </div> 6 19 PORTFOLIO TURNOVER. The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. The Fund is newly organized, and, as of the date of this Prospectus, has not had any portfolio turnover. PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Underlying Index is designed to track the performance of U.S. dollar denominated investment grade tax‑exempt debt publicly issued in the U.S. domestic market by the state of California and its political subdivisions (“California tax‑exempt bonds”), as determined by ICE Data Indices, LLC, the index provider (the “Index Provider”). The Underlying Index includes only those California tax‑exempt bonds whose interest is exempt from U.S. federal income taxes and not subject to the federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and California state income taxes. To be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, each bond must have an investment-grade rating determined by Moody’s Ratings (“Moody’s”), S&amp;P Global Ratings (“S&amp;P”) and/or Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) (the “credit-ratings agencies”) and have a fixed coupon schedule. A security is considered investment grade if, at the time of purchase, the median rating of the credit ratings agencies is investment grade. If rated by all three agencies, two of the three ratings must be Baa3/BBB‑ or higher; if rated by two agencies, the lowest rating must be Baa3/BBB‑ or higher; and if rated by a single agency, the security must be rated Baa3/BBB‑ or higher. Each bond must also have a fixed coupon schedule; must be a constituent of a deal where the original offering amount was at least $50 million; and must have a current outstanding face value of at least $5 million. In addition, to be included in the Underlying Index, each bond must have a remaining term to final maturity that is less than 20 years and greater than or equal to one calendar day. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Underlying Index is governed by published, objective rules for security selection, exclusion, rebalancing and adjustments for corporate actions. The Underlying Index is rebalanced monthly. The Fund generally rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index. NTI uses a “passive” or indexing approach to try to achieve the Fund’s investment objective. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund does not try to “beat” the index it tracks and does not seek temporary defensive positions when markets decline or appear overvalued. </div><div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">NTI uses a representative sampling strategy to manage the Fund. “Representative sampling” is investing in a representative sample of securities that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The Fund may or may not hold all of the securities that are included in the Underlying Index. The Fund reserves the right to invest in substantially all of the securities in its Underlying Index in approximately the same proportions (i.e., replication) if NTI determines that it is in the best interest of the Fund. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in California tax‑exempt bonds. AMT obligations (also known as “private activity bonds”), which pay interest that may be treated as an item of tax preference to shareholders under the federal AMT, will not be deemed to be eligible California tax‑exempt bonds for the purposes of determining whether the Fund meets this policy. For shareholders subject to AMT, a portion of the Fund’s dividends may be subject to federal tax. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">As of July 31, 2026, the weighted average years to maturity of the bonds included in the Underlying Index was approximately 8.95 years. The Fund considers intermediate-term bonds to be those that have a maturity in the same range as those included in the Underlying Index. The Fund seeks to maintain an average maturity consistent with that of the Underlying Index. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Fund may also invest its assets in cash and cash equivalents, including shares of money market funds advised by NTI or its affiliates, futures contracts and options on futures contracts, as well as debt instruments or other securities not included in the Underlying Index, but which NTI believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Underlying Index is sponsored by the Index Provider, an organization that is independent of the Fund and NTI. The Index Provider determines the composition and relative weightings of the securities in the Underlying Index and publishes information regarding the market value of the Underlying Index. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Fund is “non‑diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and may invest more of its assets in fewer issuers than “diversified” funds. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., invest more than 25% of its net assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to approximately the same extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. The components of the Underlying Index, and the degree to which these components represent certain industries or sectors, may change over time. </div> <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Underlying Index is designed to track the performance of U.S. dollar denominated investment grade tax‑exempt debt publicly issued in the U.S. domestic market by the state of California and its political subdivisions (“California tax‑exempt bonds”), as determined by ICE Data Indices, LLC, the index provider (the “Index Provider”). The Underlying Index includes only those California tax‑exempt bonds whose interest is exempt from U.S. federal income taxes and not subject to the federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and California state income taxes. To be eligible for inclusion in the Underlying Index, each bond must have an investment-grade rating determined by Moody’s Ratings (“Moody’s”), S&amp;P Global Ratings (“S&amp;P”) and/or Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) (the “credit-ratings agencies”) and have a fixed coupon schedule. A security is considered investment grade if, at the time of purchase, the median rating of the credit ratings agencies is investment grade. If rated by all three agencies, two of the three ratings must be Baa3/BBB‑ or higher; if rated by two agencies, the lowest rating must be Baa3/BBB‑ or higher; and if rated by a single agency, the security must be rated Baa3/BBB‑ or higher. Each bond must also have a fixed coupon schedule; must be a constituent of a deal where the original offering amount was at least $50 million; and must have a current outstanding face value of at least $5 million. In addition, to be included in the Underlying Index, each bond must have a remaining term to final maturity that is less than 20 years and greater than or equal to one calendar day. </div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Underlying Index is governed by published, objective rules for security selection, exclusion, rebalancing and adjustments for corporate actions. The Underlying Index is rebalanced monthly. The Fund generally rebalances its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index. NTI uses a “passive” or indexing approach to try to achieve the Fund’s investment objective. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund does not try to “beat” the index it tracks and does not seek temporary defensive positions when markets decline or appear overvalued. </div><div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">NTI uses a representative sampling strategy to manage the Fund. “Representative sampling” is investing in a representative sample of securities that collectively has an investment profile similar to the Underlying Index. The Fund may or may not hold all of the securities that are included in the Underlying Index. The Fund reserves the right to invest in substantially all of the securities in its Underlying Index in approximately the same proportions (i.e., replication) if NTI determines that it is in the best interest of the Fund. </div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in California tax‑exempt bonds. AMT obligations (also known as “private activity bonds”), which pay interest that may be treated as an item of tax preference to shareholders under the federal AMT, will not be deemed to be eligible California tax‑exempt bonds for the purposes of determining whether the Fund meets this policy. For shareholders subject to AMT, a portion of the Fund’s dividends may be subject to federal tax. </div> The Fund will concentrate its investments (i.e., invest more than 25% of its net assets) in a particular industry or group of industries to approximately the same extent that the Underlying Index is concentrated. The components of the Underlying Index, and the degree to which these components represent certain industries or sectors, may change over time. <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">MUNICIPAL INVESTMENTS RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the value of a municipal security generally depends on the financial and credit status of the issuer. Constitutional amendments, legislative enactments, executive orders, administrative regulations, voter initiatives, and the issuer’s regional economic conditions may affect a municipal security’s value, interest payments, repayment of principal and the Fund’s ability to sell the security. The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business, political or public health developments if it focuses its assets in municipal bonds that are issued to finance similar projects (such as those relating to education, health care, housing, transportation, and utilities), industrial development bonds, in particular types of municipal securities (such as general obligation bonds, private activity bonds and moral obligation bonds), or in municipal securities of a particular state or territory. While income earned on municipal securities is generally not subject to federal tax, the failure of a municipal security issuer to comply with applicable tax requirements may make income paid thereon taxable, resulting in a decline in the security’s value. In addition, there could be changes in applicable tax laws or tax treatments that reduce or eliminate the current federal income tax exemption on municipal securities or otherwise adversely affect the current federal or state tax status of municipal securities. The secondary market for municipal obligations also tends to be less well‑developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund’s ability to sell its municipal obligations at attractive prices. Further, inventories of municipal securities held by brokers and dealers have decreased in recent years, lessening their ability to make a market in these securities, which has resulted in increased municipal security price volatility and trading costs, particularly during periods of economic or market stress. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">CALIFORNIA-SPECIFIC RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that the Fund will be more exposed to risks associated with the negative aspects of California’s economy, political system, public health and government financing structures than a fund that invests more widely. Unfavorable developments in any economic sector or in </span></div><div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">the California economy as a whole may have a substantial impact on the overall California municipal market. Provisions of the California Constitution and State statutes that limit the taxing and spending authority of California governmental entities may impair the ability of California issuers to pay principal and/or interest on their obligations. While California’s economy is broad, it does have major concentrations in technology, manufacturing, trade, entertainment, private education, health services, and financial services, and may be sensitive to economic problems affecting those industries. Future California political, public health and economic developments, constitutional amendments, legislative measures, executive orders, administrative regulations, litigation and voter initiatives could have an adverse effect on the debt obligations of California issuers. </div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">MUNICIPAL MARKET VOLATILITY RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that the Fund may be adversely affected by volatility in the municipal market. The municipal market can be significantly affected by adverse tax, legislative, political or public health changes and the financial condition of the issuers of municipal securities. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">MUNICIPAL TAX LIABILITY RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that shareholders of the Fund could be subject to tax liabilities. The Fund will invest in municipal securities in reliance at the time of purchase on an opinion of bond counsel to the issuer that the interest paid on those securities will be excludable from gross income for regular federal income tax purposes. Subsequent to the Fund’s acquisition of a municipal security, however, the municipal security may be determined to pay, or to have paid, taxable income. As a result, the treatment of dividends previously paid or to be paid by the Fund as exempt-interest dividends could be adversely affected, subjecting the Fund’s shareholders to increased federal income tax liabilities. Certain other investments made by the Fund, including its derivative holdings, may result in the receipt of taxable income or gains by the Fund. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">INCOME RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund’s income may decline when interest rates fall. This decline can occur because the Fund must invest in lower-yielding bonds as bonds in its portfolio mature, bonds in the Underlying Index are substituted or the Fund otherwise needs to purchase additional bonds. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">CREDIT (OR DEFAULT) RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the inability or unwillingness of an issuer or guarantor of a fixed-income security, or a counterparty to a repurchase or other transaction, to meet its principal or interest payments or other financial obligations in a timely manner will adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and its returns. Changes in an issuer’s financial strength, the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness, or in the credit rating of the issuer or the security may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in that issuer. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">DEBT EXTENSION RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that when interest rates rise an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on certain debt securities held by the Fund later than expected. This will cause the value of the security, and the Fund’s NAV, to decrease, and the Fund may lose opportunities to invest in higher yielding securities. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">CASH TRANSACTIONS RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk from the Fund effecting creation and redemption orders of its shares entirely for cash, rather than for in‑kind securities. The Fund may have to sell portfolio securities at inopportune times in order to obtain the cash needed to meet redemption orders. This may cause the Fund to sell a security or other financial instrument and recognize a capital gain or loss that might not have been incurred if it had not effected a redemption order entirely for cash. As such, investments in Fund shares may be less tax‑efficient than an investment in an ETF that meets redemption orders entirely in‑kind with portfolio securities. The use of all cash creation and redemption orders may also cause the Fund’s shares to trade in the secondary market at wider bid‑ask spreads and/or greater premiums or discounts to the Fund’s NAV. To the extent that the maximum additional variable charge for cash creation or cash redemption transactions is insufficient to cover the transaction costs of purchasing or selling portfolio securities, the Fund’s performance could be negatively impacted. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">INTEREST RATE RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that during periods of rising interest rates, the market value of the Fund’s securities will tend to be lower than prevailing market rates and in periods of falling interest rates, the market value of the Fund’s securities will tend to be higher. The Fund’s yield will vary as short-term securities in its portfolio mature and the proceeds are reinvested in securities with different interest rates. In general, securities with longer maturities or durations are more sensitive to interest rate changes. A general rise in interest rates may cause investors to move out of fixed income securities on a large scale, which could adversely affect the price and liquidity of fixed income securities and could also result in increased redemptions for the Fund. During periods when inflation rates are high or rising, or during periods of low interest rates, the Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable and may have unpredictable effects on the markets and the Fund’s investments, may result in heightened market volatility, may impact the liquidity of fixed-income securities and of the Fund, and may detract from Fund performance. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">PREPAYMENT (OR CALL) RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that an issuer could exercise its right to pay principal on callable debt securities held by the Fund earlier than expected. Issuers may be more likely to prepay when interest rates fall, when credit spreads change, or when an issuer’s credit quality improves. If this happens, the </span></div><div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">Fund will not benefit from the rise in the market price of the securities that normally accompanies a decline in interest rates and will be forced to reinvest prepayment proceeds in lower yielding securities, which may reduce the Fund’s returns. The Fund may also lose any premium it paid to purchase the securities. </div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that a portion of the Fund’s otherwise tax‑exempt income may be taxable to those shareholders subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">MARKET RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that the value of the Fund’s investments may increase or decrease in response to expected, real or perceived economic, political or financial events in the U.S. or global markets. The frequency and magnitude of such changes in value cannot be predicted. Certain securities and other investments held by the Fund may experience increased volatility, illiquidity, or other potentially adverse effects in response to changing market conditions, inflation, elevated levels of government debt, changes in interest rates, lack of liquidity in the bond or equity markets or volatility in the equity markets. Market disruptions caused by local or regional events such as financial institution failures, changes in trade regulation or economic sanctions, internal unrest and discord, war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness (including epidemics and pandemics) or other public health issues, recessions, the threat or occurrence of a government shutdown, or other events or adverse investor sentiment could have a significant impact on the Fund and its investments. During periods of market disruption or other abnormal market conditions, the Fund’s exposure to risks described elsewhere in this summary will likely increase. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">INDEX RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund would not necessarily buy or sell a security unless that security is added to or removed from, respectively, the Underlying Index, even if that security generally is underperforming, because unlike many investment companies, the Fund does not utilize an investing strategy that seeks returns in excess of the Underlying Index. Additionally, the Fund rebalances and/or reconstitutes its portfolio in accordance with the Underlying Index, and, therefore, any changes to the Underlying Index’s rebalance and/or reconstitution schedule will result in corresponding changes to the Fund’s rebalance and/or reconstitution schedule. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">TRACKING ERROR RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund’s performance may vary from the performance of the Underlying Index as a result of creation and redemption activity, transaction costs, expenses and other factors. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions or other abnormal market conditions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to required levels in order to track its Underlying Index or cause delays in the Underlying Index’s rebalancing and/or reconstitution schedule. During any such delay, it is possible that the Underlying Index, and, in turn, the Fund will deviate from the Underlying Index’s stated methodology and therefore experience returns different than those that would have been achieved under a normal rebalancing or reconstitution schedule. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">SAMPLING RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund’s use of a representative sampling approach may result in increased tracking error because the securities selected for the Fund in the aggregate may vary from the investment profile of the Underlying Index. Additionally, the use of a representative sampling approach may result in the Fund holding a smaller number of securities than the Underlying Index, and, as a result, an adverse development to an issuer of securities that the Fund holds could result in a greater decline in NAV than would be the case if the Fund held all of the securities in the Underlying Index. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">AUTHORIZED PARTICIPANT CONCENTRATION RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund may be adversely affected because it has a limited number of institutions that act as authorized participants (“Authorized Participants”). Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund and none of those Authorized Participants is obligated to engage in creation and/or redemption transactions. To the extent that these institutions exit the business or are unable or unwilling to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant is able or willing to step forward to create or redeem Creation Units (as defined below), Fund shares may trade at a discount to NAV and possibly face trading halts and/or delisting. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">CALCULATION METHODOLOGY RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Underlying Index’s calculation methodology or sources of information may not provide an accurate assessment of included issuers or correct valuation of securities, nor is the availability or timeliness of the production of the Underlying Index guaranteed. A security included in the Underlying Index may not exhibit the characteristic or provide the specific exposure for which it was selected and consequently a Fund’s holdings may not exhibit returns consistent with that characteristic or exposure. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">MARKET TRADING RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the Fund faces because its shares are listed on a securities exchange, including the potential lack of an active market for Fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high volatility and disruption in the creation/redemption process of the Fund. ANY OF THESE FACTORS MAY LEAD TO THE FUND’S SHARES TRADING AT A PREMIUM OR DISCOUNT TO NAV. </span></div><div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">Trading in Fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of its listing exchange, make trading in the shares inadvisable. The market prices of Fund shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in its NAV, changes in the relative supply of, and demand for, Fund shares, and changes in the liquidity, or the perceived liquidity, of the Fund’s holdings. </div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">DERIVATIVES RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that derivatives may pose risks in addition to and greater than those associated with investing directly in securities, currencies and other instruments, may be illiquid or less liquid, more volatile, more difficult to value and leveraged so that small changes in the value of the underlying instrument may produce disproportionate losses to the Fund. Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party to the transaction will not perform its contractual obligations. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with investments in more traditional securities and instruments. </span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt;border-spacing:0px;width:100%"> <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;">∎</td> <td style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"> <div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">FUTURES CONTRACTS RISK</span></span> is the risk that there will be imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the Fund’s securities and the price of futures contracts, which may result in the strategy not working as intended; the possible inability of the Fund to sell or close out a futures contract at the desired time or price; losses due to unanticipated market movements, which potentially are unlimited; and the possible inability of the Fund’s investment adviser to correctly predict the direction of securities’ prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors, which may make the Fund’s returns more volatile or increase the risk of loss. </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt;border-spacing:0px;width:100%"> <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;">∎</td> <td style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"> <div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">OPTIONS CONTRACTS RISK</span></span> is the risk that there may be an imperfect correlation between the options and the securities markets that cause a given transaction to fail to achieve its objectives. The successful use of options depends on the investment adviser’s ability to predict correctly future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and securities markets. Exchanges can limit the number of positions that can be held or controlled by the Fund or the investment adviser, thus limiting the ability to implement the Fund’s strategies. </div> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">CONCENTRATION RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that, if the Fund is concentrated in a particular industry or group of industries, the Fund is likely to present more risks than a fund that is broadly diversified over several industries or groups of industries. Compared to the broad market, an individual industry may be more strongly affected by changes in the economic climate, broad market shifts, moves in a particular dominant stock or regulatory changes. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">LIQUIDITY RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that certain securities may be less liquid than others, which may make them difficult or impossible to sell at the time and the price that the Fund would like, and the Fund may have to lower the price, sell other securities instead or forgo an investment opportunity, adversely affecting the value of the Fund’s investments and its returns. In addition, less liquid securities may be more difficult to value, and markets may become less liquid when there are fewer interested buyers or sellers or when dealers are unwilling or unable to make a market for certain securities, and if the Fund is forced to sell these investments to meet redemption requests or for other cash needs, the Fund may suffer a loss. Banking regulations may also cause certain dealers to reduce their inventories of certain securities, which may further decrease the Fund’s ability to buy or sell such securities. All of these risks may increase during periods of market turmoil and could have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">VALUATION RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold"> </span>is the risk that the purchase or sale price the Fund could receive for a portfolio security may differ from the Fund’s valuation of the security, particularly for securities that trade in low volume or volatile markets or that are valued using a fair value methodology. In addition, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">NON‑DIVERSIFICATION RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that, because a non‑diversified fund may invest a larger portion of its assets in securities issued by or representing a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund, a Fund may be more susceptible to the risks associated with these particular issuers, or to a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting these issuers. </span></div> <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:7.5pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">SMALL FUND RISK</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;font-size:9.5pt"> is the risk that the Fund will not grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case it may experience greater tracking error to its Underlying Index than it otherwise would at higher asset levels, or it could ultimately liquidate without shareholder approval. In addition, investors in the Fund also bear the risk that, without sufficient assets, the Fund may not be successful in implementing its investment strategy or transacting in securities at the desired prices or on desirable terms. The timing of such liquidation may not be favorable and could have negative tax consequences for shareholders. From time to time, an Authorized Participant, a third-party investor, the Fund’s adviser or an affiliate of the Fund’s adviser, may invest in the Fund and hold its investment for a specific period of time in order to facilitate commencement of the Fund’s operations or for the Fund to achieve size or scale. There can be no assurance that any such entity would not redeem its investment or that the size of the Fund would be </span></div><div style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">maintained at such levels, which could negatively impact the Fund. The Fund’s distributor does not maintain a secondary market in the shares. </div> As with any fund, it is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, any other government agency, or The Northern Trust Company, its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. FUND PERFORMANCE <div style="margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">The Fund is new and therefore does not have a performance history for a full calendar year. Performance information for the Fund will be provided once it has annual returns for a full calendar year. </div><div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:times new roman;">Updated performance information for the Fund will be available and may be obtained on the Fund’s website at etfs.ntam.northerntrust.com or by calling 1‑855‑353‑9383. </div> The Fund is new and therefore does not have a performance history for a full calendar year. etfs.ntam.northerntrust.com 1‑855‑353‑9383 The management fee is structured as a “unitary management fee,” out of which the Fund’s investment adviser, Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI”), pays all of the ordinary operating expenses of the Fund, except for the following expenses, each of which is paid by the Fund: (i) the Fund’s management fee; (ii) distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b‑1 under the 1940 Act; (iii) interest expenses; (iv) brokerage expenses and other expenses (such as stamp taxes) in connection with the execution of portfolio transactions or in connection with creation and redemption transactions; (v) tax expenses; and (vi) extraordinary expenses, as determined under generally accepted accounting principles. “Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. The management fee is structured as a “unitary management fee,” out of which the Fund’s investment adviser, Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI”), pays all of the ordinary operating expenses of the Fund, except for the following expenses, each of which is paid by the Fund: (i) the Fund’s management fee; (ii) distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b‑1 under the 1940 Act; (iii) interest expenses; (iv) brokerage expenses and other expenses (such as stamp taxes) in connection with the execution of portfolio transactions or in connection with creation and redemption transactions; (v) tax expenses; and (vi) extraordinary expenses, as determined under generally accepted accounting principles. “Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.