<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:01a01503-1087-79f6-a39e-2aaf1e24bde4,g:13a76e8c-f100-403a-8bda-a920a4a3a8ca-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://bowheadspecialty.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="bow-20260817.xsd#Cover"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://bowheadspecialty.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_01a01503-1087-7739-b1b6-9277856c8c2b" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_01a01503-1087-7739-b1b6-9277856c8c2b" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_01a01503-1087-7740-8705-8c01a2a5236a" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_01a01503-1087-7740-8705-8c01a2a5236a" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_01a01503-1087-7bbc-abe8-484638b72f81" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_01a01503-1087-7bbc-abe8-484638b72f81" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_01a01503-1087-7b7b-a7d8-9621fd842e98" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_01a01503-1087-7b7b-a7d8-9621fd842e98" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_01a01503-1087-7113-8749-e5316cb133e9" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_01a01503-1087-7113-8749-e5316cb133e9" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_01a01503-1087-7d0d-810d-4bb9e90fb68b" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_01a01503-1087-7d0d-810d-4bb9e90fb68b" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_01a01503-1087-7f65-8686-19643efbdf94" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="7" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_01a01503-1087-7f65-8686-19643efbdf94" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_01a01503-1087-78c3-ab7a-3125a6c62dd6" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="8" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_01a01503-1087-78c3-ab7a-3125a6c62dd6" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_01a01503-1087-779a-91e2-22c610c55ba3" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="9" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_01a01503-1087-779a-91e2-22c610c55ba3" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_01a01503-1087-7933-9194-e331005fcd4c" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="10" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_01a01503-1087-7933-9194-e331005fcd4c" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_01a01503-1087-745b-8cdb-fb8066f12713" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="11" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_01a01503-1087-745b-8cdb-fb8066f12713" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_01a01503-1087-7b5b-b711-2737d8f118de" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="12" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_01a01503-1087-7b5b-b711-2737d8f118de" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_01a01503-1087-7f52-b36a-f640303a7698" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="13" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_01a01503-1087-7f52-b36a-f640303a7698" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_01a01503-1087-7862-986b-b8bb73db38d8" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="14" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_01a01503-1087-7862-986b-b8bb73db38d8" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_01a01503-1087-74dc-a82f-79968ce13c41" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="15" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_01a01503-1087-74dc-a82f-79968ce13c41" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_01a01503-1087-77e1-98bb-32b9f172ee03" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="16" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_01a01503-1087-77e1-98bb-32b9f172ee03" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_01a01503-1087-72be-8b75-e807fc3c713b" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="17" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_01a01503-1087-72be-8b75-e807fc3c713b" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_01a01503-1087-701c-9216-1b238dc62cbc" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="18" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_01a01503-1087-701c-9216-1b238dc62cbc" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_01a01503-1087-7dc3-b279-4013452f09de" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="19" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_01a01503-1087-7dc3-b279-4013452f09de" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_01a01503-1087-7b0e-8708-99c8d42c82e3" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="20" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_01a01503-1087-7b0e-8708-99c8d42c82e3" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_01a01503-1087-7a34-a739-d54bb02c1e2f" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="21" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_01a01503-1087-7a34-a739-d54bb02c1e2f" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_01a01503-1087-779d-8f2e-f72e25854cc5" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="22" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_01a01503-1087-779d-8f2e-f72e25854cc5" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_01a01503-1087-726d-9d2f-5629efc5bbe0" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="23" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_01a01503-1087-7503-82b6-7b9fb071dbfb" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_01a01503-1087-726d-9d2f-5629efc5bbe0" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
  </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
