v3.26.1
Fair Value Measurements
9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Fair Value Measurements  
Fair Value Measurements

4.     Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The following table presents the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

June 30, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

(Level 1)

  ​ ​ ​

(Level 2)

  ​ ​ ​

(Level 3)

Liabilities

Unsecured promissory note (measured at fair value)

$

$

$

18,227,000

Warrant liability

7,758,238

Total

$

$

$

25,985,238

September 30, 2025

(Level 1)

  ​ ​ ​

(Level 2)

  ​ ​ ​

(Level 3)

Liabilities

Unsecured convertible promissory note (measured at fair value)

$

$

$

29,947,000

Warrant liability

4,768,438

Total

$

$

$

34,715,438

The table presented below is a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 valuation for the warrant liability, and, unsecured convertible and non-convertible promissory notes for the nine months ended June 30, 2026:

Unsecured

Unsecured Convertible

  ​ ​ ​

Promissory Note

  ​ ​ ​

Promissory Note

  ​ ​ ​

Warrants

Balance at September 30, 2025

$

$

29,947,000

$

4,768,438

Issuance of promissory notes

17,000,000

Principal and accrued interest converted to common stock

(18,114,784)

Loss from change in fair value

1,227,000

4,124,336

2,989,800

Repayment

(17,000,000)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

1,043,448

Balance at June 30, 2026

$

18,227,000

$

$

7,758,238

The $4.1 million loss from the change in fair value shown in the table above includes an increase of $3.0 million on the March 2025 Note as a result of a Major Trigger Event (defined in the March 2025 Note) during the 9 months ended June 30, 2026.

Unsecured convertible promissory note

As further described in Note 7, the Company elected the fair value option to account for the unsecured convertible promissory notes. Prior to the conversion of the remaining outstanding principal and accrued interest into shares of the Company’s common stock in May 2026, the fair value was estimated using a binomial lattice model, which evaluates the payouts under hold, convert or call decisions. Significant estimates in the binomial lattice model include the Company’s stock price, volatility, risk-free rate of return, and credit-adjusted discount rate.

Immediately prior to the conversion of the remaining outstanding principal and accrued interest into shares of the Company’s common stock in May 2026, the notes were remeasured at fair value based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the applicable conversion dates.

The fair values of the unsecured convertible promissory notes were estimated using a binomial lattice model with the following assumptions at September 30, 2025:

September 30, 2025

Term (years)

0.8

Volatility

118.0

%

Risk-free rate

3.8

%

Dividend yield

%

Credit-adjusted discount rate

18.8

%

Stock price

$

1.06

In May 2026, the remaining outstanding principal and accrued interest under the unsecured convertible promissory notes were converted into shares of the Company’s common stock. Immediately prior to each conversion, the notes were remeasured at fair value based on the number of shares issued upon conversion and the quoted closing price of the Company’s common stock on the applicable conversion date. The closing prices used to determine fair value were $0.40 per share on May 26, 2026 and $0.59 per share on May 27, 2026. Accordingly, the binomial lattice model was not used to estimate the fair value of the notes on the conversion dates. Following the conversions, no amounts remained outstanding under the unsecured convertible promissory notes.

March 2026 Note

As further described in Note 7, the Company elected the fair value option to account for the March 2026 Note. The fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow model which estimates the fair value of the instrument based on the present value of expected future cash flows, using assumptions that reflect the instrument’s terms and risk characteristics.

Significant estimates in the discounted cash flow model include the term, final redemption value and discount rate.

June 30, 2026

Term (years)

0.96

Credit spread

24.1

%

Final redemption value

$

122.2

Common stock warrants

The warrants issued in connection with private placements that closed on March 18, 2024 and April 15, 2024 (the “Private Placement Warrants”) were classified as liabilities on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets as the Company assessed that they are not indexed to the Company’s own stock.

The above warrant liabilities are revalued each reporting period with the change in fair values recorded in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations until the warrants are exercised or expire. The fair values of the warrant liabilities are estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following weighted average assumptions:

  ​ ​ ​

June 30, 2026

September 30, 2025

Risk-free interest rate

4.15

%  

3.64

%

Remaining contractual term of warrants (years)

2.8

3.5

Expected volatility

170.1

%

148.6

%

Annual dividend yield

%

%

Stock price

$

1.59

$

1.06