<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!--XBRL document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  11.4.0.1 -->
<!--Based on XBRL 2.1-->
<!--Created on: 8/18/2026 9:01:32 PM-->
<!--Modified on: 8/18/2026 9:01:32 PM-->
<link:linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance">
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#StatementCondensedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/StatementCondensedBalanceSheets" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#StatementCondensedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLoss" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/StatementCondensedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLoss" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#StatementCondensedStatementsOfCashFlows" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/StatementCondensedStatementsOfCashFlows" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosurePropertyAndEquipmentNetDetails" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosurePropertyAndEquipmentNetDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxesReconciliationDetails" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxesReconciliationDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxesDeferredTaxAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxesDeferredTaxAssetsDetails" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureMarketableSecuritiesDetailss" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureMarketableSecuritiesDetailss" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureFairValueMeasurementsDetailss" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementsDetailss" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureLeasesMaturitiesDetailsCalc2" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureLeasesMaturitiesDetailsCalc2" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureLeasesMaturitiesDetailss" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureLeasesMaturitiesDetailss" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureSegmentInformationSignificantExpenseCategoriesDetailss" roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureSegmentInformationSignificantExpenseCategoriesDetailss" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureStockBasedCompensationAssumptionsDetails" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureStockBasedCompensationAssumptionsDetails" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureSegmentInformationOtherInformationDetails" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureSegmentInformationOtherInformationDetails" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureCollaborationAgreementDetails" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureCollaborationAgreementDetails" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureLeasesOtherInformationDetails" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureLeasesOtherInformationDetails" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureAssetImpairment" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureAssetImpairment" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureAssetImpairmentDetails" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureAssetImpairmentDetails" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureSubsequentEventsDetailss" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureSubsequentEventsDetailss" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxesDetails" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxesDetails" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureNetLossPerShareAttributableToCommonStockholdersComputationForBasicAndDilutedLossPerShareDetails" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureNetLossPerShareAttributableToCommonStockholdersComputationForBasicAndDilutedLossPerShareDetails" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureStockBasedCompensationAssumptionsDetailss" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureStockBasedCompensationAssumptionsDetailss" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureSegmentInformationOtherInformationDetailss" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureSegmentInformationOtherInformationDetailss" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureCollaborationAgreementDetailss" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureCollaborationAgreementDetailss" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureLeasesOtherInformationDetailss" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#DisclosureLeasesOtherInformationDetailss" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:href="https://www.xbrl.org/2023/calculation-1.1.xsd#summation-item" xlink:type="simple" />
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/StatementCondensedBalanceSheets" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="100100 - Statement - CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterestCurrent_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_639226836913512284" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_639226836913512284" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_639226836913512284" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_639226836913512284" xlink:to="nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/StatementCondensedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLoss" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="100200 - Statement - CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="4" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringCostsAndAssetImpairmentCharges" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestructuringCostsAndAssetImpairmentCharges_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestructuringCostsAndAssetImpairmentCharges_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/StatementCondensedStatementsOfCashFlows" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="100400 - Statement - CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationAndOther" xlink:label="nxtc_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationAndOther_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="nxtc_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationAndOther_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_NoncashOperatingLeaseExpense" xlink:label="nxtc_NoncashOperatingLeaseExpense_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="nxtc_NoncashOperatingLeaseExpense_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_TangibleAssetImpairmentCharges" xlink:label="us-gaap_TangibleAssetImpairmentCharges_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_TangibleAssetImpairmentCharges_639226836913512284" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments_639226836913512284" order="5" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_639226836913512284" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="nxtc_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedAndOtherCurrentLiabilities_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="nxtc_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedAndOtherCurrentLiabilities_639226836913512284" order="7" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentLiabilities_639226836913512284" order="8" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_639226836913512284" order="9" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_639226836913512284" order="10" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_639226836913512284" order="11" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="3" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockPlans_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfTemporaryEquity" xlink:label="nxtc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfTemporaryEquity_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="nxtc_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfTemporaryEquity_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_639226836913512284" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosurePropertyAndEquipmentNetDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="140701 - Disclosure - Property and Equipment, Net (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="140801 - Disclosure - Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_AccruedClinicalTrialCostsCurrent" xlink:label="nxtc_AccruedClinicalTrialCostsCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" xlink:to="nxtc_AccruedClinicalTrialCostsCurrent_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_AccruedSponsoredResearchExpenseCurrent" xlink:label="nxtc_AccruedSponsoredResearchExpenseCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" xlink:to="nxtc_AccruedSponsoredResearchExpenseCurrent_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_639226836913512284" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_AccruedOperatingExpensesCurrent" xlink:label="nxtc_AccruedOperatingExpensesCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" xlink:to="nxtc_AccruedOperatingExpensesCurrent_639226836913512284" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_AccruedMilestonePaymentsCurrent" xlink:label="nxtc_AccruedMilestonePaymentsCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" xlink:to="nxtc_AccruedMilestonePaymentsCurrent_639226836913512284" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="nxtc_AccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesCurrent_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_639226836913512284" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxesReconciliationDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="141701 - Disclosure - Income Taxes - Reconciliation (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationOtherAdjustments_639226836913512284" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_639226836913512284" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch_639226836913512284" order="6" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCreditsResearchNet" xlink:label="nxtc_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCreditsResearchNet_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="nxtc_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTaxCreditsResearchNet_639226836913512284" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxCreditsResearch_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_639226836913512284" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_639226836913512284" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxesDeferredTaxAssetsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="141702 - Disclosure - Income Taxes - Deferred tax assets (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_639226836913512284" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_DeferredTaxAssetsCapitalizedResearchAndDevelopment" xlink:label="nxtc_DeferredTaxAssetsCapitalizedResearchAndDevelopment_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_639226836913512284" xlink:to="nxtc_DeferredTaxAssetsCapitalizedResearchAndDevelopment_639226836913512284" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseLiabilities" xlink:label="nxtc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseLiabilities_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_639226836913512284" xlink:to="nxtc_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLeaseLiabilities_639226836913512284" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxCreditCarryforwardsResearch_639226836913512284" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_639226836913512284" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_639226836913512284" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAndOther" xlink:label="nxtc_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAndOther_639226836913662528" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross_639226836913512284" xlink:to="nxtc_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAndOther_639226836913662528" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_639226836913662528" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_639226836913512284" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_639226836913662528" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_639226836913664427" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_639226836913664427" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements_639226836913664427" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_639226836913664427" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesLeasingArrangements_639226836913664427" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureMarketableSecuritiesDetailss" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="240501 - Disclosure - Marketable Securities (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_639226836913664427" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_639226836913664427" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_639226836913670074" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleAmortizedCostExcludingAccruedInterestBeforeAllowanceForCreditLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_639226836913670074" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesSingleMaturityDateAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesSingleMaturityDateAmortizedCostBasis" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearAmortizedCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearAmortizedCost_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesSingleMaturityDateAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearAmortizedCost_639226836913670074" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesOverOneYearAmortizedCost" xlink:label="nxtc_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesOverOneYearAmortizedCost_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesSingleMaturityDateAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="nxtc_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesOverOneYearAmortizedCost_639226836913670074" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesSingleMaturityDate" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesSingleMaturityDate" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesSingleMaturityDate" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_639226836913670074" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesOverOneYearFairValue" xlink:label="nxtc_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesOverOneYearFairValue_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesSingleMaturityDate" xlink:to="nxtc_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesOverOneYearFairValue_639226836913670074" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureFairValueMeasurementsDetailss" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="240601 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_MarketableSecuritiesAndCashEquivalents" xlink:label="nxtc_MarketableSecuritiesAndCashEquivalents" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="nxtc_MarketableSecuritiesAndCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure_639226836913670074" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="nxtc_MarketableSecuritiesAndCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleExcludingAccruedInterest_639226836913670074" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureLeasesMaturitiesDetailsCalc2" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="240602 - Disclosure - Leases - Maturities (Details) (Calc2)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_639226836913670074" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_639226836913670074" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureLeasesMaturitiesDetailss" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="240702 - Disclosure - Leases - Maturities (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsRemainderOfFiscalYear_639226836913670074" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextTwelveMonths_639226836913670074" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearTwo_639226836913670074" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearThree_639226836913670074" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFour_639226836913670074" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueYearFive_639226836913670074" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.nextcure.com/role/DisclosureSegmentInformationSignificantExpenseCategoriesDetailss" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="241102 - Disclosure - Segment Information - Significant expense categories (Details)">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseEmployeeCosts" xlink:label="nxtc_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseEmployeeCosts_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="nxtc_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseEmployeeCosts_639226836913670074" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseProfessionalServices" xlink:label="nxtc_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseProfessionalServices_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="nxtc_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseProfessionalServices_639226836913670074" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseInsurance" xlink:label="nxtc_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseInsurance_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="nxtc_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseInsurance_639226836913670074" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_639226836913670074" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_639226836913670074" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseDepreciation" xlink:label="nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseDepreciation_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseDepreciation_639226836913670074" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseNonclinicalProductCandidates" xlink:label="nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseNonclinicalProductCandidates_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseNonclinicalProductCandidates_639226836913670074" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseClinicalProductCandidates" xlink:label="nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseClinicalProductCandidates_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseClinicalProductCandidates_639226836913670074" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="nxtc-20260630.xsd#nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeCosts" xlink:label="nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeCosts_639226836913670074" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="nxtc_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseEmployeeCosts_639226836913670074" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
</link:linkbase>
