Exhibit 2.1
EXECUTION VERSION
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
by and among
FULCRUM THERAPEUTICS, INC.,
FUSION MERGER SUB I, INC.,
FUSION MERGER SUB II, LLC,
and
SLATE MEDICINES, INC.
Dated as of August 16, 2026
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||
| ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS & INTERPRETATIONS |
3 | |||||
| Section 1.1 |
Certain Definitions | 3 | ||||
| Section 1.2 |
Interpretation | 11 | ||||
| Section 1.3 |
Currency | 11 | ||||
| ARTICLE II THE MERGER |
11 | |||||
| Section 2.1 |
Formation of Merger Subs | 11 | ||||
| Section 2.2 |
The Mergers | 11 | ||||
| Section 2.3 |
Closing | 12 | ||||
| Section 2.4 |
First Effective Time; Second Effective Time | 12 | ||||
| Section 2.5 |
Effects of the Merger | 12 | ||||
| Section 2.6 |
Parent Governance | 12 | ||||
| Section 2.7 |
First Step Surviving Company and Surviving Entity Governance | 13 | ||||
| ARTICLE III EFFECT ON THE CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CONSTITUENT COMPANIES; EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES |
14 | |||||
| Section 3.1 |
Conversion of Capital Stock | 14 | ||||
| Section 3.2 |
Treatment of Company Options | 15 | ||||
| Section 3.3 |
Treatment of Company Warrants | 16 | ||||
| Section 3.4 |
Exchange and Payment | 16 | ||||
| Section 3.5 |
Withholding Rights | 19 | ||||
| Section 3.6 |
Dissenters Rights | 19 | ||||
| Section 3.7 |
Calculation of Net Cash | 20 | ||||
| ARTICLE IV REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY |
21 | |||||
| Section 4.1 |
Organization, Standing and Power | 22 | ||||
| Section 4.2 |
Capital Stock | 22 | ||||
| Section 4.3 |
Subsidiaries | 24 | ||||
| Section 4.4 |
Authority | 24 | ||||
| Section 4.5 |
No Conflict; Consents and Approvals | 25 | ||||
| Section 4.6 |
Financial Statements | 26 | ||||
| Section 4.7 |
No Undisclosed Liabilities | 27 | ||||
| Section 4.8 |
Absence of Certain Changes or Events | 27 | ||||
| Section 4.9 |
Litigation | 28 | ||||
| Section 4.10 |
Compliance with Laws | 28 | ||||
| Section 4.11 |
Health Care Regulatory Matters | 28 | ||||
| Section 4.12 |
Benefit Plans | 31 | ||||
| Section 4.13 |
Labor and Employment Matters | 33 | ||||
i
| Section 4.14 |
Environmental Matters | 35 | ||||
| Section 4.15 |
Tax Matters | 36 | ||||
| Section 4.16 |
Contracts | 38 | ||||
| Section 4.17 |
Insurance | 39 | ||||
| Section 4.18 |
Properties | 40 | ||||
| Section 4.19 |
Intellectual Property; Privacy and Security | 40 | ||||
| Section 4.20 |
State Takeover Statutes | 43 | ||||
| Section 4.21 |
No Rights Plan | 43 | ||||
| Section 4.22 |
Related Party Transactions | 43 | ||||
| Section 4.23 |
Certain Payments | 44 | ||||
| Section 4.24 |
Trade Laws | 44 | ||||
| Section 4.25 |
CFIUS | 44 | ||||
| Section 4.26 |
Outbound Investment | 44 | ||||
| Section 4.27 |
Data Security Program | 44 | ||||
| Section 4.28 |
Brokers | 45 | ||||
| Section 4.29 |
Subscription Agreement | 45 | ||||
| Section 4.30 |
No Other Representations and Warranties | 45 | ||||
| ARTICLE V REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB |
45 | |||||
| Section 5.1 |
Organization, Standing and Power | 46 | ||||
| Section 5.2 |
Capital Stock | 47 | ||||
| Section 5.3 |
Subsidiaries | 48 | ||||
| Section 5.4 |
Authority | 48 | ||||
| Section 5.5 |
No Conflict; Consents and Approvals | 49 | ||||
| Section 5.6 |
SEC Reports; Financial Statements | 50 | ||||
| Section 5.7 |
No Undisclosed Liabilities | 52 | ||||
| Section 5.8 |
Absence of Certain Changes or Events | 52 | ||||
| Section 5.9 |
Litigation | 53 | ||||
| Section 5.10 |
Compliance with Law | 53 | ||||
| Section 5.11 |
Health Care Regulatory Matters | 53 | ||||
| Section 5.12 |
Benefit Plans | 55 | ||||
| Section 5.13 |
Labor and Employment Matters | 57 | ||||
| Section 5.14 |
Environmental Matters | 59 | ||||
| Section 5.15 |
Tax Matters | 59 | ||||
| Section 5.16 |
Contracts | 62 | ||||
| Section 5.17 |
Insurance | 64 | ||||
| Section 5.18 |
Properties | 64 | ||||
| Section 5.19 |
Intellectual Property | 64 | ||||
| Section 5.20 |
Related Party Transactions | 66 | ||||
| Section 5.21 |
Certain Payments | 67 | ||||
| Section 5.22 |
Trade Laws | 67 | ||||
| Section 5.23 |
CFIUS | 67 | ||||
| Section 5.24 |
Outbound Investment | 67 | ||||
| Section 5.25 |
Data Security Program | 67 | ||||
| Section 5.26 |
Brokers | 67 | ||||
ii
| Section 5.27 |
Opinion of Financial Advisor | 67 | ||||
| Section 5.28 |
State Takeover Statutes | 68 | ||||
| Section 5.29 |
No Other Representations or Warranties | 68 | ||||
| ARTICLE VI COVENANTS |
68 | |||||
| Section 6.1 |
Operation of Parent’s Business | 68 | ||||
| Section 6.2 |
Operation of Company’s Business | 71 | ||||
| Section 6.3 |
Access and Investigation | 73 | ||||
| Section 6.4 |
No Solicitation | 74 | ||||
| Section 6.5 |
Notification of Certain Matters | 76 | ||||
| Section 6.6 |
Parent Options | 76 | ||||
| Section 6.7 |
Parent Restricted Stock Unit Awards | 76 | ||||
| Section 6.8 |
Parent ESPP | 77 | ||||
| Section 6.9 |
Parent 401(k) Plan | 77 | ||||
| ARTICLE VII ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS |
77 | |||||
| Section 7.1 |
Registration Statement; Proxy Statement | 77 | ||||
| Section 7.2 |
Company Stockholder Approval | 79 | ||||
| Section 7.3 |
Parent Stockholders’ Meeting | 81 | ||||
| Section 7.4 |
Efforts; Regulatory Approvals; Transaction Litigation | 84 | ||||
| Section 7.5 |
Indemnification, Exculpation and Insurance | 85 | ||||
| Section 7.6 |
Section 16 Matters | 87 | ||||
| Section 7.7 |
Disclosure | 87 | ||||
| Section 7.8 |
Listing | 88 | ||||
| Section 7.9 |
Tax Matters | 88 | ||||
| Section 7.10 |
Directors and Officers | 89 | ||||
| Section 7.11 |
Termination of Certain Agreements and Rights | 89 | ||||
| Section 7.12 |
Obligations of Merger Subs | 90 | ||||
| Section 7.13 |
Allocation Certificate | 90 | ||||
| Section 7.14 |
Pre-Closing Cash Dividend | 90 | ||||
| Section 7.15 |
Concurrent Investment | 91 | ||||
| Section 7.16 |
Parent Equity Plans | 91 | ||||
| Section 7.17 |
Parent SEC Documents | 92 | ||||
| ARTICLE VIII CLOSING CONDITIONS |
92 | |||||
| Section 8.1 |
Conditions Precedent of each Party | 92 | ||||
| Section 8.2 |
Conditions Precedent to Obligation of the Company | 93 | ||||
| Section 8.3 |
Conditions Precedent of Parent and Merger Sub | 94 | ||||
| ARTICLE IX TERMINATION |
95 | |||||
| Section 9.1 |
Termination | 95 | ||||
| Section 9.2 |
Effect of Termination | 98 | ||||
| Section 9.3 |
Expenses; Termination Fees | 98 | ||||
iii
| ARTICLE X GENERAL PROVISIONS |
100 | |||||
| Section 10.1 |
Non-survival of Representations and Warranties | 100 | ||||
| Section 10.2 |
Amendment or Supplement | 100 | ||||
| Section 10.3 |
Waiver | 100 | ||||
| Section 10.4 |
Fees and Expenses | 100 | ||||
| Section 10.5 |
Notices | 101 | ||||
| Section 10.6 |
Entire Agreement | 102 | ||||
| Section 10.7 |
No Third Party Beneficiaries | 102 | ||||
| Section 10.8 |
Governing Law | 102 | ||||
| Section 10.9 |
Submission to Jurisdiction | 102 | ||||
| Section 10.10 |
Assignment; Successors | 103 | ||||
| Section 10.11 |
Specific Performance | 103 | ||||
| Section 10.12 |
Severability | 103 | ||||
| Section 10.13 |
Waiver of Jury Trial | 103 | ||||
| Section 10.14 |
Counterparts | 103 | ||||
| Section 10.15 |
Facsimile or .pdf Signature | 104 | ||||
| Section 10.16 |
No Presumption Against Drafting Party | 104 | ||||
| Exhibit A | Form of Parent Support Agreement | |
| Exhibit B | Form of Company Support Agreement | |
| Exhibit C | Form of Lock-Up Agreement | |
| Exhibit D | Form of Subscription Agreement | |
| Exhibit E-1 | Form of First Certificate of Merger | |
| Exhibit E-2 | Form of Second Certificate of Merger |
iv
INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS
| Definition |
Location | |
| 2026 Equity Incentive Plan |
Section 1.1(a) | |
| 2026 ESPP |
Section 1.1(b) | |
| 2026 Plans |
Section 1.1(c) | |
| Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement |
Section 1.1(d) | |
| Accounting Firm |
Section 3.6(e) | |
| Acquisition Inquiry |
Section 1.1(e) | |
| Acquisition Proposal |
Section 1.1(f) | |
| Acquisition Transaction |
Section 1.1(g) | |
| Action |
Section 4.9 | |
| Affiliate |
Section 1.1(i) | |
| Agreement |
Preamble | |
| Allocation Certificate |
Section 7.13 | |
| Anticipated Meeting Date |
Section 3.6(a) | |
| Assumed Option |
Section 3.2 | |
| Business Day |
Section 1.1(j) | |
| Cash Determination Time |
Section 3.6(a) | |
| Certificate of Merger |
Section 2.4 | |
| Closing |
Section 2.3 | |
| COBRA |
Section 4.12(d)(v) | |
| Code |
Recitals | |
| Company |
Preamble | |
| Company Audited Financial Statements |
Section 7.1(g) | |
| Company Balance Sheet |
Section 4.6(b) | |
| Company Board |
Recitals | |
| Company Board Adverse Recommendation Change |
Section 7.2(c) | |
| Company Board Recommendation |
Section 7.2(c) | |
| Company Bylaws |
Section 4.1(b) | |
| Company Capital Stock |
Section 1.1(k) | |
| Company Charter |
Section 4.1(b) | |
| Company Disclosure Letter |
Article IV | |
| Company Equity Plan |
Section 1.1(l) | |
| Company Financial Statements |
Section 4.6(a) | |
| Company Fundamental Representations |
Section 1.1(m) | |
| Company Interim Financial Statements |
Section 4.6(a) | |
| Company Intervening Event |
Section 1.1(n) | |
| Company Notice Period |
Section 7.2(d) | |
| Company Options |
Section 1.1(o) | |
| Company Outstanding Shares |
Section 3.1(a)(i)(A) | |
| Company Owned IP |
Section 1.1(p) | |
| Company Plan |
Section 1.1(q) |
v
| Company Preferred Stock |
Section 1.1(r) | |
| Company Preferred Stock Conversion |
Section 3.1(b)) | |
| Company Products |
Section 4.11(c) | |
| Company Stock Awards |
Section 4.2(b) | |
| Company Stockholder Approval |
Recitals | |
| Company Support Agreements |
Recitals | |
| Company Termination Fee |
Section 9.3(b) | |
| Company Triggering Event |
Section 1.1(s) | |
| Company Valuation |
Section 3.1(a)(i)(B) | |
| Company Value Per Share |
Section 3.1(a)(i)(C) | |
| Concurrent Investment |
Recitals | |
| Concurrent Investment Amount |
Recitals | |
| Concurrent Investment Investor |
Recitals | |
| Concurrent Investment Investors |
Recitals | |
| Confidentiality Agreement |
Section 1.1(t) | |
| Contract |
Section 4.5(a) | |
| control |
Section 1.1(u) | |
| Controlled Group |
Section 4.12(c) | |
| Current Offering Period |
Section 6.8 | |
| Data Processors |
Section 4.19(h) | |
| Delaware Secretary of State |
Section 2.4 | |
| Delivery Date |
Section 3.6(a) | |
| DGCL |
Recitals | |
| Dispute Notice |
Section 3.6(b) | |
| Dissenting Shares |
Section 3.5 | |
| Dividend Record Date |
Section 7.14 (a) | |
| DLLCA |
Recitals | |
| Effective Time |
Section 2.4 | |
| Employee Plan |
Section 1.1(v) | |
| End Date |
Section 9.1(b) | |
| Environmental Law |
Section 4.14(b) | |
| ERISA |
Section 1.1(w) | |
| Exchange Act |
Section 4.5(b) | |
| Exchange Agent |
Section 3.3(a) | |
| Exchange Fund |
Section 3.3(a) | |
| Exchange Ratio |
Section 3.1(a)(i) | |
| FCPA |
Section 4.23 | |
| FDA |
Section 4.11(c) | |
| FDA Ethics Policy |
Section 4.11(i) | |
| Final Parent Net Cash |
Section 3.6(c) | |
| Form S-4 |
Section 7.1(a) | |
| GAAP |
Section 4.6(a) | |
| Governmental Entity |
Section 4.5(b) | |
| Hazardous Substance |
Section 4.14(c) | |
| Health Care Laws |
Section 4.11(a) | |
| HSR Act |
Section 1.1(x) |
vi
| Intellectual Property |
Section 1.1(y) | |
| Intended Tax Treatment |
Recitals | |
| Investor Agreements |
Section 7.11(a) | |
| IRS |
Section 4.12(b) | |
| IT Systems |
Section 4.19(g) | |
| knowledge |
Section 1.1(z) | |
| Law |
Section 4.5(a) | |
| Liens |
Section 4.5(a) | |
| Lock-Up Agreement |
Recitals | |
| Material Adverse Effect |
Section 4.1(a) | |
| Material Contracts |
Section 4.16(a) | |
| Measurement Date |
Section 5.2(a) | |
| Merger |
Recitals | |
| Merger Consideration |
Section 3.1(a)(i) | |
| Merger Sub |
Preamble, Preamble | |
| Multiemployer Plan |
Section 1.1(aa) | |
| Nasdaq |
Section 1.1(bb) | |
| Nasdaq Fees |
Section 1.1(cc) | |
| Nasdaq Issuance Proposal |
Recitals | |
| Nasdaq Listing Application |
Section 7.8 | |
| Nasdaq Reverse Stock Split |
Section 1.1(dd) | |
| Net Cash |
Section 1.1(ee) | |
| Ordinary Course Agreement |
Section 4.15(g) | |
| Outbound Investment Security Program |
Section 4.26, Section 5.24 | |
| Parent |
Preamble | |
| Parent 401(k) Plan |
Section 6.9 | |
| Parent Board |
Recitals | |
| Parent Board Adverse Recommendation Change |
Section 7.3(b) | |
| Parent Board Recommendation |
Section 7.3(b) | |
| Parent Common Stock |
Recitals | |
| Parent Common Stock Issuance |
Section 5.4(a) | |
| Parent Disclosure Letter |
Article V | |
| Parent Equity Plans |
Section 1.1(ff) | |
| Parent ESPP |
Section 1.1(gg) | |
| Parent Fundamental Representations |
Section 1.1(hh) | |
| Parent Intervening Event |
Section 7.3(c) | |
| Parent IT Systems |
Section 5.19(d) | |
| Parent Material Adverse Effect |
Section 5.1(a) | |
| Parent Material Contracts |
Section 5.16(a) | |
| Parent Net Cash Calculation |
Section 3.6(a) | |
| Parent Net Cash Schedule |
Section 3.6(a) | |
| Parent Notice Period |
Section 7.3(c) | |
| Parent Options |
Section 1.1(ii) | |
| Parent Outstanding Shares |
Section 3.1(a)(i)(D) | |
| Parent Owned IP |
Section 1.1(jj) |
vii
| Parent Plan |
Section 1.1(kk) | |
| Parent Preferred Stock |
Section 5.2(a) | |
| Parent Products |
Section 5.11(c) | |
| Parent Registered IP |
Section 5.19(a) | |
| Parent Restricted Stock Unit Awards |
Section 1.1(ll) | |
| Parent SEC Documents |
Section 5.6(a) | |
| Parent Stockholder Approval |
Section 5.4(a) | |
| Parent Stockholder Meeting |
Section 7.3(a) | |
| Parent Stockholder Proposals |
Section 7.3(a) | |
| Parent Support Agreements |
Recitals | |
| Parent Termination Fee |
Section 9.3(d) | |
| Parent Triggering Event |
Section 1.1(mm) | |
| Parent Valuation |
Section 3.1(a)(i)(E) | |
| Parent Value Per Share |
Section 3.1(a)(i)(F) | |
| PBGC |
Section 4.12(d)(iv) | |
| Permits |
Section 4.10 | |
| Permitted Alternative Agreement |
Section 9.1(j) | |
| Permitted Liens |
Section 4.18(a) | |
| Person |
Section 1.1(nn) | |
| Personal Information |
Section 4.19(h) | |
| Pre-Closing Cash Dividend |
Recitals | |
| Pre-Closing Cash Dividend Amount |
Section 7.14 | |
| Pre-Closing Period |
Section 6.1(a) | |
| Privacy Laws |
Section 4.19(h) | |
| Proxy Statement |
Section 7.1(a) | |
| Registration Statement |
Section 7.1(a) | |
| Representative |
Section 1.1(oo) | |
| Response Date |
Section 3.6(b) | |
| Reverse Stock Split Proposal |
Recitals | |
| Safety Notices |
Section 4.11(g) | |
| Sanctioned Country |
Section 1.1(pp) | |
| Sanctioned Person |
Section 1.1(qq) | |
| Sarbanes-Oxley Act |
Section 5.6(a) | |
| SEC |
Section 1.1(rr) | |
| Securities Act |
Section 4.5(b) | |
| Stockholder Notice |
Section 7.2(b) | |
| Subscription Agreement |
Recitals | |
| Subsequent Transaction |
Section 1.1(ss) | |
| Subsidiary |
Section 1.1(tt) | |
| Superior Offer |
Section 1.1(uu) | |
| Takeover Laws |
Section 4.20 | |
| Target Net Cash |
Section 3.1(a)(i)(E) | |
| Tax Action |
Section 4.15(d) | |
| Tax Certificates |
Section 7.9(c) | |
| Tax Return |
Section 1.1(vv) | |
| Taxes |
Section 1.1(ww) |
viii
| Trade Secrets |
Section 1.1(y) | |
| Transaction Expenses |
Section 1.1(xx) | |
| Transaction Litigation |
Section 7.4(c) | |
| WARN Act |
Section 4.13(d) | |
| Withholding Agent |
Section 3.4 |
ix
Exhibit 2.1
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
THIS AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER (this “Agreement”), dated as of August 16, 2026, by and among Fulcrum Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Parent”), Fusion Merger Sub I, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“First Merger Sub”), Fusion Merger Sub II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Second Merger Sub” and together with First Merger Sub, “Merger Subs”) and Slate Medicines, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, Parent and the Company intend to effect a merger of First Merger Sub with and into the Company (the “First Merger”) in accordance with this Agreement and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”). Upon consummation of the First Merger, First Merger Sub will cease to exist and the Company will become a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Parent;
WHEREAS, immediately following the First Merger and as part of the same overall transaction as the First Merger, the Company will merge with and into Second Merger Sub (the “Second Merger” and, together with the First Merger, the “Merger”) in accordance with this Agreement, the DGCL and the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (the “DLLCA”), with Second Merger Sub being the surviving entity of the Second Merger;
WHEREAS, the parties hereto intend that, consistent with Rev. Rul. 2001-46, 2001-2 C.B. 321, the First Merger and the Second Merger, taken together, constitute a single integrated transaction that qualifies as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder to which Parent and the Company are parties under Section 368(b) of the Code, and that this Agreement be, and hereby is, adopted as a “plan of reorganization” for the purposes of Section 368 of the Code and Treasury Regulations Sections 1.368-2(g) and 1.368-3(a) (the “Intended Tax Treatment”);
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Company Board”) has (i) determined that the transactions contemplated hereby are fair to, advisable and in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, (ii) approved and declared advisable this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and (iii) determined to recommend, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, that the stockholders of the Company vote to adopt this Agreement and thereby approve the transactions contemplated hereby;
WHEREAS, the Company Board has unanimously approved this Agreement and the Merger, with the Company continuing as the First Step Surviving Company (as defined below), after the First Effective Time (as defined below), pursuant to which each share of Company Capital Stock shall be converted into the right to receive a number of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Parent (the “Parent Common Stock”) equal to the Exchange Ratio, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;
1
WHEREAS, each of First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub is a newly organized Delaware entity that is directly and wholly owned by Parent, and has been formed for the sole purpose of effecting the Merger;
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of Parent (the “Parent Board”) has (i) determined that the transactions contemplated hereby are fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Parent and its stockholders, (ii) approved and declared advisable this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the issuance of shares of Parent Common Stock to the stockholders of the Company pursuant to this Agreement and the Parent Support Agreements, (iii) determined that the Reverse Stock Split Proposal (as defined below) is advisable and in the best interests of Parent and its stockholders, (iv) determined to recommend, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, that the stockholders of Parent vote to authorize the issuance of the Parent Common Stock in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635 (the “Nasdaq Issuance Proposal”) and (v) determined to recommend, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, as promptly as practicable after the forms thereof are mutually agreed to by Parent and the Company, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, that the stockholders of Parent vote to approve one or more amendments to Parent’s certificate of incorporation to effect the Nasdaq Reverse Stock Split (the “Reverse Stock Split Proposal”);
WHEREAS, the board of directors or managing member, as applicable, of each of First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub has (i) determined that the transactions contemplated hereby are fair to, advisable and in the best interests of such Merger Sub and its sole stockholder or member, (ii) approved and declared advisable this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and (iii) determined to recommend, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, that the stockholder or member of such Merger Sub votes to adopt this Agreement and thereby approve the transactions contemplated hereby;
WHEREAS, Parent, Merger Subs and the Company each desire to make certain representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in connection with the Merger and also to prescribe certain conditions to the Merger as specified herein;
WHEREAS, concurrently with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and as a condition and inducement to the Company’s willingness to enter into this Agreement, the officers, directors and stockholders of Parent listed on Section A of the Parent Disclosure Letter have entered into Parent Support Agreements, dated as of the date of this Agreement, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Parent Support Agreements”), pursuant to which such officers, directors and stockholders have, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, agreed to vote all of their shares of Parent Common Stock in favor of the approval of this Agreement and thereby approve the transactions contemplated hereby, including, but not limited to the Nasdaq Issuance Proposal and the Reverse Stock Split Proposal;
WHEREAS, concurrently with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and as a condition and inducement of Parent’s willingness to enter into this Agreement, the officers, directors and stockholders of the Company listed on Section A of the Company Disclosure Letter have entered into Company Support Agreements, dated as of the date of this Agreement, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “Company Support Agreements”), pursuant to which such officers, directors and stockholders have, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, agreed to vote all of their shares of Company Common Stock in favor of the adoption of this Agreement and thereby approve the transactions contemplated hereby;
2
WHEREAS, concurrently with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and as a condition and inducement to Parent’s willingness to enter into this Agreement, certain stockholders of the Company listed on Section B of the Company Disclosure Letter are executing lock-up agreements in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C (the “Lock-Up Agreement”);
WHEREAS, it is expected that within two (2) Business Days after the Registration Statement is declared effective under the Securities Act, the stockholders of the Company will execute an action by written consent by (a) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock and Company Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis, and (b) the holders of at least 55% of the outstanding shares of Company Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis (the “Requisite Preferred Holders”), in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Parent, approving and adopting this Agreement (the “Company Stockholder Approval”);
WHEREAS, the stockholders of Parent as of the Dividend Record Date (which for clarity shall exclude holders of Parent Common Stock issued as part of the Merger Consideration) shall be entitled to receive from Parent a cash dividend in an aggregate amount to be determined in accordance with Section 7.14 of this Agreement (the “Pre-Closing Cash Dividend”); and
WHEREAS, concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, certain investors (each a “Concurrent Investment Investor” and collectively the “Concurrent Investment Investors”) have entered into subscription agreements representing an aggregate commitment of not less than $245,000,000 (or as approximately close thereto due to rounding) (the “Concurrent Investment Amount”) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D (collectively, the “Subscription Agreement”), pursuant to which such Persons will have agreed, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, to subscribe and purchase a number of shares of the Company Common Stock (the “Concurrent Investment”).
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, and of the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements contained herein, and intending to be legally bound hereby, Parent, Merger Subs and the Company hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS & INTERPRETATIONS
Section 1.1 Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement:
(a) “2026 Equity Incentive Plan” shall mean an equity incentive plan of Parent in form and substance as designated by the Company (such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), reserving for issuance a number of shares of Parent Common Stock not exceeding fifteen percent (15%) of the Parent Common Stock issued and expected to be outstanding immediately after the First Effective Time.
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(b) “2026 ESPP” shall mean an “employee stock purchase plan” of Parent in form and substance as designated by the Company and agreed by Parent (such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), reserving for issuance a number of shares of Parent Common Stock not exceeding five percent (5%) of the Parent Common Stock issued and expected to be outstanding immediately after the First Effective Time.
(c) “2026 Plans” shall mean both the 2026 Equity Incentive Plan and 2026 ESPP.
(d) “Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement” means a confidentiality agreement containing terms not materially less restrictive in the aggregate to the counterparty thereto than the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement, except such confidentiality agreement need not contain any standstill, non-solicitation or no hire provisions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Person who has previously entered into a confidentiality agreement with Parent relating to a potential Acquisition Proposal on terms that are not materially less restrictive than the Confidentiality Agreement with respect to the scope of coverage and restrictions on disclosure and use shall not be required to enter into a new or revised confidentiality agreement, and such existing confidentiality agreement shall be deemed to be an Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement.
(e) “Acquisition Inquiry” means, with respect to a party, an inquiry, indication of interest or request for information (other than an inquiry, indication of interest or request for information made or submitted by the Company, on the one hand, or Parent, on the other hand, to the other party) that could reasonably be expected to lead to an Acquisition Proposal, other than the Concurrent Investment.
(f) “Acquisition Proposal” means, with respect to either party hereto, any proposal or offer (whether written or oral) from any Person (other than the other party or any of its Representatives) providing for an Acquisition Transaction (other than in connection with the Concurrent Investment or the exercise of existing equity interests).
(g) “Acquisition Transaction” means any transaction or series of related transactions (other than the Concurrent Investment) involving:
(i) any merger, consolidation, amalgamation, share exchange, business combination, issuance of securities, acquisition of securities, reorganization, recapitalization, tender offer, exchange offer or other similar transaction: (i) in which a party is a constituent entity, (ii) in which a Person or “group” (as defined in the Exchange Act and the rules promulgated thereunder) of Persons directly or indirectly acquires beneficial or record ownership of securities representing more than 20% of the outstanding securities of any class of voting securities of a party or any of its Subsidiaries or (iii) in which a party or any of its Subsidiaries issues securities representing more than 20% of the outstanding securities of any class of voting securities of such party or any of its Subsidiaries; or
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(ii) any sale, lease, exchange, transfer, license, acquisition or disposition of any business or businesses or assets that constitute or account for 20% or more of the consolidated book value of the fair market value of the assets of a party and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole.
(h) “Affiliate” of any Person means any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such first Person.
(i) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banks in Boston, Massachusetts or New York, New York are authorized or required by applicable Law to be closed.
(j) “Company Capital Stock” means, collectively, the Company Common Stock and Company Preferred Stock.
(k) “Company Common Stock” means the common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of the Company.
(l) “Company Equity Plan” means the Company’s 2024 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time.
(m) “Company Fundamental Representations” means each of the representations and warranties of the Company set forth in Section 4.1, Section 4.2(a), Section 4.4 and Section 4.27.
(n) “Company Intervening Event” means a material development or change in circumstances (other than any such event, development or change to the extent related to (A) any Acquisition Proposal, Acquisition Inquiry, Acquisition Transaction or the consequences thereof or (B) the fact, in and of itself, that the Company meets or exceeds internal budgets, plans or forecasts of its revenues, earnings or other financial performance or results of operations) that affects the business, assets or operations of the Company occurring or arising after the date of this Agreement.
(o) “Company Options” means options to purchase shares of Company Common Stock granted by the Company under the Company Equity Plan.
(p) “Company Warrants” means warrants to purchase shares of Company Common Stock that are outstanding and unexercised as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time.
(q) “Company Owned IP” means all Intellectual Property owned by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in whole or in part.
(r) “Company Plan” means each Employee Plan that is sponsored, maintained, or contributed (or required to be contributed) to by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for the benefit of one or more current or former employees, officers, directors or other service providers of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and with respect to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has any liability, contingent or otherwise, other than any plan, program, arrangement, agreement or policy mandated by applicable Laws.
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(s) “Company Preferred Stock” means, collectively, the Company Series Seed Preferred Stock, the Company Series A-1 Preferred Stock and the Company Series A-2 Preferred Stock.
(t) “Company Series Seed Preferred Stock” means the Series Seed Preferred Stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of the Company.
(u) “Company Series A-1 Preferred Stock” means the Series A-1 Preferred Stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of the Company.
(v) “Company Series A-2 Preferred Stock” means the Series A-2 Preferred Stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of the Company.
(w) “Company Triggering Event” shall be deemed to have occurred if at any time prior to the adoption of this Agreement by the Company Stockholder Approval: (a) the Company Board shall have approved, endorsed or recommended any Acquisition Proposal or (b) the Company shall have entered into any letter of intent or similar document or any Contract relating to any Acquisition Proposal (other than an Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement) permitted pursuant to Section 6.4.
(x) “Confidentiality Agreement” means that certain non-disclosure agreement, dated as of June 23, 2026, between the Company and Parent.
(y) “control” (including the terms “controlled,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
(z) “Disclosure-Only Litigation” means any Transaction Litigation (a) that asserts solely alleged disclosure deficiencies or inadequacies in the Registration Statement, the Proxy Statement or any other disclosure document filed or to be filed by Parent or the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including any claim for breach of fiduciary duty to the extent, and only to the extent, that such claim is based solely on such alleged disclosure deficiencies or inadequacies), and (b) that does not allege, in whole or in part, any breach of the fiduciary duty of care, loyalty or good faith (other than a disclosure-based claim of the type described in clause (a)), any breach of contract, any claim relating to the fairness of the Exchange Ratio or the process leading to the negotiation of this Agreement, or any other substantive claim not of the type described in clause (a).
(aa) “Employee Plan” means each “employee benefit plan” (within the meaning of section 3(3) of ERISA, whether or not subject to ERISA), Multiemployer Plans, and all stock purchase, stock option, stock appreciation right, phantom stock or other equity-based plan, severance, employment, change-in-control, fringe benefit, bonus, incentive, deferred compensation, compensation, supplemental retirement, health, life, or disability insurance, dependent care, vacation and all other employee benefit and compensation plans, agreements, programs, policies or other arrangements, whether or not subject to ERISA (including any funding mechanism therefor now in effect or required in the future as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or otherwise), whether formal or informal, written or oral.
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(bb) “ERISA” means the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
(cc) “HSR Act” means the U.S. Hart Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended.
(dd) “Intellectual Property” means all intellectual property rights of any kind, including all of the following: (i) trademarks or service marks (whether registered or unregistered), trade names, domain names, social media user names, social media addresses, logos, slogans, and trade dress, including applications to register any of the foregoing, together with the goodwill symbolized by any of the foregoing; (ii) patents, utility models and any similar or equivalent statutory rights with respect to the protection of inventions, and all applications for any of the foregoing, together with all re-issuances, continuations, continuations-in-part, divisionals, revisions, extensions and reexaminations thereof; (iii) copyrights (registered and unregistered) and applications for registration; (iv) trade secrets and customer lists, in each case to the extent any of the foregoing derives economic value (actual or potential) from not being generally known to other Persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or use, and other confidential information (“Trade Secrets”); and (v) any other proprietary or intellectual property rights of any kind or nature.
(ee) “knowledge” of any party means (i) the actual knowledge of any executive officer of such party or other officer having primary responsibility for the relevant matter or any employee consultant or interim officer serving similar roles (ii) any fact or matter which any such Person would be expected to discover or otherwise become aware of in the course of conducting a reasonably comprehensive inquiry, consistent with such Person’s title and responsibilities, concerning the existence of the relevant matter.
(ff) “Multiemployer Plan” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(37) of ERISA.
(gg) “Nasdaq” means The Nasdaq Stock Market.
(hh) “Nasdaq Fees” means all application fees payable to Nasdaq and associated with any action contemplated by Section 7.8.
(ii) “Nasdaq Reverse Stock Split” means a reverse stock split of all outstanding shares of Parent Common Stock at a reverse stock split ratio as mutually agreed to by Parent and the Company that is effectuated by Parent for the purpose of maintaining compliance with Nasdaq listing standards.
(jj) “Net Cash” means (i) Parent’s unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, plus (ii), and restricted cash to the extent capable of use by the combined company after the Closing, provided that in no event shall such amounts to be added to “Net Cash” exceed $1,100,000 plus any prepaid expenses and deposits that the parties mutually agree to include minus (iii) the sum of Parent’s short-term and long-term liabilities, including all accounts payable, indebtedness, lease termination costs, all actual and reasonably projected costs and any related prepayment penalties and premiums, and any unpaid Transaction Expenses (including any costs, fees or other liabilities, including Taxes, related to the premiums, commissions and other
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fees paid or payable in connection with obtaining Parent’s D&O tail policy as set forth in Section 7.5(c)), minus (iv) the sum of all notice payments, fines or other payments to be made by Parent in order to terminate, assign or fully perform any Parent Material Contract (other than any Contract set forth on Section 7.11(b) of the Parent Disclosure Letter) and to discharge all other liabilities of Parent contemplated by Section 6.1(d) of the Parent Disclosure Letter (including for avoidance of doubt, the SubSchedule 2 Contracts) and any other costs, fees or expenses associated with the Wind-Down Activities, in each case whether incurred prior to, at or after the Closing but only to the extent unpaid as of the Closing, minus (v) the sum of any and all unpaid liabilities of Parent to its employees or other service providers, including change in control payments (whether payable on a single-trigger or double-trigger basis), severance payments and any payroll or similar Taxes owed in connection with the foregoing or any of Parent’s equity plans, including, for the avoidance of doubt, any employer-side portion of any payroll or similar Taxes owed in connection with the vesting and settlement of the Parent Restricted Stock Unit Awards pursuant to Section 6.7 hereof, minus (vi) 50% of the mutually agreed estimated settlement amounts for any Disclosure-Only Litigation existing as of the Closing, provided that in no event shall such amounts to be deducted from “Net Cash” pursuant to this clause (vi) exceed $150,000 in the aggregate, minus (vii) the mutually agreed estimated settlement amounts and related legal and other expenses for any Transaction Litigation existing as of the Closing that is not Disclosure-Only Litigation (other than, to avoid double-counting, any such Transaction Litigation for which the liability has been accrued on Parent’s balance sheet), provided that any Transaction Litigation pursuant to this clause (vii) shall be initiated and shall not include Transaction Litigation that is threatened in writing, and provided further that in no event shall such amounts to be deducted from “Net Cash” pursuant to this clause (vii) exceed $750,000 in the aggregate, plus (viii) the amounts set forth on Section 1.1(a)(i) of the Parent Disclosure Letter. Set forth on Section 1.1(a)(ii) of the Parent Disclosure Letter is an illustrative example of the calculation of Net Cash.
(kk) “Parent Equity Plans” means each of Parent’s 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, 2019 Stock Incentive Plan and 2022 Inducement Stock Incentive Plan, in each case, as amended from time to time.
(ll) “Parent ESPP” means Parent’s 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
(mm) “Parent Fundamental Representations” means each of the representations and warranties of Parent and Merger Subs set forth in Section 5.1, Section 5.2, Section 5.3, Section 5.4 and Section 5.27.
(nn) “Parent ITM Option” means each Parent Option that is not a Parent OTM Option.
(oo) “Parent Options” means options to purchase shares of Parent Common Stock issued pursuant to a Parent Equity Plan or otherwise, but, for the avoidance of doubt, excluding the Parent ESPP.
(pp) “Parent OTM Option” means Parent Options with an exercise price greater than $7.00, in each case, as adjusted to take into account the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend in accordance with the Parent Equity Plans and the Nasdaq Reverse Stock Split, as applicable.
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(qq) “Parent Owned IP” means all Intellectual Property owned by Parent in whole or in part.
(rr) “Parent Plan” means each Employee Plan that is sponsored, maintained, or contributed (or required to be contributed) to by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries for the benefit of current or former employees, officers, directors or other service providers of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or with respect to which Parent or any of its Subsidiaries has any liability, contingent or otherwise, other than any plan, program, arrangement, agreement or policy mandated by applicable Laws.
(ss) “Parent Restricted Stock Unit Awards” means each award of restricted stock unit awards with respect to shares of Parent Common Stock issued pursuant to a Parent Equity Plan or otherwise.
(tt) “Parent Triggering Event” shall be deemed to have occurred if: (a) Parent shall have failed to include in the Proxy Statement the Parent Board Recommendation (as defined below), (b) the Parent Board or any committee thereof shall have made a Parent Board Adverse Recommendation Change or approved, endorsed or recommended any Acquisition Proposal, (c) Parent shall have entered into any letter of intent or similar document or any Contract relating to any Acquisition Proposal (other than an Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement permitted pursuant to Section 6.4), (d) a tender offer or exchange offer for outstanding shares of Parent Common Stock is commenced, and the Parent Board (or any committee thereof) recommends that the stockholders of Parent tender their shares in such tender or exchange offer or, within ten (10) Business Days after the commencement of such tender offer or exchange offer, the Parent Board fails to recommend against acceptance of such offer, or (e) Parent shall have failed to issue a press release confirming the Parent Board Recommendation within ten (10) Business Days following the Company’s written request to Parent to issue such press release in response to any other publicly announced Acquisition Proposal with respect to Parent.
(uu) “Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, trust or other entity or organization, including any Governmental Entity.
(vv) “Representative” means a party’s directors, officers, employees, investment bankers, financial advisors, attorneys, accountants or other advisors, agents or representatives.
(ww) “Sanctioned Country” means a country or territory that is the subject of a comprehensive embargo and other territory-wide sanctions or with which dealings are otherwise broadly restricted, prohibited or made sanctionable under any Trade Laws, currently including Iran, Syria (prior to July 1, 2025), North Korea, Cuba and the Crimea, the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, and the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic regions of Ukraine.
(xx) “Sanctioned Person” means any Person that (i) is listed on any Trade Laws-related list of designated or blocked persons (including without limitation the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List), (ii) is located, ordinarily resident or organized in a Sanctioned Country, (iii) is, or is an agent, representative or instrumentality of, the government of any Sanctioned Country or the government of Venezuela or (iv) owned 50% or more or, as applicable, controlled by the foregoing.
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(yy) “SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
(zz) “Subsequent Transaction” means any Acquisition Transaction (with all references to 20% in the definition of Acquisition Transaction being treated as references to 50% for these purposes).
(aaa) “Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person of which stock or other equity interests having ordinary voting power to elect more than 50% of the board of directors or other governing body are owned, directly or indirectly, by such first Person.
(bbb) “Superior Offer” means an unsolicited bona fide written Acquisition Proposal (with all references to 20% in the definition of Acquisition Transaction being treated as references to 50% for these purposes) that: (a) was not obtained or made as a direct or indirect result of a breach of (or in violation of) the Agreement and (b) is on terms and conditions that the Parent Board or the Company Board, as applicable, determines in good faith, based on such matters that it deems relevant (including the likelihood of consummation thereof and the financing terms thereof), as well as any written offer by the other party to the Agreement to amend the terms of the Agreement, and following consultation with its outside legal counsel and financial advisors, if any, are more favorable, from a financial point of view, to the Parent’s stockholders or the Company’s stockholders, as applicable, than the terms of the transactions contemplated hereby.
(ccc) “Tax Return” means any return, declaration, report, certificate, bill, election, claim for refund, information return, statement or other written information and any other document filed or supplied or required to be filed or supplied to any Governmental Entity with respect to Taxes, including any schedule, attachment or supplement thereto, and including any amendment thereof.
(ddd) “Taxes” means all U.S. federal, state and local and non-U.S. net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, stock, ad valorem, transfer, transaction, franchise, profits, gains, registration, license, wages, lease, service, service use, employee and other withholding, imputed underpayment, social security, unemployment, welfare, disability, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, workers’ compensation, premium, real property, personal property, windfall profits, net worth, capital, value-added, alternative or add-on minimum, customs duties, estimated and other taxes, fees, assessments, charges or levies in the nature of a tax (whether imposed, assessed, determined, administered, enforced or collected directly or through withholding and including any amounts resulting from the failure to file any Tax Return), whether disputed or not, together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax or additional amounts with respect thereto (or attributable to the nonpayment thereof).
(eee) “Transaction Expenses” means the aggregate amount (without duplication) of all costs, fees, Taxes and expenses incurred by Parent and Merger Subs, or for which Parent or Merger Subs are or may become liable in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and the negotiation, preparation and execution of this Agreement or any other agreement, document, instrument, filing, certificate, schedule, exhibit, letter or other document prepared or executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including the maximum amount of fees and expenses payable to financial advisors, investment bankers, brokers, consultants, Tax advisors, transfer agents (including the Exchange Agent), proxy solicitor and other advisors of
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Parent, including the employer portion of any payroll or similar Taxes incurred or to be incurred by Parent or Merger Subs with respect to the payment of any item listed in this definition of Transaction Expenses; provided, however, that Transaction Expenses shall specifically exclude (A) any fees and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the Concurrent Investment, (B) the value or anticipated value of any settlement or judgment that is entered into or awarded post-Closing relating to Transaction Litigation, (C) 50% of any Nasdaq Fees, and (D) 50% of the filing fees of Parent in connection with the HSR Act.
Section 1.2 Interpretation. When a reference is made in this Agreement to a Section, Article, Exhibit or Schedule such reference shall be to a Section, Article, Exhibit or Schedule of this Agreement unless otherwise indicated. The table of contents and headings contained in this Agreement or in any Exhibit or Schedule are for convenience of reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. All words used in this Agreement will be construed to be of such gender or number as the circumstances require. Any capitalized terms used in any Exhibit or Schedule but not otherwise defined therein shall have the meaning as defined in this Agreement. All Exhibits and Schedules annexed hereto or referred to herein are hereby incorporated in and made a part of this Agreement as if set forth herein. The word “including” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement will mean “including, without limitation,” unless otherwise specified. The words “hereof,” “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall refer to the Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision in this Agreement. The term “or” is not exclusive. The word “will” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “shall.” References to days mean calendar days unless otherwise specified.
Section 1.3 Currency. All references to “dollars” or “$” or “US$” in this Agreement refer to United States dollars, which is the currency used for all purposes in this Agreement.
ARTICLE II
THE MERGER
Section 2.1 Formation of Merger Subs. Parent has caused each of First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub to be organized under the laws of the State of Delaware.
Section 2.2 The Mergers. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and in accordance with the DGCL, at the First Effective Time, First Merger Sub shall be merged with and into the Company. Following the First Merger, the separate corporate existence of First Merger Sub shall cease, and the Company shall continue as the surviving company of the First Merger (the “First Step Surviving Company”) and a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and in accordance with the DGCL and the DLLCA, at the Second Effective Time, the First Step Surviving Company will merge with and into Second Merger Sub, and the separate existence of the First Step Surviving Company shall cease. As a result of the Second Merger, Second Merger Sub will continue as the surviving entity in the Second Merger (the “Surviving Entity”).
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Section 2.3 Closing. Unless this Agreement is earlier terminated pursuant to the provisions of Article IX, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Article VIII, the consummation of the Merger (the “Closing”) shall take place remotely by the electronic exchange of documents, as promptly as practicable (but in no event later than the second Business Day following the satisfaction or waiver of the last to be satisfied or waived of the conditions set forth in Article VIII, other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each of such conditions), unless another time, date and place is mutually agreed upon by Parent and the Company in writing. The date on which the Closing actually takes place is referred to as the “Closing Date.”
Section 2.4 First Effective Time; Second Effective Time. Upon the terms and subject to the provisions of this Agreement, at the Closing, the parties (i) shall cause the First Merger to be consummated by executing and filing a certificate of merger with respect to the First Merger in the form attached hereto as Exhibit E-1 hereto (the “First Certificate of Merger”) and (ii) shall cause the Second Merger to be consummated by executing and filing a certificate of merger with respect to the Second Merger in the form attached hereto as Exhibit E-2 hereto (the “Second Certificate of Merger” and together with the First Certificate of Merger, the “Certificate of Merger”), in each case, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware Secretary of State”), in such form as is required by, and executed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the DGCL and the DLLCA, as the case may be. The First Merger shall become effective at such time as the First Certificate of Merger is duly filed with the Delaware Secretary of State or at such other time as Parent and the Company shall agree in writing and shall specify in the Certificate of Merger (the time the First Merger becomes effective being the “First Effective Time”). The Second Merger shall become effective at the time of the filing of such Second Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or at such later time as may be specified in such Second Certificate of Merger with the consent of Parent and the Company (the time as of which the Second Merger becomes effective being the “Second Effective Time”).
Section 2.5 Effects of the Merger. At and after the First Effective Time, the First Merger shall have the effects set forth in this Agreement and in the relevant provisions of the DGCL. At and after the Second Effective Time, the Second Merger shall have the effects set forth in this Agreement and in the relevant provisions of the DGCL and the DLLCA. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, (i) at the First Effective Time, all the property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of the Company and First Merger Sub shall vest in the First Step Surviving Company, and all debts, liabilities and duties of the Company and First Merger Sub shall become the debts, liabilities and duties of the First Step Surviving Company, and (ii) at the Second Effective Time, all the property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of the First Step Surviving Company shall vest in the Surviving Entity, and all debts, liabilities and duties of the First Step Surviving Company shall become the debts, liabilities and duties of the Surviving Entity.
Section 2.6 Parent Governance.
(a) Parent Certificate of Incorporation. As of the Second Effective Time, the certificate of incorporation of Parent shall be identical to the certificate of incorporation of Parent immediately prior to the First Effective Time, until thereafter amended in accordance with its terms and as provided by applicable Law; provided, however, that, at the Second Effective Time or at such other time as Parent and the Company shall agree in writing, Parent shall file an amendment to the certificate of incorporation to (i) effect the Nasdaq Reverse Stock Split, (ii) change the name of Parent to “Slate Medicines, Inc.” and (iii) make such other changes as mutually agreeable to Parent and the Company.
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(b) Parent Bylaws. As of the Second Effective Time, the bylaws of Parent shall be identical to the bylaws of Parent immediately prior to the First Effective Time, until thereafter amended in accordance with their terms and as provided by applicable Law.
(c) Board of Directors. The parties shall take all action necessary (including, to the extent necessary, procuring the resignation of any directors on the Parent Board immediately prior to the First Effective Time) so that, as of the First Effective Time, the number of directors that comprise the full Board of Directors of Parent shall be five (5), and such Board of Directors shall upon the First Effective Time initially consist of the Persons set forth in Section 2.6(c) of the Company Disclosure Letter.
(d) Parent Officers. The parties shall take all action necessary (including, to the extent necessary, procuring the resignation or removal of any officers of Parent immediately prior to the First Effective Time) so that, as of the First Effective Time, the Parent officers shall initially consist of the Persons set forth in Section 2.6(d) of the Company Disclosure Letter.
Section 2.7 First Step Surviving Company and Surviving Entity Governance.
(a) First Step Surviving Company Certificate of Incorporation. At the First Effective Time, the Certificate of Incorporation of the First Step Surviving Company shall, by virtue of the First Merger and without any further action, be amended and restated to read in its entirety as set forth on Exhibit A to the Certificate of Merger, and, as so amended and restated, shall be the Certificate of Incorporation of the First Step Surviving Company until thereafter amended in accordance with applicable Law.
(b) First Step Surviving Company Bylaws. At the First Effective Time, the bylaws of the First Step Surviving Company shall be amended and restated to read in their entirety as the bylaws of First Merger Sub as in effect immediately prior to the First Effective Time (except that references to the name of First Merger Sub shall be replaced with references to the name of the First Step Surviving Company), and, as so amended and restated, shall be the bylaws of the First Step Surviving Company until thereafter amended in accordance with applicable Law.
(c) First Step Surviving Company Directors. The directors of the First Step Surviving Company shall be such persons as are designated by the Company prior to the First Effective Time, each to hold office in accordance with the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the First Step Surviving Company until the earlier of their resignation or removal or until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified.
(d) First Step Surviving Company Officers. The officers of the First Step Surviving Company shall be such persons as are designated by the Company prior to the First Effective Time, each to hold office in accordance with the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the First Step Surviving Company until the earlier of their resignation or removal or until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified.
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ARTICLE III
EFFECT ON THE CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CONSTITUENT COMPANIES;
EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES
Section 3.1 Conversion of Capital Stock.
(a) At the First Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of Parent, Merger Subs, the Company or the holders of any shares of capital stock of the Parent, Merger Subs or the Company:
(i) Subject to 3.4(g), each share of Company Capital Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the First Effective Time (other than any Excluded Shares and any Dissenting Shares) shall be converted into and become exchangeable for the right to receive, a number of shares of Parent Capital Stock equal to the Exchange Ratio (the “Merger Consideration”). As of the First Effective Time, all such shares of Company Capital Stock shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled and shall cease to exist, and shall thereafter only represent the right to receive the Merger Consideration. For purposes of this Agreement, the “Exchange Ratio” shall mean the ratio (rounded to four decimal places) equal to (a) the Company Value Per Share divided by (b) the Parent Value Per Share, in which:
(A) “Company Outstanding Shares” means the total number of shares of Company Common Stock and Company Preferred Stock (determined on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis) outstanding immediately prior to the First Effective Time (after giving effect to the Concurrent Investment and the UK Exchange), assuming the exercise, conversion and exchange of all options, warrants, conversion rights, exchange rights or any other rights to receive shares of Company Capital Stock which are outstanding immediately prior to the First Effective Time, including for the avoidance of doubt all outstanding Company Options and Company Warrants.
(B) “Company Valuation” means the sum of (i) $350,000,000 and (ii) the Concurrent Investment Amount; provided, however, that if the Company’s valuation on a pre-money basis implied by the pricing of the Concurrent Investment is other than $350,000,000 as agreed by the investors in the Concurrent Investment, prong (i) of the “Company Valuation” will be adjusted on a dollar-for-dollar basis to match such amount.
(C) “Company Value Per Share” equals the Company Valuation divided by the number of Company Outstanding Shares (rounded to four decimal places).
(D) “Parent Outstanding Shares” means the total number of shares of Parent Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the First Effective Time (after giving effect to the Nasdaq Reverse Stock Split), calculated assuming the exercise, conversion or exchange of all options (other than any Parent OTM Options cancelled pursuant to Section 6.6(a)), warrants, conversion rights, exchange rights or any other rights to receive shares of Parent Common Stock which exist immediately prior to the First Effective Time, including for the avoidance of doubt all outstanding Parent ITM Options.
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(E) “Parent Valuation” means $31,300,000, assuming Net Cash at Closing of $20,300,000 (the “Target Net Cash”) after giving effect to the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend; provided, however, that if Net Cash at Closing after giving effect to the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend is less than the Target Net Cash, the Parent Valuation shall be adjusted down on a dollar-for-dollar basis by the amount of such shortfall below the Target Net Cash. For the avoidance of doubt, in no event shall the Parent Valuation exceed $31,300,000.
(F) “Parent Value Per Share” equals the Parent Valuation divided by the number of Parent Outstanding Shares (rounded to four decimal places).
For the avoidance of doubt and for illustrative purposes only, sample “Exchange Ratio” and “Parent Valuation” calculations are set forth on Schedule 3.1(a)(i).
(ii) At the First Effective Time, each share of Parent Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall remain outstanding.
(iii) Each share of Company Capital Stock held in the treasury of the Company or owned, directly or indirectly, by Parent or Merger Subs immediately prior to the First Effective Time (collectively, “Excluded Shares” shall automatically be cancelled and shall cease to exist, and no consideration shall be delivered in exchange therefor.
(iv) Each share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of First Merger Sub issued and outstanding immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall be converted into and become one validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the First Step Surviving Company.
(b) Immediately prior to the First Effective Time and in connection with an exchange pursuant to that certain Share Exchange Agreement, dated as of February 17, 2026, by and among the Company, Slate Medicines UK Limited (“Slate UK”) and certain stockholders of the Company (collectively, the “Specified Holders”) holding B ordinary shares of Slate UK (“B Ordinary Shares”), (i) each outstanding B Ordinary Share held by the Specified Holders shall be exchanged with the Company for one share of Company Series A-1 Preferred Stock, and (ii) each outstanding share of Company Series A-2 Preferred Stock shall be automatically transferred to the Company for no consideration and retired in accordance with, and pursuant to the terms and conditions of, the Company Charter (collectively, the “UK Exchange”).
Section 3.2 Treatment of Company Options. Each Company Option outstanding immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall automatically without any further action on the part of Parent, Merger Subs, Company or any holder of a Company Option, be converted, at the First Effective Time, into an option (an “Assumed Option”) to acquire, on the same terms and conditions (including the same vesting and exercisability terms and conditions) as were applicable under the Company Equity Plan and option agreement applicable to such Company Option immediately prior to the First Effective Time, the number of shares of Parent Common Stock determined by multiplying the number of shares of Company Common Stock subject to such Company Option immediately prior to the First Effective Time by the Exchange Ratio, rounding down to the nearest whole number of shares, at a per share exercise price determined by dividing the per share exercise price of such Company Option immediately prior to the First Effective Time by the Exchange Ratio, rounding up to the nearest whole cent; provided, that the conversion of the Company Options will be made in a manner consistent with Treasury Regulations Section 1.424-
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1, such that the conversion will not constitute a “modification” of such Company Options for purposes of Section 409A or Section 424 of the Code. As of the First Effective Time, Parent will assume the Company Equity Plan, with the number of shares available for issuance thereunder being determined by multiplying the number of shares of Company Common Stock available for issuance thereunder prior to the First Effective Time by the Exchange Ratio. For the avoidance of doubt, stockholders and equityholders of the Company, in their capacities as such, shall not receive any Pre-Closing Cash Dividend pursuant to Section 7.14.
Section 3.3 Treatment of Company Warrants. Each Company Warrant outstanding immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall automatically, without any further action on the part of Parent, Merger Subs, the Company or any holder of a Company Warrant, be assumed and converted, at the First Effective Time, into a warrant (an “Assumed Warrant”) to acquire, on the same terms and conditions (including the same expiration date and other terms) as were applicable under the applicable warrant agreement or instrument governing such Company Warrant immediately prior to the First Effective Time, the number of shares of Parent Common Stock determined by multiplying the number of shares of Company Common Stock subject to such Company Warrant immediately prior to the First Effective Time by the Exchange Ratio, rounding down to the nearest whole number of shares, at a per share exercise price determined by dividing the per share exercise price of such Company Warrant immediately prior to the First Effective Time by the Exchange Ratio, rounding up to the nearest whole cent. As of the First Effective Time, Parent shall assume each Company Warrant and the obligations of the Company thereunder in accordance with its terms, as adjusted pursuant to this Section 3.3. For the avoidance of doubt, holders of Company Warrants, in their capacities as such, shall not receive any Pre-Closing Cash Dividend pursuant to Section 7.14.
Section 3.4 Exchange and Payment.
(a) Parent shall issue and deposit (or cause to be deposited) with a bank or trust company designated by Parent (the “Exchange Agent”), in trust for the benefit of holders of shares of Company Capital Stock immediately prior to the First Effective Time (other than holders to the extent they hold Excluded Shares or Dissenting Shares), book-entry shares (or certificates if requested) representing the shares of Parent Common Stock issuable pursuant to Section 3.1(a)(i). In addition, Parent shall make available by depositing with the Exchange Agent, as necessary from time to time after the Effective Time any dividends or other distributions payable pursuant to Section 3.4(e) (which for clarity shall not include the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend). All certificates representing shares of Parent Common Stock, and any dividends, distributions and cash deposited with the Exchange Agent are hereinafter referred to as the “Exchange Fund.”
(b) As soon as reasonably practicable after the First Effective Time and in any event not later than the tenth (10th) Business Day prior to the anticipated Closing Date, the parties shall cause the Exchange Agent to mail to each holder of record of a certificate that immediately prior to the First Effective Time represented outstanding shares of Company Common Stock (collectively, the “Certificates”) and to each holder of record of uncertificated shares of Company Common Stock represented by book entry (“Book-Entry Shares”) that were converted into the right to receive the Merger Consideration (together with any dividends or other distributions payable pursuant to Section 3.4(e), but not the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend), (i) a form of letter of transmittal (which shall specify that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to any
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Certificates held by such Person shall pass, only upon proper delivery of such Certificates, if any, and identification of the Book-Entry Shares, if any, to the Exchange Agent, and which letter shall be in customary form and contain such other provisions as Parent or the Exchange Agent may reasonably specify) and (ii) instructions for use in effecting the surrender of any such Certificates and identifying such Book-Entry Shares in exchange for the Merger Consideration (together with any dividends or other distributions payable pursuant to Section 3.4(e), but not the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend). Upon surrender of a Certificate and identification of the Book-Entry Shares, as applicable, to the Exchange Agent, together with such letter of transmittal, duly completed and validly executed in accordance with the instructions thereto, and such other documents as the Exchange Agent may reasonably require, the holder of such Certificate or Book-Entry Share shall be entitled to receive in exchange for the shares of Company Common Stock formerly represented by such Certificate or Book-Entry Share (other than Excluded Shares or Dissenting Shares) (A) that number of whole shares of Parent Common Stock (after taking into account all shares of Company Common Stock then held by such holder under all Certificates so surrendered and Book-Entry Shares so identified) to which such holder of Company Common Stock shall have become entitled pursuant to Section 3.1(a)(i) (which shall be in uncertificated book-entry form unless a physical certificate is requested), and (B) any dividends or other distributions payable pursuant to Section 3.4(e) (but not the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend), and any Certificate so surrendered, together with any Book-Entry Shares, shall forthwith be cancelled. No interest will be paid or accrued on any unpaid dividends and distributions, if any, payable to holders of Certificates or Book-Entry Shares. Until surrendered as contemplated by this Section 3.4, each Certificate or Book-Entry Share shall be deemed after the First Effective Time to represent only the right to receive the Merger Consideration payable in respect thereof (together with any dividends or other distributions payable pursuant to Section 3.4(e), but not the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend).
(c) If payment of the Merger Consideration is to be made to a Person other than the Person in whose name the surrendered Certificate or Book-Entry Share is registered, it shall be a condition of payment that such Certificate so surrendered shall be properly endorsed or shall be otherwise in proper form for transfer or such Book-Entry Share shall be properly transferred and that the Person requesting such payment shall have paid any transfer and other Taxes required by reason of the payment of the Merger Consideration to a Person other than the registered holder of such Certificate or Book-Entry Share or shall have established to the satisfaction of Parent that such Tax is not applicable.
(d) Holders of Company Capital Stock, in their capacities as such, shall not be entitled to any portion of the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend, and the Certificates and Book-Entry Shares shall not represent any right to any portion of the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend.
(e) (i) No dividends or other distributions with respect to Parent Common Stock with a record date after the First Effective Time shall be paid to the holder of any unsurrendered Certificate with respect to the shares of Parent Common Stock that the holder thereof has the right to receive upon the surrender thereof until the holder thereof shall surrender such Certificate in accordance with this Article III. Following the surrender of a Certificate in accordance with this Article III, there shall be paid to the record holder thereof, without interest, (A) promptly after such surrender, the amount of any dividends or other distributions with a record date after the First Effective Time theretofore paid with respect to such whole shares of Parent Common Stock, and (B) at the appropriate payment date, the amount of dividends or other distributions with a record date after the First Effective Time but prior to such surrender and a payment date subsequent to such surrender payable with respect to such whole shares of Parent Common Stock.
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(ii) Holders of Book-Entry Shares who are entitled to receive shares of Parent Common Stock under this Article III shall be paid (A) at the time of payment of such Parent Common Stock by the Exchange Agent under Section 3.4(b), the amount of dividends or other distributions (other than the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend) with a record date after the Effective Time theretofore paid with respect to such whole shares of Parent Common Stock, and (B) First at the appropriate payment date, the amount of dividends or other distributions with a record date after the Effective Time but prior to the time of such payment by the Exchange Agent under Section 3.4(b) and a payment date subsequent to the time of such payment by the Exchange Agent under Section 3.4(b) payable with respect to such whole shares of Parent Common Stock.
(f) The Merger Consideration (together with any dividends or other distributions payable pursuant to Section 3.3(e), but not the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend) shall be deemed to have been issued and paid in full satisfaction of all rights pertaining to the shares of Company Common Stock formerly represented by such Certificates or Book-Entry Shares. At the Effective Time, the stock transfer books of the Company shall be closed and there shall be no further registration of transfers of the shares of Company Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. If, after the Effective Time, Certificates are presented to the Surviving Company or the Exchange Agent for transfer or transfer is sought for Book-Entry Shares, such Certificates or Book-Entry Shares shall be cancelled and exchanged as provided in this Article III.
(g) No fractional shares of Parent Common Stock shall be issued in connection with the Merger, and no certificates or scrip for any such fractional shares shall be issued. All fractional shares of Parent Common Stock that a holder of shares of Company Capital Stock would otherwise be entitled to receive as a result of the Merger shall be aggregated, and each such holder shall receive a number of whole shares of Parent Common Stock resulting from such aggregation rounded up to the nearest whole share, with no cash being paid for any fractional share eliminated by such rounding.
(h) Any portion of the Exchange Fund that remains undistributed to the holders of Certificates or Book-Entry Shares six months after the First Effective Time shall be delivered to the Surviving Entity, upon demand, and any remaining holders of Certificates or Book-Entry Shares (except to the extent representing Excluded Shares or Dissenting Shares) shall thereafter look only to the Surviving Entity, as general creditors thereof, for payment of the Merger Consideration (together with any dividends or other distributions payable pursuant to Section 3.4(e) but not the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend) (subject to abandoned property, escheat or other similar laws), without interest.
(i) None of Parent, the Surviving Entity, the Exchange Agent or any other Person shall be liable to any Person in respect of shares of Parent Common Stock, dividends or other distributions with respect thereto properly delivered to a public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar Law. If any Certificates or Book-Entry Shares shall not have been exchanged prior to two years after the First Effective Time (or immediately
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prior to such earlier date on which the related Merger Consideration (and all dividends or other distributions with respect to shares of Parent Common Stock) would otherwise escheat to or become the property of any Governmental Entity), any such Merger Consideration (and such dividends, distributions and cash) in respect thereof shall, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, become the property of the Surviving Entity, free and clear of all claims or interest of any Person previously entitled thereto.
(j) If any Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Parent, of that fact by the Person claiming such Certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed and, if required by Parent or the Exchange Agent, the posting by such Person of a bond in such amount as Parent or the Exchange Agent may determine is reasonably necessary as indemnity against any claim that may be made against it or the Surviving Entity with respect to such Certificate, then the Exchange Agent will deliver in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate the Merger Consideration payable in respect thereof (together with any dividends or other distributions payable pursuant to Section 3.4(e) but not the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend).
Section 3.5 Withholding Rights. Parent, the Surviving Entity and the Exchange Agent (each, a “Withholding Agent”) shall each be entitled to deduct and withhold, or cause to be deducted and withheld, from the consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement such amounts as any Withholding Agent is required to deduct and withhold under applicable Law. To the extent that amounts are so deducted and withheld by a Withholding Agent and remitted to the appropriate Governmental Entity, such amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the Person in respect of whom such deduction and withholding was made. Except in connection with payments under this Agreement in respect of shares of Company Capital Stock that were issued in connection with the performance of services, that remain subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture within the meaning of Section 83 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder as of the First Effective Time, and for which an election under Section 83(b) of the Code has not been filed, the Withholding Agent shall use commercially reasonable efforts to (i) notify each holder of Company Capital Stock at least five (5) Business Days prior to deducting or withholding any amounts of its intent to deduct and withhold and (ii) cooperate with such holder to minimize any such deductions and withholding.
Section 3.6 Dissenters Rights. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, each share of the Company Common Stock (other than Excluded Shares) outstanding immediately prior to the First Effective Time and held by a holder who is entitled to demand and has properly demanded appraisal for such shares of the Company Common Stock in accordance with Section 262 of the DGCL and, as of the First Effective Time, have neither effectively withdrawn nor lost their rights to such appraisal and payment under the DGCL (“Dissenting Shares”), shall not be converted into or be exchangeable for the right to receive a portion of the Merger Consideration but shall be entitled only to such rights as are granted by Section 262 of the DGCL, unless and until such holder fails to perfect or withdraws or otherwise loses such holder’s right to appraisal and payment under the DGCL. If, after the First Effective Time, any such holder fails to perfect or withdraws or loses such holder’s right to appraisal, such Dissenting Shares shall thereupon be treated as if they had been converted as of the First Effective Time into the right to receive the portion of the Merger Consideration, if any, to which such holder is entitled pursuant to Section 3.1(a)(i), without interest. The Company shall give Parent (a) prompt notice of any
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demands received by the Company for appraisal of any shares of the Company Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the First Effective Time, attempted written withdrawals of such demands, and any other instruments served pursuant to the DGCL and received by the Company relating to stockholders’ rights to appraisal with respect to the Merger and (b) the opportunity to participate in all negotiations and proceedings with respect to any exercise of such appraisal rights under the DGCL. The Company shall not, except with the prior written consent of Parent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, voluntarily make any payment with respect to any demands for payment of fair value for capital stock of the Company, offer to settle or settle any such demands or approve any withdrawal of any such demands.
Section 3.7 Calculation of Net Cash.
(a) Not less than ten (10) Business Days prior to the anticipated date for the Parent Stockholder Meeting as mutually agreed in good faith by Parent and the Company (the “Anticipated Meeting Date”), Parent will deliver to the Company a certificate signed by an officer of Parent in the form reasonably acceptable to the Company setting forth a schedule (the “Parent Net Cash Schedule”, and the date of delivery of the Parent Net Cash Schedule, the “Delivery Date”) setting forth, in reasonable detail, Parent’s good faith, estimated calculation of Net Cash (the “Parent Net Cash Calculation”) as of the close of business on the Closing Date (the “Cash Determination Time”) prepared and certified by Parent’s chief financial officer (or if there is no chief financial officer at such time, the principal financial and accounting officer for Parent). Parent shall make available (electronically and concurrently with the Parent Net Cash Schedule) to the Company the work papers and back-up materials (including all relevant invoices and similar evidence of outstanding obligations), in each case, to the extent not previously provided, used or useful in preparing the Parent Net Cash Schedule and shall make available, if reasonably requested by the Company, Parent’s finance personnel, accountants and counsel at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice.
(b) Within two (2) Business Days after the Delivery Date (the last day of such period, the “Response Date”), the Company shall have the right to dispute any part of the Parent Net Cash Calculation by delivering a written notice to that effect to Parent (a “Dispute Notice”). Any Dispute Notice shall identify in reasonable detail and, to the extent known, the nature and amounts of any proposed revisions to the Parent Net Cash Calculation.
(c) If, on or prior to the Response Date, the Company notifies Parent in writing that it has no objections to the Parent Net Cash Calculation or, if prior to 11:59 p.m. (New York City time) on the Response Date, the Company has failed to deliver a Dispute Notice as provided in Section 3.7(b), then the Parent Net Cash Calculation as set forth in the Parent Net Cash Schedule shall be deemed to have been finally determined for purposes of this Agreement and to represent the Parent Net Cash at the Cash Determination Time (the “Final Parent Net Cash”) for purposes of this Agreement.
(d) If the Company delivers a Dispute Notice on or prior to 11:59 p.m. (New York City time) on the Response Date, then Representatives of Parent and the Company shall promptly, and in no event later than one calendar day after the Response Date, communicate and attempt in good faith to resolve the disputed item(s) and negotiate an agreed-upon determination of Net Cash, which agreed upon Net Cash amount (if so resolved) shall be deemed to have been finally determined for purposes of this Agreement and to represent the Final Parent Net Cash for purposes of this Agreement.
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(e) If Representatives of Parent and the Company are unable to resolve the disputed items pursuant to Section 3.7(d) within three calendar days after delivery of the Dispute Notice (or such other period as Parent and the Company may mutually agree upon), then any remaining disagreements as to the calculation of Net Cash shall be referred to an independent auditor of recognized national standing jointly selected by Parent and the Company or another independent auditor of recognized national standing mutually agreed upon by Parent and the Company (the “Accounting Firm”). Parent shall promptly deliver to the Accounting Firm all work papers and back-up materials used in preparing the Parent Net Cash Schedule, and Parent and the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Accounting Firm to make its determination within five calendar days of accepting its selection. Parent and the Company shall be afforded the opportunity to present to the Accounting Firm any material related to the unresolved disputes and to discuss the issues with the Accounting Firm; provided, however, that no such presentation or discussion shall occur without the presence of a Representative of each of Parent and the Company. The determination of the Accounting Firm shall be limited to the disagreements submitted to the Accounting Firm. The determination of the amount of Net Cash made by the Accounting Firm shall be made in writing delivered to each of Parent and the Company, shall be final and binding on Parent and the Company and shall be deemed to have been finally determined for purposes of this Agreement and to represent the Final Parent Net Cash for purposes of this Agreement. The parties shall delay the Closing until the resolution of the matters described in this Section 3.7(e). The fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be allocated between Parent and the Company in the same proportion that the disputed amount of the Net Cash that was unsuccessfully disputed amount by such party (as finally determined by the Accounting Firm) bears to the total disputed amount of the Net Cash amount and such portion of the costs and expenses of the Accounting Firm borne by the Company and any other fees, costs or expenses incurred by the Company following the Anticipated Meeting Date in connection with the procedures set forth in this Section 3.7(e) shall be deducted from the final determination of the amount of Net Cash, to the extent of available amounts. If this Section 3.7(e) applies as to the determination of the Final Parent Net Cash described in Section 3.7(a), upon resolution of the matter in accordance with this Section 3.7(e), the parties shall not be required to determine the Net Cash again even though the Closing Date may occur later than the Anticipated Meeting Date, except that either Parent and the Company may require a redetermination of the Final Parent Net Cash if the Closing Date is more than ten calendar days after the Anticipated Meeting Date.
ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
Except as set forth in the corresponding section or subsection of the disclosure letter delivered by the Company to Parent (the “Company Disclosure Letter”) (it being agreed that the disclosure of any information in a particular section or subsection of the Company Disclosure Letter shall be deemed disclosure of such information with respect to any other section or subsection of this Agreement to which the relevance of such information is readily apparent on its face), the Company represents and warrants to Parent and Merger Subs as follows:
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Section 4.1 Organization, Standing and Power.
(a) The Company (i) is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, (ii) has all requisite corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted and (iii) is duly qualified or licensed to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the ownership, leasing or operation of its properties makes such qualification or licensing necessary, except in the case of clause (iii), where the failure to be so qualified or licensed or in good standing, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of this Agreement, “Material Adverse Effect” means any event, change, circumstance, occurrence, effect or state of facts that (A) is or would reasonably be expected to be materially adverse to the business, assets, liabilities, financial condition, or results of operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (B) materially impairs the ability of the Company to consummate the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement; provided, however, that in the case of clause (A) only, Material Adverse Effect shall not include any event, change, circumstance, occurrence, effect or state of facts to the extent resulting from (1) changes or conditions generally affecting the industries in which the Company and its Subsidiaries operate, or the economy or the financial, debt, banking, capital, credit or securities markets, in the United States, including effects on such industries, economy or markets resulting from any regulatory and political conditions or developments in general, (2) the outbreak or escalation of war or acts of terrorism or any natural disasters, acts of God or comparable events, epidemic, pandemic or disease outbreak (including the COVID-19 virus) or any worsening of the foregoing, or any declaration of martial law, quarantine or similar directive, policy or guidance or Law or other action by any Governmental Entity in response thereto, (3) changes in Law or GAAP, or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, (4) the public announcement or pendency of this Agreement, or (5) any specific action taken (or omitted to be taken) by the Company at or with the express written consent of Parent; provided, that, with respect to clauses (1), (2) and (3), the impact of such event, change, circumstance, occurrence, effect or state of facts is not disproportionately adverse to the Company and its Subsidiaries as compared to other participants in the industries in which the Company and its Subsidiaries operate.
(b) The Company has previously made available to Parent true and complete copies of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation (the “Company Charter”) and bylaws (the “Company Bylaws”) and the Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws of each other Subsidiary of the Company, in each case as amended to the date of this Agreement, and each as so delivered is in full force and effect. None of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any provision of its Certificate of Incorporation or bylaws.
Section 4.2 Capital Stock.
(a) The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 40,000,000 shares of Company Common Stock and 32,378,552 shares of Company Preferred Stock, of which 3,000,000 shares are designated Company Series Seed Preferred Stock, 29,378,526 shares are designated Company Series A-1 Preferred Stock and 26 shares are designated Company Series A-2 Preferred Stock. As of the date hereof, (i) 385,592 shares of Company Common Stock (excluding treasury shares) were issued and outstanding, (ii) 3,000,000 shares of Company Series Seed
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Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, (iii) 21,468,922 shares of Company Series A-1 Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, (iv) 26 shares of Company Series A-2 Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, and (v) no shares of Company Common Stock were held by the Company in its treasury. All outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not subject to any preemptive rights. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any outstanding bonds, debentures, notes or other obligations having the right to vote (or convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, securities having the right to vote) with the stockholders of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries on any matter. Except as set forth above in this Section 4.2(a), neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any outstanding (A) shares of capital stock or other voting securities or equity interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (B) securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other voting securities or equity interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (C) stock appreciation rights, “phantom” stock rights, performance units, interests in or rights to the ownership or earnings of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other equity equivalent or equity-based awards or rights, (D) subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, commitments, Contracts or other rights to acquire from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or obligations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to issue, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, voting securities, equity interests or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for capital stock or other voting securities or equity interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or rights or interests described in the preceding clause (C), or (E) obligations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any such securities or to issue, grant, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, granted, delivered or sold, any such securities. There are no stockholder agreements, voting trusts or other agreements or understandings to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or of which the Company has knowledge with respect to the holding, voting, registration, redemption, repurchase or disposition of, or that restricts the transfer of, any capital stock or other voting securities or equity interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
(b) Section 4.2(b) of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth a true and complete list of all holders, as of the date hereof, of rights to purchase or receive shares of Company Common Stock or similar rights granted under the Company Stock Plan or otherwise (collectively, “Company Stock Awards”), indicating as applicable, with respect to each Company Stock Award then outstanding, the type of award granted, the number of shares of Company Common Stock subject to such Company Stock Award, the name of the agreement under which such Company Stock Award was granted, the date of grant, exercise or purchase price, vesting schedule, payment schedule (if different from the vesting schedule) and expiration thereof, whether the Company Stock Award is a non-statutory stock option or qualifies as an “incentive stock option” as defined in Section 422 of the Code and whether (and to what extent) the vesting of such Company Stock Award will be accelerated or otherwise adjusted in any way or any other terms will be triggered or otherwise adjusted in a way by the consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement or by the termination of employment or engagement or change in position of any holder thereof following or in connection with the Merger. The Company has made available to Parent true and complete copies of all forms of award agreements evidencing outstanding Company Stock Awards. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is under any obligation to issue shares of Company Common Stock or any capital stock of any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to any employee or director stock option, stock purchase or equity compensation plan or arrangement other than the ones issued under the Company Stock Plan.
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Section 4.3 Subsidiaries. Section 4.3 of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth a true and complete list of each Subsidiary of the Company, including is jurisdiction of incorporation or formation. Each of the Company’s Subsidiaries (i) is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, (ii) has all requisite corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted and (iii) is duly qualified or licensed to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the ownership, leasing or operations of its properties makes such qualification or licensing necessary, except in the case of clause (iii), where the failure to be so qualified or licensed or in good standing, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth in Section 4.3 of the Company Disclosure Letter, all outstanding shares of capital stock and other voting securities or equity interests of each such Subsidiary are owned directly by the Company, free and clear of all Liens. Except for the capital stock of, or other equity or voting interests in, its Subsidiaries, the Company does not own, directly or indirectly, any equity, membership interest, partnership interest, joint venture interest, or other equity or voting interest in, or any interest convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, nor is it under any current or prospective obligation to form or participate in, provide funds to, make any loan, capital contribution, guarantee, credit enhancement or other investment in, or assume any liability or obligation of, any Person.
Section 4.4 Authority.
(a) The Company has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and no other corporate proceedings on the part of the Company are necessary to approve this Agreement or to consummate the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby, subject, in the case of the consummation of the Merger, to receipt of the Company Stockholder Approval. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by Parent and Merger Subs, constitutes a valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms (except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization or similar Laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally or by general principles of equity).
(b) The Company Board, at a meeting duly called and held at which all directors of the Company were present, duly and unanimously adopted resolutions (i) determining that the terms of this Agreement, the Company Support Agreements, the Merger, the Concurrent Investment and the other transactions contemplated hereby are fair to, advisable and in the best interests of the Company’s stockholders, (ii) approving and declaring advisable this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, (iii) directing that this Agreement be submitted to the stockholders of the Company for adoption, and (iv) resolving to recommend that the Company’s stockholders vote in favor of the adoption of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, which resolutions have not been subsequently rescinded, modified or withdrawn in any way.
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(c) The Company Stockholder Approval is the only vote of the holders of any class or series of the Company Capital Stock or other securities required in connection with the consummation of the Merger. Other than the Company Stockholder Approval (and except with respect to the Concurrent Investment), no vote of the holders of any class or series of the Company’s capital stock or other securities is required in connection with the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated hereby to be consummated by the Company.
Section 4.5 No Conflict; Consents and Approvals.
(a) Except as set forth in Section 4.5(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter, the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company does not, and the consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and compliance by the Company with the provisions hereof will not, conflict with, or result in any violation or breach of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) under, or give rise to a right of, or result in, termination, cancellation, modification or acceleration of any obligation or to the loss of a benefit under, or result in the creation of any pledge, claim, lien, charge, option, right of first refusal, encumbrance or security interest of any kind or nature whatsoever (including any limitation on voting, sale, transfer or other disposition or exercise of any other attribute of ownership) (collectively, “Liens”) in or upon any of the properties, assets or rights of the Company under, or give rise to any increased, additional, accelerated or guaranteed rights or entitlements under, or require any consent, waiver or approval of any Person pursuant to, any provision of (i) the Company Charter or Company Bylaws, (ii) any material bond, debenture, note, mortgage, indenture, guarantee, license, lease, purchase or sale order or other contract, commitment, agreement, instrument, obligation, arrangement, understanding, undertaking, permit, concession or franchise, whether oral or written (each, including all amendments thereto, a “Contract”) to which the Company is a party or by which the Company or any of its properties or assets may be bound or (iii) subject to the governmental filings and other matters referred to in Section 4.5(b), any federal, state, local or foreign law (including common law), statute, ordinance, rule, code, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other legally enforceable requirement (“Law”) applicable to the Company or by which the Company or any of its properties or assets may be bound, except as, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), as individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(b) No consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration, filing with or notice to, any federal, state, or local government or subdivision thereof or any other governmental, administrative, judicial, arbitral, legislative, executive, regulatory or self-regulatory authority, instrumentality, agency, commission or body (each, a “Governmental Entity”) is required by or with respect to the Company in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company or the consummation by the Company of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby or compliance with the provisions hereof, except for (i) the filing of the pre-merger notification report under the HSR Act, (ii) the filing with the SEC of such reports under Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as may be required in connection with this Agreement and the
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transactions contemplated hereby, (iii) such other filings and reports as may be required pursuant to the applicable requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Exchange Act and any other applicable state or federal securities, takeover and “blue sky” laws, (iv) the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Delaware Secretary of State as required by the DGCL, and (v) such other consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations, filings or notices the failure of which to be obtained or made, individually or in the aggregate, have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.6 Financial Statements.
(a) True and complete copies of the audited balance sheet of the Company as at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and the related audited statements of operations and comprehensive loss, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit and cash flows, together with all related notes and schedules thereto (collectively referred to as the “Company Financial Statements”) and the unaudited balance sheet of the Company as at June 30, 2026 (the “Company Balance Sheet”), and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2026, together with all related notes and schedules thereto (collectively referred to as the “Company Interim Financial Statements”), are attached hereto as Section 4.6(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter. Each of the Company Financial Statements and the Company Interim Financial Statements (i) are correct and complete in all material respects and have been prepared in accordance with the books and records of the Company; (ii) have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods indicated (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto); and (iii) fairly present, in all material respects, the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as at the respective dates thereof and for the respective periods indicated therein, except as otherwise noted therein and subject, in the case of the Company Interim Financial Statements, to normal and recurring year-end adjustments that will not, individually or in the aggregate, be material.
(b) Except as and to the extent adequately accrued or reserved against in the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Company as at December 31, 2025 (such balance sheet, together with all related notes and schedules thereto, the “Company Balance Sheet”), the Company does not have any liability or obligation of any nature, whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise, whether known or unknown and whether or not required by GAAP to be reflected in a balance sheet of the Company or disclosed in the notes thereto, except for liabilities and obligations, incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice since the date of the Company Balance Sheet, that are not, individually or in the aggregate, material to the Company.
(c) The books of account and financial records of the Company and its Subsidiaries are true and correct and have been prepared and are maintained in accordance with sound accounting practice.
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(d) The Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the financial statements of the Company in conformity with GAAP and to maintain accountability of the Company’s assets, (iii) access to the Company’s assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for the Company’s assets is compared with the existing assets at regular intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company maintains internal control over financial reporting that provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.
(e) Since January 1, 2025, neither the Company nor its independent auditors have identified (i) any significant deficiency or material weakness in the design or operation of the system of internal accounting controls utilized by the Company, (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves the Company, the Company’s management or other employees who have a role in the preparation of financial statements or the internal accounting controls utilized by the Company or (iii) any claim or allegation regarding any of the foregoing.
Section 4.7 No Undisclosed Liabilities. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liabilities or obligations of any nature, whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise, known or unknown, whether due or to become due and whether or not required to be recorded or reflected on a balance sheet under GAAP, except (a) to the extent specifically and adequately accrued or reserved against in the Company Balance Sheet and (b) for liabilities and obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice (none of which is a liability for a breach or default under any contract, breach of warranty, tort, infringement, misappropriation or violation of law) since the date of the Company Balance Sheet that are not individually or in the aggregate material to the Company.
Section 4.8 Absence of Certain Changes or Events. Except as set forth in Section 4.8 of the Company Disclosure Letter, since the date of the Company Balance Sheet: (i) except in connection with the execution of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, the Company and its Subsidiaries have conducted their business only in the ordinary course consistent with past practice; (ii) there has not been any change, event or development or prospective change, event or development that, individually or in the aggregate, has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has:
(a) (i) declared, set aside or paid any dividends on, or made any other distributions (whether in cash, stock or property) in respect of, any of its capital stock or other equity interests, (ii) purchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired shares of capital stock or other equity interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any options, warrants, or rights to acquire any such shares or other equity interests, or (iii) split, combined, reclassified or otherwise amended the terms of any of its capital stock or other equity interests or issued or authorized the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for shares of its capital stock or other equity interests;
(b) amended or otherwise changed, or authorized or proposed to amend or otherwise change, its certificate of incorporation or by-laws (or similar organizational documents);
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(c) adopted or entered into a plan of complete or partial liquidation, dissolution, restructuring, recapitalization or reorganization; or
(d) changed its financial or Tax accounting methods, principles or practices, except insofar as may have been required by a change in GAAP or applicable Law, or revalued any of its material assets.
Section 4.9 Litigation. There is no action, suit, claim, arbitration, investigation, inquiry, grievance or other proceeding (each, an “Action”) (or basis therefor) pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, its properties or assets, or any present or former officer, director or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in such individual’s capacity as such, other than any Action that (a) does not involve an amount in controversy in excess of $100,000 and (b) does not seek injunctive or other non-monetary relief. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective properties or assets is subject to any outstanding judgment, order, injunction, rule or decree of any Governmental Entity. There is no Action pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened seeking to prevent, hinder, modify, delay or challenge the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
Section 4.10 Compliance with Laws. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are and have been in compliance in all material respects with all Laws applicable to their businesses, operations, properties or assets. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received, since January 1, 2023, a notice or other written communication alleging or relating to a possible material violation of any Law applicable to their businesses, operations, properties, assets or Company Products (as defined below). The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have in effect all material permits, licenses, variances, exemptions, applications, approvals, clearances, authorizations, registrations, formulary listings, consents, operating certificates, franchises, orders and approvals (collectively, “Permits”) of all Governmental Entities necessary or advisable for them to own, lease or operate its properties and assets and to carry on its businesses and operations as now conducted, and there has occurred no violation of, default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) under or event giving to others any right of revocation, non-renewal, adverse modification or cancellation of, with or without notice or lapse of time or both, any such Permit, nor would any such revocation, non-renewal, adverse modification or cancellation result from the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 4.11 Health Care Regulatory Matters. Except as set forth in Section 4.11 of the Company Disclosure Letter:
(a) The Company, and to the knowledge of the Company, each of its directors, officers, management employees, and agents (while acting in such capacity) is, and since January 1, 2023, has been, in material compliance with all Health Care Laws to the extent applicable to the Company or any of its products or activities. For purposes of this Agreement, “Health Care Laws” means all applicable federal, state, and local laws, statutes, rules, regulations, guidance documents, and requirements of any Governmental Entity relating to the research, nonclinical or clinical development, testing, manufacturing, processing, labeling, or investigational use of pharmaceutical, biological, or medical device products, and to the human subjects protection, quality, safety, privacy, or security obligations arising in connection with any
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of the foregoing, including but not limited to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; the Public Health Service Act; the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (the Common Rule); the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act; the federal Anti-Kickback Statute; the civil monetary penalties law; the civil False Claims Act; the administrative False Claims Law; the Criminal Health Care Fraud Statute; the Medicare statute (Title XVIII of the Social Security Act); and the Medicaid statute (Title XIX of the Social Security Act), in each case as amended and including any successor statutes and implementing regulations, in each case to the extent applicable to the business of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries as currently conducted, including with respect to any Company Product. To the knowledge of the Company, there are no facts or circumstances that reasonably would be expected to give rise to any material liability under any Health Care Laws.
(b) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any material corporate integrity agreements, monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, or similar agreements with or imposed by any Governmental Entity.
(c) All applications, notifications, submissions, information, claims, reports and statistical analyses, and other data and conclusions derived therefrom, utilized as the basis for or submitted in connection with any and all requests for a Permit from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other Governmental Entity relating to products that are regulated as drugs, medical devices, or other healthcare products under Health Care Laws, including drugs or medical devices, compounds or products being researched, tested, stored, developed, labeled, manufactured, packed, imported, exported and/or distributed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (“Company Products”), including, without limitation, investigational new drug applications and investigational device exemptions, when submitted to the FDA or other Governmental Entity were true, complete and correct in all material respects as of the date of submission and any necessary or required updates, changes, corrections or modification to such applications, submissions, information and data have been submitted to the FDA or other Governmental Entity. The Company does not have knowledge of any facts or circumstances that would be reasonably likely to lead to the revocation, suspension, limitation, or cancellation of a Permit required under Health Care Laws or of any application for marketing approval currently pending before the FDA or other Governmental Entity.
(d) All preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted by or, to the knowledge of the Company, on behalf of the Company have been, and if still pending are being, conducted in compliance in all material respects with research protocols and all applicable Health Care Laws, including, but not limited to, the FDCA and its applicable implementing regulations at 21 C.F.R. Parts 50, 54, 56, 58, 312, 314, 320 and 812. No clinical trial conducted by or on behalf of the Company has been conducted using any clinical investigators who have been disqualified. No clinical trial conducted by or on behalf of the Company has been terminated or suspended prior to completion, and no Governmental Entity, clinical investigator that has participated or is participating in, or institutional review board that has or has had jurisdiction over, a clinical trial conducted by or on behalf of the Company has placed a clinical hold order on, or otherwise terminated, delayed or suspended, such a Company clinical trial at a clinical research site based on an actual or alleged lack of safety or efficacy of any Company Product or a failure to conduct such clinical trial in compliance with applicable Health Care Laws.
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(e) All manufacturing operations conducted by or, to the knowledge of the Company, for the benefit of the Company have been and are being conducted in material compliance with all Permits under applicable Health Care Laws, all applicable provisions of the FDA’s current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) regulations for drug products at 21 C.F.R. Parts 210 and 211, the Quality Management System (QMS) regulations at 21 C.F.R. Part 820 and all comparable regulatory requirements of any applicable foreign Governmental Entity.
(f) The Company has not received any written communication that relates to an alleged violation or non-compliance with any Health Care Laws, including any notification of any pending or threatened claim, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration, import detention or refusal, FDA Warning Letter or Untitled Letter, or any action by a Governmental Entity relating to any Health Care Laws. All Warning Letters, Form-483 observations, or comparable findings from the FDA or other Governmental Entities listed in Section 4.11(f) of the Company Disclosure Letter have been resolved to the satisfaction of the applicable Governmental Entity or if not resolved, the current status of such proceeding(s) is described in Section 4.11(f) of the Company Disclosure Letter.
(g) There have been no seizures, withdrawals, recalls, detentions, or suspensions of manufacturing, testing, or distribution relating to the Company Products required or requested by a Governmental Entity, or other notice of action relating to an alleged lack of safety, efficacy, or regulatory compliance of the Company Products, or any adverse experiences relating to the Company Products that have been reported to FDA or other Governmental Entity (“Safety Notices”). All Safety Notices listed in Section 4.11(g) of the Company Disclosure Letter have been resolved to the satisfaction of the applicable Governmental Entity, or if not resolved, the current status of such Safety Notice(s) is described in Section 4.11(g) of the Company Disclosure Letter.
(h) Except as set forth in Section 4.11(g) of the Company Disclosure Letter, there are no unresolved Safety Notices, and to the knowledge the Company, there are no facts or circumstances that would be reasonably likely to result in a Safety Notice with respect to the Company Products or a termination or suspension of developing and testing of any of the Company Products.
(i) Neither the Company, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any officer, director, employee, or agent of the Company has made an untrue statement of a material fact or fraudulent or misleading statement to a Governmental Entity, failed to disclose a material fact required to be disclosed to a Governmental Entity, or committed an act, made a statement, or failed to make a statement that would reasonably be expected to provide a basis for the FDA to invoke its policy regarding “Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities” Final Policy set forth in 56 Fed. Reg. 46191 (September 10, 1991) and any amendments thereto (the “FDA Ethics Policy”). None of the aforementioned is or has been under investigation resulting from any allegedly untrue, fraudulent, misleading, or false statement or omission, including data fraud, or had any action pending or threatened relating to the FDA Ethics Policy.
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(j) All reports, documents, claims, Permits and notices required to be filed, maintained or furnished to the FDA or any other Governmental Entity by the Company have been so filed, maintained or furnished, except where failure to file, maintain or furnish such reports, documents, claims, Permits or notices have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. All such reports, documents, claims, Permits and notices were true and complete in all material respects on the date filed (or were corrected in or supplemented by a subsequent filing).
(k) Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any officer, director, employee, or agent of the Company has been convicted of any crime or engaged in any conduct that has resulted, or would reasonably be expected to result, in debarment under applicable Law, including, without limitation, 21 U.S.C. § 335a, or exclusion under 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7, or any other statutory provision. Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any officer, director, employee, or agent the Company, has been excluded from participation in any federal health care program or convicted of any crime or engaged in any conduct for which such Person could be excluded from participating in any federal health care program under Section 1128 of the Social Security Act of 1935, as amended, or any similar Health Care Law or program.
Section 4.12 Benefit Plans.
(a) Section 4.12(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter contains a true, correct and complete list of each material Company Plan.
(b) The Company has provided or made available to Parent a current, accurate and complete copy of each material Company Plan, or if such Company Plan is not in written form, a written summary of all of the material terms of such Company Plan. With respect to each Company Plan, the Company has furnished or made available to Parent a current, accurate and complete copy of, to the extent applicable: (i) all documents embodying or governing such Company Plan and any related trust agreement or other funding instrument, (ii) the most recent determination letter of the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), (iii) any summary plan description, summary of material modifications, and other similar material written communications (or a written description of any material oral communications) to the employees of the Company or its Subsidiaries concerning the extent of the benefits provided under a Company Plan, (iv) all non-routine correspondence to and from any governmental agency, and (v) for the three most recent years and as applicable (A) the Form 5500 and attached schedules, (B) audited financial statements, (C) nondiscrimination testing results and (D) actuarial valuation reports.
(c) Neither the Company, its Subsidiaries or any member of their “Controlled Group” (defined as any organization which is, or at any applicable time was, a member of a controlled, affiliated or otherwise related group of entities within the meaning of Sections 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code or Section 4001(b)(1) of ERISA) has ever sponsored, maintained, contributed to or been required to contribute to or incurred any liability (contingent or otherwise) with respect to: (i) a Multiemployer Plan, (ii) an “employee pension benefit plan” (within the meaning of Section 3(2) of ERISA) that is subject to Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, (iii) any “multiple employer plan” as defined in Section 413 of the Code or Section 210 of ERISA, (iv) a “funded welfare benefit plan” within the meaning of Section 419 of the Code or (v) any “multiple employer welfare arrangement” (as such term is defined in Section 3(40) of ERISA), and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or any member of their Controlled Group has ever incurred any liability under Title IV of ERISA that has not been paid in full.
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(d) With respect to the Company Plans:
(i) each Company Plan is and has been established, operated, and administered in all material respects with its terms and materially complies in form and in operation with the applicable provisions of ERISA and the Code and all other applicable legal requirements;
(ii) no Company Plan is, or within the past six years has been, the subject of an application or filing under a government sponsored amnesty, voluntary compliance, or similar program, or been the subject of any self-correction under any such program;
(iii) each Company Plan intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has received a favorable determination, advisory and/or opinion letter, as applicable, from the IRS that it is so qualified and nothing has occurred to the knowledge of the Company since the date of such letter that would reasonably be expected to cause the loss of the sponsor’s ability to rely upon such letter, and nothing has occurred to the knowledge of the Company that would reasonably be expected to result in the loss of the qualified status of such Company Plan;
(iv) there is no material Action (including any investigation, audit or other administrative proceeding) by the Department of Labor, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (the “PBGC”), the IRS or any other Governmental Entity or by any plan participant or beneficiary pending, or to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, relating to the Company Plans, any fiduciaries thereof with respect to their duties to the Company Plans or the assets of any of the trusts under any of the Company Plans (other than routine claims for benefits);
(v) none of the Company Plans currently provides, or reflects or represents any liability to provide post-termination or retiree welfare benefits to any person for any reason, except as may be required by Section 601, et seq. of ERISA and Section 4980B(b) of the Code or other applicable similar law regarding health care coverage continuation (collectively “COBRA”), and none of the Company, its Subsidiaries or any members of their Controlled Group has any liability to provide post-termination or retiree welfare benefits to any person or ever represented, promised or contracted to any employee or former employee of the Company (either individually or to Company employees as a group) or any other person that such employee(s) or other person would be provided with post-termination or retiree welfare benefits, except to the extent required by statute or except with respect to a contractual obligation to reimburse any premiums such person may pay in order to obtain health coverage under COBRA;
(vi) all payments and/or contributions required to have been timely made with respect to all Company Plans either have been made or have been accrued in accordance with the terms of the applicable Company Plan and applicable law;
(vii) each Company Plan is subject exclusively to United States Law;
(viii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company Stockholder Approval, and the consummation of the Merger will not, either alone or in combination with any other event, (A) entitle any current or former employee, officer, director or consultant of the Company or any Subsidiary to severance pay, unemployment compensation or any other similar termination payment, (B) accelerate the time of payment or vesting, or increase the amount of or otherwise enhance any benefit due any such employee, officer, director or consultant, or (C) trigger the forgiveness of any indebtedness of any such employee, officer, director or consultant;
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(e) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any agreement, contract, arrangement or plan (including any Company Plan) that may reasonably be expected to result, separately or in the aggregate, in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (either alone or in combination with any other events), in the payment of any “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code. There is no agreement, plan or other arrangement to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or any Subsidiary is otherwise bound to compensate any person in respect of Taxes or other liabilities incurred with respect to Section 409A or 4999 of the Code.
(f) Each Company Plan that is a “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code (or any comparable or similar provision of state, local, or foreign Law) complies in both form and operation in all material respects with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code (or any comparable or similar provision of state, local, or foreign Law) and all applicable IRS guidance issued with respect thereto (and has so complied for the entire period during which Section 409A of the Code has applied to such Company Plan) so that no amount paid or payable pursuant to any such Company Plan is subject to any additional Tax or interest under Section 409A of the Code (or any comparable or similar provision of state, local, or foreign Law). The per share exercise price of each Company Option is no less than the fair market value of a share of Company Common Stock on the date of grant of such Company Option, determined in a manner consistent with Section 409A of the Code, and no payment to be made under any Company Plan is, or to the knowledge of the Company, will be, subject to the penalties of Section 409A(a)(1) of the Code.
(g) No Company Plan provides major medical health or long-term disability benefits that are not fully insured through an insurance contract.
Section 4.13 Labor and Employment Matters.
(a) The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are and, since January 1, 2023, have been in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Laws relating to labor or employment matters, including those relating to employment practices, terms and conditions of employment, collective bargaining, disability, immigration, health and safety, wages, hours and benefits, non-discrimination in employment, workers’ compensation, the collection and payment of withholding and/or payroll Taxes and similar Taxes, unemployment compensation, equal employment opportunity, discrimination, harassment, employee and contractor classification, restrictive covenants, pay equity, information privacy and security, and continuation coverage with respect to group health plans. Since January 1, 2023, there has not been, and as of the date of this Agreement there is not pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, any labor dispute, work stoppage, labor strike or lockout against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries by employees.
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(b) No employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is, or since January 1, 2023 has been, covered by a collective bargaining agreement or similar labor agreement. To the knowledge of the Company, there has not been any activity on behalf of any labor union, labor organization or similar representative group to organize any employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. There are no, and since January 1, 2023 there has not been any: (i) unfair labor practice charges or complaints against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries pending before the National Labor Relations Board or any other labor relations tribunal or authority and to the knowledge of the Company no such representations, claims or petitions are threatened, (ii) representations, claims, or petitions pending before the National Labor Relations Board or any other labor tribunal or (iii) grievances or pending arbitration proceedings against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that arose out of or under any collective bargaining agreement.
(c) Since January 1, 2025, (i) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has effectuated a “plant closing” (as defined in the Worker Adjustment Retraining and Notification Act of 1988, as amended (the “WARN Act”)) affecting any site of employment or one or more facilities or operating units within any site of employment or facility, (ii) there has not occurred a “mass layoff” (as defined in the WARN Act) in connection with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries affecting any site of employment or one or more facilities or operating units within any site of employment or facility and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in layoffs or employment terminations sufficient in number to trigger application of any similar state, local or foreign law.
(d) Except as set forth on Section 4.13(d) of the Company Disclosure Letter, with respect to any current or former employee, officer, consultant, or other service provider of the Company, there are no Actions against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries pending, or to the Company’s knowledge, threatened to be brought or filed, in connection with the employment or engagement of any current or former employee, officer, consultant, or service provider of the Company, including, without limitation, any claim relating to employment discrimination, harassment, retaliation, equal pay, employment classification, contractor classification, wages, hours, and benefits, or any other employment related matter arising under applicable Laws, except where such action would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in the Company incurring a material liability.
(e) Except as set forth on Section 4.13(e) of the Company Disclosure Letter or with respect to any Company Plan (which subject is addressed in Section 4.12 above), the execution of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions set forth in or contemplated by this Agreement will not result in any breach or violation of, or cause any payment to be made under, any applicable Laws respecting labor and employment or any collective bargaining agreement to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party.
(f) Since January 1, 2023, (i) no allegations of harassment or discrimination (with respect to any category protected by applicable law), retaliation on the basis of protected activity (including as a whistleblower) or protected class status in accordance with applicable law, or other misconduct related to the workplace have been made, filed or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective current directors or officers and (ii) the Company has not entered into any settlement agreement related to allegations of such harassment, discrimination or retaliation by any of their directors, officers or employees described in clause (i) hereof or any independent contractor.
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(g) All employees of the Company are employed “at-will” or require no more than 30 days’ notice to terminate.
Section 4.14 Environmental Matters.
(a) Except as, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) the Company and its Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses in compliance with all, and have not violated any, applicable Environmental Laws; (ii) the Company and its Subsidiaries have obtained all Permits of all Governmental Entities and any other Person that are required under any Environmental Law; (iii) there has been no release of any Hazardous Substance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any other Person in any manner that has given or would reasonably be expected to give rise to any remedial or investigative obligation, corrective action requirement or liability of the Company or any its Subsidiaries under applicable Environmental Laws; (iv) the Company and its Subsidiaries have not received any claims, notices, demand letters or requests for information (except for such claims, notices, demand letters or requests for information the subject matter of which has been resolved prior to the date of this Agreement) from any federal, state, local, foreign or provincial Governmental Entity or any other Person asserting that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of, or liable under, any Environmental Law; (v) no Hazardous Substance has been disposed of, arranged to be disposed of, released or transported in violation of any applicable Environmental Law, or in a manner that has given rise to, or that would reasonably be expected to give rise to, any liability under any Environmental Law, in each case, on, at, under or from any current or former properties or facilities owned or operated by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or as a result of any operations or activities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries at any location and, to the knowledge of the Company, Hazardous Substances are not otherwise present at or about any such properties or facilities in amount or condition that has resulted in or would reasonably be expected to result in liability to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries under any Environmental Law; and (vi) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective properties or facilities are subject to, or are threatened to become subject to, any liabilities relating to any suit, settlement, court order, administrative order, regulatory requirement, judgment or claim asserted or arising under any Environmental Law or any agreement relating to environmental liabilities.
(b) As used herein, “Environmental Law” means any Law relating to (i) the protection, preservation or restoration of the environment (including air, surface water, groundwater, drinking water supply, surface and subsurface soils and strata, wetlands, plant and animal life or any other natural resource) or (ii) the exposure to, or the use, storage, recycling, treatment, generation, transportation, processing, handling, labeling, production, release or disposal of Hazardous Substances.
(c) As used herein, “Hazardous Substance” means any substance listed, defined, designated, classified or regulated as a waste, pollutant or contaminant or as hazardous, toxic, radioactive or dangerous or any other term of similar import under any Environmental Law, including but not limited to petroleum.
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Section 4.15 Tax Matters.
(a) The Company and its Subsidiaries have (i) filed all income and other material Tax Returns required to be filed by or on behalf of it (taking into account any applicable extensions thereof) and all such Tax Returns are true, accurate and complete in all material respects; and (ii) paid in full (or caused to be timely paid in full) all material Taxes that are required to be paid by or with respect to it, whether or not such Taxes were shown as due on such Tax Returns.
(b) All material Taxes not yet due and payable by the Company as of the date of the Company Balance Sheet have been, in all respects, properly accrued in accordance with GAAP on the Company Balance Sheet, and the Company Balance Sheet reflects an adequate reserve (in accordance with GAAP) for all material Taxes accrued but unpaid by the Company through the date of the Company Balance Sheet. Since the date of the Company Balance Sheet, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has incurred, individually or in the aggregate, any liability for Taxes outside the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice other than Taxes incurred in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(c) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has executed any waiver of any statute of limitations on, or extended the period for the assessment or collection of, any amount of Tax, in each case that has not since expired.
(d) No material audits or other investigations, proceedings, claims, assessments or examinations by any Governmental Entity (each, a “Tax Action”) with respect to Taxes or any Tax Return of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are presently in progress or have been asserted, threatened or proposed in writing and have not been satisfied by payment in full, settled or withdrawn, and to the knowledge of the Company, no such Tax Action is being contemplated. No deficiencies or claims for a material amount of Taxes have been claimed, proposed, assessed or asserted in writing against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries by a Governmental Entity, other than any such claim, proposal, assessment or assertion that has been satisfied by payment in full, settled or withdrawn.
(e) Subject to exceptions as would not be material, the Company and its Subsidiaries have timely withheld all Taxes required to have been withheld from payments made (or deemed made) to its employees, independent contractors, creditors, shareholders and other third parties and, to the extent required, such Taxes have been timely paid to the relevant Governmental Entity.
(f) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in a “listed transaction” as set forth in Treasury Regulations § 1.6011-4(b)(2).
(g) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries (i) is a party to or bound by, or has any liability pursuant to, any Tax sharing, allocation, indemnification or similar agreement or obligation, other than any such agreement or obligation which is a customary commercial agreement obligation entered into in the ordinary course of business with vendors, lessors, lenders or the like the primary purpose of which is unrelated to Taxes (each, an “Ordinary Course Agreement”); (ii) is or has been a member of a group (other than a group the common
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parent of which is the Company) filing a consolidated, combined, affiliated, unitary or similar income Tax Return; (iii) has any liability for the Taxes of any Person (other than the Company or its Subsidiaries) pursuant to Treasury Regulations § 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local or non-United States Law) as a transferee or successor, by Contract or otherwise by operation of Law; or (iv) is or has been treated as a resident for any income Tax purpose, or as subject to Tax by virtue of having a permanent establishment, an office or fixed place of business, in any country other than the country in which it was or is organized or incorporated.
(h) No private letter rulings, technical advice memoranda, or similar material agreements or rulings have been requested, entered into or issued by any Governmental Entity with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which rulings remain in effect.
(i) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries will be required to include any item of income in, or exclude any item of deduction from, taxable income for any taxable period (or portion thereof) ending after the Closing Date as a result of (i) a change in, or use of improper, method of accounting requested or initiated on or prior to the Closing Date, (ii) a “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any similar provision of Law) executed on or prior to the Closing Date, (iii) an installment sale or open transaction disposition made on or prior to the Closing Date, (iv) any prepaid amount received or deferred revenue accrued on or prior to the Closing Date, other than in respect of such amounts received in the ordinary course of business or (v) to the Company’s knowledge, an intercompany transaction or excess loss amount described in Treasury Regulations under Section 1502 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provision of state, local or foreign income Tax Law).
(j) There are no liens for Taxes upon any of the assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries other than Liens described in clause (i) of the definition of Permitted Liens.
(k) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has distributed stock of another Person or has had its stock distributed by another Person, in a transaction (or series of transactions) that was purported or intended to be governed in whole or in part by Sections 355 or 361 of the Code.
(l) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has been a United States real property holding corporation, as defined in Section 897(c)(2) of the Code during the applicable period specified in Section 897(c)(1)(A)(ii) of the Code.
(m) No material claim has been made in writing by any Governmental Entity in a jurisdiction where the Company or any of its Subsidiaries does not currently file a Tax Return of a certain type or pay Taxes of a certain type that the Company is or may be subject to taxation by such jurisdiction of such type.
(n) There are no outstanding shares of Company stock issued in connection with the performance of services (within the meaning of Section 83 of the Code) that immediately prior to the First Effective Time are subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture (as such terms are defined in Section 83 of the Code) for which a valid election under Section 83(b) of the Code has not been made.
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(o) To the Company’s knowledge, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has been, is, or immediately prior to the First Effective Time will be, treated as an “investment company” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(2)(F) of the Code.
(p) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken, or failed to take, any action nor knows of any fact or circumstance that, in each case, could reasonably be expected to prevent or impede the Merger from qualifying as a transaction qualifying for the Intended Tax Treatment.
For purposes of this Section 4.15, where the context permits, each reference to the Company shall include a reference to any person for whose Taxes the Company is liable under applicable Law.
Section 4.16 Contracts.
(a) Section 4.16(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth each contract that, as of the date of this Agreement, that would constitute a “material contract” (as such term is defined in Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act), with respect to the Company (assuming the Company were subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act) (all such contracts, in addition to those set forth in Section 4.16(b) of the Company Disclosure Letter, but excluding any Company Plans, “Material Contracts”).
(b) Section 4.16(b) of the Company Disclosure Letter lists the following contracts, in effect as of the date of this Agreement, which involve payment or receipt by the Company in excess of $500,000 in the aggregate, which for the purposes of this Agreement shall be considered Material Contracts:
(i) each Contract relating to any agreement for indemnification or guaranty not entered into in the ordinary course of business;
(ii) each Contract containing (A) any covenant prohibiting the Company or the Surviving Entity from engaging in any line of business or competing with any Person, or limiting the development, manufacture or distribution of the Surviving Entity’s products or services, (B) any most-favored pricing arrangement, (C) any exclusivity provision in favor of a third party, or (D) any non-solicitation provision applicable to the Company, in the case of the foregoing clause (D), which are material to the Company, taken as a whole;
(iii) each Contract relating to capital expenditures and requiring payments after the date of this Agreement pursuant to its express terms and not cancelable without penalty;
(iv) each Contract relating to the disposition or acquisition of material assets or any ownership interest in any Person;
(v) each Contract relating to any mortgages, indentures, loans, notes or credit agreements, security agreements or other agreements or instruments relating to the borrowing of money or extension of credit or creating any material Liens with respect to any assets of the Company or any loans or debt obligations with officers or directors of the Company;
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(vi) (A) any Contract involving supply or distribution (identifying any that contain exclusivity provisions), (B) any Contract involving provision of services or products with respect to any pre-clinical or clinical development activities of the Company, (C) any Contract involving a dealer, distributor, joint marketing, alliance, joint venture, cooperation, development or other Contract currently in force under which the Company has continuing obligations to develop or market any product, technology or service, or any Contract pursuant to which the Company has continuing obligations to develop any Intellectual Property that will not be owned, in whole or in part, by the Company or (D) any Contract to license any patent, trademark registration, service mark registration, trade name or copyright registration to or from any third party to manufacture or produce any product, service or technology of the Company or any Contract to sell, distribute or commercialize any products or service of the Company, in each case, except for Contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business;
(vii) each license or other Contract pursuant to which Company is or may become obligated to make any royalty, milestone or other similar contingent payment;
(viii) each Contract with any Person, including any financial advisor, broker, finder, investment banker or other Person, providing advisory services to the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby; and
(ix) each Contract relating to leases of real properties with respect to which the Company directly or indirectly holds a valid leasehold interest as well as any other real estate that is in the possession of or leased by the Company.
(c) (i) Each Material Contract is valid and binding on the Company, and to the knowledge of the Company, each other party thereto, and is in full force and effect and enforceable in accordance with its terms; and (ii) as of the date of this Agreement, the Company has not receive any written notice of any material default under any Material Contract by the Company or of any event or condition that has occurred that constitutes, or, after notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute, a material default on the part of the Company. The Company has made available to Parent true and complete copies of all Material Contracts, including all amendments thereto. Except as set forth in Section 4.16 of the Company Disclosure Letter, there are no Material Contracts that are not in written form.
Section 4.17 Insurance. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is covered by valid and currently effective insurance policies issued in favor of the Company or its Subsidiaries that are customary and adequate for companies of similar size in the industries and locations in which the Company and its Subsidiaries operate. Section 4.17 of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth, as of the date hereof, a true and complete list of all material insurance policies issued in favor of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or pursuant to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a named insured or otherwise a beneficiary, as well as any historic incurrence-based policies still in force. With respect to each such insurance policy, (a) such policy is in full force and effect and all premiums due thereon have been paid, (b) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in breach or default, and has not taken any action or failed to take any action which (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) would constitute such a breach or default, or would permit termination or modification of, any such policy and (c) to the knowledge of the Company, no insurer issuing any such policy has been declared insolvent or placed in receivership, conservatorship or liquidation. No notice of cancellation or termination has been received with respect to any such policy, nor will any such cancellation or termination result from the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
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Section 4.18 Properties.
(a) The Company or one of its Subsidiaries has good and valid title to, or in the case of leased property and leased tangible assets, a valid leasehold interest in, all of its real properties and tangible assets that are necessary for the Company and its Subsidiaries to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted, free and clear of all Liens other than (i) Liens for Taxes and assessments not yet due and payable or the amount or validity of which is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, (ii) mechanics’, workmen’s, repairmen’s, warehousemen’s and carriers’ Liens arising in the ordinary course of business of the Company and its Subsidiaries consistent with past practice and (iii) any such matters of record, Liens and other imperfections of title that do not, individually or in the aggregate, materially impair the continued ownership, use and operation of the assets to which they relate in the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as currently conducted (“Permitted Liens” ). Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, the tangible personal property currently used in the operation of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries is in good working order (reasonable wear and tear excepted).
(b) Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has complied with the terms of all leases to which it is a party, and all such leases are in full force and effect, except for any such noncompliance or failure to be in full force and effect that, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries enjoys peaceful and undisturbed possession under all such leases, except for any such failure to do so that, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(c) Section 4.18(c) of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth a true and complete list of (i) all real property owned by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and (ii) all real property leased for the benefit of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
(d) This Section 4.18 does not relate to intellectual property, which is the subject of Section 4.19.
Section 4.19 Intellectual Property; Privacy and Security
(a) Section 4.19(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter accurately identifies (i) all contracts pursuant to which any Intellectual Property is licensed to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (other than (A) any non-customized software that (1) is so licensed solely in executable or object code form pursuant to a nonexclusive, internal use software license and other Intellectual Property associated with such software and (2) is not incorporated into, or material to the development, manufacturing, or distribution of, any of the products and services of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (B) any Intellectual Property licensed on a nonexclusive basis ancillary to the purchase or use of equipment, reagents or other materials, (C) any confidential information provided under confidentiality agreements and (D) agreements between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and its employees in the Company’s standard form thereof), (ii) whether such contract involves the Company Registered IP licensed to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and (iii) whether the license or licenses granted to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are exclusive or nonexclusive.
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(b) Section 4.19(b) if the Company Disclosure Letter accurately identifies each of the Company’s contracts pursuant to which any Person has been granted any license or covenant not sue under, or otherwise has received or acquired any right (whether or not currently exercisable) or interest in, any Company Registered IP (other than (i) any confidential information provided under confidentiality agreements and (ii) any Company Registered IP nonexclusively licensed to academic collaborators, suppliers, distributors, manufacturers, service providers or the like for the sole purpose of enabling such academic collaborator, supplier, manufacturer or service provider to provide services for the Company’s benefit).
(c) To the knowledge of the Company, the Company Registered IP constitutes all Intellectual Property necessary for the Company to conduct its business as currently conducted; provided, however, that the foregoing representation is not a representation with respect to non-infringement of Intellectual Property.
(d) The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable measures to maintain the confidentiality of all information that constitutes or constituted a material Trade Secret of the Company and its Subsidiaries.
(e) Except as, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) to the knowledge of the Company, the conduct of the businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries, including the manufacture, marketing, offering for sale, sale, importation, use or intended use or other disposal of any product as currently sold or under development by Company or any of its Subsidiaries, has not infringed, misappropriated or diluted, and does not infringe, misappropriate or dilute, any Intellectual Property of any Person, (ii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries have received any written notice or claim asserting or suggesting that any such infringement, misappropriation, or dilution is or may be occurring or has or may have occurred and (iii) to the knowledge of the Company, no Person is infringing, misappropriating, or diluting in any material respect any Company Registered IP.
(f) The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable steps designed to protect the security of the computer and information technology systems used or held for use by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in the operation of its business as currently conducted (the “IT Systems”), and protect the confidentiality and security of the information stored or contained therein or transmitted thereby. The IT Systems are adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with, the operation of the businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries as currently conducted, and since January 1, 2023 (i) there has been no material unauthorized or improper use, loss, access, transmittal, modification or corruption of any such information or data (including any ransomware or cyber-extortion event) and (ii) there have been no material failures, crashes, or viruses affecting the IT Systems. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries maintain commercially reasonable backup, business continuity and disaster recovery plans and procedures with respect to the IT Systems, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has paid any ransom or made any other payment to any threat actor in connection with any actual or threatened ransomware or cyber-extortion event.
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(g) To the knowledge of Company, the Company and its Subsidiaries have since January 1, 2023 complied in all material respects with all applicable Laws, published privacy policies and contractual obligations relating to privacy, data protection, and the collection, retention, protection, security and use of information that alone or in combination with other information can be used to identify an individual, household or device, or that otherwise constitutes “personal data,” “personal information,” “personally identifiable information,” or any similar term under any applicable Law (“Personal Information”) collected, used, or held for use by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (collectively, “Privacy Laws”). Since January 1, 2023, no material claims have been asserted or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened in writing against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries alleging a violation of any Person’s privacy or Personal Information. Neither this Agreement nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will materially breach or otherwise violate any Privacy Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable steps designed to protect the Personal Information collected, used or held for use by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries against loss and unauthorized access, use, modification or disclosure, or other misuse. The Company and its Subsidiaries have contractually obligated all vendors, processors, service providers and other Persons, in each case, that collects, uses or otherwise processes Personal Information by or for the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (“Data Processors”) to comply with applicable Privacy Laws and to take reasonable measures to protect Personal Information from unauthorized, access, use or disclosure. To the knowledge of the Company, no Data Processors have failed to comply with Privacy Laws with respect to the Personal Information processed on behalf of the Company or its Subsidiaries.
(h) Since January 1, 2023, to the knowledge of the Company, neither Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has (A) experienced any material Security Incident, (B) been required under any applicable Privacy Law or contractual obligation to notify any Person or Governmental Entity of any Security Incident, or made any such notification, or (C) received any written notice, request, complaint, subpoena, audit, inquiry or investigation from any Governmental Entity relating to the processing of Personal Information by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or the Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ compliance with any Privacy Law. For purposes of this Agreement, “Security Incident” means any unauthorized, accidental or unlawful access to, or acquisition, use, loss, destruction, modification, corruption or disclosure of, any Personal Information or any other confidential information or confidential data stored or contained in, or transmitted by, the IT Systems, or the Company IT Systems, as applicable, including any ransomware or cyber-extortion event. The Company and its Subsidiaries have obtained all consents, authorizations and permissions from, and provided all notices to, individuals required in all material respects under applicable Privacy Laws for the collection, use, transfer and other processing of Personal Information as currently conducted by or on behalf of the Company and its Subsidiaries, and no such consent, authorization or permission has been withdrawn in a manner that would materially impair the conduct of the businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries. To the knowledge of the Company, all transfers of Personal Information by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries across national borders have been made in compliance in all material respects with applicable Privacy Laws, including pursuant to valid cross-border data transfer mechanisms where required.
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(i) To the knowledge of the Company, no government funding, facilities or resources of a university, college, other educational institution or research center or funding from third parties was used in the development of Company Owned IP or any Intellectual Property, exclusively licensed to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and no Governmental Entity, university, college, other educational institution or research center has, to the knowledge of the Company, any claim or right in or to such Intellectual Property.
(j) Except as set forth on Section 4.19(j) of the Company Disclosure Letter, the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not result in the loss of, or give rise to any right of any third party to terminate or modify any of the rights or obligations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries under any agreement under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries grants to any Person, or any Person grants to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, a license or right under or with respect to any Intellectual Property that is material to any of the businesses of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
Section 4.20 State Takeover Statutes. As of the date hereof and at all times on or prior to the First Effective Time, the Company Board has taken all actions so that the restrictions applicable to business combinations contained in Section 203 of the DGCL are, and will be, inapplicable to the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the timely consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and will not restrict, impair or delay the ability of Parent or Merger Subs, after the First Effective Time, to vote or otherwise exercise all rights as a stockholder of the Company. No other “moratorium,” “fair price,” “business combination,” “control share acquisition” or similar provision of any state anti-takeover Law (collectively, “Takeover Laws”) or any similar anti-takeover provision in the Company Charter or Company Bylaws is, or at the First Effective Time will be, applicable to this Agreement, the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 4.21 No Rights Plan. There is no stockholder rights plan, “poison pill” anti-takeover plan or other similar device in effect to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or is otherwise bound.
Section 4.22 Related Party Transactions. Except as set forth on Section 4.22 of the Company Disclosure Letter, since January 1, 2024 through the date of this Agreement, there have been no transactions, agreements, arrangements or understandings between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the Affiliates of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, on the other hand that would be required to be disclosed under Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act (assuming the Company and its Subsidiaries were subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act).
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Section 4.23 Certain Payments. For the five (5) years immediately preceding the date hereof, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective directors, executives or employees, or to the knowledge of the Company, representatives or agents (in each case, while acting for or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) (a) has used or is using any funds for any illegal contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity, (b) has used or is using any funds for any direct or indirect unlawful payments to any foreign or domestic governmental officials or employees, (c) has violated or is violating any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (“FCPA”), (d) has established or maintained, or is maintaining, any unlawful fund of corporate monies or other properties, or (e) has made any bribe, unlawful rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment of any nature. To the Company’s knowledge, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective directors, executives, representatives, agents or employees (in each case, in their capacities as such) are the subject of any allegation, voluntary disclosure, investigation, prosecution or other enforcement action related to the FCPA or any other applicable anti-corruption or anti-bribery Law.
Section 4.24 Trade Laws. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective directors, executives, employees, or to the knowledge of the Company, representatives or agents is a Sanctioned Person. Since April 24, 2019, the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been in compliance with all applicable import, export control, anti-boycott and economic and trade sanctions Laws, including the Export Administration Regulations, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, the regulations administered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the sanctions regulations administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the U.S. Department of State (the “Trade Laws”) and have obtained, satisfied the requirements of or are otherwise qualified to rely upon all necessary import and export licenses, consents, notices, waivers, approvals, orders, registrations, declarations or other authorizations, and made any filings with any Governmental Entity, in each case required for (i) the import, export, reexport or transfer of products, services, software or technologies and (ii) releases of technology or software to foreign nationals (the “Trade Approvals”).
Section 4.25 CFIUS. Company is not a “foreign person” within the meaning of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, including all implementing regulations thereof.
Section 4.26 Outbound Investment. The Company either is (i) not a “person of a country of concern”; or (ii) not engaged in any “covered activity,” as these terms are defined in 31 C.F.R. Part 850, as implemented or revised from time to time (the “Outbound Investment Security Program”). The Company has no current intention of becoming a “person of a country of concern” that engages in any “covered activity.” The Company is not, and does not currently intend to become, a person that directly or indirectly holds a board seat or a voting or equity interest in, or any contractual power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of, any “covered foreign person” as defined in the Outbound Investment Security Program.
Section 4.27 Data Security Program. The Company is not a “covered person” as that term is defined in Executive Order 14117 and rules and regulations issued thereunder, including 28 C.F.R. Part 202, as implemented or amended from time to time (the “DSP”). Since April 8, 2025, the Company has not engaged in or directed any “covered data transaction,” as that term is defined in the DSP, except in full compliance with the DSP.
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Section 4.28 Brokers. No broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other Person, other than as set forth on Section 4.28 of the Company Disclosure Letter, the fees and expenses of which will be paid by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or following the First Effective Time, Parent is entitled to any broker’s, finder’s, financial advisor’s or other similar fee or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of its Affiliates. The Company has furnished to Parent a true and complete copy of any Contract between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and any Person identified on Section 4.28 of the Company Disclosure Letter.
Section 4.29 Subscription Agreement.
(a) The Company has delivered to Parent and Merger Subs, correct and complete copies of all definitive agreements related to the Concurrent Investment, including the Subscription Agreement. The Subscription Agreement has not been amended or modified prior to the date of this Agreement and as of the date hereof, the respective obligations and commitments contained in the Subscription Agreement have not been withdrawn or rescinded in any respect.
(b) As of the date hereof, the Subscription Agreement is in full force and effect and is the legal, valid, binding and enforceable obligation of the Company, and, to the knowledge of the Company, each of the Concurrent Investment Investors. There are no conditions precedent or other contingencies related to the funding of the full amount of the Concurrent Investment, other than as expressly set forth in the Subscription Agreement. As of the date hereof, no event has occurred which, with or without notice, lapse of time or both, would reasonably be expected to constitute a default or breach on the part of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any Concurrent Investment Investor under the Subscription Agreement.
Section 4.30 No Other Representations and Warranties. Except for the representations and warranties contained in Article V, the Company acknowledges and agrees that none of Parent, Merger Sub or any other Person on behalf of Parent or Merger Sub makes any other express or implied representation or warranty whatsoever, and specifically (but without limiting the generality of the foregoing) that none of Parent, its Subsidiaries or any other Person on behalf of Parent or Merger Sub makes any representation or warranty with respect to any projections or forecasts delivered or made available to the Company or any of its Representatives of future revenues, results of operations (or any component thereof), cash flows or financial condition (or any component thereof) of Parent (including any such projections or forecasts made available to the Company and Representatives in certain “data rooms” or management presentations in expectation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement), and the Company has not relied on any such information or any representation or warranty not set forth in Article V.
ARTICLE V
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB
Except (a) as disclosed in the Parent SEC Documents at least three Business Days prior to the date of this Agreement and that is reasonably apparent on the face of such disclosure to be applicable to the representation and warranty set forth herein (other than any disclosures contained or referenced therein under the captions “Risk Factors,” “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” and any other disclosures contained or referenced therein of information, factors, or risks that are predictive, cautionary, or
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forward-looking in nature); or (b) as set forth in the corresponding section or subsection of the disclosure letter delivered by Parent to the Company (the “Parent Disclosure Letter”) (it being agreed that the disclosure of any information in a particular section or subsection of the Parent Disclosure Letter shall be deemed disclosure of such information with respect to any other section or subsection of this Agreement to which the relevance of such information is readily apparent on its face), each of Parent and Merger Sub represent and warrant to the Company as follows:
Section 5.1 Organization, Standing and Power.
(a) Each of Parent and Merger Sub is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation. Each of Parent and Merger Sub (x) has all requisite corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted and (y) is duly qualified or licensed to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the ownership, leasing or operation of its properties makes such qualification or licensing necessary, except in the case of clause (y), where the failure to be so qualified or licensed or in good standing, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of this Agreement, “Parent Material Adverse Effect” means any event, change, circumstance, occurrence, effect or state of facts that (A) is or would reasonably be expected to be materially adverse to the business, assets, liabilities, financial condition, or results of operations of Parent and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (B) materially impairs the ability of Parent or Merger Sub to consummate the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement; provided, however, that in the case of clause (A) only, Parent Material Adverse Effect shall not include any event, change, circumstance, occurrence, effect or state of facts to the extent resulting from (1) changes or conditions generally affecting the industries in which Parent and its Subsidiaries operate, or the economy or the financial, debt, banking, capital, credit or securities markets, in the United States, including effects on such industries, economy or markets resulting from any regulatory and political conditions or developments in general, (2) the outbreak or escalation of war or acts of terrorism or any natural disasters, acts of God or comparable events, epidemic, pandemic or disease outbreak (including the COVID-19 virus) or any worsening of the foregoing, or any declaration of martial law, quarantine or similar directive, policy or guidance or Law or other action by any Governmental Entity in response thereto, (3) changes in Law or GAAP, or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, (4) the public announcement or pendency of this Agreement, or (5) any specific action taken (or omitted to be taken) by Parent at or with the express written consent of the Company; provided, that, with respect to clauses (1), (2) and (3), the impact of such event, change, circumstance, occurrence, effect or state of facts is not disproportionately adverse to Parent and its Subsidiaries, as compared to other participants in the industries in which Parent and its Subsidiaries operate.
(b) Parent has previously made available to the Company true and complete copies of the Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws of each of Parent, each of its Subsidiaries, and Merger Sub, in each case, as amended to the date of this Agreement, and each as so delivered is in full force and effect. None of Parent, its Subsidiaries, or Merger Sub is in violation of any provision of their respective Certificate of Incorporation or bylaws.
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Section 5.2 Capital Stock.
(a) The authorized capital stock of Parent consists of 200,000,000 shares of Parent Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Parent (the “Parent Preferred Stock”). As of the close of business on August 13, 2026 (the “Measurement Date”), (i) 76,297,257 shares of Parent Common Stock (excluding treasury shares) were issued and outstanding, all of which were validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable (which term means that no further sums are required to be paid by the holders thereof in connection with the issue of such shares) and were free of preemptive rights, (ii) no shares of Parent Common Stock were held in treasury, (iii) an aggregate of 11,063,949 shares of Parent Common Stock were subject to the exercise of outstanding Parent Options, (iv) 17,523 shares of Parent Common Stock were subject to outstanding Parent Restricted Stock Unit Awards, and (v) no shares of Parent Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding or held in treasury. Except as set forth above in this Section 5.2(a), Parent does not have any outstanding bonds, debentures, notes or other obligations having the right to vote (or convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, securities having the right to vote) with the stockholders of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries on any matter. Except as set forth above in this Section 5.2(a) and except for changes since the close of business on the Measurement Date resulting from the exercise of any options as described above, as of the Measurement Date, there are no outstanding (A) shares of capital stock or other voting securities or equity interests of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, (B) securities of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of capital stock of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or other voting securities or equity interests of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, (C) stock appreciation rights, “phantom” stock rights, performance units, interests in or rights to the ownership or earnings of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or other equity equivalent or equity-based awards or rights, (D) subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, commitments, Contracts or other rights to acquire from Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, or obligations of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries to issue, any shares of capital stock of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, voting securities, equity interests or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for capital stock or other voting securities or equity interests of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or rights or interests described in the preceding clause (C), or (E) obligations of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any such securities or to issue, grant, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, granted, delivered or sold, any such securities. There are no stockholder agreements, voting trusts or other agreements or understandings to which Parent or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or of which Parent has knowledge with respect to the holding, voting, registration, redemption, repurchase or disposition of, or that restricts the transfer of, any capital stock or other voting securities or equity interests of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries.
(b) The authorized capital stock of First Merger Sub consists of 1,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which 1,000 shares are issued and outstanding, all of which shares are beneficially owned by Parent.
(c) (b) The authorized limited liability company interests of Second Merger Sub consist of 1,000 common units, of which 1,000 common units are issued and outstanding, all of which are beneficially owned by Parent.
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(d) The shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued pursuant to the Merger will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not subject to any preemptive rights.
Section 5.3 Subsidiaries. Section 5.3 of the Parent Disclosure Letter sets forth a true and complete list of each Subsidiary of Parent, including is jurisdiction of incorporation or formation. Each of Parent’s Subsidiaries (i) is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, (ii) has all requisite corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted and (iii) is duly qualified or licensed to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the ownership, leasing or operations of its properties makes such qualification or licensing necessary, except in the case of clause (iii), where the failure to be so qualified or licensed or in good standing, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect. All outstanding shares of capital stock and other voting securities or equity interests of each such Subsidiary are owned directly by Parent, free and clear of all Liens. Except for the capital stock of, or other equity or voting interests in, its Subsidiaries, Parent does not own, directly or indirectly, any equity, membership interest, partnership interest, joint venture interest, or other equity or voting interest in, or any interest convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable for any of the foregoing, nor is it under any current or prospective obligation to form or participate in, provide funds to, make any loan, capital contribution, guarantee, credit enhancement or other investment in, or assume any liability or obligation of, any Person. Merger Sub was formed solely for the purpose of engaging in the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and has engaged in no business other than in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
Section 5.4 Authority.
(a) Each of Parent and Merger Sub has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement and to consummate the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby, including the issuance of the shares of Parent Common Stock to the holders of Company capital stock as Merger Consideration (the “Parent Common Stock Issuance”). The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Parent and Merger Sub and the consummation by Parent and Merger Sub of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of Parent and Merger Sub and no other corporate proceedings on the part of Parent or Merger Sub are necessary to approve this Agreement or to consummate the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby, subject to (i) obtaining the approval of the Nasdaq Issuance Proposal and the Reverse Stock Split Proposal by the holders of a majority of the votes cast for such proposals (collectively, the “Parent Stockholder Approval”) and (ii) the approval of this Agreement by Parent as the sole stockholder of Merger Sub. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Parent and Merger Sub and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by the Company, constitutes a valid and binding obligation of each of Parent and Merger Sub, enforceable against each of Parent and Merger Sub in accordance with its terms (except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization or similar Laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally or by general principles of equity).
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(b) The Parent Board, at a meeting duly called and held at which all directors of Parent were present, duly adopted resolutions unanimously (i) determining that the terms of this Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby are fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Parent and its stockholders, (ii) approving and declaring advisable this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Merger, the issuance of shares of Parent Common Stock to the stockholders of the Company pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, the Concurrent Investment, the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend and the Parent Support Agreements, (iii) determining to submit the Parent Board Recommendation to the stockholders of Parent, and (iv) determining to approve and recommend the Parent Stockholder Proposal to the stockholders of Parent as promptly as practicable after the form of the Reverse Stock Split Proposal is mutually agreed to by Parent and the Company. The board of directors of Merger Sub (by unanimous written consent) has unanimously: (x) determined that the transactions contemplated hereby are fair to, advisable, and in the best interests of Merger Sub and its sole stockholder, (y) deemed advisable and approved this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and (z) determined to recommend, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, that the stockholder of Merger Sub vote to adopt this Agreement and thereby the transactions contemplated hereby.
(c) The Parent Stockholder Approval is the only vote of the holders of any class or series of the Parent Common Stock or other securities required in connection with the consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby, including the Parent Common Stock Issuance. Other than the Parent Stockholder Approval, no vote of the holders of any class or series of the Parent Common Stock or other securities is required in connection with the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated hereby to be consummated by Parent.
Section 5.5 No Conflict; Consents and Approvals.
(a) Except as set forth in Section 5.5(a) of the Parent Disclosure Letter, the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by each of Parent and Merger Sub does not, and the consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and compliance by each of Parent and Merger Sub with the provisions hereof will not, conflict with, or result in any violation or breach of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) under, or give rise to a right of, or result in, termination, cancellation, modification or acceleration of any obligation or to the loss of a benefit under, or result in the creation of any Lien in or upon any of the properties, assets or rights of Parent or Merger Sub under, or give rise to any increased, additional, accelerated or guaranteed rights or entitlements under, or require any consent, waiver or approval of any Person pursuant to, any provision of (i) the Certificate of Incorporation or bylaws of Parent or Merger Sub, (ii) any Parent Material Contract to which Parent or Merger Sub is a party by which Parent, Merger Sub or any of their respective properties or assets may be bound, or (iii) subject to the governmental filings and other matters referred to in Section 5.5(b), any material Law or any rule or regulation of Nasdaq applicable to Parent or Merger Sub or by which Parent, Merger Sub or any of their respective properties or assets may be bound, except as, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), as individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
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(b) No consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration, filing with or notice to, any Governmental Entity is required by or with respect to Parent or Merger Sub in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Parent or Merger Sub or the consummation by Parent or Merger Sub of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby or compliance with the provisions hereof, except for (i) the filing of the pre-merger notification report under the HSR Act, (ii) the filing with the SEC of such reports under Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as may be required in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, (iii) such other filings and reports as may be required pursuant to the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and any other applicable state or federal securities, takeover and “blue sky” laws, (iv) the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Delaware Secretary of State as required by the DGCL, (v) any filings required under the rules and regulations of Nasdaq and (vi) such consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations, filings or notices the failure of which to be obtained or made, individually or in the aggregate, have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.6 SEC Reports; Financial Statements.
(a) Parent has filed with or furnished to the SEC on a timely basis true and complete copies of all forms, reports, schedules, statements and other documents required to be filed with or furnished to the SEC by Parent since January 1, 2026 (all such documents, together with all exhibits and schedules to the foregoing materials and all information incorporated therein by reference, the “Parent SEC Documents”). As of their respective filing dates (or, if amended or superseded by a filing prior to the date of this Agreement, then on the date of such filing), the Parent SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), as the case may be, including, in each case, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and none of the Parent SEC Documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(b) The financial statements (including the related notes and schedules thereto) included (or incorporated by reference) in the Parent SEC Documents (i) have been prepared in a manner consistent with the books and records of Parent, (ii) have been prepared in accordance with GAAP (except, in the case of unaudited statements, as permitted by Form 10-Q of the SEC) applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto), (iii) comply as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto and (iv) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position of Parent as of the dates thereof and their respective consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal and recurring year-end audit adjustments that were not, or are not expected to be, material in amount), all in accordance with GAAP and the applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC. Since January 1, 2026, Parent has not made any change in the accounting practices or policies applied in the preparation of its financial statements, except as required by GAAP, SEC rule or policy or applicable Law. The books and records of Parent have been, and are being, maintained in all material respects in accordance with GAAP (to the extent applicable) and any other applicable legal and accounting requirements and reflect only actual transactions.
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(c) Parent has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Such disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information relating to Parent required to be disclosed in Parent’s periodic and current reports under the Exchange Act, is made known to Parent’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer by others within those entities to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures as required under the Exchange Act. The chief executive officer and chief financial officer of Parent have evaluated the effectiveness of Parent’s disclosure controls and procedures and, to the extent required by applicable Law, presented in any applicable Parent SEC Document that is a report on Form 10-K or Form 10-Q, or any amendment thereto, its conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by such report or amendment based on such evaluation.
(d) Parent has established and maintains a system of internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) which is effective in providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of Parent’s financial reporting and the preparation of Parent’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Parent has disclosed, based on its most recent evaluation of Parent’s internal control over financial reporting prior to the date hereof, to Parent’s auditors and audit committee (i) any significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of Parent’s internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect Parent’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information and (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in Parent’s internal control over financial reporting. A true, correct and complete summary of any such disclosures made by management to Parent’s auditors and audit committee is set forth as Section 5.6(d) of Parent Disclosure Letter.
(e) Since January 1, 2026, (i) neither Parent nor, to the knowledge of Parent, any of its directors, officers, employees, auditors, accountants or representatives has received or otherwise had or obtained knowledge of any material complaint, allegation, assertion or claim, whether written or oral, regarding the accounting or auditing practices, procedures, methodologies or methods of Parent or its internal accounting controls, including any material complaint, allegation, assertion or claim that Parent has engaged in questionable accounting or auditing practices and (ii) no attorney representing Parent, whether or not employed by Parent, has reported evidence of a material violation of securities Laws, breach of fiduciary duty or similar violation by Parent or any of its officers, directors, employees or agents to the Parent Board or any committee thereof or to any director or officer of Parent.
(f) As of the date of this Agreement, there are no outstanding or unresolved comments in the comment letters received from the SEC staff with respect to the Parent SEC Documents. To the knowledge of Parent, none of the Parent SEC Documents is subject to ongoing review or outstanding SEC comment or investigation.
(g) Parent is not a party to, or has any commitment to become a party to, any joint venture, off balance sheet partnership or any similar Contract (including any Contract or arrangement relating to any transaction or relationship between or among Parent, on the one hand, and any unconsolidated Affiliate, including any structured finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity or Person, on the other hand, or any “off balance sheet arrangements” (as defined in Item 303(a) of Regulation S K under the Exchange Act)), where the result, purpose or intended effect of such Contract is to avoid disclosure of any material transaction involving, or material liabilities of, Parent in Parent’s published financial statements or other Parent SEC Documents.
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(h) Parent is in compliance in all material respects with (i) the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and (ii) the rules and regulations of Nasdaq, in each case, that are applicable to Parent.
Section 5.7 No Undisclosed Liabilities. Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liabilities or obligations of any nature, whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise, known or unknown, whether due or to become due and whether or not required to be recorded or reflected on a balance sheet under GAAP, except (a) to the extent specifically and adequately accrued or reserved against in the unaudited balance sheet of Parent as at June 30, 2026 included in the -Parent SEC Documents (without giving effect to any amendment thereto filed on or after the date hereof) and (b) for liabilities and obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice (none of which is a liability for a breach or default under any contract, breach of warranty, tort, infringement, misappropriation or violation of law) since June 30, 2026 that are not individually or in the aggregate material to Parent.
Section 5.8 Absence of Certain Changes or Events. Except as set forth in Section 5.8 of the Parent Disclosure Letter, since December 31, 2025, (i) except in connection with the execution of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, Parent and its Subsidiaries have conducted their business only in the ordinary course consistent with past practice; (ii) there has not been any change, event or development or prospective change, event or development that, individually or in the aggregate, has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii) neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has:
(a) (i) declared, set aside or paid any dividends on, or made any other distributions (whether in cash, stock or property) in respect of, any of its capital stock or other equity interests, other than the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend, (ii) purchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired shares of capital stock or other equity interests of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or any options, warrants, or rights to acquire any such shares or other equity interests, or (iii) split, combined, reclassified or otherwise amended the terms of any of its capital stock or other equity interests or issued or authorized the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for shares of its capital stock or other equity interests;
(b) amended or otherwise changed, or authorized or proposed to amend or otherwise change, its certificate of incorporation or by-laws (or similar organizational documents);
(c) adopted or entered into a plan of complete or partial liquidation, dissolution, restructuring, recapitalization or reorganization; or
(d) changed its financial or Tax accounting methods, principles or practices, except insofar as may have been required by a change in GAAP or applicable Law, or revalued any of its material assets.
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Section 5.9 Litigation. There is no Action (or basis therefor) pending or, to the knowledge of Parent, threatened against or affecting Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, any of its properties or assets, or any present or former officer, director or employee of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries in such individual’s capacity as such, other than any Action that (a) does not involve an amount in controversy in excess of $100,000 and (b) does not seek injunctive or other non-monetary relief. Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective properties or assets is subject to any outstanding judgment, order, injunction, rule or decree of any Governmental Entity. There is no Action pending or, to the knowledge of Parent, threatened seeking to prevent, hinder, modify, delay or challenge the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
Section 5.10 Compliance with Law. Parent and each of its Subsidiaries are and have been in compliance in all material respects with all Laws applicable to its businesses, operations, properties or assets. Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has received, since January 1, 2023, a notice or other written communication alleging or relating to a possible material violation of any Law applicable to its business, operations, properties, assets or Parent Products (as defined below). Parent and each of its Subsidiaries have in effect all material Permits of all Governmental Entities necessary or advisable for it to own, lease or operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business and operations as now conducted, and there has occurred no violation of, default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) under or event giving to others any right of revocation, non-renewal, adverse modification or cancellation of, with or without notice or lapse of time or both, any such Permit, nor would any such revocation, non-renewal, adverse modification or cancellation result from the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 5.11 Health Care Regulatory Matters. Except as set forth in Section 5.11 of the Parent Disclosure Letter:
(a) Parent, and to the knowledge of Parent, each of its directors, officers, management employees, and agents (while acting in such capacity) is, and at all times prior hereto was, in material compliance with all Health Care Laws to the extent applicable to Parent or any of its products or activities. To the knowledge of Parent, there are no facts or circumstances that reasonably would be expected to give rise to any material liability under any Health Care Laws.
(b) Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries is party to any material corporate integrity agreements, monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, or similar agreements with or imposed by any Governmental Entity.
(c) All applications, notifications, submissions, information, claims, reports and statistical analyses, and other data and conclusions derived therefrom, utilized as the basis for or submitted in connection with any and all requests for a Permit from the FDA or other Governmental Entity relating to products that are regulated under Health Care Laws, including biological candidates, compounds or products being researched, tested, stored, developed, labeled, manufactured, packed, imported, exported and/or distributed by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries (“Parent Products”), including, without limitation, investigational new drug applications, when submitted to the FDA or other Governmental Entity were true, complete and correct in all material respects as of the date of submission and any necessary or required updates, changes, corrections or modification to such applications, submissions, information and data have been submitted to the FDA or other Governmental Entity. Parent does not have knowledge of any facts or circumstances that would be reasonably likely to lead to the revocation, suspension, limitation, or cancellation of a Permit required under Health Care Laws.
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(d) All preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted by or, to the knowledge of Parent, on behalf of Parent in respect of a Parent Product for submission to the FDA or other Governmental Entity have been since January 1, 2020, and if still pending are being, conducted in material compliance with research protocols and all applicable Health Care Laws, including, but not limited to, the FDCA and its applicable implementing regulations at 21 C.F.R. Parts 50, 54, 56, 58, 312, 314 and 812. No clinical trial conducted by or on behalf of Parent has been conducted using any clinical investigators who have been disqualified. Except as set forth on Section 5.11(d) of the Parent Disclosure Letter, no clinical trial conducted by or on behalf of the Company has been terminated or suspended prior to completion, and no clinical investigator that has participated or is participating in, or institutional review board that has or has had jurisdiction over, a clinical trial conducted by or on behalf of Parent has placed a clinical hold order on, or otherwise terminated, delayed or suspended, such a clinical trial at a clinical research site based on an actual or alleged lack of safety or efficacy of any Parent Product or a failure to conduct such clinical trial in compliance with applicable Health Care Laws.
(e) All manufacturing operations conducted by or, to the knowledge of Parent, for the benefit of Parent have been and are being conducted in material compliance with all Permits under applicable Health Care Laws, all applicable provisions of the FDA’s current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) regulations at 21 C.F.R. Parts 210-211 and Parts 600 and 610 and FDA’s Quality Management System (QMS) regulations at 21 C.F.R. Part 820, and all comparable foreign regulatory requirements of any Governmental Entity.
(f) Parent has not received any written communication that relates to an alleged violation or non-compliance with any Health Care Laws, including any notification of any pending or threatened claim, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration, import detention or refusal, FDA Warning Letter or Untitled Letter, or any action by a Governmental Entity relating to any Health Care Laws. All Warning Letters, Form-483 observations, or comparable findings from other Governmental Entities listed in Section 5.11(f) of the Parent Disclosure Letter have been resolved to the satisfaction of the applicable Governmental Entity.
(g) There have been no seizures, withdrawals, recalls, detentions, or suspensions of manufacturing, testing, or distribution relating to the Parent Products required or requested by a Governmental Entity, or other Safety Notices. All Safety Notices listed in Section 5.11(g) of the Parent Disclosure Letter have been resolved to the satisfaction of the applicable Governmental Entity.
(h) Except as set forth in Section 5.11(h) of the Parent Disclosure Letter, there are no unresolved Safety Notices, and to the knowledge Parent, there are no facts or circumstances that would be reasonably likely to result in a Safety Notice with respect to the Parent Products or a termination or suspension of developing and testing of any of the Parent Products.
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(i) Neither Parent, nor, to the knowledge of Parent, any officer, director, employee, or agent of Parent has made an untrue statement of a material fact or fraudulent or misleading statement to a Governmental Entity, failed to disclose a material fact required to be disclosed to a Governmental Entity, or committed an act, made a statement, or failed to make a statement that would reasonably be expected to provide a basis for the FDA to invoke its FDA Ethics Policy. None of the aforementioned is or has been under investigation resulting from any allegedly untrue, fraudulent, misleading, or false statement or omission, including data fraud, or had any action pending or threatened relating to the FDA Ethics Policy.
(j) All reports, documents, claims, Permits and notices required to be filed, maintained or furnished to the FDA or any Governmental Entity by Parent have been so filed, maintained or furnished, except where failure to file, maintain or furnish such reports, documents, claims, Permits or notices have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. All such reports, documents, claims, Permits and notices were true and complete in all material respects on the date filed (or were corrected in or supplemented by a subsequent filing).
(k) Neither Parent nor, to the knowledge of Parent, any officer, director, employee, or agent of Parent has been convicted of any crime or engaged in any conduct that has resulted, or would reasonably be expected to result, in debarment under applicable Law, including, without limitation, 21 U.S.C. § 335a, or exclusion under 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7, or any other statutory provision or similar law applicable in other jurisdictions in which the Parent Products are sold or intended to be sold. Neither Parent nor, to the knowledge of Parent, any officer, director, employee, or agent of Parent, has been excluded from participation in any federal health care program or convicted of any crime or engaged in any conduct for which such Person could be excluded from participating in any federal health care program under Section 1128 of the Social Security Act of 1935, as amended, or any similar Health Care Law or program.
Section 5.12 Benefit Plans.
(a) Section 5.12(a) of the Parent Disclosure Letter contains a true, correct and complete list of each material Parent Plan.
(b) Parent has provided or made available to the Company a current, accurate and complete copy of each material Parent Plan, or if such Parent Plan is not in written form, a written summary of all of the material terms of such Parent Plan. With respect to each Parent Plan, Parent has furnished or made available to the Company a current, accurate and complete copy of, to the extent applicable: (i) all documents embodying or governing such Parent Plan and any related trust agreement or other funding instrument, (ii) the most recent determination letter of the IRS, (iii) any summary plan description, summary of material modifications, and other similar material written communications (or a written description of any material oral communications) to the employees of Parent or its Subsidiaries concerning the extent of the benefits provided under a Parent Plan, (iv) all non-routine correspondence to and from any governmental agency, and (v) for the three most recent years and as applicable (A) the Form 5500 and attached schedules, (B) audited financial statements, (C) nondiscrimination testing results and (D) actuarial valuation reports.
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(c) Neither Parent, its Subsidiaries or any member of their Controlled Group has ever sponsored, maintained, contributed to, or been required to contribute to or incurred any liability (contingent or otherwise) with respect to: (i) a Multiemployer Plan, (ii) an “employee pension benefit plan” (within the meaning of Section 3(2) of ERISA) that is subject to Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, (iii) any “multiple employer plan” as defined in Section 413 of the Code or Section 210 of ERISA, (iv) a “funded welfare benefit plan” within the meaning of Section 419 of the Code or (v) any “multiple employer welfare arrangement” (as such term is defined in Section 3(40) of ERISA), and neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries or any member of their Controlled Group has ever incurred any liability under Title IV of ERISA that has not been paid in full.
(d) With respect to the Parent Plans:
(i) each Parent Plan is and has been established, operated and administered in all material respects with its terms and materially complies in form and in operation with the applicable provisions of ERISA and the Code and all other applicable legal requirements;
(ii) no Parent Plan is, or within the past six years has been, the subject of an application or filing under a government sponsored amnesty, voluntary compliance, or similar program, or been the subject of any self-correction under any such program;
(iii) each Parent Plan intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has received a favorable determination, advisory and/or opinion letter, as applicable, from the IRS that it is so qualified and nothing has occurred to the knowledge of Parent since the date of such letter that would reasonably be expected to cause the loss of the sponsor’s ability to rely upon such letter, and nothing has occurred to the knowledge of Parent that would reasonably be expected to result in the loss of the qualified status of such Parent Plan;
(iv) there is no material Action (including any investigation, audit or other administrative proceeding) by the Department of Labor, the PBGC, the IRS or any other Governmental Entity or by any plan participant or beneficiary pending, or to the knowledge of Parent, threatened, relating to the Parent Plans, any fiduciaries thereof with respect to their duties to Parent Plans or the assets of any of the trusts under any of Parent Plans (other than routine claims for benefits);
(v) none of the Parent Plans currently provides, or reflects or represents any liability to provide post-termination or retiree welfare benefits to any person for any reason, except as may be required by COBRA, and none of Parent, its Subsidiaries or any members of their Controlled Group has any liability to provide post-termination or retiree welfare benefits to any person or ever represented, promised or contracted to any employee or former employee of Parent (either individually or to Parent employees as a group) or any other person that such employee(s) or other person would be provided with post-termination or retiree welfare benefits, except to the extent required by statute or except with respect to a contractual obligation to reimburse any premiums such person may pay in order to obtain health coverage under COBRA;
(vi) all payments and/or contributions required to have been timely made with respect to all Parent Plans either have been made or have been accrued in accordance with the terms of the applicable Parent Plan and applicable law;
(vii) each Parent Plan is subject exclusively to United States Law;
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(viii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Parent Stockholder Approval, and the consummation of the Merger will not, either alone or in combination with any other event, (A) entitle any current or former employee, officer, director or consultant of Parent or any Subsidiary to severance pay, unemployment compensation or any other similar termination payment, (B) accelerate the time of payment or vesting, or increase the amount of or otherwise enhance any benefit due any such employee, officer, director or consultant, (C) trigger the forgiveness of any indebtedness of any such employee, officer, director or consultant, (D) restrict the rights of the Parent or any Subsidiary to amend or terminate any Parent Plan, or (E) otherwise result in any additional compensation obligation of the Parent or any Subsidiary;
(e) Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any agreement, contract, arrangement or plan (including any Parent Plan) that may reasonably be expected to result, separately or in the aggregate, in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (either alone or in combination with any other events), in the payment of any “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code. There is no agreement, plan or other arrangement to which Parent or any Subsidiary is a party or by which Parent or any Subsidiary is otherwise bound to compensate any person in respect of Taxes or other liabilities incurred with respect to Section 409A or 4999 of the Code.
(f) Each Parent Plan that is a “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code (or any comparable or similar provision of state, local, or foreign Law) complies in both form and operation in all material respects with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code (or any comparable or similar provision of state, local, or foreign Law) and all applicable IRS guidance issued with respect thereto (and has so complied for the entire period during which Section 409A of the Code has applied to such Parent Plan) so that no amount paid or payable pursuant to any such Parent Plan is subject to any additional Tax or interest under Section 409A of the Code (or any comparable or similar provision of state, local, or foreign Law) The per share exercise price of each Parent Option is no less than the fair market value of a share of Parent Common Stock on the date of grant of such Parent Option, determined in a manner consistent with Section 409A of the Code, and no payment to be made under any Parent Plan is, or to the knowledge of the Parent, will be, subject to the penalties of Section 409A(a)(1) of the Code.
(g) No Parent Plan provides major medical health or long-term disability benefits that are not fully insured through an insurance contract.
Section 5.13 Labor and Employment Matters.
(a) Parent and each of its Subsidiaries are and, since January 1, 2023, have been in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Laws relating to labor or employment matters, including those relating to employment practices, terms and conditions of employment, collective bargaining, disability, immigration, health and safety, wages, hours and benefits, non-discrimination in employment, workers’ compensation, the collection and payment of withholding and/or payroll Taxes and similar Taxes, unemployment compensation, equal employment opportunity, discrimination, harassment, employee and contractor classification, restrictive covenants, pay equity, information privacy and security, and continuation coverage with respect to group health plans. Since January 1, 2023, there has not been, and as of the date of this Agreement there is not pending or, to the knowledge of Parent, threatened, any labor dispute, work stoppage, labor strike or lockout against Parent or any of its Subsidiaries by employees.
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(b) No employee of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries is, or since January 1, 2023 has been, covered by a collective bargaining agreement or similar labor agreement. To the knowledge of Parent, there has not been any activity on behalf of any labor union, labor organization or similar representative group to organize any employees of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries. There are no and since January 1, 2023 there has not been any: (i) unfair labor practice charges or complaints against Parent or any of its Subsidiaries pending before the National Labor Relations Board or any other labor relations tribunal or authority and to the knowledge of Parent no such representations, claims or petitions are threatened, (ii) representations, claims, or petitions pending before the National Labor Relations Board or any other labor tribunal or (iii) grievances or pending arbitration proceedings against Parent or any of its Subsidiaries that arose out of or under any collective bargaining agreement.
(c) Since January 1, 2025, (i) neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has effectuated a “plant closing” (as defined in the WARN Act) affecting any site of employment or one or more facilities or operating units within any site of employment or facility, (ii) there has not occurred a “mass layoff” (as defined in the WARN Act) in connection with Parent or any of its Subsidiaries affecting any site of employment or one or more facilities or operating units within any site of employment or facility and (iii) neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in layoffs or employment terminations sufficient in number to trigger application of any similar state, local or foreign law.
(d) Except as set forth on Section 5.13(d) of the Parent Disclosure Letter, with respect to any current or former employee, officer, consultant, or service provider of Parent, there are no Actions against Parent or any of its Subsidiaries pending, or to Parent’s knowledge, threatened to be brought or filed, in connection with the employment or engagement of any current or former employee, officer, consultant, or service provider of Parent, including, without limitation, any claim relating to employment discrimination, harassment, retaliation, equal pay, employment classification, contractor classification, wages, hours, and benefits or any other employment related matter arising under applicable Laws, except where such action would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in Parent incurring a material liability.
(e) Except as set forth on Section 5.13(e) of the Parent Disclosure Letter or with respect to any Parent Plan (which subject is addressed in Section 5.12 above), the execution of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions set forth in or contemplated by this Agreement will not result in any breach or violation of, or cause any payment to be made under, any applicable Laws respecting labor and employment or any collective bargaining agreement to which Parent or any of its Subsidiaries is a party.
(f) Since January 1, 2023, (i) no allegations of harassment or discrimination (with respect to any category protected by applicable law), retaliation on the basis of protected activity (including as a whistleblower) or protected class status in accordance with applicable law, or other misconduct related to the workplace have been made, filed or, to the knowledge of Parent, threatened against or involving Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective current
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directors or officers, (ii) to the knowledge of Parent, no incidents of any workplace related harassment discrimination, retaliation, or other misconduct have occurred and (iii) Parent has not entered into any settlement agreement related to allegations of such harassment, discrimination, retaliation, or other workplace related misconduct by any of their directors, officers or employees described in clause (i) hereof or any independent contractor.
(g) All employees of Parent are employed “at-will” or require no more than 30 days’ notice to terminate.
Section 5.14 Environmental Matters.
(a) Except as, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect, (i) Parent and its Subsidiaries have conducted its businesses in compliance with all, and have not violated any, applicable Environmental Laws; (ii) Parent and its Subsidiaries have obtained all Permits of all Governmental Entities and any other Person that are required under any Environmental Law; (iii) there has been no release of any Hazardous Substance by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or any other Person in any manner that has given or would reasonably be expected to give rise to any remedial or investigative obligation, corrective action requirement or liability of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries under applicable Environmental Laws; (iv) Parent and its Subsidiaries have not received any claims, notices, demand letters or requests for information (except for such claims, notices, demand letters or requests for information the subject matter of which has been resolved prior to the date of this Agreement) from any federal, state, local, foreign or provincial Governmental Entity or any other Person asserting that Parent or any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of, or liable under, any Environmental Law; (v) no Hazardous Substance has been disposed of, arranged to be disposed of, released or transported in violation of any applicable Environmental Law, or in a manner that has given rise to, or that would reasonably be expected to give rise to, any liability under any Environmental Law, in each case, on, at, under or from any current or former properties or facilities owned or operated by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or as a result of any operations or activities of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries at any location and, to the knowledge of Parent, Hazardous Substances are not otherwise present at or about any such properties or facilities in amount or condition that has resulted in or would reasonably be expected to result in liability to Parent or any of its Subsidiaries under any Environmental Law; and (vi) neither Parent or any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their properties or facilities are subject to, or are threatened to become subject to, any liabilities relating to any suit, settlement, court order, administrative order, regulatory requirement, judgment or claim asserted or arising under any Environmental Law or any agreement relating to environmental liabilities.
Section 5.15 Tax Matters.
(a) Parent and its Subsidiaries have (i) filed all income and other material Tax Returns required to be filed by or on behalf of it (taking into account any applicable extensions thereof) and all such Tax Returns are true, accurate and complete in all material respects; and (ii) paid in full (or caused to be timely paid in full) all material Taxes that are required to be paid by or with respect to it, whether or not such Taxes were shown as due on such Tax Returns.
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(b) All material Taxes not yet due and payable by Parent as of the date of the balance sheet included in the financial statements (including the related notes and schedules thereto) included (or incorporated by reference) in the Parent SEC Documents have been, in all respects, properly accrued in accordance with GAAP on the financial statements (including the related notes and schedules thereto) included (or incorporated by reference) in the Parent SEC Documents, and such financial statements (including the related notes and schedules thereto) included (or incorporated by reference) in the Parent SEC Documents reflect an adequate reserve (in accordance with GAAP) for all material Taxes accrued but unpaid by Parent through the date of such financial statements. Since the date of financial statements (including the related notes and schedules thereto) included (or incorporated by reference) in the Parent SEC Documents, neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has incurred, individually or in the aggregate, any liability for Taxes outside the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice other than Taxes incurred in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(c) Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has executed any waiver of any statute of limitations on, or extended the period for the assessment or collection of, any amount of Tax, in each case that has not since expired.
(d) No material Tax Action with respect to Taxes or any Tax Return of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries are presently in progress or have been asserted, threatened or proposed in writing and have not been satisfied by payment in full, settled or withdrawn, and to the knowledge of Parent, no such Tax Action is being contemplated. No deficiencies or claims for a material amount of Taxes have been claimed, proposed, assessed or asserted in writing against Parent or any of its Subsidiaries by a Governmental Entity, other than any such claim, proposal, assessment or assertion that has been satisfied by payment in full, settled or withdrawn.
(e) Subject to exceptions as would not be material, Parent and its Subsidiaries have timely withheld all Taxes required to have been withheld from payments made (or deemed made) to its employees, independent contractors, creditors, shareholders and other third parties and, to the extent required, such Taxes have been timely paid to the relevant Governmental Entity.
(f) Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in a “listed transaction” as set forth in Treasury Regulations § 1.6011-4(b)(2).
(g) Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries (i) is a party to or bound by, or has any liability pursuant to, any Tax sharing, allocation, indemnification or similar agreement or obligation other than any Ordinary Course Agreement; (ii) is or has been a member of a group (other than a group the common parent of which is Parent) filing a consolidated, combined, affiliated, unitary or similar income Tax Return; (iii) has liability for the Taxes of any Person (other than Parent or its Subsidiaries) pursuant to Treasury Regulations § 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local or non-United States Law) as a transferee or successor, by Contract, or otherwise by operation of Law; or (iv) is or has been treated as a resident for any income Tax purpose, or as subject to Tax by virtue of having a permanent establishment, an office or fixed place of business, in any country other than the country in which it was or is organized or incorporated.
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(h) No private letter rulings, technical advice memoranda, or similar material agreements or rulings have been requested, entered into or issued by any Governmental Entity with respect to Parent or any of its Subsidiaries which rulings remain in effect.
(i) Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries will be required to include any item of income in, or exclude any item of deduction from, taxable income for any taxable period (or portion thereof) ending after the Closing Date as a result of (i) a change in, or use of improper, method of accounting requested or initiated on or prior to the Closing Date, (ii) a “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any similar provision of Law) executed on or prior to the Closing Date, (iii) an installment sale or open transaction disposition made on or prior to the Closing Date, (iv) any prepaid amount received or deferred revenue accrued on or prior to the Closing Date, other than in respect of such amounts received in the ordinary course of business, or (v) to Parent’s knowledge, an intercompany transaction or excess loss amount described in Treasury Regulations under Section 1502 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provision of state, local or foreign income Tax Law).
(j) There are no liens for Taxes upon any of the assets of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries other than Liens described in clause (i) of the definition of Permitted Liens.
(k) Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has distributed stock of another Person or has had its stock distributed by another Person, in a transaction (or series of transactions) that was purported or intended to be governed in whole or in part by Sections 355 or 361 of the Code.
(l) Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has been a United States real property holding corporation, as defined in Section 897(c)(2) of the Code during the applicable period specified in Section 897(c)(1)(A)(ii) of the Code.
(m) No material claim has been made in writing by any Governmental Entity in a jurisdiction where Parent or any of its Subsidiaries does not currently file a Tax Return of a certain type or pay Taxes of a certain type that Parent is or may be subject to taxation by such jurisdiction of such type.
(n) There are no outstanding shares of Parent stock issued in connection with the performance of services (within the meaning of Section 83 of the Code) that immediately prior to the First Effective Time are subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture (as such terms are defined in Section 83 of the Code) for which a valid election under Section 83(b) of the Code has not been made.
(o) To Parent’s knowledge, neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has been, is, or immediately prior to the First Effective Time will be, treated as an “investment company” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(2)(F) of the Code.
(p) Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken, or failed to take, any action nor knows of any fact or circumstance that, in each case, could reasonably be expected to prevent or impede the Merger from qualifying as a transaction qualifying for the Intended Tax Treatment.
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For purposes of this Section 5.15, where the context permits, each reference to Parent shall include a reference to any person for whose Taxes Parent is liable under applicable Law.
Section 5.16 Contracts.
(a) Except for any Parent Plans (which are the subject of Section 5.12) and except as set forth in the Parent SEC Documents publicly available prior to the date of this Agreement, Parent is not a party to or bound by any “material contract” (as such term is defined in Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act) (all such contracts including those set forth in Section 5.16(b) of the Parent Disclosure Letter, “Parent Material Contracts”).
(b) Section 5.16(b) of the Parent Disclosure Letter lists the following contracts, which for the purposes of this Agreement shall be considered Parent Material Contracts:
(i) each Contract relating to any agreement for indemnification or guaranty not entered into in the ordinary course of business;
(ii) each Contract containing (A) any covenant prohibiting Parent, its Subsidiaries or the Surviving Entity from engaging in any line of business or competing with any Person, or limiting the development, manufacture or distribution of the Surviving Entity’s products or services (B) any most-favored pricing arrangement, (C) any exclusivity provision in favor of a third party or (D) any non-solicitation provision applicable to Parent or its Subsidiaries, in the case of the foregoing clause (D) which are material to Parent or its Subsidiaries, as applicable, taken as a whole;
(iii) each Contract relating to capital expenditures and requiring payments after the date of this Agreement pursuant to its express terms and not cancelable without penalty;
(iv) each Contract relating to the disposition or acquisition of material assets or any ownership interest in any Person;
(v) each Contract relating to any mortgages, indentures, loans, notes or credit agreements, security agreements or other agreements or instruments relating to the borrowing of money or extension of credit or creating any material Liens with respect to any assets of the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or any loans or debt obligations with officers or directors of the Parent;
(vi) each Contract requiring payment by or to the Parent after the date of this Agreement in excess of $100,000 pursuant to its express terms relating to: (A) any Contract involving a dealer, distributor, joint marketing, alliance, joint venture, cooperation, research and/or development (including pre-clinical and clinical research and/or development), material transfer, services (including technical writing and consulting), manufacturing, supply, distribution or other agreement relating to the research, development, testing, labeling, manufacturing, marketing, commercialization, or distribution of any product, technology or service, or any Contract pursuant to which any Intellectual Property is developed by or for Parent or (B) any Contract to license any patent, trademark registration, service mark registration, trade name or copyright registration to or from any third party to research, develop, test, label, manufacture, market, or produce any product, service or technology of the Parent or any Contract to sell, distribute or commercialize any products or services of the Parent;
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(vii) each license or other Contract pursuant to which Parent is or may become obligated to make any royalty, milestone or other similar contingent payment;
(viii) each Contract with any Person, including any financial advisor, broker, finder, investment banker or other Person, providing advisory services to the Parent in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby;
(ix) each Contract relating to leases of real properties with respect to which the Parent directly or indirectly holds a valid leasehold interest as well as any other real estate that is in the possession of or leased by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries;
(x) each Contract to which the Parent is a party or by which any of its assets and properties is currently bound, which involves annual obligations of payment by, or annual payments to, the Parent in excess of $500,000;
(xi) each Contract with any current or former employee, officer, director or consultant of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries that provides for severance, pay in lieu of notice, retention, change in control, or other separation or termination benefits (other than offer letters or similar agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business that provide solely for at-will employment and do not provide for severance, retention, change in control or other separation or termination benefits); and
(xii) any other Contract that is not terminable at will (without penalty or payment) by the Parent, and that is material to the business or operations of the Parent.
(c) (i) Each Parent Material Contract is valid and binding on Parent, and to the knowledge of Parent, each other party thereto, and is in full force and effect and enforceable in accordance with its terms; and (ii) Parent, and, to the knowledge of Parent, each other party thereto, has performed all material obligations required to be performed by it under each Parent Material Contract; and (iii) as of the date of this Agreement, Parent has not received any written notice of any material default under any Parent Material Contract by Parent or, to the knowledge of Parent, any other party thereto, and no event or condition has occurred that constitutes, or, after notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute, a material default on the part of Parent or, to the knowledge of Parent, any other party thereto under any such Parent Material Contract, nor has Parent received any notice of any such material default, event or condition. Parent has made available to the Company true and complete copies of all Parent Material Contracts, including all amendments thereto. Other than in connection with the Wind-Down Activities, no Person is renegotiating, or has a right pursuant to the terms of any Parent Material Contract to change, any material amount paid or payable by or to Parent under any Parent Material Contract or any other material term or provision of any Parent Material Contract. Except as set forth in Section 5.16(c) of the Parent Disclosure Letter, there are no Parent Material Contracts that are not in written form.
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Section 5.17 Insurance. Each of Parent and its Subsidiaries is covered by valid and currently effective insurance policies issued in favor of Parent or its Subsidiaries that are customary and adequate for companies of similar size in the industries and locations in which Parent and its Subsidiaries operate. Section 5.17 of the Parent Disclosure Letter sets forth, as of the date hereof, a true and complete list of all material insurance policies issued in favor of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, or pursuant to which Parent or any of its Subsidiaries is a named insured or otherwise a beneficiary, as well as any historic incurrence-based policies still in force. With respect to each such insurance policy, (a) such policy is in full force and effect and all premiums due thereon have been paid, (b) neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries is in breach or default, and has not taken any action or failed to take any action which (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) would constitute such a breach or default, or would permit termination or modification of, any such policy and (c) to the knowledge of Parent, no insurer issuing any such policy has been declared insolvent or placed in receivership, conservatorship or liquidation. No notice of cancellation or termination has been received with respect to any such policy, nor will any such cancellation or termination result from the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 5.18 Properties.
(a) Parent and its Subsidiaries has good and valid title to, or in the case of leased property and leased tangible assets, a valid leasehold interest in, all of its real properties and tangible assets that are necessary for Parent and its Subsidiaries to conduct its businesses as currently conducted, free and clear of all Liens other than Permitted Liens. Except as has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect, the tangible personal property currently used in the operation of the business of Parent and its Subsidiaries is in good working order (reasonable wear and tear excepted).
(b) Each of Parent and its Subsidiaries has complied with the terms of all leases to which it is a party, and all such leases are in full force and effect, except for any such noncompliance or failure to be in full force and effect that, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect. Each of Parent and its Subsidiaries enjoys peaceful and undisturbed possession under all such leases, except for any such failure to do so that, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect.
(c) Section 5.18(c) of the Parent Disclosure Letter sets forth a true and complete list of (i) all real property owned by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries and (ii) all real property leased for the benefit of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries.
(d) This Section 5.18 does not relate to intellectual property, which is the subject of Section 5.19.
Section 5.19 Intellectual Property.
(a) Section 5.19(a) of the Parent Disclosure Letter sets forth a true and complete list of all (i) patents and patent applications; (ii) trademark registrations and applications; and (iii) material copyright registrations and applications, in each case owned or licensed by Parent and its Subsidiaries (collectively, “Parent Registered IP”) and a true and complete list of all domain names owned or exclusively licensed by Parent and its Subsidiaries. Except as, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse
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Effect (i) all of the Parent Registered IP is subsisting and, solely in the case of any Parent Registered IP that is registered or issued and to the knowledge of Parent, valid and enforceable, (ii) no Parent Registered IP, is involved in any interference, reissue, derivation, reexamination, opposition, cancellation or similar proceeding and, to the knowledge of Parent, no such action is threatened with respect to any of the Parent Registered IP and (iii) Parent and its Subsidiaries own exclusively, free and clear of any and all Liens (other than Permitted Liens), all Parent Owned IP, including all Intellectual Property created on behalf of Parent or its Subsidiaries by employees or independent contractors.
(b) Parent and its Subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable measures to maintain the confidentiality of all information that constitutes or constituted a material Trade Secret of Parent and its Subsidiaries.
(c) Except as, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect, (i) to the knowledge of Parent, the conduct of the businesses of Parent and its Subsidiaries, including the manufacture, marketing, offering for sale, sale, importation, use or intended use or other disposal of any product as currently sold or under development by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, has not infringed, misappropriated or diluted, and does not infringe, misappropriate or dilute, any Intellectual Property of any Person, (ii) neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries have received any written notice or claim asserting or suggesting that any such infringement, misappropriation, or dilution is or may be occurring or has or may have occurred and (iii) to the knowledge of Parent, no Person is infringing, misappropriating, or diluting in any material respect any Parent Registered IP.
(d) Parent and its Subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable steps designed to protect the security of the computer and information technology systems owned by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries and used in the operation of its business as currently conducted (the “Parent IT Systems”) and protect the confidentiality and security of the information stored or contained therein or transmitted thereby. The Parent IT Systems are reasonably adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with, the operation of the businesses of Parent and its Subsidiaries as currently conducted, and since January 1, 2023, (i) there has been no material unauthorized or improper use, loss, access, transmittal, modification or corruption of any such information or data (including any ransomware or cyber-extortion event) and (ii) there have been no material failures, crashes, or viruses affecting the Parent IT Systems. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, Parent and its Subsidiaries maintain commercially reasonable backup, business continuity and disaster recovery plans and procedures with respect to the Parent IT Systems, and neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has paid any ransom or made any other payment to any threat actor in connection with any actual or threatened ransomware or cyber-extortion event.
(e) To the knowledge of Parent, Parent and its Subsidiaries have since January 1, 2023, complied in all material respects with all applicable Privacy Laws. Since January 1, 2023, no material claims have been asserted or, to the knowledge of Parent, threatened in writing against Parent or any of its Subsidiaries alleging a violation of any Person’s privacy or Personal Information. Neither this Agreement nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will breach or otherwise violate any Privacy Laws. The Parent and its Subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable steps designed to protect the Personal Information collected, used
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or held for use by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries against loss and unauthorized access, use, modification or disclosure, or other misuse. Parent and its Subsidiaries have contractually obligated all Data Processors to comply with applicable Privacy Laws and to take reasonable measures to protect Personal Information from unauthorized, access, use or disclosure. To the knowledge of Parent, no Data Processors have failed to comply with Privacy Laws with respect to the Personal Information processed on behalf of Parent or its Subsidiaries.
(f) To the knowledge of Parent, no government funding, facilities or resources of a university, college, other educational institution or research center or funding from third parties was used in the development of the Parent Owned IP or any Intellectual Property exclusively licensed to Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, and no Governmental Entity, university, college, other educational institution or research center has, to the knowledge of Parent, any claim or right in or to such Intellectual Property. Except as set forth on Section 5.19(f) of the Parent Disclosure Letter, the execution, delivery and performance by Parent of this Agreement, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not result in the loss of, or give rise to any right of any third party to terminate or modify any of the rights or obligations of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries under any agreement under which Parent or any of its Subsidiaries grants to any Person, or any Person grants to Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, a license or right under or with respect to any Intellectual Property that is material to any of the businesses of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries.
(g) Since January 1, 2023, to the knowledge of Parent, neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has (A) experienced any material Security Incident, (B) been required under any applicable Privacy Law or contractual obligation to notify any Person or Governmental Entity of any Security Incident, or made any such notification, or (C) received any written notice, request, complaint, subpoena, audit, inquiry or investigation from any Governmental Entity relating to the processing of Personal Information by or on behalf of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or Parent’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ compliance with any Privacy Law. Parent and its Subsidiaries have obtained all consents, authorizations and permissions from, and provided all notices to, individuals required in all material respects under applicable Privacy Laws for the collection, use, transfer and other processing of Personal Information as currently conducted by or on behalf of Parent and its Subsidiaries and no such consent, authorization or permission has been withdrawn in a manner that would materially impair the conduct of the businesses of Parent and its Subsidiaries. To the knowledge of Parent, all transfers of Personal Information by or on behalf of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries across national borders have been made in compliance in all material respects with applicable Privacy Laws, including pursuant to valid cross-border data transfer mechanisms where required.
Section 5.20 Related Party Transactions. Since January 1, 2024 through the date of this Agreement, there have been no transactions, agreements, arrangements or understandings between Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the Affiliates of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, on the other hand that would be required to be disclosed under Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act and that have not been so disclosed in the Parent SEC Documents.
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Section 5.21 Certain Payments. For the five (5) years immediately preceding the date hereof, neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective directors, executives, or employees, or to the knowledge of the Parent, representatives or agents (in each case, while acting for or on behalf of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries) (a) has used or is using any funds for any illegal contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity, (b) has used or is using any funds for any direct or indirect unlawful payments to any foreign or domestic governmental officials or employees, (c) has violated or is violating any provision of the FCPA, (d) has established or maintained, or is maintaining, any unlawful fund of corporate monies or other properties, or (e) has made any bribe, unlawful rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment of any nature. Parent further represents that it has maintained systems of internal controls (including, but not limited to, accounting systems, purchasing systems and billing systems) to promote compliance with the FCPA or any applicable other anti-corruption or anti-bribery Law. To the Parent’s knowledge, neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective directors, executives, representatives, agents or employees (in each case, in their capacities as such) are the subject of any allegation, voluntary disclosure, investigation, prosecution or other enforcement action related to the FCPA or any other anti-corruption Law.
Section 5.22 Trade Laws. Neither Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective directors, executives, employees, or, to the knowledge of the Parent, representatives or agents is a Sanctioned Person. Since April 24, 2019, Parent and its Subsidiaries are and have been in compliance with the Trade Laws and have obtained, satisfied the requirements of or are otherwise qualified to rely upon the Trade Approvals.
Section 5.23 CFIUS. Parent is not a “foreign person” within the meaning of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, including all implementing regulations thereof.
Section 5.24 Outbound Investment. (a) Parent either is (i) not a “person of a country of concern”; or (ii) not engaged in any “covered activity,” as these terms are defined in the Outbound Investment Security Program. (b) Parent has no current intention of becoming a “person of a country of concern” that engages in any “covered activity.” (c) Parent is not, and does not currently intend to become, a person that directly or indirectly holds a board seat or a voting or equity interest in, or any contractual power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of, any “covered foreign person” as defined in the Outbound Investment Security Program.
Section 5.25 Data Security Program. Parent is not a “covered person” as that term is defined in the DSP. Since April 8, 2025, Parent has not engaged in or directed any “covered data transaction,” as that term is defined in the DSP, except in full compliance with the DSP.
Section 5.26 Brokers. No broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other Person, other than Leerink Partners LLC, the fees and expenses of which will be paid by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, is entitled to any broker’s, finder’s, financial advisor’s or other similar fee or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Parent, any of its Subsidiaries or any of its Affiliates.
Section 5.27 Opinion of Financial Advisor. Parent Board has received the opinion of Leerink Partners LLC, dated as of the date of this Agreement, to the effect that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the qualifications, limitations, assumptions and other matters set forth therein, the Consideration (as defined in such opinion) to be received by holders of shares of Parent Common Stock pursuant to the Agreement is fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders. It is agreed and understood that such opinion is for the benefit of the Parent Board and may not be relied upon by the Company. Parent will make available to the Company a signed true and complete copy of such opinion promptly (and in no event later than two (2) days) following the date of this Agreement.
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Section 5.28 State Takeover Statutes. No Takeover Laws or any similar anti-takeover provision in the Certificate of Incorporation or bylaws of Parent applicable to Parent is, or at the First Effective Time will be, applicable to this Agreement, the Merger, the Parent Common Stock Issuance, or any of the other transactions contemplated hereby. The Parent Board and the board of directors or managing member, as applicable, of each Merger Sub have taken and will take all actions necessary to ensure that the restrictions applicable to business combinations contained in Section 203 of the DGCL are, and will be, inapplicable to the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Parent Support Agreements and to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Parent Support Agreements.
Section 5.29 No Other Representations or Warranties. Except for the representations and warranties contained in Article IV, each of Parent and Merger Sub acknowledges and agrees that none of the Company or any other Person on behalf of the Company makes any other express or implied representation or warranty whatsoever, and specifically (but without limiting the generality of the foregoing) that none of the Company, its Subsidiaries, or any other Person on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries makes any representation or warranty with respect to any projections or forecasts delivered or made available to Parent, Merger Sub or any of their respective Representatives of future revenues, results of operations (or any component thereof), cash flows or financial condition (or any component thereof) of the Company (including any such projections or forecasts made available to Parent, Merger Sub or any of their respective Representatives in certain “data rooms” or management presentations in expectation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement), and none of Parent or Merger Sub has relied on any such information or any representation or warranty not set forth in Article IV.
ARTICLE VI
COVENANTS
Section 6.1 Operation of Parent’s Business.
(a) Except as expressly contemplated or permitted by this Agreement, as required by applicable Law or unless the Company shall otherwise consent in writing (email being sufficient and which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned), during the period commencing on the date of this Agreement and continuing until the earlier to occur of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to Article IX and the First Effective Time (the “Pre-Closing Period”), Parent shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to, use commercially reasonable efforts to (x) conduct its business and operations in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice and in material compliance with the applicable Law and the requirements of all Contracts that constitute Parent Material Contracts and (y) continue to pay material outstanding accounts payable and other material current liabilities (including payroll) when due and payable.
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(b) Except (i) as expressly contemplated or permitted by this Agreement, (ii) as set forth in Section 6.1(b) of the Parent Disclosure Letter, (iii) as required by applicable Law or (iv) with the prior written consent of the Company (email being sufficient), at all times during the Pre-Closing Period, Parent shall not, nor shall it cause or permit any of its Subsidiaries to, do any of the following:
(i) declare, accrue, set aside or pay any dividend or make any other distribution in respect of any shares of its capital stock or repurchase, redeem or otherwise reacquire any shares of its capital stock or other securities (except for shares of Parent Common Stock from terminated employees, directors or consultants of Parent in accordance with agreements in effect on the date of this Agreement providing for the repurchase of shares at no more than the purchase price thereof in connection with any termination of services to Parent or any of its Subsidiaries);
(ii) sell, issue, grant, pledge or otherwise dispose of or encumber or authorize the issuance of: (A) any capital stock or other security (except for Parent Common Stock issued upon the valid exercise or settlement of outstanding Parent Options or Parent Restricted Stock Unit Awards as applicable or upon the exercise of purchase rights under the Parent ESPP), (B) any option, warrant or right to acquire any capital stock or any other security or (C) any instrument convertible into or exchangeable for any capital stock or other security;
(iii) except as required to give effect to anything in contemplation of the Closing, amend any of its organizational documents, or effect or be a party to any merger, consolidation, share exchange, business combination, recapitalization, reclassification of shares, stock split, reverse stock split or similar transaction except, for the avoidance of doubt, the transactions contemplated hereby;
(iv) form any Subsidiary or acquire any equity interest or other interest in any other entity or enter into a joint venture with any other entity;
(v) (A) lend money to any Person, (B) incur or guarantee any indebtedness for borrowed money, (C) guarantee any debt securities or others or (D) make any capital expenditure or commitment;
(vi) other than as required by applicable Law or the terms of any Parent Plan in effect as of the date of this Agreement: (A) adopt, establish or enter into any Parent Plan, including, for the avoidance of doubt, any equity award plans, (B) cause or permit any Parent Plan to be amended, other than as required by Law, (C) pay any bonus or make any profit-sharing or similar payment to (except with respect to obligations in place on the date of this Agreement pursuant to any Parent Plan), or increase the amount of the wages, salary, commissions, fringe benefits or other compensation or remuneration payable to, any of its employees, directors or consultants, (D) increase the severance or change of control, retention, or similar benefits offered to, or provide any new severance, change of control, retention or similar benefits to, any current or new employees, directors or consultants, or (E) hire, promote, or terminate (other than for cause) any officer, employee or consultant;
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(vii) terminate the employment of, or implement any layoff, furlough, reduction in force, job elimination or similar action affecting, any employees of Parent (other than terminations for cause), or take or permit any action (including any “plant closing” or “mass layoff” as those terms are defined in the WARN Act or any similar state, local or foreign law) that, either alone or when aggregated with the layoffs, terminations or other workforce reductions implemented by Parent during the ninety (90)-day period preceding the date of such action, would reasonably be expected to trigger any notice, liability or other obligation under the WARN Act or any similar state, local or foreign law;
(viii) enter into any material transaction outside the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice;
(ix) acquire any material asset or sell, lease, license or otherwise irrevocably dispose of any of its assets or properties, or grant any Lien with respect to such assets or properties;
(x) make (other than consistent with past practice), change or revoke any material Tax election; file any material amendment to any Tax Return; settle or compromise any material Tax claim; waive or extend any statute of limitations in respect of a period within which an assessment or reassessment of material Taxes may be issued (other than any extension pursuant to an extension to file any Tax Return); enter into any “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any similar Law) with any Governmental Entity; or adopt or change any material accounting method in respect of Taxes;
(xi) waive, settle or compromise any pending or threatened Action against Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, other than waivers, settlements or agreements (A) for an amount not in excess of $100,000 in the aggregate (excluding amounts to be paid under existing insurance policies or renewals thereof) and (B) that do not impose any material restrictions on the operations or businesses of Parent or its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or any equitable relief on, or the admission of wrongdoing by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries;
(xii) delay or fail to repay when due any material obligation, including accounts payable and accrued expenses, other than in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice;
(xiii) forgive any loans to any Person, including its employees, officers, directors or Affiliate;
(xiv) enter into any agreement to purchase or sell any interest in real property, grant any security interest in any real property, enter into any lease, sublease, license or other occupancy agreement with respect to any real property or alter, amend, modify, exercise any extension or expansion right under or violate or terminate any of the terms of any real property leases of Parent;
(xv) other than as required by Law or GAAP, take any action to change accounting policies or procedures;
(xvi) sell, assign, transfer, license, sublicense or otherwise dispose of any material Intellectual Property of the Parent (other than in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice);
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(xvii) terminate or modify in any material respect, or fail to exercise renewal rights with respect to, any material insurance policy;
(xviii) enter into, amend, terminate, or waive any material option or right under, any Parent Material Contract;
(xix) (A) materially change pricing or royalties or other payments set or charged by Parent or any of Subsidiaries to its customers or licensees or (B) agree to materially change pricing or royalties or other payments set or charged by Persons who have licensed Intellectual Property to Parent or any of its Subsidiaries;
(xx) (A) except as required by applicable Privacy Laws, materially amend or modify any of its published privacy policies or notices, or its practices with respect to the collection, use, transfer or other processing of Personal Information, in a manner that imposes material restrictions on the use of Personal Information by Parent, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their successors or (B) enter into any Contract that materially restricts Parent’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ (or any of their successors’) rights to use, transfer or otherwise process any Personal Information; or
(xxi) agree, resolve or commit to do any of the foregoing.
Nothing contained in this Agreement shall give the Company, directly or indirectly, the right to control or direct the operations of Parent prior to the First Effective Time. Prior to the First Effective Time, Parent shall exercise, consistent with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, complete unilateral control and supervision over its business operations.
(c) Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary (including the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.1), Parent may declare the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend.
(d) During the Pre-Closing Period, Parent shall, and shall cause its Affiliates to, except as the Company shall otherwise consent in writing (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned), undertake the activities to wind-down their businesses as set forth on Section 6.1(d) of the Parent Disclosure Letter (the “Wind-Down Activities”) as promptly as practicable after the date hereof.
Section 6.2 Operation of Company’s Business.
(a) Except as expressly contemplated or permitted by this Agreement (including actions in connection with the Concurrent Investment), as required by applicable Law or unless Parent shall otherwise consent in writing (email being sufficient and which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned), during the Pre-Closing Period, the Company shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to, use commercially reasonable efforts to conduct its business and operations in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice and in material compliance with the applicable Law and the requirements of all Contracts that constitute Material Contracts.
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(b) Except (i) as expressly contemplated or permitted by this Agreement, including the Subscription Agreement, (ii) as set forth in Section 6.2(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter, (iii) as required by applicable Law or (iv) with the prior written consent of Parent (email being sufficient and which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned), at all times during the Pre-Closing Period, the Company shall not, nor shall it cause or permit any of its Subsidiaries to, do any of the following:
(i) declare, accrue, set aside or pay any dividend or make any other distribution in respect of any shares of its capital stock or repurchase, redeem or otherwise reacquire any shares of its capital stock or other securities (except for shares of Company Common Stock from terminated employees, directors or consultants of the Company in accordance with agreements in effect on the date of this Agreement providing for the repurchase of shares at no more than the purchase price thereof in connection with any termination of services to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries);
(ii) other than grants of Company Options under the Company Equity Plan made in the ordinary course of business, sell, issue, grant, pledge or otherwise dispose of or encumber or authorize the issuance of: (A) any capital stock or other security (except for Company Common Stock issued upon the valid exercise or settlement of outstanding Company Options or the valid exercise of outstanding Company Warrants), (B) any option, warrant or right to acquire any capital stock or any other security or (C) any instrument convertible into or exchangeable for any capital stock or other security;
(iii) except as required to give effect to anything in contemplation of the Closing, amend any of its organizational documents, or effect or be a party to any merger, consolidation, share exchange, business combination, recapitalization, reclassification of shares, stock split, reverse stock split or similar transaction except, for the avoidance of doubt, the transactions contemplated hereby;
(iv) form any Subsidiary or acquire any equity interest or other interest in any other entity or enter into a joint venture with any other entity;
(v) (A) lend money to any Person, (B) incur or guarantee any indebtedness for borrowed money, (C) guarantee any debt securities or others or (D) make any capital expenditure or commitment for an amount not in excess of $50,000 in the aggregate;
(vi) terminate (other than for cause) any named executive officer;
(vii) enter into any material transaction outside the ordinary course of business;
(viii) acquire any material asset or sell, lease, license or otherwise irrevocably dispose of any of its assets or properties, or grant any Lien with respect to such assets or properties, in each case except in the ordinary course of business;
(ix) waive, settle or compromise any pending or threatened Action against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, other than waivers, settlements or agreements (A) for an amount not in excess of $100,000 in the aggregate (excluding amounts to be paid under existing insurance policies or renewals thereof) and (B) that do not impose any material restrictions on the operations or businesses of the Company or its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or any equitable relief on, or the admission of wrongdoing by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;
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(x) delay or fail to repay when due any material obligation, including accounts payable and accrued expenses, other than in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice;
(xi) forgive any loans to any Person, including its employees, officers, directors or Affiliate;
(xii) enter into any agreement to purchase or sell any interest in real property, grant any security interest in any real property, or alter, amend, modify, exercise any extension or expansion right under or violate or terminate any of the terms of any real property leases of the Company;
(xiii) other than as required by Law or GAAP, take any action to change accounting policies or procedures;
(xiv) sell, assign, transfer, license, sublicense or otherwise dispose of any material Intellectual Property of the Company (other than in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice);terminate or modify in any material respect, or fail to exercise renewal rights with respect to, any material insurance policy;
(xv) enter into, terminate or amend a Material Contract that would reasonably be expected to prevent or impede, interfere with, hinder or delay the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; or
(xvi) agree, resolve or commit to do any of the foregoing.
Nothing contained in this Agreement shall give Parent, directly or indirectly, the right to control or direct the operations of the Company prior to the First Effective Time. Prior to the First Effective Time, the Company shall exercise, consistent with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, complete unilateral control and supervision over its business operations.
Section 6.3 Access and Investigation.
(a) Subject to the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement, which the parties agree will continue in full force following the date of this Agreement, during the Pre-Closing Period, upon reasonable advance written notice, Parent, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other hand, shall and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such party’s Representatives to: (a) provide the other party and such other party’s Representatives with reasonable access during normal business hours to such party’s Representatives, personnel, property and assets and to all existing books, records, Tax Returns, work papers and other documents and information relating to such party and its Subsidiaries, (b) provide the other party and such other party’s Representatives with such copies of the existing books, records, Tax Returns, work papers, product data and other documents and information relating to such party and its Subsidiaries, and with such additional financial, operating and other data and information regarding such party and its Subsidiaries as the other party may reasonably request, (c) permit the
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other party’s officers and other employees to meet, upon reasonable notice and during normal business hours, with the chief financial officer and other officers and managers of such party responsible for such party’s financial statements and the internal controls of such party to discuss such matters as the other party may deem necessary and (d) make available to the other party copies of any material notice, report or other document filed with or sent to or received from any Governmental Entity in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby. Any investigation conducted by either Parent or the Company pursuant to this Section 6.3(a) shall be conducted in such manner as not to interfere unreasonably with the conduct of the business of the other party.
(b) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary in this Section 6.3(b), no access or examination contemplated by this Section 6.3(b) shall be permitted to the extent that it would require any party or its Subsidiaries (i) to waive the attorney-client privilege or attorney work product privilege, (ii) violate any applicable Law or (iii) breach such party’s confidentiality obligations to a third party; provided, that such party or its Subsidiary (A) shall be entitled to withhold only such information that may not be provided without causing such violation or waiver, (B) shall provide to the other party all related information that may be provided without causing such violation or waiver (including, to the extent permitted, redacted versions of any such information), (C) shall enter into such effective and appropriate joint-defense agreements or other protective arrangements as may be reasonably requested by the other party in order that all such information may be provide to the other party without causing such violation or waiver, and (D) in the case of subsection (iii) above, upon the other party’s reasonable request, such party shall use its reasonable efforts to obtain such third party’s consent to permit such other party access to such information, subject to appropriate confidentiality protections. In addition, no access or examination contemplated by this Section 6.3 shall be permitted to the extent that it would require any party or its Subsidiaries, except as otherwise expressly required by this Agreement, to provide information to the other party that relates to (1) the negotiation of this Agreement, (2) the amount of the Merger Consideration or the valuation of the other party in connection with this Agreement, the transactions contemplated hereby or any other financial or strategic alternatives considered by the board of directors of the other party, (3) any Acquisition Proposal (other than as may be required pursuant to Section 6.4(d)), (4) any process a party has conducted with any financial advisor or other communications with any Persons in connection therewith prior to the date hereof, or (5) any disputes between a party hereto or any of its Affiliates and another party hereto or any of its Affiliates.
Section 6.4 No Solicitation.
(a) Each of Parent and the Company agrees that, during the Pre-Closing Period, neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries shall, nor shall it or any of its Subsidiaries authorize any of its Representatives to, directly or indirectly: (i) solicit, initiate or knowingly encourage, induce or facilitate the communication, making, submission or announcement of any Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry or take any action that could reasonably be expected to lead to an Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry, (ii) furnish any nonpublic information regarding such party to any Person in connection with or in response to an Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry, (iii) engage in discussions or negotiations with any Person with respect to any Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry, (iv) approve, endorse or recommend any Acquisition Proposal (subject to Section 7.2 and Section 7.3), (v) execute or enter into any letter of intent or any Contract contemplating or otherwise relating to any Acquisition Transaction or (vi) publicly propose to do
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any of the foregoing; provided, that nothing in this Section 6.4 shall prohibit a party or its Representatives from engaging in ordinary course business discussions with, or responding to inquiries from, any Person, so long as such discussions or responses do not relate to an Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry or are not otherwise in breach of this Section 6.4.
(b) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 6.4 and subject to compliance with this Section 6.4, prior to obtaining the Parent Stockholder Approval, Parent may furnish nonpublic information regarding Parent and its Subsidiaries to, and enter into discussions or negotiations with, any Person in response to a bona fide written Acquisition Proposal by such Person which the Parent Board determines in good faith, after consultation with its financial advisors and outside legal counsel, constitutes, or is reasonably likely to result in, a Superior Offer (and is not withdrawn) if: (A) neither Parent nor any Representative of Parent shall have breached this Section 6.4, (B) the Parent Board concludes in good faith, after consulting with outside counsel, that the failure to take such action would reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with the Parent Board’s fiduciary duties under applicable Law, (C) at least one (1) Business Day prior to initially furnishing any such nonpublic information to, or enter into discussions with, such Person, (D) Parent receives from such Person an executed Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement and (E) at least one (1) Business Day prior to furnishing any such nonpublic information to such Person, Parent furnishes such nonpublic information to the Company (to the extent such information has not been previously furnished by Parent to the Company).
(c) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 6.4 and subject to compliance with this Section 6.4, prior to obtaining the Company Stockholder Approval, the Company may furnish nonpublic information regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries to, and enter into discussions or negotiations with, any Person in response to a bona fide written Acquisition Proposal by such Person which the Company Board determines in good faith, after consultation with its financial advisors and outside legal counsel, constitutes, or is reasonably likely to result in, a Superior Offer (and is not withdrawn) if: (A) neither the Company nor any Representative of the Company shall have breached this Section 6.4, (B) the Company Board concludes in good faith, after consulting with outside counsel, that the failure to take such action would reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with the Company Board’s fiduciary duties under applicable Law, (C) at least one (1) Business Day prior to initially furnishing any such nonpublic information to, or enter into discussions with, such Person, (D) the Company receives from such Person an executed Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement and (E) at least one (1) Business Day prior to furnishing any such nonpublic information to such Person, the Company furnishes such nonpublic information to Parent (to the extent such information has not been previously furnished by the Company to Parent).
(d) If any party or any Representative of such party receives an Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry at any time during the Pre-Closing Period, then such party shall promptly (and in no event later than one (1) Business Day after such party becomes aware of such Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry) notify the other party in writing of such Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry, which notification shall contain the details of such Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry (including the identity of the Person making or submitting such Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry, and the terms thereof). Such party shall keep the other party reasonably informed with respect to the status and terms of any such Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry and any material modification or material proposed modification thereto.
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(e) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each party acknowledges and agrees that, in the event any Representative of such party takes any action that, if taken by such party, would constitute a breach of this Section 6.4 by such party, the taking of such action by such Representative shall be deemed to constitute a breach of this Section 6.4 by such party for purposes of this Agreement.
(f) Each party shall immediately cease and cause to be terminated any existing discussions, negotiations and communications with any Person that relate to any Acquisition Proposal or Acquisition Inquiry as of the date of this Agreement and request the destruction or return of any nonpublic information provided to such Person as soon as reasonably practicable after the date of this Agreement (and in no event later than 24 hours).
Section 6.5 Notification of Certain Matters. During the Pre-Closing Period, each of the Company, on the one hand, and Parent, on the other hand, shall promptly notify the other (and, if in writing, furnish copies of) if any of the following occurs: (a) any notice or other communication is received from any Person alleging that the consent of such Person is or may be required in connection with any of the transactions contemplated hereby, (b) any Action against or involving or otherwise affecting such party or its Subsidiaries is commenced, or, to the knowledge of such party, threatened against such party or, to the knowledge of such party, any director, officer or employee of such party, (c) such party becomes aware of any inaccuracy in any representation or warranty made by such party in this Agreement or (d) the failure of such party to comply with any covenant or obligation of such party; in each case that could reasonably be expected to make the timely satisfaction of any of the conditions set forth in Article VIII, as applicable, impossible or materially less likely. No such notice shall be deemed to supplement or amend the Company Disclosure Letter or the Parent Disclosure Letter for the purpose of (x) determining the accuracy of any of the representations and warranties made by the Company or Parent in this Agreement or (y) determining whether any condition set forth in Article VIII has been satisfied. Any failure by either party to provide notice pursuant to this Section 6.5 shall not be deemed to be a breach for purposes of Section 8.2(b) and Section 8.3(b), as applicable, unless such failure to provide such notice was knowing and intentional.
Section 6.6 Parent Options. Prior to the Closing Date, the Parent Board shall have adopted appropriate resolutions and taken all other actions necessary and appropriate to provide that (i) the vesting and exercisability of each outstanding and unexpired, unexercised and unvested Parent Option shall be accelerated in full and (ii) all outstanding Parent OTM Options shall be cancelled for no consideration, in each case, effective as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time, contingent on the occurrence of the Closing Date.
Section 6.7 Parent Restricted Stock Unit Awards. Prior to the Closing Date, the Parent Board shall have adopted appropriate resolutions and taken all other actions necessary and appropriate to provide that (a) the vesting of each outstanding and unvested Parent Restricted Stock Unit Award shall be accelerated in full effective as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time, contingent on the occurrence of the Closing and (b) for each outstanding and unsettled Parent Restricted Stock Unit Award, the holder thereof shall receive, immediately prior to the First Effective Time, a number of shares of Parent Common Stock equal to the number of vested and unsettled shares of Parent Common Stock underlying such Parent Restricted Stock Unit Award. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Tax withholding obligations for each holder
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receiving shares of Parent Common Stock in accordance with the preceding sentence shall be satisfied by Parent withholding from issuance that number of shares of Parent Common Stock calculated by multiplying the maximum statutory withholding rate for such holder in connection with such issuance by the number of shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued in accordance with the preceding sentence, and rounding up to the nearest whole share and remitting such withholding in cash to the appropriate taxing authorities.
Section 6.8 Parent ESPP. As soon as reasonably practicable following the date of this Agreement, the Parent Board (or, if applicable, any committee thereof administering the Parent ESPP) shall adopt appropriate resolutions to provide that (a) no additional offering periods or purchase periods shall be commenced following or in addition to the offering period underway as of the date hereof under the Parent ESPP (the “Current Offering Period”), (b) no payroll deductions or other contributions shall be made or effected after the Current Offering Period with respect to the Parent ESPP after the date of such resolutions, and (c) the Current Offering Period shall be terminated and each Parent ESPP participant’s accumulated contributions under the Parent ESPP shall be returned to the participant in accordance with the terms of the Parent ESPP.
Section 6.9 Parent 401(k) Plan. Unless otherwise requested by the Company in writing at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the Closing Date, the Parent Board or an authorized committee thereof shall take (or cause to be taken) all actions to adopt such resolutions as may be necessary or appropriate to terminate, effective no later than the day prior to the Closing Date but subject to the Closing, any Parent Plan that contains a cash or deferred arrangement intended to qualify under Section 401(k) of the Code (a “Parent 401(k) Plan”). If Parent is required to terminate any Parent 401(k) Plan, then Parent shall provide to the Company prior to the Closing Date written evidence of the adoption by the Parent Board or an authorized committee thereof of resolutions authorizing the termination of such Parent 401(k) Plan (the form and substance of which shall be subject to the reasonable prior review and approval of the Company, not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed).
ARTICLE VII
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
Section 7.1 Registration Statement; Proxy Statement.
(a) As promptly as practicable (but in any event, no later than fifteen (15) Business Days after the date of this Agreement), (i) Parent shall prepare, and file with the SEC a proxy statement relating to the Parent Stockholders Meeting to be held in connection with the Merger (together with any amendments thereof or supplements thereto, the “Proxy Statement”) and (ii) Parent, in cooperation with the Company, shall prepare and file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-4 (the “Form S-4”), in which the Proxy Statement shall be included as a part (the Proxy Statement and the Form S-4, collectively, the “Registration Statement”), in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of the shares of Parent Common Stock (including any Parent Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Assumed Warrants) to be issued by virtue of the Merger, other than any shares of Parent Common Stock which are not permitted to be registered on Form S-4 pursuant to applicable Law. Parent shall use its reasonable best efforts to (i) cause the Registration Statement to comply with the applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, (ii) cause the Registration Statement to become effective as promptly as
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practicable, and (iii) respond promptly to any comments or requests of the SEC or its staff relating to the Registration Statement. Parent shall take all or any action required under any applicable federal, state, securities and other Laws in connection with the issuance of shares of Parent Common Stock pursuant to the Merger (including any Parent Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Assumed Warrants). Each of the parties shall reasonably cooperate with the other party and furnish all information concerning itself and their Affiliates, as applicable, to the other parties that is required by law to be included in the Registration Statement as the other parties may reasonably request in connection with such actions and the preparation of the Registration Statement.
(b) Parent covenants and agrees that the Registration Statement (and the letter to stockholders, notice of meeting and form of proxy included therewith) will (i) comply as to form in all material respects with the requirements of applicable U.S. federal securities laws and the DGCL, and (ii) will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company covenants and agrees that the information supplied by or on behalf of the Company, concerning itself, to Parent for inclusion in the Registration Statement (including the Company Interim Financial Statements) will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make such information, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither party makes any covenant, representation or warranty with respect to statements made in the Registration Statement (and the letter to stockholders, notice of meeting and form of proxy included therewith), if any, based on information provided by the other party or any of their Representatives regarding such other party or its Affiliates for inclusion therein.
(c) Parent shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Proxy Statement to be mailed to Parent’s stockholders as promptly as practicable after the Registration Statement is declared effective under the Securities Act.
(d) If at any time before the Effective Time (i) any party (A) becomes aware of any event or information that, pursuant to the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, should be disclosed in an amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, (B) receives notice of any SEC request for an amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or for additional information related thereto, or (C) receives SEC comments on the Registration Statement, or (ii) the information provided in the Registration Statement has become “stale” and new information should be disclosed in an amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement; then, in each case such party, as the case may be, shall promptly inform the other parties thereof and shall cooperate with such other parties in filing such amendment or supplement with the SEC (and, if appropriate, in mailing such amendment or supplement to the Parent stockholders) or otherwise addressing such SEC request or comments and each party shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to cause any such amendment to become effective, if required. Parent shall promptly notify the Company if it becomes aware (1) that the Registration Statement has become effective, (2) of the issuance of any stop order or suspension of the qualification or registration of the Parent Common Stock issuance in connection with the Merger for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or (3) any order of the SEC related to the Registration Statement, and shall promptly provide to the Company copies of all written correspondence between it or any of its Representatives, on the one hand, and the SEC or staff of the SEC, on the other hand, with respect to the Registration Statement and all orders of the SEC relating to the Registration Statement.
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(e) The Company shall reasonably cooperate with Parent and provide, and cause its Representatives to provide, Parent and its Representatives, with all true, correct and complete information regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries that is required by law to be included in the Registration Statement or reasonably requested by Parent to be included in the Registration Statement. Without limiting the Company’s obligations in Section 7.1(a), the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to cause to be delivered to Parent a letter of the Company’s independent accounting firm, dated no more than two (2) Business Days before the date on which the Registration Statement becomes effective (and reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to Parent), that is customary in scope and substance for letters delivered by independent public accountants in connection with registration statements similar to the Registration Statement.
(f) The Company and its legal counsel shall be given reasonable opportunity to review and comment on the Registration Statement, including all amendments and supplements thereto, prior to the filing thereof with the SEC, and on the response to any comments of the SEC on the Registration Statement, prior to the filing thereof with the SEC. No filing of, or amendment or supplement to, the Registration Statement will be made by Parent, and no filing of, or amendment or supplement to, the Registration Statement will be made by Parent, in each case, without the prior consent of the Company, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.
(g) As promptly as reasonably practicable following the date of this Agreement (but in any event, no later than fifteen (15) Business Days after the date of this Agreement), the Company will furnish to Parent draft audited financial statements (which shall be final in every respect except for the auditor’s signature in the audit opinion which shall only be included upon filing of the Form S-4 as provided above) for each of its fiscal years required to be included in the Registration Statement (the “Company Audited Financial Statements” ) and, following the date of this Agreement, the Company will furnish to Parent unaudited interim financial statements for each interim period completed prior to Closing that would be required to be included in the Registration Statement or any periodic report due prior to the Closing if the Company were subject to the periodic reporting requirements under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. The Company Audited Financial Statements will be prepared in accordance with GAAP as applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (except in each case as described in the notes thereto and except, in the case of any unaudited financial statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments) and on that basis will present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position and the results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of the Company as of the dates of and for the periods referred to in the Company Audited Financial Statements or the Company Interim Financial Statements, as the case may be.
Section 7.2 Company Stockholder Approval.
(a) Promptly after the Registration Statement has been declared effective under the Securities Act, and in any event no later than two (2) Business Days thereafter, the Company shall solicit for approval the Company Stockholder Approval. Under no circumstances shall the Company assert that any other approval or consent is necessary by its stockholders to approve this Agreement and the transactions contemplated herein.
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(b) Reasonably promptly following receipt of the Company Stockholder Approval, the Company shall prepare and mail the Registration Statement (or a portion thereof) constituting a notice of the transactions contemplated hereby and of the Company Stockholder Approval) to each stockholder of the Company that did not execute the Company Stockholder Approval (the “Stockholder Notice”). The Stockholder Notice shall (i) be a statement to the effect that the Company Board determined that the Merger is advisable in accordance with Section 251(b) of the DGCL and in the best interests of the stockholders of the Company and approved and adopted this Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and (ii) provide the stockholders of the Company to whom it is sent with notice of the availability of appraisal rights and notice of the actions taken in the Company Stockholder Approval, including the adoption and approval of this Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby in accordance with Sections 228(e) and 262 of the DGCL and the organizational documents of the Company. All materials (including any amendments thereto) submitted to the stockholders of the Company in accordance with this Section 7.2(b) shall be subject to Parent’s advanced review and reasonable approval.
(c) The Company agrees that: (i) the Company Board shall recommend that the Company’s stockholders vote to adopt and approve this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to solicit such approval within the time set forth in Section 7.2(a) (the recommendation of the Company Board that the Company’s stockholders vote to adopt and approve this Agreement being referred to as the “Company Board Recommendation”) and (ii) subject to Section 7.2(d), the Company Board Recommendation shall not be withdrawn or modified (and the Company Board shall not publicly propose to withdraw or modify the Company Board Recommendation) in a manner adverse to Parent, and no resolution by the Company Board or any committee thereof to withdraw or modify the Company Board Recommendation in a manner adverse to Parent or to adopt, approve or recommend (or publicly adopt, approve or recommend) any Acquisition Proposal shall be adopted or proposed (the actions set forth in this clause (ii), collectively, a “Company Board Adverse Recommendation Change”).
(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 7.2(c), and subject to compliance with Section 6.4 and this Section 7.2, at any time prior to obtaining the Company Stockholder Approval, (i) if the Company receives a bona fide written Superior Offer or (ii) as a result of a Company Intervening Event, the Company Board may make a Company Board Adverse Recommendation Change if, but only if (i) in the case of a Superior Offer, following the receipt of and on account of such Superior Offer, (1) the Company Board determines in good faith, after consulting with outside legal counsel, that the failure to withhold, amend, withdraw or modify such recommendation would reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable Law, (2) the Company has, and has caused its financial advisors and outside legal counsel to, during the Company Notice Period, negotiate with Parent in good faith to make such adjustments to the terms and conditions of this Agreement so that such Acquisition Proposal ceases to constitute a Superior Offer (to the extent Parent desires to negotiate) and (3) if after Parent shall have delivered to the Company an irrevocable written offer to alter the terms or conditions of this Agreement during the Company Notice Period, the Company Board
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shall have determined in good faith, based on the advice of its outside legal counsel, that the failure to withhold, amend, withdraw or modify the Company Board Recommendation would reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable Law (after taking into account such alterations of the terms and conditions of this Agreement); provided that (x) Parent receives written notice from the Company confirming that the Company Board has determined to change its recommendation at least four (4) Business Days in advance of the Company Board Adverse Recommendation Change (the “Company Notice Period”), which notice shall include a description in reasonable detail of the reasons for such Company Board Adverse Recommendation Change, and written copies of any relevant proposed transaction agreements with any party making a potential Superior Offer, (y) during any Company Notice Period, Parent shall be entitled to deliver to the Company one or more counterproposals to such Acquisition Proposal and the Company will, and cause its Representatives to, negotiate with Parent in good faith (to the extent Parent desires to negotiate) to make such adjustments in the terms and conditions of this Agreement so that the applicable Acquisition Proposal ceases to constitute a Superior Offer and (z) in the event of any material amendment to any Superior Offer (including any revision in the amount, form or mix of consideration or percentage of the combined company that the Company’s stockholders would receive as a result of such potential Superior Offer), the Company shall be required to provide Parent with notice of such material amendment and the Company Notice Period shall be extended, if applicable, to ensure that at least two (2) Business Days remain in the Company Notice Period following such notification during which the parties shall comply again with the requirements of this Section 7.2(d) and the Company Board shall not make a Company Board Adverse Recommendation Change prior to the end of such Company Notice Period as so extended (it being understood that there may be multiple extensions) or (ii) in the case of a Company Intervening Event, following the receipt of and on account of such Company Intervening Event, (1) the Company Board determines in good faith, after consulting with outside legal counsel, that the failure to make a Company Board Adverse Recommendation Change would reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable Law, and (2) the Company promptly notifies Parent, in writing, at least four (4) Business Days before making a Company Board Adverse Recommendation Change in respect of such Company Intervening Event (which four (4) Business Day period shall be subject to extension on the same basis as the Company Notice Period in the case of a Superior Offer, mutatis mutandis), which notice shall state expressly the material facts and circumstances related to the applicable Company Intervening Event and that the Company Board intends to make a Company Board Adverse Recommendation Change, and (3) during such notice period, the Company shall, and shall cause its Representatives to, negotiate with Parent in good faith (to the extent Parent desires to negotiate) regarding any adjustments to the terms of this Agreement proposed by Parent in response to such Company Intervening Event, on terms and mechanics reciprocal to those set forth in Section 7.3(c) with respect to a Parent Intervening Event.
Section 7.3 Parent Stockholders’ Meeting.
(a) Parent shall take all action necessary under applicable Law to call, give notice of and hold a meeting of the holders of Parent Common Stock (the “Parent Stockholder Meeting”) to present one or more proposals to the stockholders in order to obtain the Parent Stockholder Approval (the “Parent Stockholder Proposals”). The Parent Stockholder Meeting shall be held as promptly as practicable after the Registration Statement is declared effective under the Securities Act, and in any event no later than forty-five (45) days after the effective date of the
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Registration Statement. Parent shall take reasonable measures to ensure that all proxies solicited in connection with the Parent Stockholder Meeting are solicited in compliance with all applicable Law. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if on the date of the Parent Stockholder Meeting, or a date preceding the date on which the Parent Stockholder Meeting is scheduled, Parent reasonably believes that (i) it will not receive proxies sufficient to obtain the Parent Stockholder Approval, whether or not a quorum would be present or (ii) it will not have sufficient shares of Parent Common Stock represented (whether in person or by proxy) to constitute a quorum necessary to conduct the business of the Parent Stockholder Meeting, Parent may postpone or adjourn, or make one or more successive postponements or adjournments of, the Parent Stockholder Meeting as long as the date of the Parent Stockholder Meeting is not postponed or adjourned by more than an aggregate of thirty (30) days in connection with any postponements or adjournments. If the Final Parent Net Cash has not been determined in accordance with and pursuant to Section 3.6 prior to the date on which the Parent Stockholder Meeting is scheduled, Parent will postpone or adjourn, or make one or more successive postponements or adjournments of, the Parent Stockholder Meeting; provided, however, that (x) any single postponement or adjournment pursuant to this sentence shall not exceed five (5) Business Days, and (y) the date of the Parent Stockholder Meeting shall not be postponed or adjourned by more than an aggregate of thirty (30) calendar days; provided, further, that in no event shall the Parent Stockholder Meeting be postponed or adjourned to a date that is later than the fifth (5th) Business Day prior to the End Date.
(b) Parent agrees that, subject to Section 7.3(c), (i) the Parent Board shall recommend that the holders of Parent Common Stock vote to approve the Parent Stockholder Proposals and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to solicit such approval within the timeframe set forth in Section 7.3(a) above and (ii) the Proxy Statement shall include a statement to the effect that the Parent Board recommends that Parent’s stockholders vote to approve the Parent Stockholder Proposal (the recommendation of the Parent Board being referred to as the “Parent Board Recommendation”) and (iii) the Parent Board Recommendation shall not be withheld, amended, withdrawn or modified (and the Parent Board shall not publicly propose to withhold, amend, withdraw or modify the Parent Board Recommendation) in a manner adverse to the Company, and no resolution by the Parent Board or any committee thereof to withdraw or modify the Parent Board Recommendation in a manner adverse to the Company or to adopt, approve or recommend (or publicly propose to adopt, approve or recommend) any Acquisition Proposal shall be adopted or proposed (the actions set forth in the foregoing clause (iii), collectively, a “Parent Board Adverse Recommendation Change”).
(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 7.3(b), and subject to compliance with Section 6.4 and Section 7.3, at any time prior to the approval of the Parent Stockholder Proposal by the Parent Stockholder Approval, (i) if Parent receives a bona fide written Superior Offer or (ii) as a result of a material development or change in circumstances (other than any such event, development or change to the extent related to (A) any Acquisition Proposal, Acquisition Inquiry, Acquisition Transaction or the consequences thereof or (B) the fact, in and of itself, that Parent meets or exceeds internal budgets, plans or forecasts of its revenues, earnings or other financial performance or results of operations) that affects the business, assets or operations of Parent that occurs or arises after the date of this Agreement (a “Parent Intervening Event”), the Parent Board may make a Parent Board Adverse Recommendation Change if, but only if (i) in the case of a Superior Offer, following the receipt of and on account of such Superior
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Offer, (1) the Parent Board determines in good faith, after consulting with outside legal counsel, that the failure to withhold, amend, withdraw or modify such recommendation would reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable Law, (2) Parent has, and has caused its financial advisors and outside legal counsel to, during the Parent Notice Period, negotiate with the Company in good faith to make such adjustments to the terms and conditions of this Agreement so that such Acquisition Proposal ceases to constitute a Superior Offer (to the extent the Company desires to negotiate) and (3) if after the Company shall have delivered to Parent an irrevocable written offer to alter the terms or conditions of this Agreement during the Parent Notice Period, the Parent Board shall have determined in good faith, based on the advice of its outside legal counsel, that the failure to withhold, amend, withdraw or modify the Parent Board Recommendation would reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable Law (after taking into account such alterations of the terms and conditions of this Agreement); provided that (x) the Company receives written notice from Parent confirming that the Parent Board has determined to change its recommendation at least four (4) Business Days in advance of the Parent Board Adverse Recommendation Change (the “Parent Notice Period” ), which notice shall include a description in reasonable detail of the reasons for such Parent Board Adverse Recommendation Change, and written copies of any relevant proposed transaction agreements with any party making a potential Superior Offer, (y) during any Parent Notice Period, the Company shall be entitled to deliver to Parent one or more counterproposals to such Acquisition Proposal and Parent will, and cause its Representatives to, negotiate with the Company in good faith (to the extent the Company desires to negotiate) to make such adjustments in the terms and conditions of this Agreement so that the applicable Acquisition Proposal ceases to constitute a Superior Offer and (z) in the event of any material amendment to any Superior Offer (including any revision in the amount, form or mix of consideration or percentage of the combined company that Parent’s stockholders would receive as a result of such potential Superior Offer), Parent shall be required to provide the Company with notice of such material amendment and the Parent Notice Period shall be extended, if applicable, to ensure that at least two (2) Business Days remain in the Parent Notice Period following such notification during which the parties shall comply again with the requirements of this Section 7.3(c) and the Parent Board shall not make a Parent Board Adverse Recommendation Change prior to the end of such Parent Notice Period as so extended (it being understood that there may be multiple extensions) or (ii) in the case of a Parent Intervening Event, Parent promptly notifies the Company, in writing, within the Parent Notice Period before making a Parent Board Adverse Recommendation Change, which notice shall state expressly the material facts and circumstances related to the applicable Parent Intervening Event and that the Parent Board intends to make a Parent Board Adverse Recommendation Change.
(d) Unless this Agreement is validly terminated pursuant to Section 9.1(j), Parent’s obligation to call, give notice of and hold the Parent Stockholder Meeting in accordance with Section 7.3(a) shall not be limited to or otherwise affected by the commencement, disclosure, announcement or submission of any Superior Offer or Acquisition Proposal, or by any withdrawal or modification of the Parent Board Recommendation or any Parent Board Adverse Recommendation Change.
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(e) Nothing contained in this Agreement shall prohibit Parent or the Parent Board from complying with Rules 14d-9 and 14e-2(a) promulgated under the Exchange Act; provided, however, that any disclosure made by Parent or the Parent Board pursuant to Rules 14d- 9 and 14e-2(a) shall be limited to a statement that Parent is unable to take a position with respect to the bidder’s tender offer unless the Parent Board determines in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel, that such statement would reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable Law.
Section 7.4 Efforts; Regulatory Approvals; Transaction Litigation.
(a) The parties shall use commercially reasonable efforts to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each party: (i) shall promptly as practicable and in any event no more than ten (10) Business Days after the date of this Agreement, make or cause to be made any filings required by each of them or any of their respective Affiliates under the HSR Act, (ii) shall file or otherwise submit, as soon as practicable after the date of this Agreement, all applications, notices, reports and other documents reasonably required to be filed by such party with or otherwise submitted by such party to any other Governmental Entity, (iii) shall make all other filings and other submissions (if any) and give all notices (if any) required to be made and given by such party in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, (iv) shall submit promptly any additional information requested by any such Governmental Entity, (v) shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain each consent (if any) reasonably required to be obtained (pursuant to any applicable law or Contract, or otherwise) by such party in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby or for such Contract to remain in full force and effect, (vi) shall use commercially reasonable efforts to lift any injunction prohibiting, or any other legal bar to, the transactions contemplated hereby and (vii) shall use commercially reasonable efforts to satisfy the conditions precedent to the consummations of this Agreement.
(b) In furtherance and not in limitation of the foregoing, each of the parties hereto shall (and shall cause their respective Subsidiaries to) (i) promptly cooperate in all respects with each other, and consult each other in good faith, in connection with any necessary, proper or advisable submissions, consents, approvals, filings, petitions, statements, licenses, permits, authorizations, declarations, notifications, registrations, submissions of information, applications, reports, waivers, exemptions, clearances, orders, confirmations and other documents with the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) or any other Governmental Entity, (ii) keep the other parties hereto informed in all material respects and on a reasonably timely basis of any material communication received by such party from, or given by such party to, the FTC, the DOJ or any other Governmental Entity, (iii) subject to applicable Laws, and to the extent reasonably practicable, promptly consult with the other parties hereto with respect to information relating to the other parties hereto and their respective Subsidiaries, as the case may be, that appears in any filing made with, or written materials submitted to, any third Person or the FTC, the DOJ or any other Governmental Entity other than “Item 4 Documents,” as that term is used in the rules and regulations under the HSR Act, and (iv) to the extent permitted by the FTC, the DOJ or such other applicable Governmental Entity, promptly give the other parties hereto the opportunity to attend and participate in such meetings and conferences (whether in person, by telephone or otherwise); provided that documents provided pursuant to this provision may be (A) redacted as necessary to comply with contractual arrangements, to remove references to valuation of the Company or to preserve legal privilege and (B) subject to an appropriate confidentiality agreement, be disclosed only to outside counsel and outside consultants retained by such counsel.
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(c) Both parties agree that they shall not, and shall not permit any of their respective controlled Affiliates to, directly or indirectly, acquire or agree to acquire any material equity or assets (including exclusive licenses) of any Person, if the entering into of an agreement relating to or the consummation of such acquisition would reasonably be expected to (i) materially delay the expiration or termination of any applicable waiting period or materially delay the obtaining of any authorization, consent, clearance, approval or order of a Governmental Entity necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including any approvals and expiration of waiting periods pursuant to the HSR Act or any other applicable Laws, or (ii) otherwise materially impede, delay or prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(d) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Parent shall give the Company prompt (but not later than within two (2) Business Days) written notice of any “demand letter” or any litigation initiated, or threatened in writing against Parent and/or its directors relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby (the “Transaction Litigation”) (including by providing copies of all pleadings with respect thereto) and keep the Company reasonably informed with respect to the status thereof. Parent will (i) give the Company the opportunity to participate in the defense, settlement or prosecution of any Transaction Litigation, (ii) consult with the Company with respect to the defense, settlement and prosecution of any Transaction Litigation, (iii) consider in good faith the Company’s advice with respect to such Transaction Litigation and (iv) will not settle or consent or agree to settle or compromise any Transaction Litigation without the Company’s prior written consent (which such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). Without otherwise limiting the rights of current or former directors and officers of Parent with regard to the right to counsel, following the Effective Time, current or former directors and officers of Parent with rights to indemnification as described in Section 7.5 shall be entitled to retain any counsel selected by such indemnified parties to defend any Transaction Litigation as it relates to such indemnified parties.
Section 7.5 Indemnification, Exculpation and Insurance.
(a) From the First Effective Time through the sixth (6th) anniversary of the date on which the First Effective Time occurs, each of Parent and the Surviving Entity shall, jointly and severally, indemnify and hold harmless each Person who is now, or has been at any time prior to the date hereof, or who becomes prior to the First Effective Time, a director or officer of Parent or the Company, respectively (the “D&O Indemnified Parties”), against all demands, claims, losses, liabilities, settlements, damages, judgments, fines and reasonable fees, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees and disbursements, and such D&O Indemnified Party shall be entitled to advancement of fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with claim, Action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, arising out of or pertaining to the fact that the D&O Indemnified Party is or was a director or officer of Parent or of the Company, whether asserted or claimed prior to, at or after the First Effective Time, in each case to the fullest extent permitted under the DGCL, from each of Parent and the Surviving Entity, jointly and severally, upon receipt by Parent or the Surviving Entity from the D&O Indemnified Party of a written request therefor; provided, that any such D&O Indemnified Party to whom expenses are advanced provides an undertaking to Parent, to the extent then required by the DGCL, to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that such D&O Indemnified Party is not entitled to indemnification. Such undertaking, if required, shall be unsecured and made
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without reference to the D&O Indemnified Party’s ability to repay such advances or ultimate entitlement to indemnification. No other form of undertaking shall be required. All rights to indemnification, exculpation and advancement of expenses or other protection in respect of any claim asserted or made, and for which a D&O Indemnified Party delivers a written notice to Parent or the Surviving Entity prior to the sixth (6th) anniversary of the First Effective Time asserting a claim for such protections pursuant to this Section 7.5, shall continue until the final disposition of such claim. The provisions of the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Parent with respect to indemnification, advancement of expenses and exculpation of present and former directors and officers of Parent that are presently set forth in the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Parent shall not be amended, modified or repealed for a period of six (6) years from the First Effective Time in a manner that would adversely affect the rights thereunder of individuals who, at or prior to the First Effective Time, were officers or directors of Parent, unless such modification is required by applicable Law. The certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Surviving Entity shall contain, and Parent shall cause the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Surviving Entity to so contain, provisions no less favorable with respect to indemnification, advancement of expenses and exculpation of present and former directors and officers as those presently set forth in the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Parent or the Company.
(b) From and after the First Effective Time, (i) Parent or the Surviving Entity shall assume, fulfill and honor in all respects the obligations of the Company to its D&O Indemnified Parties pursuant to any indemnification provisions under the Company’s organizational documents and pursuant to any indemnification agreements between the Company and such D&O Indemnified Parties, in each case, as in effect immediately prior to Closing, with respect to demands, claims, Actions, suits, proceedings or investigations whether asserted or claimed prior to, at or after the First Effective Time, arising out of matters occurring at or prior to the First Effective Time and (ii) Parent shall fulfill and honor in all respects the existing obligations of Parent to its D&O Indemnified Parties pursuant to any indemnification provisions under Parent’s organizational documents and pursuant to any indemnification agreements between Parent and such D&O Indemnified Parties, in each case, as in effect immediately prior to Closing, with respect to demands, claims, Actions, suits, proceedings or investigations whether asserted or claimed prior to, at or after the First Effective Time, arising out of matters occurring at or prior to the First Effective Time.
(c) From and after the First Effective Time, Parent shall maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies, with an effective date as of the Closing Date, on commercially reasonable terms and conditions and with coverage limits customary for U.S. public companies similarly situated to Parent. In addition, Parent shall purchase, prior to the First Effective Time, a six-year prepaid “D&O tail policy” for the non-cancellable extension of the directors’ and officers’ liability coverage of Parent’s existing directors’ and officers’ insurance policies for a claims reporting or discovery period of at least six years from and after the First Effective Time with terms, conditions, exclusions, retentions and limits of liability that are no less favorable than the coverage provided under Parent’s existing policies as of the date of this Agreement with respect to any actual or alleged error, misstatement, misleading statement, act, omission, neglect, breach of duty or any matter claimed against a director or officer of Parent by reason of him or her serving in such capacity that existed or occurred at or prior to the First Effective Time (including in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby or in connection with Parent’s initial public offering of shares of Parent Common Stock).
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(d) From and after the First Effective Time, Parent shall pay all expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, including in advance (subject to the advancement requirements set forth in Section 7.5(a)), that are incurred by the persons referred to in this Section 7.5 in connection with their enforcement of the rights provided to such persons in this Section 7.5.
(e) The provisions of this Section 7.5 are intended to be in addition to the rights otherwise available to the D&O Indemnified Parties by Law, charter, statute, bylaw or agreement, and shall operate for the benefit of, and shall be enforceable by, each of the D&O Indemnified Parties, their heirs and their Representatives.
(f) In the event Parent or the Surviving Entity or any of their respective successors or assigns (i) consolidates with or merges into any other Person and shall not be the continuing or surviving company or entity of such consolidation or merger or (ii) transfers all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any Person, then, and in each such case, proper provision shall be made so that the successors and assigns of Parent or the Surviving Entity, as the case may be, shall succeed to the obligations set forth in this Section 7.5. Parent shall cause the Surviving Company to perform all of the obligations of the Surviving Company under this Section 7.5.
(g) Nothing in this Section 7.5 is intended to, shall be construed to or shall release, waive or impair any coverage or rights under any directors’ and officers’ liability insurance or any other insurance coverage available to Parent, the Company or the Surviving Entity, it being understood and agreed that the indemnification provided for in this Section 7.5 is excess of and not in substitution for any coverage under such policies.
Section 7.6 Section 16 Matters. Prior to the First Effective Time, each of Parent and the Company shall take all such steps as may be necessary or appropriate to cause the acquisitions of Parent Common Stock (including derivative securities with respect to such Parent Common Stock) resulting from the transactions contemplated by this Agreement by each individual who will become subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act with respect to Parent to be exempt under Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act.
Section 7.7 Disclosure. The parties shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to agree to the text of any initial press release and Parent’s Form 8-K announcing the execution and delivery of this Agreement. Without limiting any party’s obligations under the Confidentiality Agreement, no party shall, and no party shall permit any of its Subsidiaries or any of its Representatives to, issue any press release or make any disclosure (to any customers or employees of such party, to the public or otherwise) regarding the transactions contemplated hereby unless (a) the other party shall have approved such press release or disclosure in writing, such approval not to be unreasonably conditioned, withheld or delayed; or (b) such party shall have determined in good faith, upon the advice of outside legal counsel, that such disclosure is requited by applicable Law and, to the extent practicable, before such press release or disclosure is issued or made, such party advises the other party of, and consults with the other party regarding, the text of such press release or disclosure; provided, however, that each of the Company and Parent may make any public statement in response to specific questions by the press, analysts, investors or those attending industry conferences or financial analyst conference calls, so long as any such
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statements made by the Company or Parent in compliance with this Section 7.7. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a party need not consult with any other parties in connection with such portion of any press release, public statement or filing to be issued or made pursuant to Section 7.3(d) or with respect to any Acquisition Proposal, Company Board Adverse Recommendation Change, Parent Board Adverse Recommendation Change, or pursuant to Section 7.3(e).
Section 7.8 Listing. From the date hereof until the Effective Time, Parent shall maintain its existing listing on Nasdaq until the Effective Time. At or prior to the Effective Time, (a) Parent shall obtain approval of the listing of the combined corporation on Nasdaq, (b) to the extent required by the rules and regulations of Nasdaq, prepare for the Company’s review and submit (with the prior approval of the Company) to Nasdaq a notification form for the listing of shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, and to cause such shares to be approved for listing (subject to official notice of issuance), and (c) prepare and timely submit to Nasdaq a notification form for the Nasdaq Reverse Stock Split and submit a copy of the amendment to Parent’s certificate of incorporation effecting the Nasdaq Reverse Stock Split, certified by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, to Nasdaq on the Closing Date. The Company shall prepare and file an initial listing application for the Parent Common Stock on Nasdaq (the “Nasdaq Listing Application”), and from the date hereof until the Effective Time, Parent shall assist the Company in preparing and filing such Nasdaq Listing Application and to cause such Nasdaq Listing Application to be conditionally approved prior to the Effective Time. Each party will reasonably promptly inform the other party of all verbal or written communications between Nasdaq and such party or its Representatives. The parties will use commercially reasonable efforts to coordinate with respect to compliance with Nasdaq rules and regulations. Parent will cooperate with the Company as reasonably requested by the Company with respect to the Nasdaq Listing Application and promptly furnish to the Company all information concerning Parent that may be required or reasonably requested in connection with any action contemplated by this Section 7.8. Parent and the Company shall each pay 50% of all Nasdaq Fees associated with any action contemplated by this Section 7.8.
Section 7.9 Tax Matters.
(a) Each of Parent and the Company will (and will cause its respective Affiliates to) (i) use reasonable best efforts to cause the Merger to qualify for the Intended Tax Treatment and (ii) not take any action, or fail to take any action, that could reasonably be expected to prevent or impede the Merger from qualifying for the Intended Tax Treatment. Parent shall file (or cause its Affiliates, including the Company, to file) all U.S. federal, state or local Tax Return after the Closing Date in a manner that is consistent with the treatment of the Merger as a transaction qualifying for the Intended Tax Treatment, and shall not take any inconsistent position during the course of any audit, litigation or other proceeding with respect to Taxes, in each case, unless otherwise required by a “determination” that is final within the meaning of Section 1313(a) of the Code.
(b) All transfer, documentary, sales, use, stamp, registration, excise, recording, registration value added and other such similar Taxes and fees (including any penalties and interest) that become payable in connection with or by reason of the execution of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be borne and paid equally by the Parent and the Company. Unless otherwise required by applicable Law, the Company shall timely file any Tax Return or other document with respect to such Taxes or fees (and Parent shall reasonably cooperate with respect thereto as necessary).
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(c) If the SEC requires that an opinion with respect to the Intended Tax Treatment be prepared and submitted in connection with the Registration Statement, (i) the Company and Parent shall each use its reasonable best efforts to cause Cooley LLP (or such other nationally recognized law or accounting firm reasonably satisfactory to the Company) and Goodwin Procter LLP (or such other nationally recognized law or accounting firm reasonably satisfactory to Parent), respectively, to furnish such opinion (as so required and subject to customary assumptions and limitations) and (ii) Parent and the Company shall each deliver to Cooley LLP (or such other nationally recognized law or accounting firm reasonably satisfactory to the Company) and Goodwin Procter LLP (or such other nationally recognized law or accounting firm reasonably satisfactory to the Parent) a Tax certificate, signed by an officer of Parent or the Company, as applicable, containing customary representations and covenants reasonably acceptable to the Company and Parent, as applicable, in each case, as reasonably necessary and appropriate to enable each such tax advisor to render such opinion (the “Tax Certificates” ). Each of Parent and the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts not to take or cause to be taken any action that would cause to be untrue (or fail to take or cause not to be taken any action which would cause to be untrue) any of the certifications, covenants or representations included in the Tax Certificates.
Section 7.10 Directors and Officers. Until successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified in accordance with applicable Law, the parties shall use commercially reasonable efforts to take all necessary actions so that the Persons listed on Sections 2.6(c) and 2.6(d) of the Parent Disclosure Letter are elected or appointed, as applicable, to the positions of officers and directors of Parent and the Surviving Entity, as set forth therein, to serve in such positions effective as of the First Effective Time. If any Person listed on Section 2.6(c) and 2.6(d) of the Parent Disclosure Letter is unable or unwilling to serve as officer or director of Parent or the Surviving Entity, as set forth therein, the party appointing such Person (as set forth on Sections 2.6(c) and 2.6(d) of the Parent Disclosure Letter) shall designate a successor. The parties shall use reasonable best efforts to have each of the Persons that will serve as directors and officers of the Parent following the Closing to execute and deliver a Lock-Up Agreement prior to Closing.
Section 7.11 Termination of Certain Agreements and Rights.
(a) Except as set forth on Section 7.11(a) of the Parent Disclosure Letter or Company Disclosure Letter, as applicable, each of Parent and the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause any stockholder agreements, voting agreements, registration rights agreements, co-sale agreements and any other similar Contracts between either Parent or the Company and any holders of Parent Common Stock or Company Common Stock, respectively, including any such Contract granting any Person investor rights, rights of first refusal, registration rights or director registration rights (collectively, the “Investor Agreements”), to be terminated immediately prior to the First Effective Time, without any liability being imposed on Parent or the Surviving Entity.
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(b) Parent shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause all Parent Material Contracts (including all statements of work, work orders, change orders, or purchase orders thereunder), other than any Contract set forth in Section 7.11(b) of the Parent Disclosure Letter, to be terminated effective no later than the Closing Date, without any payment thereunder due or payable by Parent or the Surviving Entity at or after the Closing to any party thereto or third party beneficiary thereof (including in connection with any completed work or work-in-progress, non-cancellable expenses or commitments, early termination penalties, termination costs, wind-down costs, royalties or milestones) or any other post-Closing liability being imposed on Parent or the Surviving Entity.
Section 7.12 Obligations of Merger Subs. Parent will take all action necessary to cause each of the Merger Subs to perform its obligations under this Agreement and to consummate the Merger on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.
Section 7.13 Allocation Certificate. The Company will prepare and deliver to Parent at least two (2) Business Days prior to the Closing Date a certificate signed by an officer of the Company in a form reasonably acceptable to Parent setting forth (as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time) (a) each holder of the Company Common Stock, (b) such holder’s name and physical address, (c) the number or percentage and type of the Company Common Stock held as of the Closing Date for each such holder and (d) the number of shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued to such holder pursuant to this Agreement in respect of the Company Common Stock held by such holder as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time (the “Allocation Certificate”).
Section 7.14 Pre-Closing Cash Dividend. Prior to the First Effective Time, the Parent Board shall set a record date for the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend (the “Dividend Record Date”), which date shall be as close as reasonably practicable to (but not later than) the anticipated Closing Date. Parent shall ensure that the declaration of the Dividend Record Date and the payment of the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend shall be implemented and performed such that the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend be up to an amount equal in the aggregate to an amount mutually agreed in good faith by Parent and the Company by reference to the amount by which the Final Parent Net Cash will exceed the Target Net Cash (the “Pre-Closing Cash Dividend Amount”), subject to any adjustments that may be mutually agreed between Parent and Company. The Parent Board shall cause to be paid the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend as soon as practicable after the Dividend Record Date, but in any case, not prior to the date upon which the Final Parent Net Cash has been finally determined in accordance with Section 3.6 and not later than sixty (60) days after the Dividend Record Date. Parent shall announce, declare and pay (or cause to be paid) the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend in compliance with all applicable Law, including, without limitation, any rule or regulation of Nasdaq applicable to Parent. The amount of the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend shall be reduced by any Taxes required to be withheld from such payment (including, for the avoidance of doubt, because at the time of payment it is not known whether Parent will have current or accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the year in which the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend is paid), and any amounts that are deducted or withheld shall be treated as having been paid to the stockholder of Parent in respect of whom such payment was made.
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Section 7.15 Concurrent Investment.
(a) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the Concurrent Investment on the terms and conditions described in the Subscription Agreement and satisfy the conditions to the Concurrent Investment as described in the Subscription Agreement and shall not permit any termination, amendment or modification to be made to, or any waiver of any provision under, or any replacement of, the Subscription Agreement if such termination, amendment, modification, waiver or replacement (i) reduces the aggregate amount of the Concurrent Investment Amount or (ii) imposes new or additional conditions or otherwise expands, amends or modifies any of the conditions to the receipt of the Concurrent Investment, or otherwise expands, amends or modifies any other provision of the Subscription Agreement, in a manner that would reasonably be expected to (x) delay or prevent the funding of the Concurrent Investment (or satisfaction of the conditions to the Concurrent Investment) at or substantially simultaneously with the Closing or (y) adversely impact the ability of the Company to enforce its rights against other parties to the Subscription Agreement. The Company shall promptly deliver to Parent copies of any such termination, amendment, modification, waiver or replacement.
(b) The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts (i) to maintain in effect the Subscription Agreement, (ii) to enforce its rights under the Subscription Agreement and (iii) to comply with its obligations under the Subscription Agreement.
(c) The Company shall give Parent prompt notice (i) of any material breach or default by any party to the Subscription Agreement or definitive agreements related to the Concurrent Investment of which the Company becomes aware, (ii) of the receipt of any written notice or other written communication from any Concurrent Investment Investor with respect to any (x) actual material breach, default, termination or repudiation by any party to the Subscription Agreement or definitive agreements related to the Concurrent Investment of any provisions of the Subscription Agreement or definitive agreements related to the Concurrent Investment or (y) material dispute or disagreement relating to the Concurrent Investment with respect to the obligation to fund the Concurrent Investment at or substantially simultaneously with the Closing, and (iii) if at any time for any reason the Company believes in good faith that it will not be able to obtain all or any portion of the Concurrent Investment on the terms and conditions, in the manner or from the sources contemplated by the Subscription Agreement or definitive agreements related to the Concurrent Investment. The Company shall promptly provide information reasonably requested by Parent relating to the circumstances referred to in clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) of the immediately preceding sentence.
Section 7.16 Parent Equity Plans.
(a) Prior to the First Effective Time, Parent will cause the Parent Board to adopt the 2026 Equity Incentive Plan, subject to the Closing and effective as of the First Effective Time, which will provide for a number of shares of Parent Common Stock not exceeding fifteen percent (15%) of the Parent Common Stock issued and expected to be outstanding immediately after the First Effective Time to be reserved under the 2026 Equity Incentive Plan, and which may include an annual increase pursuant to an “evergreen” provision to provide for optional annual increases of up to five percent (5%) of the total number of fully diluted shares of capital stock of Parent as of the day prior to such increase, and will include provisions in the Proxy Statement for the stockholders of Parent to approve the 2026 Equity Incentive Plan. Subject to the approval of the 2026 Equity Incentive Plan by the stockholders of Parent prior to the First Effective Time, Parent shall file with the SEC, promptly after the First Effective Time and at the Company’s expense, a registration statement on Form S-8 (or any successor form), if available for use by Parent, relating to the shares of Parent Common Stock issuable with respect to the 2026 Equity Incentive Plan.
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(b) Prior to the First Effective Time, Parent will cause the Parent Board to adopt the 2026 ESPP, which will provide for a total pool of shares of Parent Common Stock under the 2026 ESPP not exceeding five percent (5%) of the Parent Common Stock issued and expected to be outstanding immediately after the First Effective Time, and may include an annual increase pursuant to an “evergreen” provision providing for an annual increase of up to one percent (1%) of the total number of fully diluted shares of capital stock of Parent outstanding as of the day prior to such increase, subject to the Closing and effective as of the First Effective Time, and will include provisions in the Proxy Statement for the stockholders of Parent to approve the 2026 ESPP. Subject to the approval of the 2026 ESPP by the stockholders of Parent prior to the First Effective Time, Parent shall file with the SEC, promptly after the First Effective Time and the Company’s expense, a registration statement on Form S-8 (or any successor form), if available for use by Parent, relating to the shares of Parent Common Stock issuable with respect to the 2026 ESPP.
(c) For the avoidance of doubt, approval of the 2026 Plans by the stockholders of Parent shall not be a condition to Closing.
Section 7.17 Parent SEC Documents. From the date of this Agreement to the First Effective Time, Parent shall timely file with the SEC all SEC Documents. As of its filing date, or if amended after the date of this Agreement, as of the date of the last such amendment, each SEC Document filed by Parent with the SEC (a) shall comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the Securities Act, and (b) shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
ARTICLE VIII
CLOSING CONDITIONS
Section 8.1 Conditions Precedent of each Party. The obligations of each party to effect the Merger and otherwise consummate the transactions contemplated hereby to be consummated at the Closing are subject to the satisfaction or, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, the written waiver by each of the parties, at or prior to the Closing, of each of the following conditions:
(a) The Registration Statement shall have become effective in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act, and shall not be subject to any stop order or proceeding seeking a stop order with respect to the Registration Statement and has not been withdrawn. Any material state securities Laws applicable to the issuance of the shares of Parent Common Stock in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby shall have been complied with and no stop order (or similar order) shall have been issued or threatened in writing in respect of such shares of Parent Common Stock by any applicable state securities commissioner or court of competent jurisdiction.
(b) Any applicable waiting periods (or extensions thereof) under the HSR Act shall have expired or otherwise been terminated.
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(c) No temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order preventing the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby shall have been issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other Governmental Entity of competent jurisdiction and remain in effect and there shall not be any Law which has the effect of making the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby illegal.
(d) (i) Parent shall have obtained the Parent Stockholder Approval and (ii) the Company shall have obtained the Company Stockholder Approval.
(e) The Lock-Up Agreements will continue to be in full force and effect as of immediately following the First Effective Time.
(f) The Subscription Agreement shall be in full force and effect and cash proceeds of not less than the Concurrent Investment Amount shall have been received by the Company (or, if the Concurrent Investment is structured as an investment into Parent, by Parent), or will be received substantially simultaneously with or immediately after the Closing, in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Subscription Agreement.
(g) (i) The approval of the listing of the additional shares pursuant to the Nasdaq Listing Application shall have been approved for listing (subject to official notice of issuance) on Nasdaq and (ii) Parent has maintained its existing listing on Nasdaq and obtained approval of the listing of the combined corporation on Nasdaq.
(h) At the Closing, the Final Parent Net Cash minus the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend Amount shall be no less than $0; provided, that if Final Parent Net Cash minus the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend Amount is less than $0, then the terms of this Section 8.1(h) may be satisfied by reducing the Pre-Closing Cash Dividend pursuant to Section 7.14.
(i) Parent shall have filed with, and been accepted by, the Delaware Secretary of State the amendment to Parent’s certificate of incorporation effecting the Nasdaq Reverse Stock Split in accordance with Section 2.6(a).
Section 8.2 Conditions Precedent to Obligation of the Company. The obligations of the Company to effect the Merger and otherwise consummate the transactions to be consummated at the Closing are subject to the satisfaction or the written waiver by the Company, at or prior to the Closing, of each of the following conditions:
(a) Accuracy of Representations. The representations and warranties of Parent and Merger Sub made in this Agreement (other than the Parent Fundamental Representations) shall have been true and correct in all respects as of the date of this Agreement and shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date with the same force and effect as if made on and as of the Closing Date except (a) in each case, or in the aggregate, where the failure to be so true and correct would not reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect (without giving effect to any references therein to any Parent Material Adverse Effect or other materiality qualifications) or (b) for those representations and warranties which address matters only as of a particular date (which representations shall have been true and correct, subject to the qualifications as set forth in the preceding clause (a), as of such particular date) (it being understood that, for purposes of
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determining the accuracy of such representations and warranties, any update of or modification to the Parent Disclosure Letter made or purported to have been made after the date of this Agreement shall be disregarded). The Parent Fundamental Representations shall have been true and correct in all respects as of the date of this Agreement and shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date with the same force and effect as if made on and as of such date, except, in each case, (x) in respect of Section 5.2 for such inaccuracies which are de minimis, individually or in the aggregate or (y) for those representations and warranties which address matters only as of a particular date (which representations and warranties shall have been true and correct, subject to the qualifications as set forth in the preceding clause (x), as of such particular date).
(b) Performance of Covenants. Parent shall have performed or complied with in all material respects all agreements and covenants required to be performed or complied with by it under this Agreement at or prior to the First Effective Time.
(c) No Parent Material Adverse Effect. Since the date of this Agreement, there shall not have occurred any Parent Material Adverse Effect.
(d) Documents. The Company shall have received the following documents, each of which shall be in full force and effect:
(i) a certificate executed by an officer of Parent certifying that the conditions set forth in Section 8.2(a), (b) and (c) have been duly satisfied; and
(ii) written resignations in forms reasonably satisfactory to the Company, dated as of the Closing Date and effective as of the Closing executed by the officers and directors of Parent who are not to continue as officers or directors of Parent pursuant to Section 7.10.
Section 8.3 Conditions Precedent of Parent and Merger Sub. The obligations of Parent and Merger Sub to effect the Merger and otherwise consummate the transactions to be consummated at the Closing are subject to the satisfaction or the written waiver by Parent, at or prior to the Closing, of each of the following conditions:
(a) Accuracy of Representations. The representations and warranties of the Company made in this Agreement (other than the Company Fundamental Representations) shall have been true and correct in all respects as of the date of this Agreement and shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date with the same force and effect as if made on and as of the Closing Date except (a) in each case, or in the aggregate, where the failure to be so true and correct would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect (without giving effect to any references therein to any Material Adverse Effect or other materiality qualifications) or (b) for those representations and warranties which address matters only as of a particular date (which representations shall have been true and correct, subject to the qualifications as set forth in the preceding clause (a), as of such particular date) (it being understood that, for purposes of determining the accuracy of such representations and warranties, any update of or modification to the Company Disclosure Letter made or purported to have been made after the date of this Agreement shall be disregarded). The Company Fundamental Representations shall have been true and correct in all respects as of the date of this Agreement and shall be true and correct on and as
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of the Closing Date with the same force and effect as if made on and as of such date, except, in each case, (x) in respect of Section 4.2 for such inaccuracies which are de minimis, individually or in the aggregate, (y) for those representations and warranties which address matters only as of a particular date (which representations and warranties shall have been true and correct, subject to the qualifications as set forth in the preceding clause (x), as of such particular date), or (z) variances arising solely due to the transactions contemplated under the Subscription Agreement.
(b) Performance of Covenants. The Company shall have performed or complied with in all material respects all agreements and covenants required to be performed or complied with by it under this Agreement at or prior to the First Effective Time.
(c) No Material Adverse Effect. Since the date of this Agreement, there shall not have occurred any Material Adverse Effect.
(d) Closing Certificate. Parent shall have received a certificate executed by an officer of the Company certifying (a) that the conditions set forth in Section 8.3(a), (b), and (c) have been duly satisfied and (b) that the information set forth in the Allocation Certificate delivered by the Company in accordance with Section 7.13 is true and accurate in all respects as of the Closing Date.
(e) FIRPTA Certificate. Parent shall have received from the Company a certificate in the form and substance required under Treasury Regulations Sections 1.1445-2(c)(3) and 1.897-2(h), and a form of notice to the IRS in accordance with the requirements of Treasury Regulations Section 1.897-2(h), together with written authorization for Parent to deliver such notice to the IRS on behalf of the Company following the Closing, in each case, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Parent.
(f) Termination of the Investor Agreements. The Investor Agreements shall have been terminated.
ARTICLE IX
TERMINATION
Section 9.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated prior to the First Effective Time (whether before or after the adoption of this Agreement by the Company’s stockholders and whether before or after approval of the Parent Stockholder Proposal by Parent’s stockholders, unless otherwise specified below):
(a) by mutual consent of Parent and the Company;
(b) by either Parent or the Company if the Merger shall not have been consummated by February 28, 2027 (the “End Date”); provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 9.1(b) shall not be available to the Company or Parent if such party’s (or in the case of Parent, any Merger Sub’s) breach of this Agreement has been a principal cause of the failure of the Merger to occur on or before the End Date;
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(c) by either Parent or the Company if a court of competent jurisdiction or other Governmental Entity shall have issued a final and nonappealable order, or shall have taken any other action, having the effect of permanently restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 9.1(c) shall not be available to a party if such party’s (or in the case of Parent, any Merger Sub’s) breach of this Agreement is a principal cause of any such Governmental Entity issuing any such order or taking any such other action;
(d) by either Parent or the Company if the Company Stockholder Approval shall not have been obtained by written consent of the Company’s stockholders in lieu of a meeting within two (2) Business Days of the Registration Statement becoming effective in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act; provided, however, that (i) once the Company Stockholder Approval has been obtained, neither party may terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 9.1(d) and (ii) the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 9.1(d) shall not be available to a party if such party’s (or in the case of Parent, any Merger Sub’s) breach of this Agreement is a principal cause of the failure of the Company Stockholder Approval to have been obtained on or before such second (2nd) Business Day;
(e) by either Parent or the Company if (i) the Parent Stockholder Meeting (including any adjournments and postponements thereof) shall have been held and completed and Parent’s stockholders shall have taken a final vote on the Parent Stockholder Proposal and (ii) the Parent Stockholder Approval shall not have been obtained at the Parent Stockholder Meeting (or any adjournment or postponement thereof); provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 9.1(e) shall not be available to a party if such party’s (or in the case of Parent, any Merger Sub’s) breach of this Agreement is a principal cause of the failure of the Parent Stockholder Approval to have been obtained at the Parent Stockholder Meeting;
(f) by the Company (at any time prior to obtaining the Parent Stockholder Approval) if any Parent Triggering Event shall have occurred;
(g) by Parent (at any time prior to obtaining the Company Stockholder Approval) if any Company Triggering Event shall have occurred;
(h) by the Company, upon a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in this Agreement by Parent or Merger Sub or if any representation or warranty of Parent or Merger Sub shall have become inaccurate, in either case, such that the conditions set forth in Section 8.2(a) or Section 8.2(b) would not be satisfied as of the time of such breach or as of the time such representation or warranty shall have become inaccurate; provided that the Company is not then in material breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement under this Agreement; provided, further that if such inaccuracy in Parent’s or Merger Sub’s representations and warranties or breach by Parent or Merger Sub is curable by Parent or Merger Sub, then this Agreement shall not terminate pursuant to this Section 9.1(h) as a result of such particular breach or inaccuracy until the earlier of (i) the expiration of a 30-day period commencing upon delivery of written notice from the Company to Parent or Merger Sub of such breach or inaccuracy and its intention to terminate pursuant to this Section 9.1(h) and (ii) Parent or Merger Sub (as applicable) ceasing to exercise commercially reasonable efforts to cure such breach following delivery of written notice from the Company to Parent or Merger Sub of such breach or inaccuracy and its intention to terminate pursuant to this Section 9.1(h) (it being understood that this Agreement shall not terminate pursuant to this Section 9.1(h) as a result of such particular breach or inaccuracy if such breach by Parent or Merger Sub is cured prior to such termination becoming effective);
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(i) by the Parent, upon a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in this Agreement by the Company or if any representation or warranty of Parent or Merger Sub shall have become inaccurate, in either case, such that the conditions set forth in Section 8.3(a) or Section 8.3(b) would not be satisfied as of the time of such breach or as of the time such representation or warranty shall have become inaccurate; provided that Parent is not then in material breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement under this Agreement; provided, further that if such inaccuracy in the Company’s representations and warranties or breach by the Company is curable by the Company, then this Agreement shall not terminate pursuant to this Section 9.1(i) as a result of such particular breach or inaccuracy until the earlier of (i) the expiration of a 30-day period commencing upon delivery of written notice from the Parent to the Company of such breach or inaccuracy and its intention to terminate pursuant to this Section 9.1(i) and (ii) the Company ceasing to exercise commercially reasonable efforts to cure such breach following delivery of written notice from Parent to the Company of such breach or inaccuracy and its intention to terminate pursuant to this Section 9.1(i) (it being understood that this Agreement shall not terminate pursuant to this Section 9.1(i) as a result of such particular breach or inaccuracy if such breach by the Company is cured prior to such termination becoming effective);
(j) by Parent (at any time prior to obtaining the Parent Stockholder Approval) and following compliance with all of the requirements set forth in the proviso to this Section 9.1(j), concurrently with Parent’s entering into a definitive agreement for a Superior Offer (a “Permitted Alternative Agreement” ) and after having paid to the Company the Company Termination Fee pursuant to Section 9.3(c); provided, however, that Parent shall not enter into any Permitted Alternative Agreement unless: (i) the Company shall have received written notice from Parent of Parent’s intention to enter into such Permitted Alternative Agreement at least four (4) Business Days in advance, with such notice describing in reasonable detail the reasons for such intention as well as the material terms and conditions of such Permitted Alternative Agreement, including the identity of the counterparty together with copies of the then current draft of such Permitted Alternative Agreement and any other related principal transaction documents, (ii) Parent shall have complied in all material respects with its obligations under Section 6.4 and Section 7.3, and (iii) the Parent Board shall have determined in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel, that the failure to enter into such Permitted Alternative Agreement would reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with its fiduciary obligations under applicable Law;
(k) by the Company (at any time prior to obtaining the Company Stockholder Approval) and following compliance with all of the requirements set forth in the proviso to this Section 9.1(k), concurrently with the Company’s entering into a Permitted Alternative Agreement and after having paid to Parent the Parent Termination Fee pursuant to Section 9.3(e); provided, however, that the Company shall not enter into any Permitted Alternative Agreement unless: (i) Parent shall have received written notice from the Company of the Company’s intention to enter into such Permitted Alternative Agreement at least four (4) Business Days in advance, with such notice describing in reasonable detail the reasons for such intention as well as the material terms and conditions of such Permitted Alternative Agreement, including the identity of the counterparty together with copies of the then current draft of such Permitted Alternative Agreement and any
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other related principal transaction documents, (ii) the Company shall have complied in all material respects with its obligations under Section 6.4, and (iii) the Company Board shall have determined in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel, that the failure to enter into such Permitted Alternative Agreement would reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with its fiduciary obligations under applicable Law; or
The party desiring to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 9.1 (other than pursuant to Section 9.1(a)) shall give a notice of such termination to the other party specifying the provisions hereof pursuant to which such termination is made and the basis therefor described in reasonable detail.
Section 9.2 Effect of Termination. In the event of the termination of this Agreement as provided in Section 9.1, this Agreement shall be of no further force or effect; provided, however, that (a) this Section 9.2, Section 9.3 and Article X (and the related definitions of the defined terms in such section) shall survive the termination of this Agreement and shall remain in full force and effect and (b) the termination of this Agreement and the provisions of Section 9.3 shall not relieve any party of any liability for fraud or for any willful and material breach of any representation, warranty, covenant, obligation or other provision contained in this Agreement.
Section 9.3 Expenses; Termination Fees.
(a) Except as set forth in this Section 9.3 and Section 7.9 all fees and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be paid by the party incurring such expenses, whether or not the Merger is consummated, provided, however, that Parent and the Company shall share equally all fees and expenses incurred in relation to the printing and filing with the SEC of the Registration Statement (including any financial statements and exhibits) and any amendments or supplements thereto and paid to a financial printer or the SEC.
(b) If (i) this Agreement is terminated by Parent or the Company pursuant to Section 9.1(e), (ii) at any time after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Parent Stockholder Meeting an Acquisition Proposal with respect to Parent shall have been publicly announced, disclosed or otherwise communicated to the Parent Board (and shall not have been withdrawn) and (iii) within twelve (12) months after the date of such termination, Parent enters into a definitive agreement with respect to a Subsequent Transaction or consummates a Subsequent Transaction, then Parent shall pay the Company, upon such entry into a definitive agreement and/or consummation of a Subsequent Transaction, a nonrefundable fee in an amount equal to $10,000,000 (the “Company Termination Fee”).
(c) If this Agreement is terminated (i) by the Company pursuant to Section 9.1(f) (or Section 9.1(b) or Section 9.1(e) in circumstances in which the Company has the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant Section 9.1(f)) or (ii) by Parent pursuant to Section 9.1(j), then Parent shall pay to the Company the Company Termination Fee, by wire transfer of same day funds to an account designated by the Company, (x) in the case of a termination by Parent referred to in the foregoing clause (i) or (ii), prior (and as a condition) to such termination or (y) in the case of a termination by the Company described in the foregoing clause (i), within two (2) Business Days after such termination.
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(d) If (i) this Agreement is terminated by Parent or the Company pursuant to Section 9.1(d), (ii) at any time after the date of this Agreement and prior to such termination, an Acquisition Proposal with respect to the Company shall have been publicly announced, disclosed or otherwise communicated to the Company Board (and shall not have been withdrawn) and (iii) within six (6) months after the date of such termination, the Company enters into a definitive agreement with respect to a Subsequent Transaction or consummates a Subsequent Transaction, then the Company shall pay to Parent, upon the earlier of such entry into a definitive agreement and/or the consummation of a Subsequent Transaction, a nonrefundable fee in an amount equal to $15,000,000 (the “Parent Termination Fee”), by wire transfer of same-day funds to an account designated by Parent.
(e) If this Agreement is terminated (i) by Parent pursuant to Section 9.1(g) (or by the Company in circumstances in which Parent has the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant Section 9.1(g)) or (ii) by the Company pursuant to Section 9.1(k), then the Company shall pay to Parent the Parent Termination Fee, by wire transfer of same day funds to an account designated by Parent, (x) in the case of a termination by the Company referred to in the foregoing clause (i) or (ii), prior (and as a condition) to such termination or (y) in the case of a termination by Parent described in the foregoing clause (i), within two (2) Business Days after such termination.
(f) If either party fails to pay when due any amount payable by it under this Section 9.3, then (i) such party shall reimburse the other party for reasonable costs and expenses (including reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel) incurred in connection with the collection of such overdue amount and the enforcement by the other party of its rights under this Section 9.3 and (ii) such party shall pay to the other party interest on such overdue amount (for the period commencing as of the date such overdue amount was originally required to be paid and ending on the date such overdue amount is actually paid to the other party in full) at a rate per annum equal to the “prime rate” (as announced by Bank of America or any successor thereto) in effect on the date such overdue amount was originally required to be paid plus three percent.
(g) The parties agree that, subject to Section 9.2, the payment of fees and expenses set forth in this Section 9.3 shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of each party following a termination of this Agreement under the circumstances described in this Section 9.3, it being understood that in no event shall either Parent or the Company be required to pay the individual fees, damages or expense reimbursements payable pursuant to this Section 9.3 on more than one occasion. Subject to Section 9.2, following the payment of the fees and expenses set forth in this Section 9.3 by a party, (i) such party shall have no further liability to the other party in connection with or arising out of this Agreement or the termination thereof, any breach of this Agreement by the other party giving rise to such termination, or the failure of the transactions contemplated hereby to be consummated, (ii) no other party or their respective Affiliates shall be entitled to bring or maintain any other claim, action or proceeding against such party or seek to obtain any recovery, judgment or damages of any kind against such party (or any partner, member, stockholder, director, officer, employee, Subsidiary, Affiliate, agent or other Representative of such party) in connection with or arising out of this Agreement or the termination thereof, any breach by such party giving rise to such termination or the failure of the transactions contemplated hereby to be consummated and (iii) all other parties and their respective Affiliates shall be precluded from any other remedy against such party and its Affiliates, at law or in equity or otherwise, in connection
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with or arising out of this Agreement or the termination thereof, any breach by such party giving rise to such termination or the failure of the transactions contemplated hereby to be consummated. Each of the parties acknowledges that (x) the agreements contained in this Section 9.3 are an integral part of the transactions contemplated hereby, (y) without these agreements, the parties would not enter into this Agreement and (z) any amount payable pursuant to this Section 9.3 is not a penalty, but rather is liquidated damages in a reasonable amount that will compensate the parties in the circumstances in which such amount is payable; provided, however, that nothing in this Section 9.3(g) shall limit the rights of the parties under Section 10.3.
ARTICLE X
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 10.1 Non-survival of Representations and Warranties. None of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements in this Agreement or in any instrument delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall survive the First Effective Time, other than those covenants or agreements of the parties which by their terms apply, or are to be performed in whole or in part, after the First Effective Time.
Section 10.2 Amendment or Supplement. This Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented by the parties by action taken or authorized by their respective Boards of Directors at any time, whether before or after Company Stockholder Approval or the Parent Stockholder Approval has been obtained; provided, however, that after the Company Stockholder Approval or the Parent Stockholder Approval has been obtained, no amendment shall be made that pursuant to applicable Law requires further approval or adoption by the stockholders of the Company or Parent, as applicable, without such further approval or adoption. This Agreement may not be amended, modified or supplemented in any manner, whether by course of conduct or otherwise, except by an instrument in writing specifically designated as an amendment hereto, signed on behalf of each of the parties in interest at the time of the amendment.
Section 10.3 Waiver. The parties may, by action taken or authorized by their respective Boards of Directors, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, waive compliance with any of the agreements or conditions of the other parties contained herein; provided, however, that after the Company Stockholder Approval or the Parent Stockholder Approval has been obtained, no waiver may be made that pursuant to applicable Law requires further approval or adoption by the stockholders of the Company or Parent, as applicable, without such further approval or adoption. Any agreement on the part of a party to any such waiver shall be valid only if set forth in a written instrument executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer on behalf of such party. No failure or delay of any party in exercising any right or remedy hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or power, or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such right or power, or any course of conduct, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or power. The rights and remedies of the parties hereunder are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies which they would otherwise have hereunder.
Section 10.4 Fees and Expenses. Except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement, all fees and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby shall be paid by the party incurring such fees or expenses, except that the expenses incurred in connection with the engagement of an exchange agent and all filing and other fees paid to the SEC in connection with the Merger and the transactions contemplated hereby, shall be borne by Parent and the Company.
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Section 10.5 Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed duly given (a) on the date of delivery if delivered personally, or if by e-mail, upon written confirmation of receipt by e-mail or otherwise, (b) on the first (1st) Business Day following the date of dispatch if delivered utilizing a next-day service by a recognized next-day courier or (c) on the earlier of confirmed receipt or the fifth (5th) Business Day following the date of mailing if delivered by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. All notices hereunder shall be delivered to the addresses set forth below, or pursuant to such other instructions as may be designated in writing by the party to receive such notice:
| (i) | if to Parent or Merger Subs, to: |
Fulcrum Therapeutics, Inc.
26 Landsdowne Street
Cambridge, MA 02139
Attention: Alex Sapir
E-mail: [***]
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Goodwin Procter LLP
100 Northern Avenue
Boston, MA 02210
Attention: Mitchell S. Bloom
Tevia K. Pollard
Marianne Sarrazin
Email: [***]
| (ii) | if to Company, to: |
Slate Medicines, Inc.
4114 Center at North Hills, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27609
Attention: Legal
E-mail: [***]
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Cooley LLP
500 Boylston Street
Boston, MA 02116
Attention: Eric Blanchard
Miguel Vega
Lindsey O. Crow
Email: [***]
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Section 10.6 Entire Agreement. This Agreement (including the Exhibits hereto), the Company Disclosure Letter, the Parent Disclosure Letter, the Subscription Agreements, and the Confidentiality Agreement constitute the entire agreement, and supersede all prior written agreements, arrangements, communications and understandings and all prior and contemporaneous oral agreements, arrangements, communications and understandings among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof.
Section 10.7 No Third Party Beneficiaries.
(a) Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any Person other than the parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature under or by reason of this Agreement, except as provided in Section 7.5.
(b) The representations and warranties in this Agreement are the product of negotiations among the parties hereto and are for the sole benefit of the parties hereto. Any inaccuracies in such representations and warranties are subject to waiver by the parties hereto in accordance with Section 10.3 without notice or liability to any other Person. In some instances, the representations and warranties in this Agreement may represent an allocation among the parties hereto of risks associated with particular matters regardless of the knowledge of any of the parties hereto. Consequently, Persons other than the parties hereto may not rely upon the representations and warranties in this Agreement as characterizations of actual facts or circumstances as of the date of this Agreement or as of any other date.
Section 10.8 Governing Law. This Agreement and all disputes or controversies arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the laws of any other jurisdiction that might be applied because of the conflicts of laws principles of the State of Delaware.
Section 10.9 Submission to Jurisdiction. Each of the parties irrevocably agrees that any legal action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement brought by any party or its Affiliates against any other party or its Affiliates shall be brought and determined in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; provided, that if jurisdiction is not then available in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, then any such legal action or proceeding may be brought in any federal court located in the State of Delaware or any other Delaware state court. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably submits to the jurisdiction of the aforesaid courts for itself and with respect to its property, generally and unconditionally, with regard to any such action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. Each of the parties agrees not to commence any action, suit or proceeding relating thereto except in the courts described above in Delaware, other than actions in any court of competent jurisdiction to enforce any judgment, decree or award rendered by any such court in Delaware as described herein. Each of the parties further agrees that notice as provided herein shall constitute sufficient service of process and the parties further waive any argument that such service is insufficient. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives, and agrees not to assert, by way of motion
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or as a defense, counterclaim or otherwise, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, (a) any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of the courts in Delaware as described herein for any reason, (b) that it or its property is exempt or immune from jurisdiction of any such court or from any legal process commenced in such courts (whether through service of notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution of judgment, execution of judgment or otherwise) and (c) that (i) the suit, action or proceeding in any such court is brought in an inconvenient forum, (ii) the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper or (iii) this Agreement, or the subject matter hereof, may not be enforced in or by such courts.
Section 10.10 Assignment; Successors. Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, interests or obligations under this Agreement may be assigned or delegated, in whole or in part, by operation of law or otherwise, by any party without the prior written consent of the other parties, and any such assignment without such prior written consent shall be null and void. Subject to the preceding sentence, this Agreement will be binding upon, inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by, the parties and their respective successors and assigns.
Section 10.11 Specific Performance. The parties agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that the parties hereto do not perform the provisions of this Agreement in accordance with its terms or otherwise breach such provisions. Accordingly, the parties acknowledge and agree that each party shall be entitled to an injunction, specific performance and other equitable relief to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, provided, that if jurisdiction is not then available in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, then in any federal court located in the State of Delaware or any other Delaware state court, this being in addition to any other remedy to which such party is entitled at law or in equity. Each of the parties hereby further waives (a) any defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate and (b) any requirement under any law to post security as a prerequisite to obtaining equitable relief.
Section 10.12 Severability. Whenever possible, each provision or portion of any provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable Law, but if any provision or portion of any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable Law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision or portion of any provision in such jurisdiction, and this Agreement shall be reformed, construed and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision or portion of any provision had never been contained herein.
Section 10.13 Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH OF THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.
Section 10.14 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same instrument and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other party.
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Section 10.15 Facsimile or .pdf Signature. This Agreement may be executed by facsimile or .pdf signature and a facsimile or .pdf signature shall constitute an original for all purposes.
Section 10.16 No Presumption Against Drafting Party. Each of Parent, Merger Subs and the Company acknowledges that each party to this Agreement has been represented by counsel in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Accordingly, any rule of law or any legal decision that would require interpretation of any claimed ambiguities in this Agreement against the drafting party has no application and is expressly waived.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date first written above by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized.
| FULCRUM THERAPEUTICS, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Alex Sapir | |
| Name: Alex C. Sapir | ||
| Title: President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| FUSION MERGER SUB I, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Alex Sapir | |
| Name: Alex C. Sapir | ||
| Title: President | ||
| FUSION MERGER SUB II, LLC | ||
| By: | /s/ Alex Sapir | |
| Name: Alex C. Sapir | ||
| Title: President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| SLATE MEDICINES, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Gregory Oakes | |
| Name: Gregory Oakes | ||
| Title: Chief Executive Officer | ||
[Signature Page to Agreement and Plan of Merger]