Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation
Unaudited Condensed Financial Information
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements as of March 31, 2026 and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2026 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed financial statements include only normal and recurring adjustments that the Company believes are necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or any subsequent interim period. The condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Because all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements are not included herein, these unaudited condensed financial statements and the notes accompanying them should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 which appear in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 31, 2026 (the “Annual Report”) and in other filings with the SEC.
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| Segment Reporting | Segment Reporting
The Company operates and manages its business as one reportable and operating segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing novel immunotherapies for diseases promoted by chronic inflammation, especially age-related diseases. The Company’s chief executive officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for allocating and evaluating financial performance. In addition, our CODM is regularly provided with detailed results of preclinical and clinical data which is considered in his decision for the allocation of resources. See Note 11. Segment Reporting for further details. The single operating segment constitutes all of the Company activity, the CODM regularly reviews the entity-wide operating results and performance. All long-lived assets are maintained in the United States of America.
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| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Management uses estimates in financial statements to approximate monetary amounts for items that cannot be measured precisely, such as asset valuations, liabilities, and revenue recognition. These estimates are based on subjective judgments, experience, and future assumptions. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors and adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Actual results could differ from estimates.
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| Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement (“Topic 820”) establishes a fair value hierarchy for those instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between fair value measurements based on market data (observable inputs) and those based on the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
Fair value measurements are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, which may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The determination of the fair values takes into account the market for the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, the associated credit risk, and other factors as required. The Company considers active markets as those in which transactions for the assets or liabilities occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
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| Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for revenues in accordance with FASB ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that fall within the scope of Topic 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that it will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred to the customer.
At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract, determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. To date, the Company’s revenues have been generated exclusively from license agreements, which consists of licenses of intellectual property, cost reimbursements, upfront signing fees, milestone payments and royalties on future licensee’s product sales. In addition, the Company and AlloTera Therapeutics have an agreement for the supply of clinical and research grade materials under which the Company also recognized revenues.
License Grants:
For out-licensing arrangements that include a grant of a license to the Company’s intellectual property, the Company considers whether the license grant is distinct from the other performance obligations included in the arrangement. For licenses that are distinct, the Company recognizes revenues from nonrefundable, upfront payments and other consideration allocated to the license when the license term has begun and the Company has provided all necessary information regarding the underlying intellectual property to the customer, which generally occurs at or near the inception of the arrangement.
License related services:
For license agreements that include service-based performance obligations, the Company evaluates whether these separately identifiable services are distinct performance obligations. The Company considers whether the customer could benefit from the licensed intellectual property with other readily available resources, whether the performance of the service would significantly modify or customize the licensed intellectual property or whether the service is highly interrelated or interdependent with the licensed intellectual property. Revenue attributable to services that are deemed distinct performance obligations are recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the Company’s performance. The Company measures progress toward completion using an input method, typically cost-to-cost, which reflects the pattern in which services are delivered. Amounts received in advance for optional future services are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue when the related services are performed or when the option expires. The transaction price is allocated to the service performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling prices.
Milestone and Contingent Payments:
At the inception of the arrangement and at each reporting date thereafter, the Company assesses whether it should include any milestone and contingent payments or other forms of variable consideration in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue would not occur upon resolution of the uncertainty, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of each such milestone and any related constraint and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Since milestone and contingent payments may become payable to the Company upon the initiation of a clinical study or filing for or receipt of regulatory approval, the Company reviews the relevant facts and circumstances to determine when the Company should update the transaction price, which may occur before the triggering event. When the Company updates the transaction price for milestone and contingent payments, the Company allocates the changes in the total transaction price to each performance obligation in the agreement on the same basis as the initial allocation. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period of adjustment, which may result in recognizing revenue for previously satisfied performance obligations in such period. The Company’s licensees will generally pay milestones payments subsequent to achievement of the triggering event.
Materials Supply:
The Company provides clinical and research grade materials so that licensees may develop products based on the licensed molecules. The amounts billed are recognized as revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied by the Company, once the Company determines that a contract exists.
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| Investments | Investments
As part of its financing strategy, the Company may enter into licensing or collaboration agreements under which it receives consideration in the form of a minority equity interest in a counterparty, in lieu of or in addition to cash payments. These financial instruments are presented within Investments in the accompanying condensed balance sheets.
When consideration is an equity interest in a private entity whose equity has limited marketability with no readily determinable fair value and for which the Company does not have significant influence over the investee, the Company measures the equity interest using the measurement alternative, at cost less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer (ASC Topic 321, Investments - Equity Securities or Topic 321), unless the fair value method is otherwise elected. If the Company elects to measure an equity security at fair value, the entity shall measure all identical or similar investments of the same issuer, including future purchases of identical or similar investments of the same issuer, at fair value. The election to measure those securities at fair value shall be irrevocable. Any resulting gains or losses on the securities for which that election is made shall be recorded in earnings at the time of the election.
In the second quarter of 2025, the Company elected to account for its AlloTera Therapeutics, Inc., formerly Wugen, Inc., (“AlloTera Therapeutics”) shares, previously accounted for under the measurement alternative, at fair value as determined using financial valuation techniques and market information available. Further, the Company will remeasure the change in fair value of the AlloTera Therapeutics shares, and related contingent liability, in reporting periods subsequent to the second quarter of 2025 and recognize the change in earnings. See Note 2. Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
On March 16, 2026, the Company received full payment of the nonrefundable upfront license fee from Trimmune. See Note 5. License Agreements. A portion of the upfront license fee was made in the form of a transferable minority equity interest in Trimmune. The Company has elected to use the measurement alternative under ASC 321-10-35-2 — cost less impairment, with adjustment for observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company has a related-party relationship with Trimmune through the Trimmune License. The initial fair value was derived by reference to the implied post-financing valuation of Trimmune of RMB 175,000,000 from the contemporaneous Licensee Funding Transaction (a Level 2 fair value indicator under Topic 820), using the exchange rate on the closing date of the transaction.
From time to time, the Company invests excess cash in U.S. Treasury bills and notes, which are classified as trading securities. As of March 31, 2025 and 2026, the Company had no short-term investments.
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| Standby Equity Purchase Agreement | Standby Equity Purchase Agreement
The Company and Square Gate Capital Master Fund, LLC - Series 4 (“Square Gate”) entered a Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (“SEPA”) providing for an equity line of credit with Square Gate on February 20, 2025. This agreement provides a mechanism for submission by the Company and acceptance by Square Gate of Put Notices under the SEPA pursuant to which Square Gate and the Company may agree to and execute one purchase and sale of Put Shares (“Standard Put Shares”). The Standard Put Notice has a pricing mechanism based on a volume-adjusted weighted average trading price over three days following the acceptance of the Standard Put.
On August 14, 2025, the parties entered into a First Amendment to the SEPA (the “First Amendment”) to provide a mechanism for submission by the Company and acceptance by Square Gate of Put Notices under the SEPA pursuant to which Square Gate and the Company may agree to and execute multiple purchases and sales of Put Shares on the same trading day (“Intraday Put Shares”). Under the First Amendment, among other things, the purchase price of the Intraday Put Shares will be the lowest traded price during a specified valuation time period which begins with the acceptance of the Intraday Put and ends when trading volume reaches 1000% of the amount of shares included in the Intraday Put.
A SEPA is an equity-linked instrument for which an investor has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase shares of the entity’s common stock over a specified period of time. The SEPA creates a purchase put option for the overarching arrangement which was determined to be a derivative. Economically, before the entity has elected to sell shares, a SEPA represents a purchased put option on the entity’s own equity. However, once the entity “draws” on the SEPA, the related number of shares issued constitutes a financial instrument. Thus, a SEPA contains both a purchased put option element and a forward share issuance element. This generally means that a SEPA generally does not qualify for equity classification. Accordingly, entities must recognize an asset or liability for its SEPA. Such asset or liability must be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net (loss) income. Further, individual draws must also be evaluated to determine if they meet criteria for equity classification.
With regards to the individual draws for a Standard Put under the SEPA, an individual draw would create a separate financial instrument with settlement criteria that does not meet indexation guidance. While the number of shares is known at inception and therefore not subject to the overarching share cap, there are two inputs into the settlement amount paid by the Investor which are not inputs into a fixed-for-fixed option: (1) the maximum amount to be funded under the SEPA of $20.0 million, which inherently limits the settlement amount regardless of the Company’s stock price and (2) the discount which reduces the amount to be paid upon settlement.
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| Net Income (Loss) Per Share |
Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders by the daily weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration of potential dilutive securities. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders by the sum of the daily weighted average number of common shares plus the potential dilutive effects of potential dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive securities are excluded from diluted income or loss per share if the effect of such inclusion is anti-dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include options granted under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (“2019 Plan”) and the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”) as well as the Company’s Common Stock Warrants, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share as their exercise prices exceeded the average market price of the Company’s Common Stock during the period. Options and warrants are considered dilutive to the income per share calculation when their exercise price is below the average market price of the stock (“in-the-money”).
The Company has issued certain Common Stock Warrants that have a provision for participation in earnings. Under ASC 260, Earnings per Share, undistributed earnings shall be allocated to Common Stock and participating securities utilizing the two-class method. The Company reports distributed and undistributed allocations of earnings on a cumulative period basis in accordance with contractual participation rights using the two-class method.
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| Restatement of Previously Issued Interim Financial Information | Restatement of Previously Issued Interim Financial Information
The Company has restated its previously issued unaudited condensed financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2026 (the “Amendment”) to correct the misapplication of the two-class method of calculating earnings per share under ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. The Company originally calculated earnings per share without identifying certain outstanding warrants as participating securities in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2026 filed on May 14, 2026 (“Original Filing”). The Amendment reflects the identification of these warrants as participating securities and the resulting application of the two-class method.
The following table shows the Company’s methodology for allocation of undistributed earnings between Common Stock and participating securities in the Original Filing and Amendment, respectively, as a percent of total potential shares to use in the application of the two-class method of EPS:
The following table shows the basic and diluted EPS, as reported in the Original Filing and as amended in the Amendment, prior to giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split:
The following table shows the basic EPS, as reported in the Original Filing and as amended in the Amendment, after to giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split:
Due to the cumulative nature of the two-class method, this error had no impact on the unaudited condensed financial statements for any other reporting period. The restatement of earnings per share to correct apply the two-class method of calculating earnings per share impacts the financial information reported for the three months ended March 31, 2026 only.
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| Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (ASU 2024-03) which requires public business entities to provide enhanced disaggregation of expenses in financial statements, including detailed disclosures on inventory purchases, employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization. The new guidance is effective for the Company for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is evaluating the impact of the standard on the Company’s financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2025-06, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Accounting for and Disclosure of Software Costs to update the accounting for internal use software costs. The guidance requires entities to start capitalizing eligible costs when (1) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, and (2) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The guidance, which applies to all entities, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Entities may apply the guidance using a prospective, retrospective or modified transition approach. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the standard on the Company’s financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2025-07—Derivatives and Hedging (“Topic 815”) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract to expand the scope of contracts that are excluded from derivative accounting (i.e., measured at fair value through earnings). ASU 2025-07 addresses stakeholders’ concerns about (1) the application of derivative accounting to contracts with features based on the operations or activities of one of the parties to the contract and (2) the diversity in accounting for share-based noncash consideration from a customer that is consideration for the transfer of goods or services. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual periods. Entities may apply the guidance either on a modified retrospective or prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the standard on the Company’s financial statements.
As of December 31, 2026, the Company will cease to be an ‘emerging growth company’ as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012. We expect to remain a nonaccelerated filer and smaller reporting company. The Company is currently assessing potential regulatory and operational changes that may be required as a result. |
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