| SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
| 3 |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
| 3.1 |
Income tax |
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The tax expense for the year comprises of income tax, and is recognized in the statement of earnings. The income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. |
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Deferred income tax is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method in respect of all temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred income tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred income tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses can be utilized. Deferred income tax is calculated at the rates that are expected to apply to the period when the differences are expected to be reversed. |
| 3.2 |
Trade and other payables |
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Liabilities for trade and other amounts payable are carried at cost, which is the fair value of the consideration to be paid in future for goods and services received, whether or not billed to the Company. |
| 3.3 |
Provisions |
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A provision is recognized in the financial statements when the Company has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of obligation. |
| 3.4 |
Accounts Receivable |
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Accounts receivable are non-interest bearing obligations due under normal course of business. The management reviews accounts receivable on a monthly basis to determine if any receivables will be potentially uncollectible. Historical bad debts and current economic trends are used in evaluating the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company includes any accounts receivable balances that are determined to be uncollectible in its overall allowance for doubtful accounts. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. Based on the information available, the Company believes its allowance for doubtful accounts as of period ended is adequate. |
| 3.5 |
Contingent liabilities |
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A contingent liability is disclosed when the Company has a possible
obligation as a result of past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence, of one or more
uncertain future events, not wholly within the control of the Company; or when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation,
that arises from past events, but it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle
the obligation, or the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability. |
| 3.6 |
Financial liabilities |
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Financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes party to the contractual provision of the instruments and the Company loses control of the contractual right that comprise the financial liability when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The Company classifies its financial liabilities in two categories: at fair value through profit or loss and financial liabilities measured at amortized cost. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial liabilities were incurred. Management determines the classification of its financial liabilities at initial recognition. |
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(a) |
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |
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Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are financial liabilities held for trading. A financial liability is classified in this category if incurred principally for the purpose of trading or payment in the short-term. Derivatives (if any) are also categorized as held for trading unless they are designated as hedges. |
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(b) |
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost |
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These are non-derivative financial liabilities with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. These are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred and are subsequently stated at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the profit and loss account. |
| 3.7 |
Property, plant and equipment |
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All equipments
are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss. The cost of fixed assets includes its purchase price, import
duties and non-refundable purchase taxes and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition and
location for its intended use. |
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Depreciation
on additions to property, plant and equipment is charged, using straight line method, on pro rata basis from the month in which the
relevant asset is acquired or capitalized, up to the month in which the asset is disposed off. Impairment loss, if any, or its
reversal, is also charged to income for the year. Where an impairment loss is recognized, the depreciation charge is adjusted in
future periods to allocate the asset’s revised carrying amount, less its residual value, over its estimated useful
life. |
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Maintenance and normal repair costs are expensed out as and when incurred. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized and assets so replaced, if any are retired. |
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Gains and losses on disposal of fixed assets, if any, are recognized in statement of profit and loss. |
| 3.8 |
Cash and cash equivalents |
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Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand and deposits held at call with banks. For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents bank balances and short term highly liquid investments subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and with maturities of less than three months. |
| 3.9 |
Revenue recognition |
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Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be measured reliably. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods sold or services rendered, net of discounts and sales tax and is recognised when significant risks and rewards are transferred. |
| 3.10 |
Functional and presentation currency |
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Items included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates. The financial statements are presented in US (Dollars) which is the Company’s presentation currency. All financial information presented in US Dollars has been rounded to the nearest dollar unless otherwise stated. |
| 3.11 |
Foreign currency transactions |
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Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into functional currency using the exchange rate prevailing at the statement of financial position date. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates are recognized in the profit and loss account. |
| 3.12 |
Contingencies |
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The assessment of the contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgment as the outcome of the future events cannot be predicted with certainty. The Company, based on the availability of the latest information, estimates the value of contingent assets and liabilities, which may differ on the occurrence / non-occurrence of the uncertain future event(s). |
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